Attitude Questionnaire Research Articles

Determinants of health care worker breastfeeding experience and practices and their association with provision of care for breastfeeding mothers: a mixed-methods study from Northern Thailand

BackgroundImproving breastfeeding rates is one of the most cost-effective ways to prevent infant deaths, but most of the world falls far below WHO recommended breastfeeding practices. Confident, informed healthcare workers are an important resource to promote breastfeeding, but healthcare workers are at risk of early breastfeeding cessation themselves. Culture, ethnicity and socio-economic status impact breastfeeding rates with some of the highest and lowest rates in Southeast Asia reported from Thailand. This study explores the relationship between workplace determinants of breastfeeding, personal breastfeeding outcomes for healthcare workers, and the breastfeeding care healthcare workers provide their patients.MethodsThis study used a sequential exploratory design guided by a conceptual framework based on social ecological/ecological psychology models. Participants came from four clinical sites in Northern Thailand, from ethnically Burman or Karen communities with high breastfeeding rates, and Thai communities with low breastfeeding rates. In-depth interviews (July 2020-November 2020) were followed by a quantitative survey (November 2020-July 2021) derived from validated questionnaires (Australian Breastfeeding Knowledge and Attitudes Questionnaire and the Workplace Breastfeeding Support Scale) with minor local adaptations.ResultsInterviews highlighted the beneficial effects of supportive workplace policies, the importance of physical spaces to facilitate proximity between mothers and infants, and the problem of low milk production. Meeting the WHO recommended practices of exclusive breastfeeding to 6 months or total breastfeeding to 2 years or more was more common in sites with higher levels of breastfeeding support (aOR 7.3, 95%CI 1.8, 29.1 for exclusive breastfeeding). Exclusive breastfeeding was also higher when staff set breastfeeding goals (aOR 4.4, 95%CI 1.7, 11.5). Staff who were able to see their infants during the work day were less likely to terminate breastfeeding because of work (aOR 0.3, 95%CI 0.1, 0.8). Staff who met both WHO recommendations themselves were more likely to report high levels of confidence caring for breastfeeding patients (aOR 2.6, 95%CI 1.1, 6.4).ConclusionsWorkplace protections including supportive maternity leave policies and child-friendly spaces can improve breastfeeding outcomes for healthcare workers. These improved outcomes are then passed on to patients who benefit from healthcare workers who are more confident and attentive to breastfeeding problems.

Review: application of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) in primary care - a systematic synthesis on validity, descriptive and comparative results, and variance across organisational units

Patient safety research has focused mostly on the hospital and acute care setting whereas assessments of patient safety climate in primary health care settings are warranted. Valid questionnaires as e.g., the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) may capture staff perceptions of patient safety climate but until now, an overview of the use of SAQ in primary care has not been systematically presented. Thus, the aim of this systematic review is to present an overview of SAQ used in primary care.Methods The electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, Cinahl, PsycInfo and Web of Science were used to find studies that used any version of SAQ in primary care. Studies were excluded if only abstract or poster was available, as the information in abstract and posters was deemed insufficient. Commentaries and nonempirical studies (e.g., study protocols) were excluded. Only English manuscripts were included.Results A total of 43 studies were included and 40 of them fell into four categories: 1) validation analysis, 2) descriptive analysis, 3) variance assessment and 4) intervention evaluation and were included in further analyses. Some studies fell into more than one of the four categories. Seventeen studies aimed to validate different versions of SAQ in a variety of settings and providers. Twenty-five studies from fourteen different countries reported descriptive findings of different versions of SAQ in a variety of settings. Most studies were conducted in primary health care centres, out-of-hours clinics, nursing homes and general practice focusing on greatly varying populations. One study was conducted in home care. Three studies investigated variance of SAQ scores. Only five studies used SAQ to assess the effects of interventions/events. These studies evaluated the effect of electronic medical record implementation, a comprehensive Unit-based Safety Program or COVID-19.Conclusion The synthesis demonstrated that SAQ is valid for use in primary care, but it is important to adapt and validate the questionnaire to the specific setting and participants under investigation. Moreover, differences in SAQ factor scores were related to a variety of descriptive factors, that should be considered in future studies More studies, especially variance and intervention studies, are warranted in primary care.Trial registration This systematic review was not registered in any register.

