Attitude Of Government Research Articles

Addressing Unemployment through Entrepreneurship and Skill Acquisition

Nigeria like any other African State witnessed massive unemployment issue. This issue has been a topic of discussion in most national dailies. Every year, huge number of graduates from universities, colleges of education and polytechnics as well as secondary schools are graduated without job to do. All efforts made by the government to address the issue of unemployment become abortive. Scholars blamed increased in population as well as nonchalant attitudes of past government as the brain behind this ugly situation. In this view, the paper discusses the role of entrepreneurship, skill acquisition in meeting sustainable development in Nigeria. However, the paper uses secondary source of data such as journals, E-books to collect data to back up the present topic of discussion. In addition to this, the paper found out that increases in crime rate such as Burglary, armed robbery, kidnapping and insurgency are likely effects of unemployment in Nigeria, and these problems can be solved via entrepreneurship and skill acquisition among youths. Also contained in the paper are the challenges facing entrepreneurship and skill acquisition in Nigeria to mention few among others include insufficient funding, lack of infrastructures inadequate power supply, bribery and corruption as well as access to credit facilities. Conclusively, the paper recommends among others; provision of soft loan to citizens in order to enable them embark on their business as well as incorporating vocational courses in all educational system or level in the country.

Getting a Foot in the Door: Lessons for the UK from Australian and New Zealand Approaches to Trade Union Right of Entry

Abstract British trade unions currently have limited statutory scope to enter workplaces and access the workers therein. The importance of facilitating union access has been repeatedly recognised in Australia and New Zealand, where substantive rights of entry are enshrined in legislation. The British Labour Party has recognised the importance of allowing unions to enter workplaces and committed to introducing statutory entry rights as an election promise. This article examines whether the Australian or New Zealand legislative schemes could be used as a blueprint for drafting equivalent British legislation. A comparison of the respective regimes reveals that the Australian laws are more regulated, restrictive and complex than the New Zealand provisions. The article ultimately advocates for the New Zealand legislation to be used as a model framework if analogous rights are enacted in Britain, but acknowledges that some features of the Australian regime might be attractive to employers and stakeholders who are cautious about expanding union rights. The Australian and New Zealand provisions have been subject to frequent reform since their enactment, mirroring the attitudes of successive governments towards trade unions. Any equivalent rights introduced in Britain will likely follow a similar trajectory over time.

Вопрос народного образования в деятельности городской думы Чистополя конца XIX – начала XX века

The article examines the issue of the attitude of city governments to the development of education in the late 19th and early 20th century on the example of the county town of Chistopol. The purpose of the study is to identify the main trends in the activities of the City Duma in the field of education during the period under review. The public administration allocated a significant part of its budget for education, much like the provincial city of Kazan. Although Chistopol, due to its large population, lagged behind many other county towns in terms of education coverage, the Duma tried its best to increase the number of schools. Great importance was attached to secondary education, both male and female. Repeated attempts were made to transfer secondary educational institutions to a higher level – from gymnasiums to gymnasiums, which was done at the beginning of the 20th century. Funds were allocated for the development of vocational education and Russian classes at the madrasah. As a result of the research, the author concludes that the activities of the City Duma contributed to the significant development of the educational network of Chistopol. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that in historiography, as a rule, either the provincial city or the county towns of the entire province as a whole are considered. Meanwhile, county towns were not a homogeneous phenomenon, they could differ significantly in size, economic structure, and social composition. The study of the educational policy of Chistopol allows us to more fully identify the trends inherent in a particular county town, and in the future, with the accumulation of similar material for other cities, to identify similar and distinctive characteristics of each of them.

Mapping Egyptian Translations of Israeli Literatures: Evolution, Attitudes, and Themes

This study delves into the intricate realm of Egyptian translations of Hebrew and Israeli literatures, illuminating the various attitudes of the Egyptian government, intellectual elite, and educated populace toward cultural normalization with Israel. Analyzing a corpus of over a hundred translations spanning different genres, this research outlines turning points in the evolution of translation practices from the establishment of Israel to the present day. The study unveils a complex interplay between politics, culture, and public sentiment, illustrating how translations serve various roles, ranging from instrumental polemic tools in the Israeli–Arab conflict to avenues for cultural openness and familiarity. While the prevailing norm involves refraining from publicly endorsing normalization with Israel, government policy reflects a nuanced approach that balances anti-normalization sentiments at the official level with private sector flexibility. By exploring the selection criteria governing translation, the research provides valuable insights into the preferences of the Egyptian reading public and its perceptions of Israel, peace, and intercultural exchange.

