Attention Of Men Research Articles

Double trouble – men and obesity

AbstractWe know that boys take more risks than girls,1 are six times more likely to have an accident, four times more likely to take their own life,2 and twice as likely not to seek medical health when they are unwell.3 Yet despite knowing men are less likely to engage in the health service, more likely to develop long‐term chronic disease and more likely to die earlier than women,4 we continue to offer services for our patients in a generic way.Men often have little opportunity to engage with health care professionals until they are sick. My ambition is to de‐medicalise men's health in primary care and develop more innovative, gender‐specific services, to capture men's attention. If we are trying to sell something, that men don’t realise they want, we should try and think about selling it in the same way other products are sold. We need to invest in innovation and social marketing. Copyright © 2024 John Wiley & Sons.

Feminist Analysis Of The Film “Kartini (2017)” Using Rolland Barthes Semiotics

The film "Kartini" by director Hanung Bramantyo is a film based on the true story of the life of an Indonesian female emancipation hero named Raden Ajeng Kartini. The purpose of this research is to tell about the condition of Javanese women at that time, Kartini struggled to achieve her ideals, namely equalizing the rights of women and men. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method that is descriptive and uses semiotic analysis. The analytical method used in analyzing the film "Kartini" is Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis method, namely in the form of two-stage signification (two orders of signification) with a system of signifiers and signifieds which is also called denotational meaning in the film "Kartini". first level. and significance. The second stage is a second level connotation analysis of scenes that show a depiction of femininity in the Kartini film. The results of this research were the discovery of 3 stereotypes formed in the film "Kartini". First, the stereotype of women as supporting the household. Second, the stereotype of women as dandies or people who like to dress up and attract men's attention. Third, the stereotype of women is in second place after men or second class. The conclusion obtained from this research is that the denotative meaning in the feminist analysis of this film scene illustrates that women had social inequality in the eyes of Javanese society in the Kartini era. in describing the feminist analysis of the character Kartini in the film Kartini is clearly depicted in every scene

Heterosexual Men's Visual Attention to Nude Images Depicting Cisgender Males, Cisgender Females, and Gynandromorphs.

Gynandromorphophilia refers to sexual attraction and arousal to feminine males, who may or may not have breasts, and who retain their penises. Previous research has suggested that some capacity for gynandromorphophilia may characterize males who are gynephilic (i.e., sexually attracted and aroused to adult females). This study examined Canadian cisgender gynephilic men's (n = 65) visual attention and subjective ratings of sexual arousal when presented with nude images of feminine males with, and without breasts, masculine males, and feminine females. Visual attention was assessed using an infrared eye-tracker. Subjective arousal to feminine females was highest, followed by subjective arousal to feminine males with breasts, feminine males without breasts, and masculine males. However, subjective arousal to feminine males without breasts and to masculine males did not differ significantly. The patterning of visual attention to images of females was unique, in that participants were equally likely to attend first to the face, chest or genitals. These areas also elicited relatively greater fixation durations and counts. Although participants fixated onto the chests of feminine males with breasts for longer durations than those of masculine males, most of the differences between feminine males, with and without breasts, were non-significant. These results suggest that female sex-based traits play a more primary role in gynephilic men's sexual arousal than feminine gender-based traits.

‘IDDAH OF DEATH DIVORCE FOR CARRER WOMAN IN PERSPECTIVE JASSER AUDA’S MAQASID SHARIA

Islam greatly glorifies women as human beings who act as mothers and teachers for their children. In fact, not a few women in Indonesia bear the burden of family living expenses. A woman whose husband dies, she is obliged to carry out iḥdȃd. Woman in the period of 'iddah is forbidden from wearing jewelry, interacting with men who are not mahram without any intention, and she is prohibited from wearing clothes that can attract men's attention to her. Iḥdȃd as an attempt to show loyalty and protect the rights of her husband when her husband dies. Women who practice iḥdȃd are not allowed to preen, wear jewelry, silk clothing, perfume, and eye shadow. This situation will become a problem when a career woman is required to work outside the home to support her family, while she has limited time due to carrying out iḥdȃd obligations. This research emphasizes the emergency aspects for career women when leaving iḥdȃd which may have more benefit values reviewing it by the perspective of Jasser Auda's maqasid sharia. This article is a type of qualitative research with a phenomenological descriptive approach that examines the phenomenon of career women. The results of this research conclude that iḥdȃd for career women who pose a danger to work and threaten survival, then she may not carry out iḥdȃd with the condition that she still has to look after and protect herself so that marriage does not occur and things that are prohibited by Islam do not occur during the ‘iddah.

