Attitude Variables Research Articles

Probiotics in pregnancy: Inequities in knowledge exchange, attitudes, and use of probiotics in a socio-demographically diverse, cross-sectional survey sample of pregnant Canadians

BackgroundPregnancy interventions, potentially including consumption of nutraceuticals like probiotics, represent possible avenues for preventing non-communicable diseases. However, evidence syntheses indicate that probiotic interventions, while effective in managing some pregnancy complications (e.g., gestational diabetes), do not confer health benefits to uncomplicated pregnancies. Messaging around probiotics in pregnancy is mixed, such that people with low-risk pregnancies may nevertheless feel pressure to spend limited resources on (costly) probiotics. To tailor knowledge exchange and support safe, equitable access to pregnancy probiotics when their prescription may be warranted, we need to understand who takes probiotics during pregnancy and under what conditions. MethodsWe used chi-square and logistic regression analyses of anonymous, cross-sectional survey data from 341 pregnant Canadians of diverse socio-demographic backgrounds to assess which respondents, by socio-demographic characteristics and pre-pregnancy/pregnancy health indicators, were relatively likely to: perceive probiotics as beneficial to pregnancy health and/or report taking probiotics during pregnancy. ResultsForty-seven percent of respondents perceived probiotics as beneficial to pregnancy health; 51 % reported consuming them. Probiotic attitudes and consumption were socio-demographically-patterned: higher-income, post-secondary-educated respondents disproportionately perceived probiotics as healthy and consumed them. There was no evidence of variation in probiotics attitudes or use by pregnancy health indicators. ConclusionSocio-economic factors may be more important determinants of pregnancy probiotic use in this sample than indications for pregnancy complications. Clear guidelines on pregnancy probiotics that reflect current evidence are needed. Equitable access to probiotics should be facilitated for pregnant people likely to benefit from interventions (i.e., those with certain complications), supporting long-term health equity.

Avid, Averse, Apprehensive, or Apathetic? A typology of collaboration attitudes

AbstractAs much of nonprofit management research on inter‐organizational collaboration has focused on various macro and meso aspects of collaboration, little is known about micro aspects such as the attitudes of individuals involved in collaboration. To contribute to a more holistic and multidisciplinary understanding of collaboration, this study draws upon social psychological theories about attitude structure and attitudinal ambivalence to explore the variation in attitudes that nonprofit leaders have toward collaboration opportunities. Based on interviews with the leaders of 20 US‐based transnational nonprofits in the field of child welfare, the study qualitatively identifies four major types of attitudes toward collaboration opportunities: Avid, Averse, Apprehensive, and Apathetic. The study then presents several propositions to facilitate a future research program for the integration of attitudes into collaboration research. Practical policy and managerial implications are also discussed.

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KEPATUHAN PENERAPAN PROTOKOL KESEHATAN PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI KABUPATEN JEMBRANA

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS Cov-2). The community has a role in breaking the chain of transmission of COVID-19 and does not create a source of transmission as a result of interactions between individuals and groups at a point in the location. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between individual characteristics knowledge and attitudes towards compliance with the application of health protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jembrana Regency. The design of this study was observational, with adesign cross sectional. The number of samples is 117 people. The sampling technique in this study used non probability sampling, which is a combination of snowballing and voluntary sampling which was conducted in Jembrana Regency in April-June 2021. The results showed that 77.78% complied with the application of health protocols and 22.22% did not comply. Variables of age, gender, income, last education and attitude have no relationship, age group 18-25 (p = 0.8941; OR = 1.14; 95%CI = 0.42-3.11), age group 26-45 (p= 0.8941;OR= 0.90; 95%CI=0.42-3.11), gender (p=0.2496,OR=1.68;95%CI:0.69-4.03 ), income (p=0.1574;OR=2.2;95%CI :0.69-4.03), last education (p= 0.6508; OR=1.26; 95%CI: 0.45- 3.50). The related variables were knowledge and public attitudes, knowledge (p=0.0032; OR=4.4;95% CI: 1.66-11.66), attitudes (p=<0.001; OR=7, 27; 95%CI: 2.69-19.65). It can be concluded that there is a relationship between knowledge and attitudes towards compliance with the implementation of COVID-19 health protocols. It is recommended to mobilize cadres in each of the Neighborhood Associations to maximize IEC, information communication and education to the public regarding COVID-19 and the implementation of the COVID-19 health protocol which is carried out online.
 Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, COVID-19, Health Protocol 

HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP DENGAN PERILAKU TERHADAP INFEKSI MENULAR SEKSUAL PADA REMAJA DI COMORO DILI TIMOR-LESTE

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are global public health problems. Adolescents are a vulnerable age group of STIs. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes and behaviors towards STIs in adolescents in Comoro, Dili, Timor-Leste. This study was descriptive with a cross-sectional approach conducted in Canossa highschool and Externato de São Jose highschool from April-June 2022. The independent variables were knowledge and attitude, the dependent variable was adolescent behavior. The sample of this study was adolescents in 15-18 years old in Canossa highschool and Externato de São Jose and willing to become the respondent, 85 adolescents were selected as respondent. The results showed that 71.8% of respondents have good knowledge, 67.1% of respondents have good attitudes and 75.3% of respondents have good behavior in relation to STIs. The results of the analysis of the relationship between knowledge and attitudes to risk behavior for STIs 83.6% of respondents were categorized as good knowledge and have good behavior in relation to STIs and 84.2% of respondents were having good attitudes and have good behavior in relation to STIs. The results of the chi-square statistical test on knowledge and attitude variables obtained a p-value of 0.01, therefore, there is a significant relationship between the knowledge and attitudes of respondents regarding risk behavior for STIs. Comprehensive education regarding sexual health is needed for adolescents in Comoro Dili Timor-Leste.
 Keywords: Adolescents, STIs, HIV, Infectious diseases.

Pengaruh Vidio Tiktok (Menstruasi) Terhadap Peningkatan Sikap Remaja Putri di SMK Batik 2

In adolescent girls who experience puberty is characterized by the first menstruation (menarche). Menstruation is a release of the uterine wall (endometrium), which is accompanied by bleeding and occurs every month. In menstruating women must remain clean and healthy (personal hygiene), to avoid decay and the development of fungi that can cause infections in intimate organs (cervical cancer and bladder infections). The study aims to improve the assessment of Personal Hygiene (Menstruation) attitudes by using TikTok as a promotional medium. The research design used Quasi Experimental with pre-test and post-test to measure students' attitudes about personal hygiene. This study used a one group design pre-test post-test approach without an ampelous control group in this study as many as 70 respondents. Data analysis using SPSS 23. And there is a difference in the average value (mean) of attitudes before and after intervention through TikTok media, which is 9 points for the value of attitude before intervention is 10.06 points and after intervention is 19.06 points. From the analysis above, we obtained the value of p = 0.001 or < 0005. TikTok media is used to improve the attitude of female students after being given interventions about personal hygiene (Menstruation). There was an increase in scores before and after the intervention for attitude variables.

Attitudes toward immigration in Europe: Cross-regional differences.

Background: This article investigates how European public opinion has responded to short-term variations in regional immigration over the past decade (2010-2019). Methods: Combining data from the European Social Survey and the European Union Labour Force Survey and using multilevel modelling, we test how natives' opinions over migration policy and the contribution of immigrants to society have changed with the net rate of international migrants in 183 EU regions from 21 countries. Results: We find that while European natives living in regions with a higher share of foreign-born populations are generally less anti-immigrant, a short-term increase in the number of immigrants within a given region is associated with more negative attitudes. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate the importance of temporal dynamics for attitudes to immigration. They also point to the relevance of regional variations in attitudes beside cross-country differences.

FACTORS AFFECTING TAXPAYER COMPLIANCE IN PAYING LAND AND BUILDING TAX AT SEMARANG CITY

<p class="Default"><em>This study aims to examine the effect of attitudes, tax sanctions, and taxpayer awareness on the compliance of PBB taxpayers in Semarang City. Data were collected by questionnaire method given directly to respondents at PBB payment places. Respondents were selected by convenience sampling method, namely respondents who were willing to fill out the questionnaire. Respondents were asked to answer questions on the questionnaire related to the variables of taxpayer attitudes, taxpayer awareness, tax sanctions, and PBB taxpayer compliance. The number of respondents was set as 100 respondents. The questionnaires that were filled in for all question items were 80 questionnaires. 20 questionnaires could not be processed because they were not filled in. Data analysis was carried out with multiple linear regression models. This study found a positive influence of tax penalties on tax compliance, but no effect of taxpayer attitudes and taxpayer awareness on taxpayer compliance in Semarang city. </em><em>The findings are expected to be taken into consideration by the Semarang City Government in making policies on PBB collection</em><em>.</em></p><p class="Default"><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: taxpayer attitude, tax sanctions, taxpayer awareness, taxpayer compliance</em><em></em></p>