Exploring the complexity of commonly held attitudes and beliefs of low back pain-a network analysis.

The current study used a network analysis approach to explore the complexity of attitudes and beliefs held in people with and without low back pain (LBP). The study aimed to (1) quantify the adjusted associations between individual items of the Back Pain Attitudes Questionnaire (Back-PAQ), and (2) identify the items with the strongest connectivity within the network. This is a secondary data analysis of a previously published survey using the Back-PAQ (n = 602). A nonparametric Spearman's rank correlation matrix was used as input to the network analysis. We estimated an unregularised graphical Gaussian model (GGM). Edges were added or removed in a stepwise manner until the extended Bayesian information criterion (EBIC) did not improve. We assessed three measures of centrality measures of betweenness, closeness, and strength. The two pairwise associations with the greatest magnitude of correlation were between Q30-Q31 [0.54 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.60)] and Q15-Q16 [0.52 (95% CI 0.43 to 0.61)]. These two relationships related to the association between items exploring the influence of attentional focus and expectations (Q30-Q31), and feelings and stress (Q15-Q16). The three items with the greatest average centrality values, were Q22, Q25, and Q10. These items reflect beliefs about damaging the back, exercise, and activity avoidance, respectively. Beliefs about back damage, exercise, and activity avoidance are factors most connected to all other beliefs within the network. These three factors may represent candidate targets that clinicians can focus their counseling efforts on to manage unhelpful attitudes and beliefs in people experiencing LBP.

Impact of flipped classroom on EFL learners’ self- regulated learning and higher-order thinking skills during the Covid19 pandemic

The advent of innovative online tools has ushered in new possibilities for enhancing the quality of language learning. This study delved into the influence of the flipped classroom approach on augmenting the cognitive and meta-cognitive competence of EFL learners. Two distinct participant groups were enlisted for the study's sequential phases, necessitating varying sample sizes to compare the effects of the flipped classroom against traditional instructional modes on the improvement of EFL learners' self-regulated learning strategies and higher-order thinking. Homogeneous groups of language learners were essential for addressing the research inquiries, and participants were selected from two private language institutes in Arak, Iran. Multiple data sources, including a language proficiency test, the Self-Regulation Questionnaire, a flipped classroom attitude questionnaire, and the Higher-Order Thinking Skills Test, were employed to gather the necessary data. The results demonstrated a significant impact of flipped classrooms on learners' utilization of cognitive self-regulated learning strategies, indicating that the flipped classroom approach fosters students' development as self-directed learners. Concerning the influence of the flipped classroom on enhancing EFL learners' higher-order thinking skills, it was deduced that the flipped classroom significantly affected the learners' engagement in evaluating, analyzing, and creating. The implications of these findings underscore the potential of the flipped classroom approach to positively shape EFL learners' self-regulated learning and higher-order thinking skills, advocating for its incorporation into language education practices.

Exploring how IP marketing (media marketing) influences consumer shopping psychology through quantitative and empirical analysis.

As the concepts of intellectual property and media marketing have gained popularity, media marketing has gradually become an integral part of intellectual property marketing, and its use has become more widespread. However, the field of intellectual property marketing (media marketing) has become confused and faces challenges such as loss of uniqueness and weak consumer connections. Existing research efforts have focused on marketing strategies for branded intellectual property, but have neglected the important perspective of consumer psychology and behaviour. In this study, we use the AISAS model to segment digital marketing and delve into consumer psychology and behavioural factors that influence intellectual property marketing (media marketing). This exploration covers intellectual property content at the attention stage, intellectual property value at the interest stage, emotional trust at the search stage, mental consumption at the purchase stage and fan interaction at the sharing stage. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the data using SPSS and AMOS, and integrated a consumer attitude questionnaire. The final findings confirm that intellectual property content, value, emotional trust, spiritual consumption and fan interaction all positively influence consumer psychology and behaviour. In addition, we make consumer-centric recommendations to extend the life cycle of intellectual property and promote sustainable brand development.

