Psychological Attitudes Research Articles

Prospect theory-based large-scale group decision-making method with heterogeneous preference relations

Large-scale group decision-making (LSGDM) issues are increasingly prevalent in modern society across various domains. The preference information has emerged as a widely adopted approach to tackle LSGDM problems. However, a significant challenge lies in facilitating consensus among decision-makers (DMs) with diverse backgrounds while considering their hesitation and psychological behavior. Consequently, there is a pressing need to establish a novel model that enables DMs to evaluate alternatives with heterogeneous preference relations (HPRs). To this end, this research presents a new consensus-building method to address LSGDM problems with HPRs. First, a novel approach for solving collective priority weight is introduced based on cosine similarity and prospect theory. In particular, a new cosine similarity measure is defined for HPRs. Subsequently, a consensus index is provided to gauge the consensus level among DMs by considering their psychological behavior and risk attitudes. Further, a consensus-reaching model is developed to address LSGDM with HPRs. Finally, an instance of supplier selection is presented to demonstrate the practicality and efficacy of the proposed method.

Collectivistic orientation moderates the effect of personal control on evaluations of societal disease‐control measures: During and beyond the COVID‐19 crisis in China

AbstractTwo pre‐registered studies examined people's psychological collectivism, personal control, and attitudes toward disease‐control measures in the context of the COVID‐19 crisis and more generalized contexts. Study 1 surveyed 819 residents in Shanghai in late May 2022 when they were undergoing a stringent city‐wide lockdown caused by an outbreak of the Omicron variant. We found that participants' psychological collectivism attenuated the negative association between experiences of COVID‐19 restrictions and personal control and enhanced the positive association between personal control and support for COVID‐19 restrictions. Study 2 (N = 403) recruited an online sample with diverse backgrounds and demographic characteristics and sought to extend the findings of Study 1 beyond the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Participants were exposed to a series of hypothetical scenarios depicting a fictitious virus with varying fatality and transmissibility. As in Study 1, participants higher in psychological collectivism exhibited a stronger positive association between personal control and endorsement of stricter societal disease‐control measures, but only in low‐fatality, high‐transmissibility situations. The implications of these findings for facilitating public support for disease‐control efforts are discussed.

Gratitude, parental support, professional help-seeking attitudes for mental health problems among adolescents

ABSTRACT The current study aims to examine the relationship between gratitude and parental support through the mediation of perceived stress and the influence of parental support on adolescent professional help-seeking for mental health problems. 1987 participants completed the survey, including 41.4% boys and 58.6% girls aged 11–15 years. The findings indicated that (i) parental support mediated the relationship between perceived stress and professional psychological help-seeking attitudes; (ii) perceived stress mediated the effect of gratitude on parental support; (iii) gratitude predicted professional psychological help-seeking attitudes through perceived stress and parental support; and (iv) gratitude predicted positively adolescents’ academic achievement. The study highlights the potential influence of parental support on adolescents’ professional help-seeking attitudes. Mental health services should be developed to be more accessible to adolescents to facilitate more independent help-seeking. Prevention and intervention programmes for adolescents may be more effective at decreasing stress symptoms by combining gratitude interventions.

Consequences of Psychological Benefits in the Context of Eco-Friendly Indoor Smart Farm Restaurants: The Moderating Role of Curiosity

This study was designed in order to understand the psychological benefits of an indoor smart farm restaurant, which is a restaurant that operates a smart farm inside the restaurant. The study more specifically proposes a conceptual framework that includes psychological benefits, attitudes, and future engagement. In addition, this study investigated whether the impact of psychological benefits on attitude is moderated by curiosity. The data was collected from 317 participants in South Korea. The results revealed that warm glow, nature experiences, and self-expressive benefits positively influenced attitude. Also, attitude, warm glow, and self-expressive benefits significantly affected future engagement. Lastly, the effect of psychological benefits on attitudes is moderated by curiosity.