THE INFLUENCE OF BREEDER BEHAVIOR ON LOCAL DUCK (Anas Domesticus) INCOME IN LANGSA LAMA DISTRICT, LANGSA CITY

This study aims to analyze the effect of farmer behavior on the income of local duck farmers in Langsa Lama District, Langsa City. The sampling technique used purposive sampling technique with a total sample of 39 people. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. To determine the effect of farmer behavior on the income of local duck farmers in Langsa Lama District, Langsa City, statistical analysis was used with multiple linear regression methods. Data processing is carried out using SPSS software. The results of this study indicate that the attitude variable has a significant effect on the income of local duck farmers in the Langsa Lama District, Langsa City, the skill variable has a very significant effect on the income of local duck farmers in the Langsa Lama District, Langsa City, and the knowledge variable has no significant effect on the income of local duck farmers in the Langsa Lama District, Langsa City.

Is Cause-Related Marketing all the Same for Different Cultures?

This research analyses how high emotional cause-related marketing claims influence attitudes and viral behaviors. With a SEM and an international sample of 1,232 respondents (Spain, England, and Ecuador) exposed to a video viral cause marketing stimulus, analysis shows, from a global international perspective (1) the influence of emotions on attitudes; (2) the attitudinal constructs consistency; (3) the simultaneous impact of the emotions also on viral behaviors; (4) the effect of attitudes variables on viral behaviors; and (5) the strong viral consequences connection. From a cross-cultural perspective, significant differences are identified. Recommendations in the context analysed: (1) convenience of including emotional claims, (2) adaption of international campaigns to local cultures to strength certain advantages; however, tailoring locally a global campaign cannot be affordable.

Robust tracking control for a quadrotor subjected to disturbances using new hyperplane-based fast Terminal Sliding Mode.

This paper presents a finite-time approach for tracking control of a quadrotor system subjected to external disturbances and model uncertainties. The proposed approach offers a preassigned performance guarantee. Firstly, integral terminal sliding manifolds and nonsingular terminal sliding manifolds are considered to produce the new hyperplane sliding variables for both position and attitude of a quadrotor. The designed hyperplane sliding variables guaranteed a finite-time convergence. The objective is to develop a finite-time control scheme for a disturbed quadrotor to follow a predefined trajectory based on a nonlinear sliding mode controller. The main contribution of this paper is to design a hyperplane-based nonlinear sliding mode control strategy for a quadrotor subjected to disturbances. A concept of robust controllers for a quadrotor is presented based on Lyapunov theory, which proves finite-time stability of the proposed control technique. Numerical simulations with two different scenarios verify the accuracy of the proposed hyperplane-based sliding mode control approach. The simulations study also included a comparison with another nonlinear controller. Results demonstrated overperformance of the proposed control strategy.

Evaluating the influence of nature connection and values on conservation attitudes at a tropical deforestation frontier.

Inner phenomena, such as personal motivations for pursuing sustainability, may be critical levers for improving conservation outcomes. Most conservation research and policies, however, focus on external phenomena (e.g., ecological change or economic processes). We explored the factors shaping 9 conservation attitudes toward forest and wildlife protection among colonist farmers around an Amazonian deforestation frontier. Our data comprised 241 face-to-face quantitative surveys, complemented with qualitative insights from open-ended questionnaire responses and opportunistic semistructured interviews. To account for the full spectrum of possible inner motivations, we employed measures of nature connection (indicating biospheric motivation) and personal values organized around the traditionalism (traditionalist through to high openness to change) and universalism dimensions (egoistic through to altruistic motivations). We used averaged beta-binomial generalized linear models to assess the role of external factors (socioeconomic, sociodemographic, and environmental) and personal (inner) motivations on the variation in attitudes. Each attitude was modeled separately. The relative importance of each predictor was judged by the proportion of models where it appeared as significant. Proconservation views were expressed by the majority (at least 65%) of the respondents in 7 out of the 9 attitude models. The most consistent predictors were emotional nature connection and personal values (significant in 4-6 out of 9 models), rather than external phenomena (significant in 0-5 models). However, the poorest farmers had lower scores on the agreement with prioritizing nature over development (𝛽=-0.52, 95% CI: -0.96 to -0.07). Qualitative data also indicated that economic barriers hinder forest conservation on farms. These results suggest that biospheric, traditionalistic, and altruistic motivations promote people's proconservation attitudes, but nurturing these latent motivations is unlikely to improve conservation outcomes if material poverty remains unaddressed. Integrating the inner-outer perspective into conservation thinking and practical interventions could foster environmental stewardship and increase human well-being.

