Attention Deficit Hyperkinetic Disorder Research Articles

Gender Disparities in First Authorship in Publications Related to Attention Deficit Hyperkinetic Disorder (ADHD) and Artificial Intelligence (AI).

The medical profession has experienced a significant increase in the number of women practitioners in recent decades, leading to a reduction in the gender gap. According to the United States Medical Association, approximately 25% of physicians in the United States are now women. Although this progress is evident in the clinical setting, women's representation in academic medicine remains disproportionately low. The underrepresentation of women in academia has various consequences, including limited access to academic resources and hindered career growth. Previous studies have attempted to analyze these disparities, but results have been inconsistent, and the issue's complexity has not been fully understood. This study aims to examine the disparity in the gender of first authors in academic publications related to " Artificial intelligence (AI) and Attention Deficit Hyperkinetic Disorder (ADHD)"between 2010 and 2023. Analysis was conducted on June 21st, 2023, using the database PubMed. The search term "AI" AND "ADHD" was used to derive all articles over a period of 13 years, from January 1st, 2010, to December 31st, 2022, excluding the year 2023 due to limited available publications. The relevant articles were downloaded in Microsoft Excel sheets. The gender of the first authors was determined using the NamSor app V.2, an application programming interface (API) with a large dataset of names and countries of origin. A total of 204 articles were considered for this study.There were 78 female first authorsand 126male first authors. The highest number of publications with a male first author occurred in 2022, with 32 publications. The Netherlands, Singapore, Turkey, and China have the highest gender ratios, indicating a more favourable representation of both genders. The p-value of 0.2664 suggests that there is no significant association between gender and country. The findings revealed a gender disparity, with a higher number of male first authors. By addressing and rectifying these disparities, we can enhance the overall quality, diversity, and inclusivity of research in the field of ADHD and Artificial Intelligence.

Behavior Problems in Children With Epilepsy (Age 6–14 years): A Prospective Observational Study

Background Epilepsy's psychological effects are variable, some may experience a few mental health issues while some may experience serious problems such as anxiety, depression, attention deficit hyperkinetic disorder (ADHD), and mood disorders. Hence, there is a need to screen these problems at an early age for timely intervention. So, our study was conducted to determine the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in children with epilepsy. Methods This was a prospective observational study on 111 children, 6 to 14 years of age. The overall prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in childhood was determined by calculating the percentage of children with child behavior checklist score indicative of specific emotional and behavioral problems. The prevalence for specific morbidities was also calculated and reported separately for each condition. Results were presented in the form of tables, charts, graphs, and narratives. Results The overall prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in children was 38.7%. Attention problem (13.5%), aggressive behavior (10.8%), social problems (8.1%), and withdrawal/depression (6.3%) were the four leading syndromes. The prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems was significantly associated with the age of onset of epilepsy, type of epilepsy, frequency of seizures, and antiepileptic drug therapy used by child. Conclusion As there is a higher prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in children with epilepsy, age of onset, frequency of seizure, and duration of diseases were found to be significantly associated with the occurrence of behavioral problems. Therefore, prompt and early screening for these problems, as well as integrated management consisting of pharmacotherapy, behavioral modification, parental education and counselling, psychotherapy and psychoeducation would help to reduce their effect in these patients.

Attention-deficit hyperkinetic disorder among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundType 1 diabetes is a common childhood disease that is affected by and affects every aspect in the life of the child or adolescent with diabetes. Data on attention-deficit hyperkinetic disorder (ADHD) among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes is limited. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of ADHD among a cross-sectional sample of 70 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes as compared to 70 matched controls and to assess the glycemic control of included patients. For a comprehensive evaluation, assessment was done using Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC, the 35 item), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—the fifth edition (DSM-5) criteria, and Conners comprehensive behavior rating scale—revised for parents/caregivers. Glycemic control of all included patients was also evaluated by HbA1c %.ResultsA screening PSC score was significantly higher for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes than controls (p < 0.001). Significantly larger number of cases with type 1 diabetes fulfilled DSM-5 criteria for inattentive or hyperactive or mixed type ADHD (14.3%, 17.1% and 18.6%, respectively) as compared to controls (4.3%, 5.7%, and 7.1% respectively, p < 0.05). Also, a significantly larger number (more than half, 57.14%) had a Conners score above 70, and the mean scores on Conners parent rating scale were also significantly higher for children with type 1 diabetes than controls (p < 0.001). Most of the included patients did not achieve adequate glycemic control (47.14% of patients were in poor control and only about one fifth achieved a HbA1c < 7.5%).ConclusionADHD is more common among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes than in healthy controls. It is important to perform psychiatric evaluation of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes especially those in poor metabolic control to assess for associated neuro-behavioral disorders such as ADHD. This is crucial to be able to properly design insulin therapy for such a group of patients who may suffer hypo- or hyper-glycemia due to inattention, forgetfulness, or hyperactivity and to properly select educational material that take the easy distractibility of ADHD patients into account as well as to be able to properly manage such cases given the extra stresses entailed in having a diagnosis of diabetes.

