Attitudes Of Residents Research Articles

Influence of Open Defecation-Free (ODF) Communication Efforts on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Residents of Selected States in South-South, Nigeria

Aim: To examine the influence of ODF communication intervention on knowledge, attitude and practice as precursor for sustainable ODF adoption.
 Study Design: Data was gathered using a mixed method. A total of 384 participants were selected from the South-South region using multistage sampling technique.
 Place and Duration: A total of eight communities were selected from four states (Cross River, Rivers, Delta and Bayelsa) in South-South Nigeria. The study was conducted between June and July 2019.
 Methodology: A total of eight focus group discussions were held, one in each community while 384 copies of questioners were administered, 48 for each community.
 Results: indicates high awareness (89%) of ODF but poor understanding. Significant difference in knowledge between those exposed and those not exposed to ODF communication intervention was revealed. Attitude to ODF was poor and insignificant between those exposed and those not exposed. Practice towards ODF initiative was manifest in the proper handling of child feaces, ownership and use of toilet while a binary logistic regression of demographic factors associated with the likelihood of practice towards ODF initiative revealed gender, education and age as the three strongest. Other factors impacting negatively on sustained ODF adoption are inappropriate and inadequate communication, denial of structural constraints and intervention systemic glitches.
 Conclusion: The relevance ODF communication intervention is established yet inappropriate and adequate application as well as other factors combines to obscure the full realization of its potential in improving defecation practices. A region specific ODF intervention and evidence based participatory communication approaches are recommended.

Rural Customs and Subjective Life Quality of Migrant Workers: Empirical Research Based on Dynamic Monitoring Data of Floating Population

The high-stage goal of new urbanization is to continuously improve the urban life experience of migrant workers as the main body of integration. This change in subjective perception factors is often based on the mental changes of migrant workers, and the subtle role of culture is also not to be ignored. The continuation of rural customs is often regarded as an unfavorable factor in the urban cultural adaptation of migrant workers, but its impact on the urban life experience of migrant workers has not yet been fully confirmed by experience.By constructing a comprehensive measurement index of rural customs, this article systematically evaluates the impact of rural customs on the subjective life quality, which is an important characterization of migrant workers’ urban life experience, from a theoretical and empirical level with the help of dynamic monitoring data of floating population. The research results show that: After correcting the potential endogenous errors, rural customs have a significant positive impact on the subjective life quality indicators such as life satisfaction, mental health, and social goodwill of migrant workers, which confirms the positive role of the native nature. The mechanism test results show that the retention of rural customs can make migrant workers more actively join the fellow villager associations at work sites. With the help of the resource support and risk-sharing function of cross-regional formal social network, the subjective life quality of migrant workers can be effectively improved. In addition, the promotion effect of rural customs on the subjective life quality of migrant workers will show a certain degree of heterogeneity due to the positive acceptance attitude of urban residents, and there are certain generational differences in this promotion effect. The policy implication of this article is to fully respect cultural diversity, shape the traditional cultural self-confidence of migrant workers, improve the cultural adaptability of migrant workers, and standardize the development of primary social network organizations for migrant workers in cities based on rural culture, which can help this group to better integrate into the urban society while retaining homesickness.The academic value of this article is mainly reflected in the following two aspects: On the one hand, this article strives to transition from focusing on the influencing factors of the cultural identity conversion of immigrants to analyzing the consequences of the rural-urban cultural impact of migrant workers within the integrated rural-modern analysis framework. It provides a possible perspective for studying the effect and mechanism of cultural inertia experienced by migrant workers. On the other hand, this article gives empirical evidence that traditional rural culture affects the subjective life quality of migrant workers, which has a certain reference value for understanding the cultural conflict theory or the cultural adaptation theory to explain the phenomenon of migrant workers’ cultural integration.

India’s Rural Medical Revolution: The Attitudes of Villagers to Village-Level Blood Testing in Maharashtra

This article explores the potential conflict between allopathic (‘Western’) medicine and rural beliefs in village goddesses, given that each demands blood for diagnostic purposes and sacrifices, respectively. Our objective is to understand the experiences and attitudes of rural residents to blood tests, blood donations and blood transfusions. We explore the specific question of the extent to which poor villagers in Wardha district, Maharashtra, might be supportive of or opposed to point-of-care blood testing at their doorsteps. We began by asking them about their religious practices, including the sacrifice of animals and offerings of blood to deities. Such values could affect their perspectives on human blood and allopathic medicine. After that, we asked whether they had any fears about modern medical treatments and technologies—such fears might be driven by anxieties about angering goddesses if human blood was used for non-sacred purposes. Our investigations took us into an inquiry about villagers’ experiences with hospitals. We came to realise that for villagers, despite the costs of hospital diagnosis and treatment, hospitalisation had become a source of new knowledge about blood. And, finally, we asked villagers what they thought about the value of point-of-care blood testing at their doorstep. We were told that the high cost of hospital treatment means that villagers support technologies that can be used at their doorstep and work towards improving their health and longevity.