John Huxtable Elliott (1930–2022)

John Huxtable Elliott (1930–2022)

Investigation of the Effect of 8-Week Life Kinetic Training on Self-Confidence, Attention and Psychological Skill Levels in Sedentary Men Students

This research was conducted to examine the effect of 8-week life kinetic training on self-confidence, attention and psychological skill levels in sedentary men students. Fifteen sedentary men participated in the study and the research was conducted using the pretest-posttest research model. In order to collect the data, “D2 Test of Attention” developed by Brickenkamp (1981), “Self-confidence Scale” developed by Akın (2007), “Athletic Coping Skills Inventory” developed by Smith (1995) and personal information form were used. The data were evaluated with the SPSS 25.0 statistical package program and the significance level was considered as p<0.05. The normality test of the data was done with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and the Wilcoxon test was used to compare the pre-test and post-test scores. According to the findings, no statistically significant difference was found between the 8-week life kinetic training sub-dimensions of sedentary men's self-confidence, attention and psychological skill levels (p>0.05). As a result, it could be argued that life kinetic training applied for eight weeks does not have a positive effect on increasing self-confidence, attention and psychological skill levels in sedentary men.

Hypertension differentially impacts cognition in men and women in early midlife.

The current study aimed to understand how sex differences in the timing of hypertension onset contribute to early midlife risk for cognitive decline that may differ by sex and whether sex-dependent advantages in normotensive populations are influenced by the presence of hypertension. One hundred and ninety-five adults aged 45-55 from the New England Family Study underwent neuropsychological testing to assess attention, executive function, and memory. Physician-diagnosed hypertension status was self-reported via questionnaire. Mid-adulthood hypertension was associated with worse performance on measures of attention and memory, but the cognitive domains impacted varied by sex. Hypertension was associated with only attention in men, whereas in women it was associated with attention and associative and working memory. Sex differences in midlife cognitive performance found in normotensive adults were attenuated in those with hypertension. Our results underscore the importance of accounting for sex when assessing the impact of hypertension on midlife cognition that could be indicative of later decline and risk for cognitive impairment and dementia, given hypertension is an independent risk factor.

Comparing the Effects of Thought Suppression and Focused Distraction on Pain-Related Attentional Biases in Men and Women

Increasing attentional focus away from pain can affect pain experience, suggesting that cognitive strategies that move attentional allocation may be a moderator of pain. In a pre-post-design, the present study examined the effects of 2 cognitive strategies used in pain contexts, thought suppression and focused distraction, on subsequent pain-related attention. Thought suppression was hypothesized to increase pain-related attention, whereas focused distraction was expected to reduce it. Influences of both anxiety and sex were also considered, as secondary questions. 139 (86 women, 53 men) healthy, pain-free participants were randomly assigned to use either thought suppression or focused distraction during a mild cold pressor test (CPT). Pain-related attention was examined using a dot-probe and an attentional blink task, pre-and post-CPT. Questionnaires about relevant cognitive and emotional aspects, demographics, and pain were completed. Results showed no difference in the effect of the 2 pain inhibition strategies on pain-related attention. The hypothesized rebound effect in thought suppression on pain-related attention did not emerge. However, thought suppression showed a short-term benefit in comparison to focused distraction regarding reported pain and perceived threat during the cold pressor test. Few sex differences were found. Thus, the cognitive strategies affected pain outcomes, but did not influence pain-related attention. PerspectiveCognitive strategies could help with pain through changing attention allocation. In this study, the effects of the 2 cognitive strategies thought suppression and focused distraction on pain-related attention in men and women were examined. Elucidating mechanisms that lie behind pain strategies that focus on changing attention may help improve treatments.