Implementing a Respectful Maternity Care Guideline During Childbirth Experiences

ObjectiveTo measure the impact of an evidence-based guideline on respectful maternity care on nurses’ attitudes and beliefs about childbirth practices. DesignA quality improvement pilot project with a pretest/posttest design examining the attitudes and beliefs of intrapartum nurses about childbirth practices of respectful care. SettingHigh-risk intrapartum unit at a tertiary care center in the southeastern United States. ParticipantsA convenience sample of 130 registered nurses were invited to participate, and nine completed the pre- and posttests. Intervention/MeasurementsThe intervention included a recorded webinar, access to printed and electronic copies of the guideline, discussions in daily huddles, and a virtual journal club. Data were collected using the 42-item Nurse Attitudes and Beliefs Questionnaire–Revised. Lower scores are reflective of attitudes and beliefs that support a medical model of care, whereas higher scores are reflective of a physiologic model of care. Descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to analyze changes in attitudes and beliefs based on the aggregate scores of the nurse participants. ResultsAlthough there was no change in nurse attitude and beliefs about childbirth practices after 3 months (p = .058), the aggregate scores on a scale of 42 to 168 increased by 5.6 points. Two subscales of the Nurse Attitudes and Beliefs Questionnaire–Revised—Medical Model of Conflict and Women’s Autonomy—had the greatest increase in aggregate scores. ConclusionUnderstanding nurses’ attitudes and beliefs can assist in identifying barriers to the provision of respectful care, particularly during labor and birth, when patients are most vulnerable. Measurement of nurse attitudes and beliefs regarding respectful maternity care may require a longer immersion in a respectful maternity care program to allow for changes over time.

Identification of the effect of childbirth education classes on pregnant women’s childbirth attitudes and happiness

Objective: This study aims to identify the effect of childbirth education classes on pregnant women’s childbirth attitudes and happiness. Materials and Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental research with a control group. Thirty-four participants were included in both the control and the experimental groups (N = 68). Data were collected through the Personal Information Form, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ), and the Childbirth Attitudes Questionnaire (CAQ).Results: In the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd interviews, the difference between the pregnant women’s OHQ total mean scores was not statistically significant in the experimental and the control group (p>0,05). In the 1st and 2nd interviews, the difference between the pregnant women's CAQ total mean scores was not statistically significant in the experimental and control groups (p>0,05). In the 3rd interview, the CAQ total mean score of the pregnant women in the experimental group was found 26.85±8.5 while that of the control group was 38.14±10.18; the difference between the groups was found to be statistically significant (p

The Nigerian youth knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) towards the national drive against the Spread of COVID-19: An online cross-sectional Survey.

The global impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)has led to the need to prioritise public health campaign by all stakeholders among diverse population groups. This study investigated the dispositions of Nigerian adolescents towards the prevention of the spread of COVID-19. The young adolescents (n=1,529) included in this study, were between the ages of 15 and 26 years from Afe Babalola University. Students were contacted through their various colleges and residential hostels to complete the questionnaire via a shared link. All students included, voluntarily participated in this cross-sectional study by completing the adapted COVID-19 knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) questionnaire. The collected data were analysed to show the level of knowledge, attitude and preventative practices and also to test for significant association between gender and variables for the study. The study was conducted between March 23-April 25, 2021. The outcome of the findings showed that students with families with 5-10 members showed significant association with knowledge accuracy on COVID-19 (χ 2 = 6.077, p = 0.044). There was a significant association between gender and the need to report the suspected case of COVID-19 infection to the health authorities (χ 2 = 14.075, p = 0.001) with more females likely to report a suspected case. More females (59.2%) were significantly (χ 2 = 8.904, p = 0.012) involved in the practice of social distancing or home quarantine as a preventive measure. This study showed evidence of high prevalence of knowledge related to COVID-19 in majority of the study participants. This is a pointer to the efficacy and success of present public health campaigns in Nigeria.

Reliability and validity of a simplified touch experiences and attitudes questionnaire for Chinese college students.