Analysis of Farmers’ Willingness to Land Transfer in Collective Land Construction Rental Housing Projects

The policy of using collective land to build rental housing was first implemented in 2017 in the context of the Chinese government’s proposal of “housing for living, not speculation”. However, due to the constraints of laws and regulations, the attitudes of local governments and social capital, and the attitudes of collective economic organizations, the progress of pilot projects varies from city to city. This paper selects the Nanjing Zhetang project and analyzes the factors affecting the willingness of rural households in the collective economic organizations to which the pilot project belongs to the land transfer through the framework of Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD). Finally, it is concluded that the strength of the collective economic organization of the pilot project, the traditional concept of land acquisition of farmers, and the concern of farmers about the unfair distribution of expected benefits jointly affect the attitude of farmers towards land transfer in the market. Finally, relevant suggestions are given to provide reference for other pilot projects in China.

Barriers to the Development of Art Tourism in Jingdezhen—The Perspective of the ‘Jingpiao’ Community

Jingdezhen, renowned as the cradle of Chinese ceramic art, has embraced new opportunities in the realm of art tourism amidst the global tourism boom. Nonetheless, this growth trajectory is fraught with challenges. This study aims to delve into the obstacles encountered in the development of art tourism in Jingdezhen and to identify the critical influencing factors through qualitative research methods, particularly grounded theory. By conducting in-depth interviews with ‘Jingpiao’ artists who have worked in the art industry in Jingdezhen for three years or more and have interacted with tourists, this research reveals that economic, infrastructure, human resources, government attitude, policy and regulation, promotion, and transportation are significant factors affecting the development of art tourism in Jingdezhen. These factors intertwine to form a complex system that impacts the sustainable development of art tourism in the region. The findings underscore the need for concerted efforts among government, businesses, and artists to optimise these key factors, thereby creating a more conducive environment for the development of art tourism in Jingdezhen. Moreover, this study offers valuable insights and lessons for the development of art tourism in other regions.

GEOPOLITICAL CHALLENGES OF POST-ELECTION TURKEY: THE ISSUE OF REFUGEES FROM SYRIA

Due to its geostrategic position, Turkey has taken in a large number of Syrian refugees since 2011. As a result, the country currently has the largest number of refugees in the world, which has had significant repercussions for domestic and foreign policies, as well as the socio- economic situation. Turkey's 2023 election campaign focused on the Syrian refugee crisis, with Erdogan and the opposition presenting their approaches to solving the problem. The outcome of the elections had a far-reaching impact on millions of Syrian refugees, drawing enormous attention from both the Turkish public and the international community as a whole. This media- based qualitative study examines the implications of Turkey's policy on Syrian refugees, particularly in the context of the May 2023 elections. The study analyzes the current status of refugees in Turkey and the attitude of the Syrian government towards them. It examines the changing positions of Turkey's new government and provides a comprehensive understanding of the region's complex political dynamics and current challenges. Erdogan's re-election appears to have ended his willingness to negotiate with Damascus, suggesting he remains skeptical that Damascus will be able to solve its key problems, particularly its ability to stem PKK attacks from northeastern Syria if Turkey withdraws its troops. However, as the 2024 municipal elections approach, it is clear that Erdogan's Syria policy will once again be in the spotlight. The stakes will be high for all political actors, and the outcome of the election could have a major impact on the future direction of Turkish foreign policy. The study concludes that one of the key factors influencing Turkey's anti-refugee attitude is the host society's concern about the current impact of refugees on the country's economic, social, and cultural structure. The results of this study also show that, in addition to internal factors, other factors can strongly influence the future direction of Turkish policy toward Syrian refugees. In particular, the inadequate solution to the refugee problem at the global level, the unstable influence of the EU, but also other international aspects, including the interests of Russia, are emphasized.

