Attitude Of Government Research Articles

Estimates of Trade Based Money Laundering within the European Union

ABSTRACT This paper applies a Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes Model to benchmark trade-based money laundering (TBML) activity for 26 European Union member countries between 2005 and 2015. Results indicate substantial TBML levels in the region averaging between $0.9 to $1.8 trillion USD annually. Surprisingly, we also find that TBML is a complement to traditional money laundering activities. Policies focusing on deterring traditional money laundering and tax evasion are associated with reduced TBML activity in the region. Aggressive government attitude towards traditional money laundering and illicit drug trade, without effectively reducing the illicit proceeds, can deter the detection of money laundering and increase TBML.

Традиції самоврядності козацької України в контексті інтеграційних практик Російської імперії: новації XVІІІ ст.

The author attempts to ascertain the attitude of the central government of the Russian Empire to the self-governing traditions and practices of the autonomous Cossack state, in particular regarding the election of the Cossack administration, as well as examining what depended on this approach. The issue is analyzed both at the level of legal regulation and in the field of real practices. An emphasis is placed on the reign of Peter I, when the practice of direct appointment to seniority in Ukraine by decrees of the Tsar, Senate and other institutions of power of the Russian Empire became widespread, thereby bypassing the legal norms and traditions of the Hetmanate. The intensification of the imperial center's interference in the field of personnel appointments in the Hetmanate correlated with the general trends of changing the political course towards Ukrainian autonomy in the post-Mazepa Age. This article attempts to identify the consequences of this intervention in the sense of power disorganization in Ukraine and the discrediting of the self-governing traditions of the Cossacks.

Development of Antarctic Scientific Research and International Scientific Cooperation of China

The purpose of this article is to summarise the current attitude of the Chinese government to Antarctic scientifc research and to characterise Antarctic scientifc research carried out by China as a non-Antarctic country by reviewing the performance of Antarctic scientifc expeditions and scientifc research in China over the last forty years.The author approaches the study from the perspective of three aspects. Firstly, there is a reviewof Chinese government documents of recent years on China’s activities in Antarctica. Particular attention is paid to scientifc research and the Chinese government’s attitude to China’s research activities in Antarctica. Secondly, the history of the development of Chinese scientifc research in the Antarctic is considered. The path traveled by China is described, from sending the frst expeditionary group to Antarctica to the creation of research institutes, higher educational institutions and participation in international cooperation and scientifc programs. Finally, the characterization of the frst two aspects allows the author to analyze the achievements, shortcomings and peculiarities of China’s research activities and international cooperation in Antarctica. The author suggests the relevance of scientifc cooperation and development of research activities in this region from the point of view of China’s strategic interests.The review of ofcial documents made public by the Chinese government in recent years allows the author to use the method of historical analysis to systematically summarize the country’s research activities in Antarctica and study the history of scientifc research. The paper also applies such methods of scientifc research as comparative analysis and statistical analysis.

Narrative Policy Framework: Presidential Threshold Policy Toward the 2024 Election

General elections are interpreted as a concrete manifestation of the implementation of democracy in Indonesia. However, the use of the Presidential Threshold is a matter of debate ahead of the 2024 General Election. The issue related to the Presidential Threshold has become a hot issue reported by the Indonesian media. The media have an essential role in shaping public narratives related to policymaking. The part of public records can create collective awareness by providing information about actors' choices in making a policy decision. This study aims to analyze how policymaking actors in Indonesia make decisions regarding using the Presidential Threshold in the 2024 General Election seen from the public narrative formed in the media. A Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) study will be conducted to describe and explain the structure of political narratives in policymaking. This study uses a qualitative research method with a QDAS (Qualitative Data Analysis Software) approach. The data sources in this study came from reputable online media in Indonesia. Research findings show that the government's attitude toward the House of People's Representatives (DPR) as policymakers does not waver towards implementing the 20% Presidential Threshold in the upcoming 2024 elections. However, the narrative built on the media regarding implementing the Presidential Threshold is more dominated by the contrast. This is inseparable from the political interest ahead of the 2024 general election. Namely, to carry and win presidential and vice-presidential candidates who are supported by each political actor involved.

PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI PESANTREN

Pesantren has long been known as an Islamic institution in Indonesia has a significant role in the intellectual life of the nation, in the world of education, especially in Islamic education. During the colonial period, pesantren was highly hostile and suspected by the colonizers, moreover, the pattern and education system contained in the pesantren had its uniqueness which always faced vis a vis the secular education brought by the colonizers. After Indonesia's independence, pesantren were often suspected of having anti-Indonesian government attitudes. Pesantren at the beginning of its development, apart from being a tafaqquh fiddin institution, whose function was to broadcast religion by providing a place for religious learning, a social institution that taught various things about mental education and its maintenance. The approach in this study is literature with a literature review, the results of the study found that Islamic boarding schools experienced changes and developments from time to time, there were shifts in values, structures, views in every aspect of pesantren, including changes in aspects related to the world of education and teaching that more modern.

A Study to Assess the Performance of Disaster Management During the 2017 Yongji County Flood in China

In 2017, Yongji County, which is located in Jilin Province, China, was devastated by its worst floods for generations. Consequently, the people of Yongji County suffered losses due to both the natural disaster and the deficiencies of disaster management. The aim of this research was to evaluate the factors that influenced the experiences of victims to provide insights into the performance of disaster management. Statistical analysis was employed to describe the functions and role of disaster management in the 2017 Yongji County flood. The Logistic regression also was adopted to explore the association between the performance and outcomes of disaster management experienced by victims, and gender, age, profession, frequency of disasters, the efficiency of defense measures, the efficiency of rescue, the loss of property, the degree of normal life and productivity recovery, the satisfaction of governmental compensation, the degree of disaster information disclosure, the government attitudes, the mechanism of accountability, and public safety education. This paper is among the first studies to identify the factors that affect victims’ perceptions in assessing the performance of disaster management hosted by local government. Hence, this research makes an important contribution in assisting policymakers and officers in local government to improve performance in dealing with natural and environmental disasters.

THE BALOCH RESISTANCE IN PAKISTAN: SOME PLAUSIBLE IMPACTS AND EXPLANATIONS

Baloch resistance in Pakistan has been a political struggle and ideological movement which was meant to pressurize the successive governments of Pakistan to ensure the due rights of the inhabitants of the province. The issue of Balochistan is no doubt political in nature which could have been settled via political dialogues and negotiations, however, trust deficit and rigid attitudes from both sides have taken deep roots that never allowed them to be on a single page for larger interest of Balochistan. The paper investigates the fact that the persistence unjust policies and rigid attitudes of the successive federal governments towards Balochistan gave birth to sense of deprivation and sense of alienation among Baloch ethnic group. As a result, Baloch ethnic group has justified and linked their resistance with the matters of their ethnic and ideological survival in the country. The paper further finds that the resistance movement of Baloch is the result of the long-term unjust approaches of the successive federal governments of Pakistan. The paper aims to find out severe implications of the resistance on province-center -nexus on long-run.

Welfare over Warfare? Russia’s War on Ukraine through the Prism of Europe’s Energy Security

The outbreak of war by the Russian Federation in Ukraine on 24 February 2022 not only took world public opinion and politicians by surprise but, above all, demonstrated in all its glory the strong network of political and economic ties in Europe and far beyond the old continent. The attitudes of individual governments and entire societies, particularly in Europe, towards Russian aggression, differ fundamentally. These differences can most simply be explained in terms of economic and political dependence on Russian gas or proximity to the Russian Federation or its dependent countries like Belarus, which mark sharp dividing axes. In this paper, using a survey commissioned by the European Council on Foreign Relations in ten European countries as an example, I will highlight public attitudes towards the war in Ukraine and their potential impact on the policies of individual governments. The interventionist viewpoint presented in this article suggests that general welfare shapes not only public attitudes towards the war but also impregnates specific governmental positions. In the context of the large European economies, this could significantly yet negatively impact Ukraine's financial and military support in the coming months.

Oscillating Border Policy: Is It a Triumph for the Government or for the Myanmar IDPs in China?

In recent years, several large-scale internal military conflicts in Myanmar, represented by the “8.08 Kokang Incident”, have led to an influx of Burmese into Yunnan, a border area between China and Myanmar. China’s border management has faced serious challenges, most directly reflected in a change in its border policy. China has not used enforced power to directly stop the influx of Burmese, such as building walls or barbed wire. But neither has it recognized the status of these people as refugees. China’s new border management policy is more about blurring their official status, in practice, allowing them to enter easily to the Chinese border city (Ruili) for work. But it also restricts them to the southeast coast of China in search of better income. This seemingly contradictory attitude of the Chinese government reflects the complexity of a multi-actor participation in governance in the China-Myanmar border region. Using Gramsci’s “hegemony theory” and Ho’s affinity ties theory, this paper explores how IDPs can flexibly use affinity ties networks to proactively influence the Chinese government’s new border governance policy from the bottom up by interacting with grassroots multi-actor border practices.