Touch cultures have both differences and commonalities in different regions. The Touch Experiences and Attitudes Questionnaire (TEAQ) is a widely applicable self-report tool. The purpose of our research was to examine the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of TEAQ for Chinese college students. We translated the 57 items of the original TEAQ into Chinese and assessed its cultural and linguistic adaptation in Chinese context. Two samples were recruited for the assessment of validity and reliability. The Social Support Rating Scale, Index of Well-being Scale and Security Questionnaire were chosen as criterion-related validity indicators. Item analysis, principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the simplified Chinese version of TEAQ contained 18 items in three factors: Attitude to Intimate Touch, Childhood Touch and Current Positive Touch, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 57.12%. The 3-factor model had good validity and reliability. The TEAQ was positively correlated with social support, sense of security and well-being. There were demographic differences in sex and left-behind experience. We anticipate the simplified TEAQ will be a valuable tool for the research of touch among Chinese college students.

Effectiveness of Entrustable Professional Activity-Based Clinical Psychiatry Training for Indian Medical Interns: A Preliminary Study

Objective Entrustable Professional Activities (EPA) are discretely measurable specific professional tasks that integrate multiple competencies to define and provide varying levels of faculty support per trainee needs. Methods: We developed an EPA-based psychiatry curriculum for medical interns. Fifty-four interns completed the OSCE stations, Multiple Choice Questions, and Attitude questionnaires to assess EPAs, knowledge and attitudes towards the relevance and utility of clinical psychiatry in general practice. Results: Two weeks of EPA-based psychiatry training resulted in improvement in median scores on attitude questions (p < 0.05), clinical skills measured using EPA levels. Conclusions: EPA-based curriculum can improve clinical skills, knowledge, and attitudes towards clinical psychiatry in interns.

Teachers’ Classroom Management, Students’ Attitude and Home Environment: Predictors of Mathematics Performance

Mathematics performance is vital to students’ academic progress. This quantitative study investigated the predictors that influenced students’ performance in Mathematics, specifically the teachers’ classroom management, students’ attitudes, and their home environment. The sample size of 160 was drawn from a population of 272 and calculated using Raosoft sample size calculator, and purposive sampling was used to distribute questionnaires to students. The researchers used the descriptive-correlational research design. The researchers utilized three questionnaires to assess factors affecting students’ performance: the Teachers’ Classroom Management Questionnaire (with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.915), the Students’ Attitude Questionnaire (with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.963), and the Students’ Home Environment Questionnaire (with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.920). Additionally, students’ grades were also used as instrument. The statistical methods in the study were Mean, Standard Deviation, Frequency, Percentage, Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient, and Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis. The teacher’s classroom management was very good, students had positive attitudes and a good home environment, but mathematics performance was very poor. The teachers’ classroom management was not related to students’ performance in Mathematics. The students’ attitude was related to their performance in Mathematics in terms of value and self-efficacy. Additionally, it was found that there was no significant relationship between students’ home environment and their performance in Mathematics. The teachers’ planning and students’ value were the significant predictors of students’ performance in Mathematics. It was recommended that teachers prioritize well-prepared instruction and foster an understanding of the value of mathematics among students.

Exploring the Effectiveness of Two Tiers System of Instruction on Students’ Academic Performance in Basic Science

This study explored the impact of learner-instructor-interaction and conventional lecture methods on students’ academic performance in basic science in junior secondary schools in Lagos State Education District V, Nigeria. A non-randomized pre-test, post-test, non-equivalent quasi-experimental research design in two intact classes which comprised of 117 students with 50 in experimental group and 67 in control group from two randomly selected junior secondary schools in Amuwo-Odofin zone of the district was used. While students in the control group completed course assignments individually, students in the treatment group completed the assignments in small groups which enable effective students-instructor-interaction. Students’ Academic Performance Test (PAPT) and Students’ Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ) which were validated by two experts in science education with reliability of 0.79 and 0.87 were used for data collection. Analysis of Covariate (ANCOVA) was used to analyze the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significant. The results of the study revealed that learner-instructor has a statistically significant effect on students’ academic performances [F(1,115)=14.16; p&lt;0.05; ɳ2=0.54]. Students working collaboratively achieved significantly higher than those working individually. Finding also shows that student-instructor fostered a statistically significant positive attitude among learners [F(1,115)=0.58; p&lt;0.05; ɳ2=0.41]. Further finding revealed no statistically significant effect of learner-instructor interaction on students’ academic performance and attitude based on school type. According to the study’s findings, it is advised, among other things, that learners should be taught utilizing the three-tier system of instruction in order to improve their knowledge in terms of students’ learning results. The study concluded that learner-instructor-interaction had an impact on students’ academic performances to retention. These shows that students ‘academic performance is improved through learner-instructor interaction. This study recommends among others that, students should be taught through learner-instructor interaction in order to promote academic performance.