Personification of stress, depression, anxiety, and quality of life, among parents of attention deficit hyperkinetic disorder children

Personification of stress, depression, anxiety, and quality of life, among parents of attention deficit hyperkinetic disorder children

Case report of Encorporesis as a rare presenting symptom in Attention deficit hyperkinetic disorder in adolescent male

Case report of Encorporesis as a rare presenting symptom in Attention deficit hyperkinetic disorder in adolescent male

Effectiveness of Psychostimulant and Non-Psychostimulant Drug Therapy in the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention Deficit Hyperkinetic Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiological behavioral disorder of the child, adolescent, and adult characterized by problems of concentration, hyperactivity, and impulsivity caused by an imbalance of chemical neurotransmitters in the brain—dopamine and noradrenaline. ADHD first-line drugs are divided in psychostimulant, as Methylphenidate and Amphetamines and non-psychostimulant medications-Atomoxetine (the only representative non-psychostimulant medication approved in our country in children and adolescents). The purpose of our research was to assess the clinical evolution of patients with ADHD based on the drug treatment that is administered: psychostimulant or non-psychostimulant. Both psychostimulant—Methylphenidate, and non-psychostimulant therapy—Atomoxetine, proved to significantly improve the symptoms of attention deficit hyperkinetic disorder. There was a significant reduction in the severity of ADHD symptoms at six months and at one year from the start of treatment in the case of the psychostimulant group, whereas in the non-psychostimulant group, the significant reduction in severity of symptomatology occurs only at six months after the start of treatment. We can conclude that both types of drugs are effective in reducing the severity of symptoms and in improving the clinical condition of patients with ADHD, but the comparative analysis of the two groups demonstrated that significantly better results are obtained with psychostimulant treatment.

"Recovering With Nature": A Review of Ecotherapy and Implications for the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Connection with nature has been considered beneficial for psychological well-being since times of evolution. Differences in Indian and Western thoughts have viewed natural elements in different lights, varying between eco-centrism to anthropocentrism. The intrusion of technology and digitalized lives as a result of globalization has decreased connectedness with nature. Ecotherapy is a novel form of psychotherapeutic technique based on explicit environmental or ecological interventions. Social and therapeutic horticulture, animal-assisted interventions, care farming, green exercise, environmental conservation and wilderness therapy are some of the ecosystem-based approaches used in mental health. Based on the principles of positive and client-centered psychology, ecotherapy-related techniques have been shown to be effective in medical disorders like hypertension, obesity, post-surgical recovery and psychosocial conditions like depression, stress reduction, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), attention deficit hyperkinetic disorder (ADHD) and adjustment disorders. The principles of ecotherapy have been integrated into other psychotherapeutic techniques for better efficacy. This review attempts provides an overview of techniques, applications and challenges related to ecotherapy in psychology. The implications of its use during the ongoing Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) crisis, social isolation and consequent psychosocial aftermath are also discussed.

Impact of COVID-19 and Lockdown on Children with ADHD and Their Families-An Online Survey and a Continuity Care Model.

Background Little is known about the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on children with attention-deficit hyperkinetic disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to assess the impact of lockdown on children with the ADHD, and their families. Additionally, feasibility of carrying out “text message-based” intervention was evaluated. Methods An online survey was performed to evaluate the impact of lockdown on children with ADHD and their family members. Additionally, a “text message”-based intervention was performed over 2 weeks. Along with the text-based intervention, we also provided reading materials and an option of telephonic consultation. Results Of the 80 parents who initially consented to participate, 48 filled the baseline survey, and 41 agreed to receive intervention. Out of 41, 29 filled satisfaction survey. During the lockdown period, there was worsening of symptoms of ADHD in the form of increase (slight or marked) in the activity level (50.1%), irritability (45.8%), and disturbing or disruptive behavior (47.7%) in children. In terms of behavior of family members, there was marked/slight increase in irritability (37.5%), and shouting at the child (43.8%), verbal abuse (25%), and punishing the child (27.1%). Additionally, there was an increase in the praising (67.6%) and spending time with the child (72.9%). Text-based messages on a scale of 0 to 10 were rated as 5.79 for the content, 5.76 for the usefulness, and 6 for satisfaction. Conclusion Lockdown resulted in worsening of symptoms among children of ADHD and it had impact on the interaction pattern of the children and parents. A “text message”-based intervention is a feasible and possibly acceptable option to deal with the behavioral problem of the children and adolescents with ADHD.