Social care services for the homeless people based on the attitudes of residents towards homelessness

There is no Strategic Plan for tackling and preventing homelessness in Slovakia, which exacerbates the unsystematic process of social services for homeless people. For this reason, we point out the positives and negatives of the whole system. The research focuses on mapping the current situation of homelessness and describes the aid system under the auspices of the non-profit sector. The participants in the research were social and street workers who provide care and counseling for the homeless on an outpatient basis, on a residential basis or directly in the street where they live.

PERCEPTIONS OF LOCAL TOURISTS, ATTITUDES AND WILLINGNESS TO VISIT LOCAL DESTINATIONS: A DESTINATION IMAGE CASE

The paper made use of predictor variables to highlight relationships in tourism, these are: perceptions’ of local residents towards tourists and destination image; in an effort to identify how these predictors are relative to the mediator variable, attitudes’ of local residents towards tourists; which then lead to the outcome variable, tourists willingness to visit a destination. To enable the researcher to conduct this study, prior literature related to destination image, as well as the attitudes and perceptions of local residents were reviewed. Respondents were selected by means of probability sampling. A conceptualised model was developed to measure the variables adapted to the research study. The researcher conducted field research at The University of Witwatersrand, which included 270 respondents, currently registered at the university. The data set was analysed by employing SPSS and Amos 24 through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). It was confirmed by the results of the research that the attitudes of local residents had a stronger relationship than the perceptions of local residents towards tourists; influencing tourists’ willingness to visit a destination. This implies that tourists will visit a destination based on how they are treated by local residents, instead of how local residents perceive tourists. The study makes contributions to current research on local residents’ attitudes and perceptions towards tourists, and destination image, which influences tourists’ willingness to visit a destination.

THE NEEDS OF THE POPULATION OF KIROV REGION AS THE FACTOR OF THE TOURIST AND RECREATIONAL SPACE CREATION

The tourist and recreational needs of the population are major factors in the tourist and recreational space creation. The identification of needs should be systematic and involve all components of tourism and recreation. The relevance of this paper due to the need to provide scientific support to the processes of spatial planning and management of tourism and recreation in the Kirov region. The regulators currently overlook the recreation focusing only on tourism. The aim of this examination is study of the needs of Kirov region population and research on the specificities of the organization of recreational activities of the population in enterprises, in free time after work, on weekends and during long vacation. The survey has been used in order to achieve the objective. The survey was conducted among 2125 persons in online form. Several types of questions have been selected to identify features of inclusive and daily recreation, recreational activities on weekends and during long vacation. In addition, the attitude of residents to the advantages and disadvantages of rest within the Kirov region, the sums of money allocated for leisure and travel, and the attitude to services of travel firms were determined. The results have been found out the low level of satisfaction with leisure activities in the workplace, a lack of recreational areas and occasional breaks, which have a negative impact on overall productivity. The organization of recreational activities on weekends and vacation is less problematic for residents, but is often implemented in the cheapest and passive forms and on an independent basis. The research results can be used to improve the processes of territorial planning and management of the regional tourist and recreational system of the Kirov region.

Predicting Textile Recycling through the Lens of the Theory of Planned Behaviour

Management of textile waste is a growing challenge for many countries. In order to tackle this issue, countries are turning to recycle, which is treated as an efficient way to manage textile waste. This empirical research is the first study on the scale of Lithuanian households aimed to ascertain the predictors of textile recycling behaviour. The study involved a sampling research method in order to understand factors affecting textile recycling behaviours and attitudes of residents in Lithuania. Data from a sample of 391 households were analysed using structural equation modelling. The research indicated key factors stimulating textile recycling behaviour based on standard and extended versions of the theory of planned behaviour. Results have shown the usefulness of applying the traditional model of planned behaviour instead of the extended one in predicting intention to recycle textile waste. The outcome of this research contributes to the formulation of recommendations regarding the promotion of sustainable textile waste management.

Current Novel Caries Diagnostic Technologies: Restorative Dentists' Attitude and Use Preferences.