Социально-психологические детерминанты отношения различных социальных групп к беспилотному автомобилю как технологии будущего

Background. Despite the active development of self-driving transport technology conducted by leading companies around the world, people's attitude to such technology remains ambiguous. The problem of the attitudes of individuals and various social groups to this type of transport, as well as the specifics of the socio-psychological determinants of such attitudes, remain insufficiently studied. Objective. To study the socio-psychological determinants of attitudes toward unmanned vehicles depending on professional background, specifics of the residence place, and age group. Study Participants. The study involved 967 people aged 16 to 72 years (Mage = 25.95; SD = 11.83), including 260 men (27%) and 707 women (73%). Methods. Portrait Value Questionnaire, scale “Inclusion” of the Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation questionnaire, Ten-Item Personality Inventory, the methodology of “Trust/distrust of a person to the world, himself and other people”, a questionnaire of attitudes towards technology, the author's methodology for assessing attitudes towards autonomous vehicles. Results. It is shown that attitudes towards unmanned transport differ among people of different professional backgrounds, living in the cities with different population density, and belonging to different age groups. Multiple regression analysis revealed the intrapersonal predictors of such an attitude: an individual value profile, personality traits, basic trust, the need for inclusion in interpersonal communication, and a technical worldview. At the same time, the set of identified predictors depends on the socio-environmental and socio-demographic determinants. The data analysis allowed to develop an empirical model of socio-psychological determinants of a person's attitude towards an unmanned vehicle. Conclusions. The attitude towards an unmanned vehicle is determined by a number of socio-psychological determinants, which include intrapersonal (individual value profile, personality traits, basic trust, the need for inclusion in interpersonal communication and technical worldview), as well as external socio-environmental and socio-demographic determinants (professional background, place of residence and age specifics).

Communication Activities with Indigenous Content for Enhancing Speaking Skills of Undergraduate Students in ESL Classroom

This paper aims to study and equate the oral or verbal ability of the second-year students of B.Sc., Physics and Mathematics courses of Thiagarajar College, Madurai, by using three communication activities with indigenous content and also to analyze the learners' attitude during the period. The students are exposed to a learner-centered classroom that demands communication activities. This study uses communication activities with indigenous content. It is an experimental single-group pretest and posttest design. The subjects are forty-five students of second-year Physics and Mathematics courses. The quantitative data are obtained from speaking assessments and the attitude of learners. The research instruments consist of lesson plans, an oral communication competence test and an attitude questionnaire. In addition, this paper finds that these three activities, namely the Picture Description, Description of Video Clip and Asking and Answering Questions with indigenous components, could enhance the speaking ability of the undergraduate students and their attitude towards learning speaking skills in English. This study recommends that the second language teacher should focus on activities to enrich the learners' active vocabulary by providing indigenous content for better interaction and oral competence so that the teacher can deal with the second language classroom with communication activities with the native material.

AGILA (Araling Panlipunan Game-based Interactive Learning Activity): Boosting the Learning Attitudes of the Students

The use of game-based learning has emerged as an innovative educational strategy that promotes student motivation, emotional engagement, and enjoyment. gamification in education has been found to be popular and engaging among students. This study assessed the increase in students’ learning attitudes through the implementation and utilization of AGILA (Araling panlipunan Game-based Interactive Learning Activity) at Luis Hervias National High School in Villamonte, Bacolod City, focusing on Grade 10 Junior High School students enrolled for the school year 2022 – 2023. To gauge the participants’ reactions and experiences after engaging in game-based learning, the researchers utilized an adopted and modified survey questionnaire of game-based learning attitudes. The findings suggest that the students’ learning and interests are not enduring and impactful due to the limited range of modalities available for utilization. Most of the measured statements reflect only average results, indicating a lack of high engagement with the modular approach. Moreover, the AGILA brings about significant enhancements in students’ attitudes towards learning Araling Panlipunan. The mean results, which are based on the students’ capabilities and adjustments in game-playing, affirm the positive impact on the students’ learning experiences.