Have low emission zones slowed urban traffic recovery after Covid-19?

This paper bridges the gap between the literature on the pandemic’s effects on mobility and the literature on the impact of low emission zones (LEZ). Using data for large European cities in the period 2018–2021, we examine whether LEZs may explain differences in the recovery patterns of traffic in European cities after the shock of Covid. Controlling for several city attributes, we examine whether LEZ cities are less congested before and after the pandemic in comparison to non-LEZ cities. LEZs may have been more effective in reducing congestion after the pandemic because the fleet renewal process has slowed down or, alternatively, LEZs may be a proxy of unobservable factors related with attitudes of governments and citizens toward a sustainable mobility. Our results validate the traffic-mitigating role of the LEZ after the Covid-19 pandemic, although such result only holds for the pioneering LEZ cities. Hence, the traffic-mitigating role of the LEZ after the Covid-19 pandemic seems to be related to unobservable attributes that influenced the early decision to implement a LEZ. In this regard, we also find that LEZs may have induced a change in local attributes related to sustainable mobility given that we do not find differences between LEZs decided at the local or regional level.

The Government Cookbook

The publication of what is, although not so labelled, the British Government Cookbook, is something of a sensation. Alan Davidson here deals with one aspect, the straightforward political one - how did Mr Major and the Conservative Party get into our kitchens without anyone noticing? But there are many other aspects which deserve study and may receive it. The light which the content of the book casts on the government's attitude to the composition of Britain's population (no ethnic groups mentioned, but five religious ones briefly described); the implications of the complete papering over of any dietary or culinary differences between the countries and regions of the UK; all this and much more is still to be analysed. Meanwhile, Davidson addresses the outstanding topical issue.

COMPLIANCE AND RUSSIAN LEGISLATION ON MISSIONARY ACTIVITY IN THE 19TH CENTURY

The article is devoted to the issue of legal regulation of missionary activity in the Russian state in the 19th century. We study the problem of the attitude of the Russian government to non-Orthodox confessions through the prism of such categories as “missionary work”, “proselytism”, “freedom of religion”. The article analyzes the main legislative documents of the specified period of time, which restrict the actions of non-Orthodox confessions, first of all, missionary activity, despite the proclaimed freedom of conscience and religion. The author comes to the conclusion that all the actions of the Russian government in the specified period of time were aimed at maintaining limited compliance, based on maintaining the dominant position of the Russian Orthodox Church and preventing the spread of non-Orthodox beliefs within the Russian state.

SOVET HUKUMATI DAVRIDA ISLOM DININING HOLATI VA RUHONIYLARNING QATAG‘ON QILINISHI

The article analyzes the information related to the Soviet government's attitude to religion and its violent policy and repression of religious people from a historical perspective based on reliable sources.

The Weight of History After October 7 and the Gaza War: Shaping a New Future

Abstract The trauma of the October 7 massacre for Israelis and the catastrophe that Gazans have experienced in the subsequent war mark a new stage in the Palestinian–Israeli conflict. While October 7 and indeed the Israeli response are exceptional, we cannot overcome their consequences without addressing the root of the conflict. Calls for an immediate ceasefire are understandable but fall into the trap of seeing the solution as being a military decision. This echoes to the attitude of the current Israeli government which poses the response to October 7 as a military one. A new international political initiative is required to change the atmosphere by setting the goal of resolving the conflict on the basis of self-determination for both Israelis and Palestinians. That needs to inform the approach we adopt to ending the current conflict by replacing Hamas and Israel in Gaza with an international security mechanism.

“System change, not climate change”: Effective environmental policies and state repression moderate the relationship between psychological predictors and environmental collective action

Social psychological research on environmental collective action often overlooks the facilitating or hindering impact of a country’s context. The institutional attitudes of governments toward environmental issues can play a crucial role in mobilizing environmental activism. To explore how individual and contextual factors interplay for engagement in environmental collective action, we conducted multilevel modelling using data from 12 countries (n = 18,746). While the engagement in environmental collective action was predicted by stronger environmental concern and environmental efficacy beliefs, the strength of these relationships was moderated by macro-level contextual variables related to political governance. In countries with more effective environmental policies, both environmental concern and environmental efficacy beliefs had a stronger impact on collective action compared to the countries with inadequate environmental governance. Moreover, our findings indicated that environmental concern is less likely to translate into environmental collective action in repressive countries. Findings are discussed within the frameworks of community resilience, identity, empowerment, and repression.