Early detection of caries lesions is key to a successful restorative dental treatment plan. The aim of this study was to investigate the preferences and attitude of graduate restorative dentistry residents (RDRs) regarding novel caries diagnostic technologies (NCDT) and to provide a brief overview of available technologies for both specialized and general dental practice. This cross-sectional study used an online questionnaire (17 questions) concerning RDRs’ attitude, preferences, and insights regarding five available NCDTs. It was distributed among twenty RDRs at a local government dental school following a review session about NCDTs. Collected responses were analyzed statistically using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-squared with Bonferroni correction, and Kruskal-Wallis tests at a 0.05 significance level. Sixty-five percent of RDRs reported an interest in NCDTs as a discussion topic and almost half of them were positive towards their use, however, sixty percent of respondents were hesitant to diagnose caries solely using NCDTs. Fiber-optic-transillumination (FOTI) systems were ranked the best overall and with regard to all the investigated criteria (p < 0.05). Chosen reasons for FOTI included price followed by ease of use. In general, high price rated as the most perceived reason for not choosing a given NCDT followed by low practical applicability. Meanwhile, ease of use followed by relevant application ranked as the main reported reasons to choose an NCDTs.

Community Perceptions of Tree Risk and Management

Urban forests (trees growing in urban and peri-urban areas, including villages and large cities) are vital to mitigating the effects of climate change and urbanization but require special considerations such as risk mitigation in developed landscapes. Despite abundant research on risk perceptions of natural hazards, there is limited knowledge about risk perceptions associated with urban trees. As such, this research examines community perceptions of urban tree risk mitigation with a focus on four cities in the U.S. south. To better understand risk perceptions and mitigation, this study employs key informant interviews with community members. Guided by a socio-ecological resilience framework, the findings identify factors affecting resident attitudes towards tree management on the individual parcel and the community levels. The findings benefit tree risk governance in the face of climate variability, which increases societal and environmental vulnerability in urban settings.

S1299 Gender-Specific Attitudes of Internal Medicine Residents Towards Gastroenterology

S1299 Gender-Specific Attitudes of Internal Medicine Residents Towards Gastroenterology

Parental Policy in OMS Residency Programs is Necessary but Unavailable: Cross-sectional Survey of OMS Resident Attitudes toward Parental Leave

Guidelines regarding parental leave in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) do not exist. This inconsistency may contribute to gender disparities and an increase in resident burnout. The purpose of this study was to examine perceptions and attitudes of OMS residents toward parental leave.This was a cross-sectional study in which an anonymous 28-item questionnaire was electronically mailed to all current residents in OMS residency programs in the United States during August 2020. The survey consisted of 5 sections: 1) resident demographics (age, gender, parental status), 2) residency program information (geographic location, MD/non-MD status), 3) parental policy information (presence of formal parental leave policy, time allowed for parental leave, requirements associated with time off, on-call duties for parental leave), 4) attitudes regarding parental leave (regarding additional on-call time, performance, emotions toward parental time off, program support during pregnancy), 5) resident well-being (lactation facilities, availability of childcare).Statistical analysis was completed using R statistical software (Version 4.0.3). Descriptive statistics were completed. Univariate analyses were performed using the Wilcoxon Rank Sum test for ordinal outcome and categorical exposure. Fisher exact test for categorical outcome and categorical exposure and the Spearman test to analyze correlation between an ordinal outcome and an ordinal exposure were conducted. Statistical significance was 2-sided P-values < .05.Surveys were sent to 860 OMS residents; 220 completed the questionnaire (25.6%). The majority of respondents were male (n = 156, 70.9%) between the ages of 26-30 (n = 114, 51.8%). Respondents had no children (n = 135, 61.4%), had at least 1 child during residency (n = 60, 27.3%), were currently expecting (n = 14, 6.4%), or had a child prior to residency (n = 11, 5%). Half of the respondents did not know whether their OMS program had a formal parental leave policy (n = 110, 50%). Almost one-third of OMS residents reported that their program did not have a policy regarding parental leave (n = 60, 27.3%). Some programs had a policy regarding parental leave (n = 38, 17.3%) or only regarding maternity leave (12, 5.5%). Most programs allotted 2-6 days (n = 26, 11.8%) or 1-2 weeks (n = 16, 7.3%) off.Residents felt that their co-residents usually gave enough notice for parental leave (n = 74, 33.6%). Pregnancy was reported to the program director in the first trimester (n = 25, 11.4%) or second trimester (34, 15.5%). Some residents reported no negative emotions from the program (n = 43, 19.6%) and co-residents regarding parental leave (n = 51, 23.2%). Most respondents felt that parental leave is fair in their program (n = 170, 77.3%). During parental leave, residents found support in family (n = 45, 20.5%), co-residents (n = 20, 9.1%), and/or attendings (n = 3, 1.4%).Some residents believed that becoming a parent positively impacted their performance (n = 28, 12.7%). Some residents believed that residency had a negative impact on their performance as a parent (n = 41, 18.6%). Parenthood did not prevent pursuit of fellowship training (n = 44, 20%). The majority of co-residents indicated that parenthood had a neutral (n = 64, 29.1%), negative (n = 18, 8.2%), or positive (n = 16, 7.3%) impact on the performance of their colleagues. Respondents indicated that their program/hospital has lactation facilities (n = 57, 25.9%) and/or childcare services (n = 47, 21.4%).The researchers found that most residents are supportive of parental leave despite the lack of a formal policy in their programs. For those residents who conceived during residency, the time allowed for parental leave was on average 1-2 weeks in length, considerably less than what is allowed in the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA). Additionally, parental status did not have an effect on a resident's decision to pursue fellowship training. In conclusion, parental leave guidelines within the OMS specialty are needed to support the integration of family with postgraduate OMS training and to encourage the pursue of the specialty.