Prospective study of ABO and Rh blood group frequency and distribution among health-care professional students at Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan

Background: The presence of immunologically competent agglutinogens in ABO and Rhesus (Rh) system makes these blood groups clinically important. The distribution frequency of these blood groups in various geographical regions is essential for the maintenance of blood bank records, for research studies, etc. This helps in safe transfusion during emergency. Many population-based research works were conducted on the prevalence of blood agglutinogens. The lack of data on these blood antigens among young health-care professional students prompted the conduct of this study on blood groups. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to ascertain blood group frequencies among health-care professional students and to obtain prospective group of Rh-negative blood donor database. Materials and Methods: Research was accomplished on 400 health-care professional students of HIMS, Hassan, in department of physiology after going through knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaire. Blood grouping was done by collecting blood from participants by finger prick method on glass slides. Results: In participants, the most common blood group was O (40.8%) with decreasing prevalence of B (34.3%), A (18%), and AB (7%). The frequency of Rh-positive and negative groups was 95.5% and 4.5%, respectively. Conclusion: Among participants, blood group O and blood group AB was most and least common, respectively. The frequency of Rh positive was far higher compared to Rh-negative groups.

Developing knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire in desmoid tumours (KAPID study): applying e-Delphi to rare diseases.

Rare diseases are associated with unique challenges encountered in diagnosis, treatment and conduct of clinical research. Desmoid tumour (DT) is one such ultra-rare malignancy about which awareness among medical professionals remains limited. We developed a questionnaire to assess knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) among medical professionals on DT. E-Delphi method was used for the assessment of KAP for DT amongst clinical experts (experience of >/= 3 years in DT). 22 open-ended statements were developed by the core research group using current consensus guidelines. In round 1, experts provided subjective feedback which was incorporated into a 35-item questionnaire. Round 2 entailed experts giving feedback as a 5-point Likert scale classified into agreement (median score >/=4), neutral (median score 3) and disagreement (median score <3). Feedback from Round 2 was incorporated and questions with neutral consensus were modified. Questions in Round 3 achieved consensus if >/= 75% participants agreed. 11 (64.7%) of 17 contacted experts responded in Round 1 including 6 (54.4%) who gave additional inputs and 5 (45.6%) who agreed to all statements. In round 2, 8 out of 11 experts responded to the 35-item questionnaire on knowledge (n = 16), attitude (n = 8) and practice (n = 11). 32 questions obtained agreement and 3 (8.5%) had neutral consensus. These were modified for round 3, in which consensus on 2 (66.6%) was attained. The final questionnaire comprises 34 items with 15, 8 and 11 questions on in the sections of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP), respectively.

Assessing General Knowledge and Nutritional Knowledge on the Role of Vitamin D, Attitudes, and Behavior Toward Sun Exposure Among Tertiary Students in Oman

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among the Omani population, driven by factors such as urbanization, technology‐driven lifestyles, reduced physical activity, limited sun exposure, unhealthy eating habits, and genetic predispositions. Despite the year‐round availability of sunlight, there is limited understanding of the specific causes of this deficiency and effective strategies to mitigate it.Aim: This study aimed to develop and validate a knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) questionnaire on vitamin D and measure the KAP levels among students at Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) in Oman to inform preventive and educational measures.Methodology: A cross‐sectional study was conducted using a newly developed, self‐administered KAP questionnaire distributed online to a random sample of 1034 Omani students enrolled in various degree programs at SQU. The questionnaire was developed following a standardized protocol, including a literature review, focus group discussions, and expert input. Validity and reliability were assessed using Cronbach’s α coefficient (α ≥ 0.70), and normality was examined with the Shapiro–Wilk test. The 54‐item questionnaire was divided into three domains: general knowledge of vitamin D, nutritional knowledge, and attitudes and behavior toward sun exposure. Descriptive and variance analyses were performed, with qualitative data expressed as numbers and percentages.Results: The questionnaire demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.8057). Only 20.6% of the students had a good level of knowledge, 62% had an average level, and 17% had a poor level regarding vitamin D and its importance. The mean scores were 8.43 for general knowledge, 5.83 for nutritional knowledge, and 8.09 for attitudes and behavior toward sun exposure.Conclusions: The constructed questionnaire showed satisfactory validity and reliability. The study identified a generally poor level of knowledge about vitamin D among students, highlighting the need for targeted educational strategies to improve awareness and promote better health outcomes.