ABOUT AN IMPOSSIBLE POSSIBILITY: THE INTERSECTION POINTS OF S. P. DIAGHILEV AND E. WARHOL AS AN UNFULFILLED DREAM OF RECOGNIZING ONESELF

The object of the article is an impossible possibility in the form of an imaginary meeting between Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev and Andy Warhol. The methods of research are biographical, intellectual game of imagination and the method of analogies. They helped to combine facts from the biographies of the impresario and the artist, creating an intermediate imaginary world of their possible meeting. Among the traits that can attract the attention of men to each other, loneliness, sexual orientation, the position of an outcast in society, attachment to the mother, passion for PR campaigns and practices of insignificance are noted. The meeting could change the optics of self-perception, harmonize them and promote cooperation.

Melville's Quixoticism and the Modern World-System

Melville's Quixoticism and the Modern World-System

Both cute and threatening images drive narrowing of attention in men and women.

Appraisal theories of emotion sustain that stimuli containing high biological relevance preferentially capture our attention, regardless of their valence. In this work, we study the priming effect of both cute and threatening pictures on global/local visual processing. Seventy-eight males and 168 females in different menstrual cycle phases performed the global/local Navon letter task immediately after observing cute (infants and baby animals), threatening (animals in aggressive poses) or neutral pictures. Hierarchical stimuli were made up of global and local letters that could be either congruent (e.g. global H, localH) or incongruent (e.g. global H, localS). While we observed no interaction between affective primes and sex/menstrual cycle phase, each of these variables did have an independent effect on the global/local task. Thus, letter identification was significantly slower in the global task (only) after cute vs. neutral primes. Relevantly, the local-minus-global RT index revealed an attentional narrowing after both cute and threatening primes (vs. neutral primes) in incongruent trials. As for sex effects, a facilitation of global vs. local processing was observed in both sexes. However, women registered slower RTs than men, whereas women in the luteal phase showed faster RTs than those in follicular phase in the local task. This suggests that women, mainly those in their luteal menstrual phase, tend to rely on a more analytical style of processing while attending to hierarchical stimuli. Most importantly, stimuli containing high biological significance drive narrowing of the attentional focus in global/local visual processing, especially in conditions of higher attentional demand.