Religious Moderation: An Analysis of Understanding, Internet and Social Media Exposure and Social Interaction Systems

<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Religious moderation is launched because it concerns the order of life of the nation and state, where the internet and social media become a platform for any dynamic public discussion and change perspectives and practices in religious harmony. This study examines access to information about religious moderation through the internet and social media (WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Line) as the most widely used platforms in Indonesia and the influence of exposure to its content on understanding and the system of relational interaction among university students.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Explanatory quantitative survey method with factor and regression analysis to explain the dominant factors and the magnitude of the influence of exposure to religious moderation content on students' understanding and interpersonal relationships.</p><p><strong>Findings:</strong> That student quite often access information about religious moderation on social media through WhatsApp and Instagram. Issues related to national commitment, tolerance, intolerance, violence, radicalism, government attitudes, regulations and their consequences, correlate with the dogmatism factor. The findings show that it is not easy to change one's religious beliefs, and this should be respected. So what remains is to find common ground and give a positive impression so that social interactions continue to run normally.</p><p class="normal"><strong>Originality:</strong> The research presents a novelty in the perspective of communication science on the understanding of religious moderation and its correlation with the interpersonal interaction system in students from non-religious campuses. Where previously religious moderation was widely studied in the perspective of language, civilization, humanity, culture, education and with subjects from religious campuses, especially Islam.</p>

Hindutva Politics and the Making of Extreme Precarity

Abstract This article investigates the intersection of Hindutva politics and Bharatiya Janata Party policies concerning Rohingyas in India. Analyzing the government’s approach through official statements, legislative measures, and implementation strategies, it aims to uncover the factors shaping BJP policies toward Rohingyas. Additionally, it explores the Rohingya community’s perspectives on government attitudes, political dynamics, and implemented policies, providing a nuanced understanding of the policies’ impact. By shedding light on the intricate interplay between political ideology and refugee governance, the article contributes to a deeper understanding of migration, identity politics, and governance challenges in contemporary India. Scrutinizing the interweaving threads of political philosophy and refugee management, the research not only documents the current situation but also offers insights into broader implications for India’s political landscape and the lived experiences of the Rohingya community. This exploration is a crucial step toward understanding the evolving socio-political landscape in India concerning the Rohingya refugee crisis.

Цифровое неравенство в системе местного самоуправления: понятие, критерии, пути преодоления

Introduction. Since the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries, all areas of social management, including public management, have been seriously influenced by modern digital technologies, which, on the one hand, create new opportunities to increase the efficiency of management activities; on the other hand, they pose certain risks, potentially provoking digital inequality. The article presents an analysis of the prerequisites and causes of digital inequality in municipalities. The criteria for such inequality are identified and generalized. An attempt was made to find out the attitude of local governments and citizens, living under digital lockdown, towards the digital transformation of public administration and local economy. Proposals have been made to level the digital divide in municipalities. Theoretical analysis. The problem of digital inequality has been the focus of attention of researchers for over 20 years. However, the scientific discourse on digital inequality is still fragmented: there is no universal interpretation of this phenomenon in the theoretical aspect; there are no uniform parameters for measuring it, and no algorithm for overcoming it has been developed. It is noted that approaches to understanding digital inequality and its consequences have undergone major changes: from unhindered access to the Internet to a person’s request to use digital resources, including those in the field of local government. Empirical analysis. The analysis of the legal regulation of digital transformation was carried out. As a result, it was concluded that flexible or “soft” legal regulation of the digitalization of public administration currently prevails. It is indicated that a special federal law regulating the process of digital transformation in the public administration system and in the local government system, respectively, has not been adopted in the Russian Federation. The criteria for assessing the digital inequality of Russian subjects, the possibility and feasibility of scaling them to the level of local government were analyzed. Results. Based on the results of the study, it is shown that at the local government level, digital inequality is an urgent problem that has a complex technological, socio-economic, socio-cultural and legal nature. It has been proven that there has been a transformation in the essence and understanding of digital inequality: from the problem of access to digital technologies to ensuring equal conditions for citizens to exercise their constitutional rights through such technologies, including the right to local self-government. A proposal for a special program approach has been made to overcome the digital divide in municipalities.