A moderated mediation analysis of the low enrollment intention at international higher education in Indonesia

PurposeThis paper aims to analyze the relationship between the brand awareness of an international university operating in Indonesia and enrollment intention serially mediated by brand congruity and brand attitude and moderated by brand experience.Design/methodology/approachA moderated serial mediation model was developed and was tested using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine the proposed relationship. There were 132 prospective students involved as respondents.Findings(1) brand awareness may not always directly affect purchase intention; (2) brand congruity and brand attitude serially mediate the relationship between brand awareness and enrollment intention; (3) brand experience may not always moderate the relationship between brand awareness and consumer behavior.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper considers generalizability as its limitation with suggestions to undertake future studies in other settings and the longitudinal and broader scope. Future research could examine other variables to enhance the model.Practical implicationsThis paper also proposes theoretical and managerial implications in higher education branding and marketing.Originality/valueThis study closed the gap in the unsuccessful relationship between brand awareness and behavioral intention that the mediating variables of brand congruity and brand attitude must be serially present. This study also confirmed that brand experience is not empirically suitable as a moderator.

Adaptive finite-time fault-tolerant control for nano-satellite attitude tracking under actuator constraints

In this paper, a finite-time fault-tolerant control method is developed for attitude tracking of a nano-satellite with three magnetorquers and one reaction wheel in the presence of actuator faults, inertia uncertainties, external distribution, and actuator constraints. For this purpose, the modified non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control is used due to the ability of robustness against uncertainties and finite-time convergence. In this approach, the modified sliding surface variable is constructed based on angular velocity and attitude error to converge the attitude error to zero in a finite time. In addition, three adaptive parameters are employed to reduce the adverse effect of uncertain expressions and to track the attitude commands with high control accuracy. The adaptive parameters and sliding surface variable are used in the reaching phase of the controller to decrease the chattering phenomenon. The dynamics of adaptive parameters, with regard to the angular velocities of the nano-satellite and reaction wheel and the sliding surface variable, are obtained during the stability proof of the closed-loop system. Also, the finite-time convergence of sliding surface and attitude variables are proved by the extended Lyapunov condition, and the convergence regions of attitude tracking errors are obtained. The simulations are accomplished and compared with an existing adaptive sliding mode control approach to evaluate the performance of the proposed controller. The results verify that the proposed controller performs better than the mentioned controller in terms of finite-time convergence, the accuracy of attitude tracking, and the reduction of the chattering phenomenon.

Attitudes towards Communication in Nursing Students and Nurses: Are Social Skills and Emotional Intelligence Important?

The communication attitude (ACO) of nurses can significantly influence patient health outcomes. This work aims to evaluate predictor variables of communication attitude (emotional intelligence and social skills) in nurses and nursing students separately by comparing linear and non-linear methodologies. Two samples participated in this study: 312 nursing professionals and 1369 nursing students. In total, 75.60% of the professionals and 83.80% of the students were women. After signing the informed consent form, their emotional intelligence (TMMS-24), social skills (IHS) and ACO (ACO) were assessed. It was found that ACO through linear regression models in professionals was predicted by emotional repair and, in students, by attention and emotional repair, as well as by low exposure to new situations, low social skills in the academic or work area and high empathy. Overall, the comparative qualitative models show how the combination of different skills related to emotional intelligence and social skills lead to high levels of ACO. Conversely, their low levels result in an absence of ACO. Our results highlight the importance of emotional intelligence, especially emotional repair and empathy, as well as the need to consider ways to encourage the learning of these skills in a formal way.

Fast Food Industry Investigation: The Role of Brand Attitude and Brand Loyalty on Purchase Intentions in Generation Z based on Theory of Reasoned Action

This study explores the concepts of brand attitude and brand loyalty among generation z to generate purchase intention in the fast food restaurant industry. Researchers use quantitative methods and use surveys to obtain primary data. The data obtained were then processed using SPSS and AMOS. The total respondents collected in this study were 204 generation Z people who consumed products at fast food restaurants. Variables used in this study include brand attitude, purchase intention, electronic word of mouth, and brand loyalty. The brand loyalty variable in this study will act as a renewal variable mediating between the electronic word of mouth and purchase intention variables. The results of this study show that electronic word of mouth positively affects brand attitude variable but has no effect on brand loyalty variable. Brand attitude variable has a significant impact on brand loyalty variable and purchase intention variable. Brand loyalty variable has a significant effect on purchase intention variable. These findings align with the theory of reasoned action, which states attitude that appears in a person will affect the intention shown in him. The gap in this study is brand attitude because there are differences in previous studies.