Counselors' Psychological Counseling Skills And Attitudes Towards Providing Counseling Help On Professional Satisfaction

Counselors' Psychological Counseling Skills And Attitudes Towards Providing Counseling Help On Professional Satisfaction

Adherence to Mask Wearing Policies in OECD and Non-OECD Nations

Abstract Background When medical facemasks became a key non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) against COVID-19, public health researchers quickly tried to understand why persons did or did not comply with masking policies. Research connected mask adherence to various social characteristics and psychological attitudes. While important, much of this research was performed in the Global North and one might wonder: Are the characteristics of persons who adhere to mask policies the same in industrialising non-OECD nations as in more economically developed OECD nations? Methods To examine this question, we used the global COVIDiSTRESS survey and responses from over 15,000 persons in 49 countries to examine the demographics, socioeconomic status (SES), sources of COVID-19 information, and levels of trust of those persons who consistently adhered to mask policies. Using logistic regression analysis, we find important differences between respondents in non-OECD and OECD nations. Results We find that identifying as a woman has a significantly stronger impact on mask adherence in OECD nations than in non-OECD nations. In contrast, higher levels of SES (especially higher levels of education) have a stronger impact on mask adherence in non-OECD nations. Furthermore, only in OECD nations is social media use related to a decreased likelihood of adherence and trust in the government's ability to handle COVID related to an increased likelihood of mask adherence. Conclusions Our research shows that the characteristics related to adhering to mask policies varies depending on whether one is referring to OECD or non-OECD nations and that research from the Global North cannot not be simply applied to the Global South. Instead, when another global pandemic occurs, mask policies should be developed based on research findings specifically related to that nation and its level of economic development. Key messages • We find important differences in mask adherence between persons in non-OECD and OECD nations. • Research on mask adherence produced in the Global North cannot simply be applied to the Global South.

Acceptance of Green Technology-Based Service: Consumers’ Risk-Taking Behavior in the Context of Indoor Smart Farm Restaurants

Smart farm technology contributes to sustainable environmental protection, and so it is important to investigate consumer behavior in this regard. Therefore, this paper constructs a theoretical model focusing on the consumers of indoor smart farm restaurants. The theoretical framework integrates the theory of planned behavior and the perceived risk theory. The constructed framework is deepened by testing the moderating role of novelty seeking in the effects of perceived risks on attitudes. The results revealed that (1) psychological and quality risks negatively affect attitude, (2) subjective norm positively affects attitude, (3) attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control positively affect behavioral intentions, and (4) the moderating impact of novelty seeking was discovered in the relationship between psychological risk and attitude. This is the first investigation of the perceived risks of indoor smart farm restaurants, and this study empirically proved the moderating role of novelty seeking in the risk-taking behavior context. This study consequently contributes to advancing state-of-the-art methods and presents practical marketing recommendations.

Psychological Attitudes of Physicians in Seeking Help and Associated Factors.

Physician suicides have been increasing in recent years, and this shows that the psychological state of physicians is a subject that needs research and intervention. We think that the factors affecting the behavior of physicians to seek medical help due to their psychiatric disorders should be addressed. Therefore, we conducted a study examining the relationship between the anxiety, depression and stress levels of physicians, their attitudes toward seeking psychological help, and the degree of self-stigma related to seeking help. One hundred sixty-six physicians who accessed online platforms were included in the study, and data were collected using self-report forms. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale, and the Self-Stigma in Seeking Help Scale were used as assessment instruments. A positive correlation was found between negative attitudes toward seeking psychological help and depression, anxiety, and stress, whereas a negative association was found between positive attitudes and depression, anxiety, and stress. A significant association was found between age and depression and anxiety scores. Physicians with high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress are more likely to exhibit negative attitudes toward seeking psychological help, and interventions are needed to improve attitudes toward seeking help.

대학생들의 미용 성형에 대한 심리적 태도

대학생들의 미용 성형에 대한 심리적 태도

광고커뮤니케이션에서 나타나는 억압과 동일시가 소비자 설득 효과에 미치는 영향

This study was designed to verify the hypothesis that surrealist advertisements Repression and Identification during self-defense mechanisms can affect the psychological attitude of the audience and appear differently depending on persuasion. Specifically, through experiments, the advertising persuasion effect of expression advertisements Repression and Identification was compared and analyzed according to the case type. As a result of the experiment, the persuasion effect of advertisements expressing Repression and Identification was positive. This effect was greater when the self-defense mechanism expression advertisements of Repression and Identification was manipulated with oppression. This study revealed that the self-defense mechanism should be considered in order for the advertising persuasion effect of advertising communication to appear positive, suggesting both academic significance and practical significance of expanding the results of existing advertising communication expression studies.

SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE DYNAMICS OF SPOUSE RELATIONSHIPS UNDER QUARANTINE

The purpose of the article is to highlight the results of the study of the influence of social and psychological factors on the dynamics of spouse relations under quarantine. The research tasks were solved with the help of a set of theoretical and empirical methods of psychodiagnostic research: "Typical Marital Status" (E. Eidemiller), "Marriage Satisfaction" questionnaire (V. Stolin), Color relationship test (A. Etkind) , "Dynamics of psychological closeness in a married couple" (O. Kronyk), "Tolerance to uncertainty" (S. Badner) and express diagnosis of marital relations under quarantine restrictions (according to V. Stolin's "Marriage Satisfaction" questionnaire). Based on the results of the empirical research, the socio-psychological factors (tolerance, the state of the individual in the family) of the dynamics of such parameters of the partner's relationship as psychological closeness and attitude towards the partner have been singled out. The study was conducted under the conditions of a long-term quarantine due to Covid-19 and covered the period from 2020 to the end of 2021. The sample included married couples who are in an official marriage. The invitation to participate in the study was posted on social networks – mainly among participants of psychological groups in the Viber messenger. Based on the understanding of quarantine as a certain set of restrictive measures that can have a destructive effect, we have proven that the disruption of stability in the dynamics of marital relations in conditions of long-term quarantine is a factor that negatively affects all family members, regardless of the fact that the events, which occur during the stay of the spouses in quarantine conditions, can be both negative and positive, joyful and long-awaited. Based on the results of the conducted research, it can be stated that quarantine conditions do not have a decisive negative impact on the factors of marital satisfaction, while they have a certain destructive effect on the socio-psychological factors of tolerance and the state of an individual in a married couple. Quarantine conditions cause destruction in marital relations, attitude towards partner and psychological closeness, which we identified in the research. The psychological recommendations developed on the basis of the obtained data are tested in the process of family counseling and are able to slow down the negative dynamics of the development of marital relations under quarantine

Explaining farmers’ adoption of mastitis control practices using psychological constructs from the theory of planned behavior

Mastitis control options (MCOs) are management actions that are adopted to prevent mastitis in dairy herds. In this study, the psychological constructs attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control are used to explain farmers’ adoption of MCOs. So far, little research has used psychological constructs to explain adoption of MCOs. Based on recommendations by a Swedish dairy association (Växa) aimed at farmers, a total of 15 different management areas, representing MCOs for contagious and environmental bacteria, were used to characterize adoption behaviors. A total of 286 Swedish full-time farmers specializing in dairy production participated in the survey. Four different farmer groups were identified through a cluster analysis of similarities in how farmers adopted MCOs together with data on bulk milk somatic cell count and subjectively evaluated somatic cell counts on the farms. Regression analyses were performed to test whether the psychological constructs could explain differences in adoption across the MCO groups. Results revealed that farmers’ decisions about which set of mastitis control options to adopt as preventive actions were explained by the farmers’ perceived behavioral control of the situation and by differences in subjective norm. The attitude construct did not contribute to predicting the adoption of mastitis control options. Results suggest that work aimed at implementing MCOs should be complemented by programs specifically designed to improve the ability of farmers to use and/or combine MCOs to both alleviate and prevent mastitis. They also suggest that there is little to gain from programs aimed at fostering attitudes to prevent mastitis. We interpret the findings as indicating a need to strengthen perceived behavioral control as well as subjective norms among Swedish farmers’ regarding their preventive work with mastitis. Understanding how to affect farmers’ behavior, and thus reducing and controlling mastitis, will have positive effects on animal health and welfare in general.

Impact on approach of ICU staff towards ventilator care bundles and infection control practices in prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia in a tertiary care hospital

Introduction and Aim: Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) infections have high morbidity and mortality. The bundle care therapy for insertion and maintenance can prevent VAP effectively. Crucial steps being mouth care with Chlorhexidine and subglottic aspiration to prevent VAP. This study focuses on the attitude of ICU health care staff towards the implementation of the ventilator care bundle. Materials and Methods: The study is a descriptive and observational cross-sectional study using a structured self-administered questionnaire without any intervention, ascertained 150 Health care staff members of ICU around the clock. The analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: This study showed elevation of head in semi-recumbent position to have the highest acceptance frequency of 127 (84.7%) study participants. While implementation of spontaneous breathing trials had the lowest acceptance frequency of 74(49.4%) study participants. Most of the study participants have a general understanding of the steps to be taken for VAP prevention however only 39 study participants (26%) are sufficiently familiar with all the measures included in ventilator bundles when executed together are more efficient than if implemented individually. Conclusion: Due to this negative psychological attitude of ICU staff towards the implementation of the guidelines provided to them, the risk of VAP is ever-increasing suggesting a strict need for more training and education with responsibility towards improving the infection control practices on healthcare workers.