“It’s that longitudinal relationship that pays off”: A qualitative study of internal medicine residents’ perspectives on learning to prescribe buprenorphine

Background: The opioid use disorder (OUD) epidemic is a national public health crisis. Access to effective treatment with buprenorphine is limited, in part because few physicians are trained to prescribe it. Little is known about how post-graduate trainees learn to prescribe buprenorphine or how to optimally train them to prescribe. We therefore aimed to explore the experiences and attitudes of residents learning to prescribe buprenorphine within two primary care-based opioid treatment models. Methods: We performed semi-structured interviews with second- and third-year internal medicine residents at an urban academic residency program. Participating residents practiced in clinics providing buprenorphine care using either a nurse care manager model or a provider-centric model. Subjects were sampled purposively to ensure that a diversity of perspectives were included. Interviews were conducted until theoretical saturation was reached and were analyzed using principles of thematic analysis. The research team developed a consensus code list. Each transcript was then independently coded by two researchers. The team then summarized each code and generated a set of themes that captured the main ideas emerging from the data. Results: We completed 14 interviews. Participants reported learning to prescribe buprenorphine through didactics, longitudinal outpatient prescribing, mentorship, and inpatient experiences. We characterized their attitudes toward patients with OUD, medication treatment of OUD, their own role in buprenorphine care, and future prescribing. Participants practicing in both clinical models viewed learning to prescribe buprenorphine as a normal part of their training and demonstrated positive attitudes toward buprenorphine prescribing. Conclusions: Longitudinal outpatient experiences with buprenorphine prescribing can prepare residents to prescribe buprenorphine and stimulate interest in prescribing after residency. Both nurse care manager and provider-centric clinical models can provide meaningful experiences for medical residents. Educators should attend to the volume of patients and inductions managed by each trainee, patient-provider continuity, and supporting trainees in the clinical encounter.

326 Resident Attitudes Towards Performing Pelvic Exams in the Emergency Department

Mounting evidence suggests that emergency physicians tend to avoid patients with gynecologic chief complaints. In one study of all emergency department (ED) visits, patient pickup time was 12 minutes for the chief complaint of vaginal bleeding compared to a median pickup time of 6 minutes for all other complaints (Patterson et al, AEM, 2016). A recent study found that male EM residents were less likely than female EM residents to assign themselves to patients with vaginal bleeding (Agarwal et al, AJEM, 2021). We hypothesized that an underlying reason could be discomfort with performing a pelvic exam. The goal of this study was to assess whether male EM residents report greater discomfort with pelvic exams than female EM residents. We performed a cross-sectional, IRB-approved survey of EM residents at five academic programs. Of 100 residents who completed the survey, 63 self-identified as male, 36 as female, and one selected “prefer not to say” and was excluded from analysis. Residents were asked about their personal comfort with performing pelvic exams, with response options of “very comfortable, ” “hesitate to do, ” “do not feel comfortable, ” or “avoid doing whenever possible.” Responses were compared between male and females using a chi-square test. In secondary analysis, we used a t-test to compare preferences for various chief complaints as well as frequency of performing pelvic exams. Self-reported comfort with pelvic exams did not differ significantly between males and females (p=0.4249). Females reported a slightly higher, though not statistically significant, number of pelvic exams performed over a span of five shifts (mean=2.1, CI=1.6-2.5) than males (mean=1.7, CI=1.3-2.0). Self-reported barriers for male respondents in performing pelvic exams include lack of training, general dislike, and concern that the patient will want a female provider. However, 67% (CI=54%-78%) of male residents reported supervised pelvic exams with faculty in the ED as part of their training, compared to 36% (CI=21%- 54%) of female residents. On a preference scale of 1-5, male residents had a statistically significant lower preference ranking for patients with a chief complaint of vaginal bleeding compared to female residents (mean difference=0.48, CI=0.11, 0.87). Preference ranking was the same between male and females on other chief complaints. There is a sex disparity among male and female EM residents in attitudes towards patients with vaginal bleeding. However, the results from this study do not demonstrate a significant difference in self-reported comfort amongst male and female residents in performing pelvic exams. This may be due to reporting bias, or this disparity may be driven by other barriers including self-reported lack of training and concern about patients’ physician sex preferences.