Perceptions and Implications of Herdsmen and Farmer's Bloody Clashes on Sustainability and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Investigative Journalism Approach

This study examined the perceptions and implications of herdsmen and farmers bloody clashes on sustainability and economic growth in Nigeria; investigative journalism approach. The study employed a cross-sectional survey and qualitative research design in which 1000persons were interviewed to seek their perceptions on the effects of the feud. It was revealed that no party is happy with the irreparable consequences that ensued from the clash. It was shown that the herdsmen were misguided on the grazing routes which the Federal government insists on reviving or re-enacting when such routes or policy cannot be operational due to increasing human population, mechanized/commercial agricultural activities in modern days. The clash was also induced by born to rule ego, religious inclinations and mutual distrust. It does implies that persisting violence is a precursor to hunger/malnutrition, high cost of living, economic recession, civil war and disintegration of a volatile country. The crisis is persisting due to the lackadaisical/double standards attitude of government towards resolving the impasse on time. It has been seen that open grazing cannot continue in modern Nigeria. It has to be stopped for the implementation of ranching programmes. Government should intensify laws against criminality/ cattle rustlers and disarm both farmers-herdsmen of the arms they are parading everywhere. The constitutional role of government is to ensure that the rule of law prevails equally over all citizens in whatever trade, religion/ethnic background. There should be intensive media sensitisation on inter- ethnic and inter-religious tolerance and harmony in the country.

Strategic Investment Analysis for the Gas Station Projects Using Build Operate and Transfer (Case Study: PT Pertamina, Besakih Bali)

One of deployment planning from Pertamina is Besakih area in Bali. In this simple requirement, Pertamina need a further study to plan which type of gas stations will be implemented, COCO (Company Own Compant Operate) or DODO (Dealer Own Dealer Operate). COCO was found to be the viable option because DODO facing a major challenge based on the PESTLE and SWOT which is an issue related to government attitude towards greener technology such as electric vehicle. A several options for funding have been identified and well documented with several restrictions which are equity, loan, venture capital, and build operate transfer. If Pertamina need a new gas stations in terms of only 20% coming from capital (80% loan). Pertamina is not entitled to fund by venture capital as Pertamina is a state own company with rigid regulation. For the deployment of new gas station, the most expensive part is the land, therefore searching the solution through land funding is the most viable option. It was found that the strategy build, operate, and transfer (BOT) is a very interesting option. For the Pertamina, it erases the necessity for buying the land, on the other hand, for the land owner, it is better that their land could be useful for them in the next 15 years before they are getting all the facility transferred. The payback period is only 3,36 years with the IRR of 27,03% which is higher than the WACC. In case of Pertamina taking 80% loan and 20% equity, the NPV will return in the 5th year in start of the investment or 4th year in start of the operation. This strategy opens up new opportunities and solution for the business because it writes out land CAPEX necessity.

Guvernul conservator Lascăr Catargiu și Serbarea de La Putna din 1871. Ziarul „Pressa” și atitudinea executivului față de manifestarea din Bucovina

"The appointment of Lascăr Catargiu as prime-minister in March 1871 meant for a significant part of the Romanian politicians and especially for the European powers that element of stability which the Romanian state needed, taking into account the last years when governmental instability threatened the very configuration established by the great powers. The directions taken by the conservative government in taking power were by no means difficult. The cabinet’s mission was all the more difficult, as the conservatives had to offer all the evidence of stability and security of the Romanian throne. On the other hand, an entire political program was waiting to be implemented, a program that was to contain the essence of the vision of these right-wing politicians. The two dimensions of politics, internal and external, frequently intersected in the direction of fullfiling the conservative political program. Regarding the Putna Celebration, the attitude of the conservative government towards it showed that many aspects of the domestic and foreign policy were imposed as standards in precedent years. If during the preparation of the celebration the newspapers continuously transmitted information about what was happening in Putna, “Pressa”, considered to be the government’s newspaper, limited itself to reporting very little about the event. Even personalities like Cezar Bolliac, who embraced the views of the cabinet (and often published his opinions in the periodical “Trompeta Carpaților”), could not help but wonder how conservatives, as representatives of the Romanian state, preferred not to participate to this celebration. There are many answers to this question and they concern different specific issues that the Romanian state was facing in those months. On the one hand, the simplest answer is the foreign policy during the first month of the cabinet’s activity. Appointed by the government only a few months earlier, the executive had a difficult task in giving the European states all the assurances regarding the internal stability. On the other hand, the difficulties faced by the conservatives – here we recall the well-known Strousberg affair –, could only put harder pressure on the image of the Romanian state. A direct support for the Putna Celebration coming from the Romanian state would have caused new strain relations with the three neighbour empires. In fact, the solving of the foreign policy issues was based on the cooperation, even if sometimes conjectural, with the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In this context, the presence of conservatives in Putna was not desirable. "