Year One

Year One Robert Yune (bio) Mendeleev made another set of predictions that were even more dramatic. His periodic table contained a number of blank spaces. Mendeleev declared that these blank spaces must correspond to elements as yet undiscovered. —Gregory N. Derry, "Nature's Jigsaw" He is six years old, watching his grandfather read the newspaper. This is their summer routine: Jason in Batman pajamas, grandfather in a wool suit, even in August. The oscillating fan, seemingly straining through the thick air, turns to sputter another weak breeze. Jason's grandfather is a retired geology professor. As always, he has efficiently gathered his morning together: a coffee mug sits near his right hand like a loyal pet, and his breakfast—a perfect rectangle of shredded wheat—sits centered in its bowl, soaking up milk. Laid atop the bowl, the newspaper soaks up the old man's attention. This means Jason can watch without being seen. He's drawn to the way his only grandfather purposefully strides through the world. Somehow, his stocky frame, frown lines, and wispy white hair draws smiles from women: waitresses, nurses, joggers in the park, Jason's mother and grandmother. There's something unusually expressive about the man's face as he lays the paper beside his bowl and begins the crossword. During this silent duel of wits, his white eyebrows dance a symphony of bewilderment, fury, and begrudging praise. "Pattern recognition," he occasionally mutters, and Jason nods solemnly. The old man's efficiency extends to language. When Jason shows off his athletic skills in the backyard, his grandfather exclaims the same word. Ball rolled through your legs? "Finesse!" Frisbee sailed onto the roof? "Finesse!" To date, repeating the word has yielded minimal effect. To date, Jason has not thought to ask what the word means. Soon, though, when Jason decides to listen, he'll understand finesse before he can define it: by then, the repetition will be bolstered by the old man's examples, pantomimes, metaphors. Decades from now, Jason will realize his grandfather was one of few adults who held the full memory of their childhoods—not just the events, but how it felt to be that young. The smallness, the fear rising up through the wonder. That's why the man lets his grandson watch him, uses the newspaper as a window and not a curtain. To six-year-old Jason perched at the edge of a stool in the sweltering kitchen, the news is upside down—or at least the headlines are. The articles themselves are too distant to read. Even if he understood each word, the outside world would remain huge and terrifying. But knowing his grandfather can track the grand design of things—that's why the boy watches so carefully. The knowledge just might rub off. Call it wisdom through osmosis. Later that evening, Jason seizes the newspaper and tackles the word search. His grandfather helps. "Pattern recognition," he mutters in approval when the boy circles a new word. For Christmas, Jason [End Page 92] receives a telescope and his grandfather teaches him the names of constellations. Jason's dad promises a visit to the planetarium, but they never go. _____ He is seventeen years old and finds himself stranded on a strange island called college. His peers seem excited to be here—in this city, on campus, in this freshman orientation. Nobody seems interested in comic books. Nobody mentions Firestorm. Surely, Jason thinks, someone leading an orientation at Columbia tells the freshmen that Spider-Man took classes there. That seems like a legitimate brag. What would his peers at the University of Pittsburgh think if they knew that one of the most powerful superheroes in the DC universe is enrolled here? At least in the comics. Firestorm's costume is a bright yellow tunic emblazoned with an exploding atom. His hair is flames, as are his fists. In real life, the closest thing to a superhero is the version of Jason that appears in his college application essay. That Jason is impeccable, an alchemist who turned guidance counselors into cheerleaders. Jason—the real one slumped in the back of the classroom—can't shake the feeling that any moment...

The impact of homonegativity on gynephilic men's visual attention toward non-preferred sexual targets

Consistent with men's gender-specific patterns of sexual arousal, men tend to look longer at their preferred gender when viewing mixed-sex sexual stimuli. But gynephilic men do attend to males featured in sexual stimuli, and individual differences in negative affect may explain some variability in their sustained attention toward male targets. We explored the influence of homonegativity and affective reactions on visual attention toward sexual stimuli and subsequent feelings of sexual attraction. We sampled gynephilic men in two eye-tracking studies (Study 1: n = 49, Study 2: n = 38) that included measures of universalizing homonegativity, minoritizing homonegativity, and disgust to predict sustained visual attention and reported sexual attraction toward non-preferred targets in still-image and dynamic-video sexual stimuli. Greater feelings of universalizing homonegativity predicted less sustained attention toward solo non-preferred sexual targets. In dynamic stimuli depicting two non-preferred targets engaged in sexual intercourse, greater universalizing homonegativity predicted less sustained attention toward targets in the receptive role, but not in the insertive role. Greater feelings of universalizing homonegativity also predicted lower reported feelings of sexual attraction toward non-preferred targets. Results suggest that gynephilic men's attention and sexual attraction toward male sexual targets is influenced by homonegative attitudes and the target's sexual role.

Physical Activity from Childhood to Adulthood and Cognitive Performance in Midlife