Attitudes and intentions toward seeking professional psychological help among Chinese healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

It has been suggested that healthcare workers (HCWs) are experiencing massive stressors that threaten their mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, but little is known about their attitudes and intentions toward seeking professional psychological help. This study aimed to investigate the attitudes and intentions of Chinese HCWs toward seeking professional psychological help during the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated factors. A total of 1,224 Chinese HCWs working in hospitals were recruited online from 12 hospitals in Hunan province in China for a survey conducted in November 2022. The Chinese version of the attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help scale-short form (ATSPPH-SF) and the general help-seeking questionnaire (GHSQ) were separately used to assess the attitudes and intentions of the respondents toward seeking professional psychological help. Demographic and socio-psychological data were collected using a self-developed questionnaire, the perceived social support scale, the self-stigma of seeking help scale, and the patient health questionnaire-9 scale. The 1,208 HCWs in the final analysis showed relatively negative attitudes and low intentions toward seeking professional psychological help during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results of the multiple linear regression analysis showed that female sex (p = 0.031), experience of psychological learning (p < 0.001), and social support (p < 0.001) had a positive predictive effect on the attitudes of these HCWs toward seeking professional psychological help, whereas self-stigma of seeking help (p < 0.001) and depressive symptoms (p < 0.001) exerted negative effects. Moreover, experience of psychological learning (p = 0.004) and social support (p < 0.001) had a positive predictive effect on the intentions of these HCWs toward seeking professional psychological help, whereas divorced marital status (p = 0.011) and self-stigma of seeking help (p < 0.001) exerted negative effects. The overall attitudes and intentions of HCWs toward seeking professional psychological help were not optimistic. Effective interventions targeted at influencing factors should be formulated to promote the professional psychological help-seeking attitudes and intentions of HCWs who are at risk of developing mental health problems.

Emphasizing Similarities Between Politically Opposed Groups and Their Influence in Perceptions of the Political Opposition: Evidence From Five Experiments.

Across five experiments (four pre-registered, N = 4,431), we investigate whether emphasizing similarities between Republicans and Democrats can improve intergroup relations between the two groups. Members of both groups who were presented with evidence emphasizing similarities rather than differences in the psychological attitudes of both parties reported greater inclusion of the political opposition in the self, greater belief that common ground can be reached for major social issues, and warmer feelings toward the opposition. Inclusion of the political outgroup in the self mediated the effect of the similarities condition on additional outcomes, relating to more positive and less threatening perceptions of political opposition members. These findings held even when compared with a baseline condition with no information presented to participants. We conclude that by emphasizing the study of group similarities and by disseminating research in a way that highlights similarities, researchers could reduce intergroup hostilities in the political domain.

Adolescents view social exclusion based on social class as more wrong than do children.

Psychological attitudes about social status hierarchies and social mobility often reflect stereotypic expectations about competencies and entitlements based on inequalities. Children who experience exclusion based on social class are at risk of experiencing a lack of opportunities, contributing to societal disparities. Recently, developmental science has examined the origins of attitudes that contribute to social exclusion, reflecting moral judgments about fairness as well as societal and group-based concerns about norms and intergroup dynamics. This study investigated children's reasoning about intergroup exclusion by focusing on social class as a potential exclusion criterion for children and adolescents in peer contexts in Türkiye, an understudied context for research. Participants living in a metropolitan area of Türkiye (N = 270) between the ages of 8-10 (Mage = 9.80; SD = .77; 53.5% girls) and 14-16 (Mage = 15.51; SD = .93, 61.7% girls) from lower and higher socioeconomic backgrounds were asked for their exclusion evaluations, emotion attributions, related justifications, and individual solutions. While participants overall viewed social class-based social exclusion as wrong, adolescents typically viewed it as more wrong than did children. Adolescents focused on unfair treatment and discrimination, whereas children focused on interpersonal aspects of social exclusion more frequently. Older participants from lower socioeconomic status (SES) viewed the excluders' intentions as discriminatory more often than did older participants from higher SES who desired to protect the status quo. These findings shed new light on how children and adolescents evaluate societal-based biases contributing to peer social exclusion. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Cultural Dynamics and Psychological Perspectives: Unraveling the Human Psyche in South Korea

This article delves into the intricate interplay between cultural dynamics and psychological perspectives within the context of South Korea. Rooted in a rich tapestry of Confucian values, modernization, and global influences, South Korean society undergoes continuous transformations that shape the perceptions and behaviors of its people. The exploration begins by examining the deep-seated Confucian heritage, collectivism, and social hierarchy that influence individual and group psychology. Traditional values, norms, and practices are unveiled as influential factors in shaping psychological attitudes and behaviors, with a particular focus on family-centered values, collectivism, and the unique concept of "han". Modernization, urbanization, and globalization are then analyzed for their role in reshaping traditional cultural dynamics and their implications for mental health and well-being. The narrative shifts towards the effects of technology, media, and exposure to Western values on different generations, resulting in nuanced psychological perspectives. The emergence of a culture of competition, high expectations, and the "exam hell" phenomenon in South Korean society is explored, highlighting the stress, anxiety, and mental health implications that ensue.