The Relationship between Portuguese and Indigenous Languages in the Community of Portuguese Language Countries: An Existential Sociolinguistics Perspective

Abstract
 
 This study analyzes the relationship between Portuguese and indigenous or regional and national languages in the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP). It proposes a multilingual language policy and the implementation of the political legitimacy of linguistic minority rights (PLLMR) as a demonstration of a decolonized treatment of languages other than Portuguese (LOTP) in the community. Using the theoretical framework of existential sociolinguistics and the method of philosophical reflection, this study addresses the question of how can CPLP implement multilingual policy in its governmental processes and sustain its Lusophone international politico-economic and sociocultural organization identity. In conclusion, it argues that the implementation of multilingual policy will demonstrate a decolonized governmental attitude, a sustainable existential intercultural mindset (SEIM), and a global intercultural citizenship in fostering existential justice rather than an anti-humanist governance or what I call econotechnocracy.

Understanding the Effect of Government Attitudes on Voluntary Tax Compliance in Nigeria

An effective government’s performance is indicated by; high levels of efficiency, bureaucratic quality, the rule of law and the fight against corruption. This paper aimed to examine the effect of government attitudes on voluntary tax compliance in Nigeria. The study distributed 384 questionnaires to self-employed taxpayers in Nigeria, out of which 296 questionnaires were successfully returned. An analysis was conducted incorporating structural equation modelling using the SmartPLS 3.3 software application 3.3 to derive the measurement and structural model of the analysed result. The results showed that government effectiveness positively and significantly affected voluntary tax compliance. Additionally, the findings revealed a positive and significant effect between tax authority transparency and voluntary tax compliance. Further findings showed that government attitude was positively and significantly related to voluntary tax compliance. Therefore, the present study recommends that the government improve its attitudes toward efficiency and transparency in tax and governance to improve voluntary taxpayer compliance with Nigeria's tax authorities.

REFORMASI BIROKRASI PELAYANAN PUBLIK YANG SEJALAN DENGAN KONSTITUSI DAN PRINSIP DEMOKRASI

The implementation of democracy in the management of public services is an important part that must be carried out by the bureaucracy. In its implementation, it must uphold democratic principles that are in line with the state constitution, namely freedom/equality, people's sovereignty, and open and responsible government. Better and more satisfying services for the community must be carried out by public service providers. The government's attitude is still inclined to only provide good services to certain people, who have the same political views and thoughts as the government. The paradigm of the management of the administration of the public service bureaucracy must be changed, which initially "regulates" the community to "serve" the community. because the public service bureaucracy is the main benchmark in assessing the performance of the central government and local governments in serving the community.
 Keywords: Bureaucratic Reform, Public Service, Democracy, Constitution.

Italian Politics and Culture from Fascism to Postwar Democracy in the Life and Work of Uguccione Ranieri di Sorbello (1906–1969)

Italian Politics and Culture from Fascism to Postwar Democracy in the Life and Work of Uguccione Ranieri di Sorbello (1906–1969)

An Evaluation Model of an Urban Green Finance Development Level Based on the GA-Optimized Neural Network

The construction of a green financial system can promote economic transformation and development, scientifically and effectively evaluate the green environmental protection level of finance in different cities, and provide a strong impetus for its future promotion. This paper introduces a BP neural network into the evaluation system of urban green finance progress and optimizes the model through GA. According to the constructed evaluation index system, this paper makes empirical analysis of the experimental city. The optimization results show that GA can improve the training error range of the BP neural network and increase the stability of evaluation model performance and the accuracy of evaluation results. Through empirical analysis, it is concluded that the development status of the urban economy, the mode and efficiency of capital distribution, and the degree of support for the environmental protection industry in terms of policy and capital will have a great impact on the development of its environmental protection finance. The support attitude of the local government and society in energy conservation, environmental protection, and green city construction provides a broad development space for green finance to a great extent. Cities should broaden the development channels of green finance and build a sound and scientific green financial service system.