The prevalence of cognitive deficits is increasing worldwide, making risk factor reduction a crucial target on the global public health agenda. Adulthood physical activity (PA) is suggested to protect against old-age cognitive deficits, but the independent role of childhood / youth PA for adulthood cognitive performance is unknown. PURPOSE: We investigated the association between PA from childhood to adulthood and midlife cognitive performance. METHODS: This study is a part of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. From 1980, a population-based cohort of 3,596 children (baseline age 3-18 years) have been followed-up for 31 years in 3-9-year intervals. PA was queried in all study phases. Cumulative PA was determined in childhood (age 6-12 years), adolescence (age 12-18 years), young adulthood (age 18-24 years) and adulthood (age 24-37 years). Cognitive performance was assessed using computerized neuropsychological test in 2011 among 2,026 participants aged 34-49 years. RESULTS: High PA level in childhood (β 0.119, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.055-0.182, p=0.0002), adolescence (β=0.125 SD, 95% CI 0.063-0.188, p<0.0001), young adulthood (β=0.135 SD, 95% CI 0.063-0.207, p=0.0002) and adulthood (β=0.045 SD, 95% CI 0.013-0.077, p=0.006) was independently associated with better reaction time in midlife. Additionally, an independent association between high PA level in young adulthood (β 0.101, 95% CI 0.001-0.200, p=0.048) and adulthood (β=0.064 SD, 95% CI 0.018-0.110, p=0.006) and better visual processing and sustained attention in midlife was found among men. Associations for other cognitive domains were not found. CONCLUSIONS: Cumulative exposure to PA from childhood to adulthood was found to be associated with better midlife reaction time both in men and women. Furthermore, cumulative PA exposure in young adulthood and adulthood was associated with better visual processing and sustained attention in men. These associations were independent of PA levels in other measured age frames. Therefore, physically active lifestyle should be adopted already in early childhood, and continued into midlife to ensure the plausible benefits of PA on midlife cognitive performance. Concluding, this study provides novel insight into cost-effective and well-timed promotion of cognitive health.

Physical Activity from Childhood to Adulthood and Cognitive Performance in Midlife.

Physical activity (PA) has been suggested to protect against old-age cognitive deficits. However, the independent role of childhood/youth PA for adulthood cognitive performance is unknown. This study investigated the association between PA from childhood to adulthood and midlife cognitive performance. This study is a part of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Since 1980, a population-based cohort of 3596 children (age, 3-18 yr) have been followed up in 3- to 9-yr intervals. PA has been queried in all study phases. Cumulative PA was determined in childhood (age, 6-12 yr), adolescence (age, 12-18 yr), young adulthood (age, 18-24 yr), and adulthood (age, 24-37 yr). Cognitive performance was assessed using computerized neuropsychological test, CANTAB® (N = 2026; age, 34-49 yr) in 2011. High PA in childhood (β = 0.119; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.055-0.182) and adolescence (β = 0.125; 95% CI, 0.063-0.188) were associated with better reaction time in midlife independent of PA in other age frames. Additionally, an independent association of high PA in young adulthood with better visual processing and sustained attention in midlife was observed among men (β = 0.101; 95% CI, 0.001-0.200). There were no associations for other cognitive domains. Cumulative exposure to PA from childhood to adulthood was found to be associated with better midlife reaction time. Furthermore, cumulative PA exposure in young adulthood and adulthood was associated with better visual processing and sustained attention in men. All associations were independent of participants PA level in other measured age frames. Therefore, a physically active lifestyle should be adopted already in childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood and continued into midlife to ensure the plausible benefits of PA on midlife cognitive performance.

Objective assessment of the contribution of dental esthetics and facial attractiveness in men via eye tracking.