Fast Food Industry Investigation: The Role of Brand Attitude and Brand Loyalty on Purchase Intentions in Generation Z based on Theory of Reasoned Action

This study explores the concepts of brand attitude and brand loyalty among generation z to generate purchase intention in the fast food restaurant industry. Researchers use quantitative methods and use surveys to obtain primary data. The data obtained were then processed using SPSS and AMOS. The total respondents collected in this study were 204 generation Z people who consumed products at fast food restaurants. Variables used in this study include brand attitude, purchase intention, electronic word of mouth, and brand loyalty. The brand loyalty variable in this study will act as a renewal variable mediating between the electronic word of mouth and purchase intention variables. The results of this study show that electronic word of mouth positively affects brand attitude variable but has no effect on brand loyalty variable. Brand attitude variable has a significant impact on brand loyalty variable and purchase intention variable. Brand loyalty variable has a significant effect on purchase intention variable. These findings align with the theory of reasoned action, which states attitude that appears in a person will affect the intention shown in him. The gap in this study is brand attitude because there are differences in previous studies.

Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Tindakan Masyarakat Kota Bandung Terhadap Antibiotik Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of the Bandung City Community on Antibiotic

COVID-19 is a disease that initially appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The rapid spread of the disease made this disease to be categorized as a pandemic. The disease of COVID-19 has changed the focus of healthcare worldwide. Several studies reported that the onset of the pandemic has contributed to the increase of antibiotics usage. This study aimed to explore the changes of patterns on antibiotic usage and the factors that influence antibiotic usage during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research was conducted in Bandung City, Indonesia which consists of 30 sub-districts. The data were collected by distributing a questionnaire to 560 respondents with a snowball sampling technique. The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant increase in the frequency of antibiotic usage (p < 0.05). The sources of information for consuming antibiotics were mostly from doctor's prescriptions. Regarding the habit of providing antibiotics, in general, the respondents did not store antibiotics as supplies either before the COVID-19 pandemic or in the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, people who stored antibiotics as supplies obtained the most antibiotics by purchasing them directly from pharmacies. Based on the statistical analysis, it was known that the knowledge and attitude variables were simultaneously significant towards the use of antibiotics either before the COVID-19 pandemic or in the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides, there was a positive relationship among the variables of knowledge on antibiotics, attitudes in antibiotics usage, and antibiotics consumption practices.

Using Q Methodology to Understand Faculty Development Needs to Prepare for Next Generation NCLEX.

Using Q Methodology to Understand Faculty Development Needs to Prepare for Next Generation NCLEX.

Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to the Analysis of Variations in Attitudes toward Exclusive Motorcycle Lanes

The purpose of this paper was to test the differences in attitudes influencing motorcyclists' behavioural expressions of motorcycle lane use as classified by demographic data and attitude factors from an application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) comprised of four factors: Attitude toward use, Subjective norms, perceived behavior control, and Behaviour intention. A questionnaire study of 1,004 motorcyclists in Nakhon Ratchasima province was conducted. Independent t-tests, One-Way ANOVA were used to analyze differences between motorcyclists' demographic data and components in the Theory of Planned Behavior. The findings revealed that different age groups and income levels had significantly different effects on perceived behavior control and behavior intention to use motorcycle lanes. While there were considerable differences in indications of attitude toward use and perceived norms across educational levels. Furthermore, perceived behavior control and behavior intention differed significantly across urban and rural areas, including driver's license status. Differences in location zone subjective norms, as well as attitudes toward the use of different driver's license statuses

The Gender Gap in Supreme Court Legitimacy

Men and women diverge in their political behavior and attitudes. We test whether gender-based variation in political attitudes extends to perceptions of US Supreme Court legitimacy. Using a dataset covering the years 2012–2017, we show that one’s identification as a man or a woman predicts their diffuse support for the Court. In particular, women almost always extend less legitimacy to the Court than men do. This is true within both Republican and Democratic identifiers, and regression analysis shows the gender gap holds when controlling for partisanship, ideology, race, age, education, income, and Supreme Court approval. Additionally, we included a series of questions in a 2021 Cooperative Election Study (CES) module to explore why the gender gap in perceived legitimacy exists. We find that differences in perceptions of the Court’s representation of women and its fairness drive the gender gap in legitimacy.