Institutional Quality and Combating Abuse of Illicit Drugs in Nigeria: How Has National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) Fared?

Drugs abuse in Nigeria. The major objective of the study is to assess the efforts of NDLEA in fighting illicit drugs criminals; identify its challenges and to proffer solutions. The study adopted dual methods of data collection and data analysis; both primary and secondary data were collected for the investigation. Data collection was done through questionnaire for primary data and library instrument for secondary data. Furthermore, multiple statistical packages were utilized for the analysis of both primary and secondary data. Based on the analysis, the paper found inter alia; that NDLEA works hard in fighting the illicit drugs abuse but its efforts are subtly undermined by the lackadaisical attitude of Government in terms of lack of political will to dismantle illicit drugs cartel friendly with Government; that NDLEA is in dire need of sophisticated, hi-tech operational paraphernalia to enable it match the games of drugs criminals. Based on the findings, the paper recommended amongst others; the Government should support the illicit drugs fighting agency with political will so that the taproot (cartel) of illicit drugs abuse in Nigeria could be uprooted; the agency should be regularly equipped with state-of-the-art operational devices with regular employment, training and retraining of staffers to update them with modern data and technicalities for effective war against illicit drugs abusers.

Central policy attitudes and innovation diffusion of local government: the case of China's river chief system.

The central government's policy attitude will affect local governments' innovation adoption behavior, but the diffusion process is not static, which shows dynamic changes. This essay illustrates the spreading process of the Chinese River Chief System (RCS). It discusses how the factors influencing the diffusion of the RCS alter dynamically under various policy attitudes of the central government by using the segmented Event History Analysis (EHA) and Piecewise Constant Exponential (PCE) models. The results found that, under the central government's implicit policy attitude, peer city pressure and official promotion increase the probability of adoption of the RCS. When the central government's policy encourages the attitude, intra-city factors and peer city pressure affect the diffusion of the RCS. Still, official promotion is no longer an influential influencing factor. All three factors are no longer practical when the central government introduces mandatory regulations. In addition, vertical higher-level pressure and horizontal peer city pressure on adopting the RCS are competitive rather than complementary relationships. Local governments' attitudes regarding the RCS went through a path of "good governance signal-governance tool-authority obedience" under the varied policy philosophies of the central government. Local governments pay more attention to the actual circumstances in the region due to the non-mandatory central government direction, which advances the art of adopting policies. Contrarily, the central government's stipulations render the other factors' policies obsolete.

Revitalisasi Pasar: Apa Selanjutnya?

Market revitalization is not only physical development. Management, economic and social development is needed. The phenomenon of contemporary coffee shops appearing in traditional markets has attracted researchers to identify market revitalization problems. The aim of this research is to identify problems regarding revitalization. The research perspective is what the problem is, what is the government's attitude and what is the orientation of policy holders. Literature review method to verify data related to the implementation of revitalization in a number of markets. Shows that there are still problems such as communication and perceptions about revitalization, while policy holders have shown a clear policy direction. Market classification and revitalization that must be carried out.

The Impact of Taxation on High-tech Enterprises in Environmental Protection

With the rapid development of technology worldwide, competition in innovation capabilities among various industries is becoming increasingly fierce. Taxation, as a bridge connecting corporate behavior and government attitudes, plays an important role in assisting the development of high-tech enterprises and promoting technological progress in the industry. Therefore, exploring the most suitable tax preferential policies is a particularly crucial measure. In existing research, we can conclude that preferential taxation can promote research and development investment, improve innovation capabilities, and promote technological progress in high-tech enterprises. This paper mainly studies the effect of tax incentives on high-tech enterprises in environmental protection. While reaching similar conclusions, it is believed that tax incentives in this industry can promote technological innovation while protecting the environment, which is different from the external effects of other industries. It also points out the possible problems in implementing tax incentives for the environmental protection of high-tech enterprises from both the enterprise and government levels and proposes corresponding solutions.