Recently, greater emphasis has been placed on smile esthetics in dentistry. Eye tracking has been used to objectively evaluate attention to the dentition (mouth) in female models with different levels of dental esthetics quantified by the aesthetic component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). This has not been accomplished in men. Our objective was to determine the visual attention to the mouth in men with different levels of dental esthetics (IOTN levels) and background facial attractiveness, for both male and female raters, using eye tracking. Facial images of men rated as unattractive, average, and attractive were digitally manipulated and paired with validated oral images, IOTN levels 1 (no treatment need), 7 (borderline treatment need), and 10 (definite treatment need). Sixty-four raters meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the data analysis. Each rater was calibrated in the eye tracker and randomly viewed the composite images for 3seconds, twice for reliability. Reliability was good or excellent (intraclass correlation coefficients, 0.6-0.9). Significant interactions wereobserved with factorial repeated-measures analysis of variance and the Tukey-Kramer method for density and duration of fixations in the interactions of model facial attractiveness by area of the face (P<0.0001, P<0.0001, respectively), dental esthetics (IOTN) by area of the face (P<0.0001, P<0.0001, respectively), and rater sex by area of the face (P=0.0166, P=0.0290, respectively). For area by facial attractiveness, the hierarchy of visual attention in unattractive and attractive models was eye, mouth, and nose, but for men of average attractiveness, it was mouth, eye, and nose. For dental esthetics by area, at IOTN 7, the mouth had significantly more visual attention than it did at IOTN 1 and significantly more than the nose. At IOTN 10, the mouth received significantly more attention than at IOTN 7 and surpassed the nose and eye. These findings were irrespective of facial attractiveness levels. For rater sex by area in visual density, women showed significantly more attention to the eyes than did men, and only men showed significantly more attention to the mouth over the nose. Visual attention to the mouth was the greatest in men of average facial attractiveness, irrespective of dental esthetics. In borderline dental esthetics (IOTN 7), the eye and mouth were statistically indistinguishable, but in the most unesthetic dental attractiveness level (IOTN 10), the mouth exceeded the eye. The most unesthetic malocclusion significantly attracted visual attention in men. Male and female raters showed differences in their visual attention to male faces. Laypersons gave significant visual attention to poor dental esthetics in men, irrespective of background attractiveness; this was counter to what was seen in women.

Cautionary Tales from the Sexual Revolution: Freedom Gained and Lost in 1970s Novels, Films, and Memoirs

Miss America pageant debuted in Atlantic City on 8 September 1921 as a gimmick by local businessmen to extend the summer tourist season beyond its traditional Labor Day demise. Despite the obvious commercial interests that motivated the event, one can hardly ignore the coincident history that may also in part explain the pageant's origins-or at least its initial tremendous popularity: a year earlier, the nation had ratified the nineteenth amendment, guaranteeing women the right to vote, and a decade of relaxed sartorial and rules had just begun. At this moment, a group of male business leaders and, to be sure, a large contingent of mixed audience members (not to mention the enthused contestants themselves) seemed to seek reassurance in images of traditional femininity on display for general consumption. In other words, no sooner had women staked out for themselves a measure of political, personal, and freedom then they found it recouped to their detriment by those exploiting female sexuality for public commercial and private psychological gains.Just as ironically, the 1968 Miss America pageant provided the stage whereupon the second-wave feminist movement impressed itself on the national consciousness for the first time. A group called the New York Radical Women (NYRW) marched on the Boardwalk, carrying signs that read Let's Judge Ourselves as People and Cattle Parades are Degrading to Human Beings; in keeping with their meat theme, they crowned a live sheep as Miss America. They also filled up a Freedom Trash Can with instruments of female torture (Morgan, No More 584), including false eyelashes, copies of Playboy and Ladies Home Journal, high heels, make-up, and the pneumatic (Greer 39) of midcentury repute. Although they were denied the necessary permits to ignite the toxic, plasticky load into a stinky blaze, so expected was the conflagration that would conclude the stunt that the appellation bra-burner was born then and there and attached pejoratively to the second-wave women's movement from then on. Thursday following the event, Art Buchwald's column The Bra-Burners lamented the protesters' misguided decision to give up the accoutrements that drew men's attention; without them, he comically averred, they would all come to resemble the eccentric musical performer of the era, Tiny Tim. Buchwald's column thus fanned the flames, so to speak, regarding the second wave's pyromania with respect to female foundations; as Ruth Rosen has observed, bras seemed to mean a great deal to those journalists who couldn't tell the difference between the revolution and women's (160); Rosen adds, 'bra-burning' became a symbolic way of sexualizing-and thereby trivializing-the women's struggle for emancipation (161). With due respect to the basic truths of Rosen's assessment, progressive, radical/revolutionary women's liberation and potentially recuperative, exploitative freedom were as intertwined and interdependent for some (see, e.g., Ehrenreich et al. 40) as they were mutually exclusive and cross-canceling for others. And for all involved, the payout was complex indeed: note for instance how the Radical Women's entirely legitimate complaint against confining, painful, denaturalizing bras, corsets, and girdles-and the myriad cultural confinements keyed to their presence on the public stage-could not but pale in comparison, as an overdramatized bra-burning, in the crisis-laden landscape of money-burning (by the Diggers of late 1960s San Francisco), draft card-burning, and crossburning of that era.The conundrum is exemplified once more in this famous photo from the 1968 Atlantic City protest (Figure 1):Despite the militancy of the demonstrating women, not to mention the clearly political intention of the poster itself, it is doubtful that the beefy, scornful viewer of this display has women's equality in mind. To be sure, the poster image, with its attractive, nude, alluringly posed model, sending clear signals with her flirtatious cowboy hat and sultry, over-the-shoulder glance, helps matters not at all, and one might puzzle forever regarding the motivation that led the protesters to make their statement with the aid of this particular image: clearly it exploits the very sexual sell that the Radical Women came to the Boardwalk to critique, and the look at me theatricality essential to all such protest actions from the period is just as difficult to distinguish from the feminine spectacle transpiring at the pageant inside. …