A Study on the Residents’ Attitudes towards Tourism: Also on the Tobacco Problem in Fengjian Watertown

Community residents are an important factor influencing the sustainable development of rural tourism destinations, and the attitudes of residents in tourism destinations have a significant impact on the development of rural tourism. This paper takes Fengjian Watertown, Shunde District, Foshan City as an example. It designs a scale from three dimensions including social capital, sense of place, and heritage protection, uses questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews to study the residents’ attitudes towards tourism, puts forward four hypotheses and verifies them one by one. It also extracts the representative ideas of residents from in-depth interviews and finds some problems in the development of tourism in Fengjian Watertown: complex attitudes of residents towards tourism, mentality imbalance of residents caused by capital intervention, no mutual complementation between tourism and business formats, weak cohesion of residential communities, losing trust in grassroots rural organizations, etc., And found that rural tourist destinations did not properly ban smoking in public places.

Perspectives of climate change: A comparison of scientific understanding and local interpretations by different Western Siberian communities.

We present a study of social effects of climate change as experienced by local communities, based on field research and analysis in Western Siberia, from southern taiga to tundra. The results of field anthropological research reveal different attitudes of local residents to climate change. We compare the key trends of climate change with the perspectives of local residents, based on memories, subjective experiences, and local environmental knowledge. Our results highlight a significant divergence of the subjective assessments of residents from objective data on the dynamics of changes in certain environmental elements. We explore how the human subjective perception of natural processes, their consequences and impacts, are influenced by such factors as: type of settlement, age, gender, level of education and how collective stereotypes and judgments merge information in attitude formation. We also address the need to reconcile observed climate change impacts and perceptions to enable decision-makers to engage more constructively with the local population to develop and implement adaptation.

A qualitative assessment of emergency medicine residents' receptivity to feedback.

Effective feedback is the cornerstone of competency-based education. The emergency department (ED) is a unique learning and feedback environment. Developing our understanding of emergency medicine (EM) residents' experiences around feedback will improve resident training and inform EM faculty development programs. This qualitative study explores the feedback culture and practices in EM and resident's experiences and attitudes toward feedback in this specific training environment. At a large categorical EM program, 15 residents voluntarily participated in semistructured interviews regarding feedback. These individual interviews were performed by a nonphysician investigator and transcripts underwent an inductive multistep coding process. Transcripts were analyzed to identify common factors influencing feedback and then comparisons were made between residents to explore the interconnectedness of identified factors and further categorize consistent themes. Factors inherent to the ED environment make the delivery of effective feedback challenging. Residents also revealed that feedback-seeking/-avoidant behavior and receptivity to feedback are multifactorial. Residents actively seek feedback when they feel that they performed well but tend to avoid feedback interactions when they expect constructive feedback. Finally, residents filter feedback based on attending personality and perceived practice style as well as their own desired practice style. It is important for program leaders to understand their residents' experiences with feedback and engage both faculty and residents in conversations around feedback delivery and receptivity. An improved understanding of these experiences might also reveal barriers to performance assessment and guide efforts to improve the accuracy and reliability of resident evaluations.

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Chinese residents under the free vaccination policy.