Strategies For Increasing Social Welfare Based On Strength In Olilit Village Tanimbar Islands Regency

This study aims to identify, describe, and analyze the strength factors that can be controlled and used by the village government in improving welfare; village government strategies in improving welfare related to the use of strength; factors influence the village government's strategy in improving the public prosperity. The method used to solve the research problem was descriptive qualitative research method. Informants were determined by purposive sampling technique, namely the research sample taken not depending on the number of population but adjusted to the purpose. Methods of data collection were done by interview, observation, and documentation. The data analysis technique was carried out by means of data reduction, data display, and data verification. From the results of the study, it was found that the resources of the Olilit village which were considered to be the strength of the village for improving welfare included the physical environment, tri sakti, tourism potential, culture and tradition, as well as the position of the western village in the district city. The strategy of the Olilit village government in improving the social prosperity was realized through the consistent attitude of the village government in paying attention to the operations of existing government officials and organizations, setting night study hours for students, fostering the younger generation, and providing compensation to families who were classified as poor, widows, and disabled. In addition, there are several factors that influence the implementation of the strategy, such as budget, facilities, consumerist lifestyle, political perspective of local government, and discipline.

Historicity of the Potential Capacity and Values of Tourism Sites of Kwatarkwashi Mountain in Zamfara State

Fundamentally, tourism industry with reference to its potential capability and values in yielding flourishing socio-cultural heritage, spiritual and economic advantages have not been properly explored in Nigeria, specifically in Kwatarkwashi townin Zamfara State. This might have probably arises from poor awareness and non-commitment attitude of government, lack of economic consciousness and poor sensitisation of the host community. Normatively, tourism is a subtle and complex multidisciplinary area of studies identified with leading roles in theology, archaeology, history, geography, socio-cultural, economic, political and religious development. In geographical realities, Kwatarkwashi is situated on a concentric igneous and sedimentary rocks formation with varied springs ( Ruwan Kura - meaning water Jurassic),caves and mountainous features.The study largely approved that Kwatarkwashi hasthe potentials for establishment of enviable tourism historical siteslike the Baura (autochthonous wrestling) cultural activity with the ability to engendering demand locally for infrastructural accretion. It also has the tendency for consumption of local products in tourists’ accommodation, restaurants and food markets among others. However, the study recommends that Kwatarkwashi tourism industry has the potential capacity and values to enhancing demand for agriculture; fisheries and food processing; promotion of light manufacturing products, viz;garment industry, handicrafts and goods and services from the informal sector.Of greatest challenges affecting Zamfara State, tourism industry would have the propensity to dissuade unwarranted competition for mono-economic of oil; discourage armed banditry,farmers-herdsmen wrangling through provision of employment; incomes for individual, host community, State, domestic and international investorsto Nigeria. Methodologically, the study adopted the used of synthesised primary and secondary sources using SPSS data interpretation. Information were extracted from male and female inhabitants of Kwatarkwashi rocks/mountain and town which covered one hundred (100) respondents selected across the various units. Key Words: Historicity, Potential, Capacity, Values, Tourism Sites DOI: 10.7176/JTHS/60-04 Publication date: June 30 th 2022

Gorontalo Local Government's Response To Legal Vacuum On Electric Bikes

The purpose of this study is to find out the attitude of Gorontalo local governments to address the legal vacuum towards electric bicycles. The methods used in this study are normative research and The types of approaches used are the legal approach, the conceptual approach, and the case approach. The technique of analyzing legal materials in this study uses systematic interpretation methods. The results showed that the Gorontalo regional government in addressing the legal vacuum regarding the regulation of electric bicycles in the Gorontalo area is first to take precedence over what is the main problem, then trace whether the transportation has reached 50% of users for the entire Gorontalo area. This needs to be known so that it can be regulated by the local government without limiting the space of the community. Thus, holding regional rules related to the regulation of electric bicycles is still an obstacle from the point of view of the provincial DPRD why the use of such vehicles is considered to have not reached an effective amount causing the need for regional rules to regulate the use of such vehicles. With the advancement of transportation in a region, the local government should have taken steps first before it becomes a result of an event that is not organized by the local government. With this problem, the government cannot suppress the public and carry out doctrinal laws related to the rules of the use of electric bicycles, so that the theory of repressive laws cannot be implemented. The law should be able to regulate society to be able to comply with existing rules, but the rules can not be implemented. Keywords: Attitude; Responding; Electric Bicycle