Sex and menstrual cycle influences on three aspects of attention

Sex differences and menstrual cycle influences have been investigated in a variety of cognitive abilities, but results regarding attention are comparably sparse. In the present study, 35 men and 32 naturally cycling women completed three attention tasks, which are commonly used in neuropsychological assessment situations. All participants completed two sessions, which were time-locked to the follicular (low progesterone) and luteal cycle phase (high progesterone) in women. The results reveal higher operation speed during sustained attention in men, but no sex differences in selected and divided attention. Menstrual cycle influences were observed on accuracy in all three tasks. During divided and sustained attention, for which a male advantage was previously reported, accuracy was higher during the early follicular compared to the mid-luteal cycle phase. Furthermore, during selected and sustained attention the learning effect from the first to the second test session was higher in women who started the experiment in their luteal cycle phase. These results suggest a possible role of progesterone in modulating the ability to focus on certain stimulus aspects, while inhibiting others and to sustain attention over a longer period of time.

El complot de los objetos

From the assumption that architecture and objects have different ontological statuses, there is the hypothesis that in modern society objects, artefacts, are capturing the space and the attention of men in their daily life. This eagerness of appropriation is taking place in detriment of architecture. It seems that the system of objects, artefacts, is pretending to have exclusiveness in the supply of symbolic dimension and the sense that human beings ask to the environment in which they live. From the issue of the Body without Organs, about which Deleuze and Gattari thought, physical characteristics that the human body establishes with objects and architecture itself will be analysed. The core of the study consists in putting into relation two very important pieces for architecture: the Eames Case Study 8 and the Smithson’s House of the Future. From this analysis we will obtain some interesting consequences in order to verify how there are two ways to confront the competitive relation between architecture and objects. How there is a way to make architecture from the design to serve the objects (Eames); and another that pretends to make a great habitable object that absorbs other domestic objects and that becomes parodic in not giving up the attributes of architecture (Smithson).

The clinical importance of quantifying body fat distribution during androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer.

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is now considered a mainstay in the treatment of metastatic and locally advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Despite well-established benefits of ADT in relation to overall survival, this treatment has been associated with a number of adverse effects, particularly with regard to key cardiometabolic risk factors including the development of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and increases in total and regional fat mass. In non-ADT populations, increased levels of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) are thought to be a key mediator of the increased cardiometabolic risk associated with weight gain, but this has received limited attention in men treated with ADT. VAT is best assessed using tools such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging; however, these tools are not readily accessible for the majority of researchers or clinicians. Recent advances allow for a method of estimating VAT using a whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan that shows promise as a practical tool for researchers to evaluate changes in body fat distribution during ADT. The aim of this narrative review is to (1) review the available evidence with regard to the relationship between ADT and cardiometabolic risk; (2) discuss the role of body fat distribution on cardiometabolic risk in non-ADT populations, with a particular emphasis on the importance of visceral adiposity; (3) examine the potential influence of ADT on body fat distribution and visceral adiposity and (4) provide an overview of current tools used to measure changes in body fat distribution in men treated with ADT, highlighting the potential utility of a recently developed DXA-derived measure of VAT.