Telepsychiatry in Brazil: development, validation and application of a Knowledge, Attitude and Practice questionnaire

RESUMO Introdução: A telepsiquiatria, utilizada para oferecer a distância cuidados psiquiátricos, ganhou destaque durante a pandemia de Covid-19 e as regulamentações da telemedicina no Brasil. Este estudo visa avaliar o uso da telepsiquiatria entre psiquiatras brasileiros, utilizando questionários de Conhecimento, Atitude e Prática (CAP) para compreender os conhecimentos, as atitudes e as práticas relacionados. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivos construir, validar e aplicar um questionário para determinar o nível de conhecimento, atitude e prática dos psiquiatras brasileiros em relação à telepsiquiatria no último ano. Além de identificar fatores associados a conhecimento, atitude e prática adequados. Método: Realizou-se um estudo metodológico para a construção e validação do instrumento, seguido por um estudo transversal com um questionário de CAP analítico. Após a elaboração do questionário, especialistas em psiquiatria validaram o instrumento por meio do método Delphi. Posteriormente, o questionário foi distribuído a psiquiatras em todo o Brasil por meio de redes sociais e da Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria. A análise dos dados foi realizada no software Stata 12.1, com a utilização de análises estatísticas multivariadas de Poisson. Resultado: O questionário de CAP foi validado com alto grau de concordância entre especialistas. Dos participantes, 68,3% apresentaram conhecimento adequado, 80,1% atitude adequada e 81,2% prática adequada em relação à telepsiquiatria. A análise multivariada revelou associações significativas, como atitudes adequadas relacionadas à não prática em consultórios e atendimento a crianças, e práticas adequadas associadas ao atendimento de idosos e adolescentes. Conclusão: O estudo conclui que o questionário de CAP é válido e pode ser aplicado em estudos futuros. Destaca-se a importância da telepsiquiatria na prática dos psiquiatras brasileiros, com diferenças notáveis nas atitudes e práticas adequadas conforme a faixa etária dos pacientes atendidos. Esses resultados indicam a necessidade de considerar essas variáveis ao implementar a telepsiquiatria, contribuindo para orientar políticas de saúde mental e práticas clínicas específicas para diferentes grupos etários.

Conhecimento, atitude e prática de emergência pré-hospitalar e seus fatores de influência entre cuidadores de idosos: pesquisa transversal

Abstract Objective To investigate the status quo and analyze the influencing factors of the knowledge, attitude, and practice of pre-hospital emergency among caregivers for older adults. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 133 caregivers for older adults in Guangdong province, China, nursing homes were selected as survey participants from December 2021 to June 2022 via convenience sampling. All participants were administered a general information questionnaire and a Pre-Hospital Emergency Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Questionnaire. For data analysis, we used descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The scores on the knowledge, attitude, and practice dimensions were 24.65 ± 4.49, 24.52 ± 4.34, and 24.05 ± 4.67, respectively. Regression analysis showed that the age, professional skill level, and healthcare education experience of the caregivers were the main influencing factors of their pre-hospital emergency knowledge. Additionally, the presence/absence of direct participation in the pre-hospital emergency of the caregivers was the primary influencing factor of attitude, while education level and employment status were the factors mainly influencing pre-hospital emergency practice. Conclusion Caregivers for older adults currently have a low-to-medium level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of pre-hospital emergency. The main factors affecting the implementation of pre-hospital emergency for caregivers in China are their older age, low education levels, temporary employment and imperfect occupational security system.