Depression stigma, depression literacy, and psychological help seeking attitudes among school and university students

Very little research has specifically investigated depression stigma and its correlation with depression literacy and help-seeking attitudes among students. This study aimed to assess the levels and correlations of stigma, literacy, and psychological help-seeking attitudes related to depression among a sample of high school and university students in Jordan. A descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional design was employed using an anonymous, online, self-report survey. This study included a total of 650 students aged 16 to 24 years. The participants were found to have high levels of depression stigma, low levels of depression literacy, and negative attitudes towards seeking psychological help. The most frequently reported sources of psychological help were family members, relatives, and friends. A significant negative correlation was found between depression stigma and depression literacy. The predictive factors of depression stigma were depression literacy, age, gender, education, father's educational level, family size, and having history of mental health problems among family members, relatives, or friends. This study provides valuable information on the common mental health needs and concerns among students in Jordan. The findings also highlight the importance of developing and implementing depression awareness and prevention education campaigns for students in schools and universities. Such campaigns may increase students' knowledge about depression, enhance their use of mental healthcare services, and prevent or decrease their risk of developing depression.

Correlation between Mental Health Literacy Levels and Attitudes of Seeking Psychological Help of Health Services Vocational School Students: Descriptive Cross-sectional Research

The aim of this study is to find the correlation between mental health literacy and psychological help-seeking attitudes of Health Services&#x0D; Vocational School students and to determine the socio-demographic characteristics that affect mental health literacy. The research&#x0D; was realized in a descriptive form at a state university in Izmir between April and May 2022. Between the specified dates, 138 students&#x0D; who could be reached and volunteered participated in the research. Data were collected with a questionnaire that determines sociodemographic&#x0D; characteristics, “Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS)”, and “Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help&#x0D; Scale-Short Form (ATSPPH-SF)”. Data were evaluated by using “number, mean, percentage, independent sample t-test and one-way&#x0D; analysis of variance (ANOVA)” tests in SPSS 25 program. The students’ total MHLS score was 106.34±14.09 and the mean ATSPPH-SF&#x0D; score was 15.57±4.62.r While the level of knowledge about recognizing diseases and reaching professional help was found to be higher&#x0D; in women compared to men, “attitudes that facilitate seeking appropriate help for mental health-related diseases and attitudes towards&#x0D; mental health-related diseases” were found to be higher in men compared to women. A statistically significant positive correlation was&#x0D; found between MHLS and ATSPPH-SF. The MHL score of the students was found to be moderate and a positive relationship was found&#x0D; between MHLS and seeking psychological help.

CONCEPTUAL POSITIONS OF THE VALUE-CULTURAL APPROACH TO THE EXPLANATION OF THE POLITICAL ACTIVITY OF PERSONS

The article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of political activity of persons. The purpose of the article is to study the positions of the value-cultural approach to explaining the factors of actualization and activation of the political activity of persons. The methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, generalization and abstraction, historical, structural functionalism are used. Factors of modernization, material well-being, high education level, presence of social connections, political culture, national identities, membership in voluntary associations, and civil society are singled out. Established that the basis of political culture at the level of an individual is a psychological attitude to the role of one’s own “I” in the political sphere – a political attitude. It is emphasized that high political competence forces people to value democracy as a political system that provides an opportunity to realize their political attitudes; for them, democracy and a democratic political system is a value they willing to defend. Attention is drawn to the fact that a high level of education ensures the cultivation of active political attitudes, and access to resources (high income, participation in informal associations, the presence of a network of useful acquaintances) determines the success of political activity. The author comes to the conclusion that political activity is the implementing force of expressing of the value orientations of the person; its success, to the greatest extent, depends on social, intellectual, and financial capitals. The article has theoretical significance for research and interpretation of the phenomenon of political activity of persons. The achievements of the article can be applied to empirical research design. Further research may be aimed at considering other approaches.