This study aimed to assess the attitudes of Chinese residents toward COVID-19 vaccines and explore the potential drivers for Chinese residents' vaccine hesitancy. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from February 16 to March 16, 2021, by administering an online questionnaire to the Chinese residents. Of 5240 residents who completed the survey, 464 (8.9%) participants reported to have had one shot, and 348 (6.6%) reported to have had 2 shots. At the time the questionnaire was administered, 2298 (43.9%) participants reported they wanted to get vaccinated, while 2255 (43.0%) declared that they still did not know, and 687 (13.1%) respondents declared vaccine refusal. Overall, 2255 (43%) participants were categorized as vaccine hesitancy. Female participants (p=0.000), <20 years old (p=0.000), have low risk of COVID-19 (p=0.000) infection and strong associations of vaccine hesitancy. eHealth literacy was a protective factor. The results of this study show high rates of vaccine hesitancy in China. This could pose a serious threat to the preventive measures that aimed at controlling COVID-19 spread in the country. The government and different media platforms should encourage the dissemination of correct information about vaccines, the communities and medical staff to improve residents' knowledge about vaccines, and strive to improve residents' electronic health literacy.

ВЛИЯНИЕ МИГРАЦИОННЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ НА ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА И КАПИТАЛА СЕВАСТОПОЛЯ

The article presents the results of the analysis of the impact of the migration factor on the dynamics of the human potential of the Sevastopol region. The huge migration growth in the city of Sevastopol over the past three years is of great interest for the study. This phenomenon cannot but influence the magnitude of the human potential of the region, the attitude of city residents to this phenomenon, as well as its network component.&#x0D; The conclusions made as a result of the study include: 1) migration processes occurring in the region have a huge impact on all components of regional human potential, strengthening or weakening its network social component, which underlies the structure of potential, 2) analysis and calculation of indicators showed that degradation (loss) of human potential indicators is taking place in Sevastopol, in particular, a number of factors influencing the migration growth, as well as the problems of the indigenous population associated with migration processes, were identified. 3) The study revealed a widespread hostility towards migrants among city dwellers, with whom many associate an increase in crime, a complication of the situation on the labor market and other negative trends.

Parental Policy in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residency Programs Is Necessary but Not Available: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residents' Attitudes Toward Parental Leave

Guidelines regarding parental leave in oral and maxillofacial surgery do not exist. This inconsistency may contribute to gender disparities and an increase in resident burnout. The purpose of this study was to examine perceptions and attitudes of oral and maxillofacial surgery residents toward parental leave. This was a cross-sectional study in which an anonymous 26-item questionnaire was electronically mailed to all current oral and maxillofacial surgery residents in the United States during August 2020. The survey consisted of 5 sections: 1) resident information, 2) residency program information, 3) parental policy information, 4) attitudes regarding parental leave, and 5) attitudes regarding early parenthood. Surveys were sent to 860 oral and maxillofacial surgery residents; 220 completed the questionnaire (25.6%). Majority of respondents were male between the ages of 26 and 30. Half of the respondents did not know whether their oral and maxillofacial surgery program had a formal parental leave policy. Almost a third of residents reported that their program did not have a policy regarding parental leave. Only some programs had a policy regarding parental leave. Most programs allotted 2 days to 2 weeks for parental leave. Parenthood did not prevent pursuit of fellowship training. The majority of co-residents indicated that parenthood had a neutral impact on the performance of their colleagues. Lactation facilities and/or childcare services were not present in all programs. Most oral and maxillofacial surgery residents support parental leave despite the lack of a formal policy in their residency program. Residents who had a child during residency received up to 2 weeks as parental leave. Residents felt that their programs were supportive of parental leave. Parenthood did not prevent the pursuit of fellowship training.

The Welch Emotional Connection Screen: Adapting observational methods to pediatric primary care via resident training

The Welch Emotional Connection Screen (WECS) is a novel instrument that is a brief, practicable, evidenced-based observational screening tool for assessing relationship health between parent and child. The WECS requires observing 2−3 min of face-to-face interactions between parent and child, without toys, prompts, paradigms or technology. Here, we describe a translational project from the coding lab to the primary care provider via a residency training program conducted with 50 residents during a 30-day developmental and behavioral pediatrics medical resident education rotation. The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of WECS pediatric resident training: 1) to improve residents' accuracy in recognizing the dyadic behaviors of emotional connection (EC) via WECS training; and 2) to improve residents' attitudes, self-efficacy, and perceived professional norms (ASPPN) pertaining to Early Relational Health in Pediatrics. Results indicate that using a rapid prototyping approach to training, residents improved in their identification of dyads showing low to midrange levels of emotional connection. As well, resident attitudes about the importance of relationship health in pediatrics and their self-efficacy in identifying emotional connection improved significantly after this brief resident training.