FV 9 Therapeutic effect of Infra-Low-Frequency (ILF-) Neurofeedback training on Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit (Hyperkinetic) Disorder

FV 9 Therapeutic effect of Infra-Low-Frequency (ILF-) Neurofeedback training on Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit (Hyperkinetic) Disorder

Relationship between bipolar disorder and attention deficit hyperkinetic disorder: An exploratory study.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of comorbid attention deficit hyperkinetic disorder (ADHD) on Bipolar disorder (BD). Patients aged 13-40 years with diagnosis of BD with ADHD (N = 30) were compared to those with BD without ADHD (N = 69) for clinical course, functional outcome and quality of life. Those with BD + ADHD had significantly lower age of onset of BD (p < 0.001), a significantly higher number of total lifetime episodes (p = 0.002), higher number of lifetime manic episodes (p = 0.008), higher number of hospitalizations (p = 0.004) and higher prevalence of family history of BD as compared to those with BD without ADHD (p = 0.043). BD + ADHD group had poor response to conventional mood stabilizers and significantly higher prescriptions of atypical antipsychotics (p = 0.001) and higher rates of antidepressant-induced switch. Also, BD + ADHD group had significantly lower level of functioning in personal, occupational and social domains and reduced quality of life. In the BD + ADHD group, 40% patients had persistence of ADHD into adulthood. Comorbid current ADHD had more negative impact on the course and outcome of BD, when compared with those with ADHD in the past. Comorbid ADHD has negative impact on the course and outcome of BD.

Bioethics In Intervention In The Deficit Attention Hyperkinetic Disorder (Adhd)

Attention Deficit Hyperkinetic Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders that occurs during childhood and adolescence. Attention Deficit Hyperkinetic Disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neuro-biological disorder that begins in childhood and which is characterized by a level of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity that are inappropriate with the development, and which may manifest in various combinations at school, at home and in social contexts . How to cite: Damian, S.I., Rohozneanu, A., Glodeanu, A., & Tabian, D. (2017). Bioethics in Intervention in the Deficit Attention Hyperkinetic Disorder (ADHD). Eastern- European Journal of Medical Humanities and Bioethics , 1(1), 36-44. https://doi.org/10.18662/eejmhb/02

Association of Attention-deficit Hyperkinetic Disorder with Alcohol Use Disorders in Fishermen.

Introduction:Alcohol use is a widely prevalent problem and poses hazard during work for certain groups such as fishermen. Disorders such as Attention-Deficit/Hyperkinetic Disorder (ADHD) correlate with early onset and greater severity of alcohol use disorders.Aims:We planned to study the frequency of ADHD among fishermen in a fishing hamlet of southern India using adult ADHD self-reported scale (ASRS) and correlated with the severity of alcohol use disorder as evidenced by age at initiation of alcohol use, presence of harmful use, or dependence use as defined by Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT).Subjects and Methods:This was a community-based interview using AUDIT questionnaire for severity of alcohol use and the ASRS to detect ADHD.Results:The prevalence of adult ADHD among fishermen in this study was 25.7% using the critical items of the ASRS. ADHD was about twice as likely in participants with dependence as those without dependence (odds ratio = 2.10). ADHD was also more likely in participants with onset of use before 30 years of age than others (25.1% vs. 15.4%) (P = 0.27).Discussion:We found a high frequency of alcohol use among fishermen (79.8%). However, only 9.9% had alcohol dependence which is higher than the general population (2.3%) in the region. Fishermen with alcohol dependence were twice as likely to have ADHD as those without alcohol dependence.Conclusion:In a community-based survey of fishermen, the prevalence of alcohol dependence was about 10%. The presence of alcohol dependence predicted a two times higher likelihood of ADHD among fishermen than those without alcohol dependence.

ADHD from a multidisciplinary perspective

Attention Deficit Hyperkinetic Disorder (ADHD) is a childhood onset disorder that can persist in adulthood. Through its etiological and clinical heterogeneity, ADHD becomes a complex disorder with serious implications for the functioning of the child or adolescent in the family, school, and group of friends. The multidisciplinary intervention becomes a necessity not only for the target symptoms (hyperactivity, attention deficit and impulsivity) but also for the social relations, the emotional regulation capacity and the functioning in the family, school and social environment through the active involvement of the child, family and cadres in the therapeutic process.

A rare case of Stevens- Jonhson Syndrome with attention deficit hyperkinetic disorder and seizure disorder for circumcision: An anesthetic challenge

Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) is an acute reaction to medications. It is a severe form of erythema multiforme. It is characterized with vesiculobullous eroded lesions of the skin and mucous membrane. Anesthetic management pertains to the drugs that can be used for anesthesia and preventing injury of oropharynx and larynx due to lesions. We report a rare case of SJS with attention deficit hyperkinetic disorder and seizure disorder for circumcision.

A compulsion to throw away prescribed tablets in a case of childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder with attention deficit hyperkinetic disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most complex and disabling disorders presenting to a hospital setting. Its symptomatology can mimic other psychiatric disorders, especially in children, making it confusing for the treatment team. It is often associated with comorbidities such as tics, depression, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We hereby report an instance of ADHD-OCD co-occurrence in a 16-year-old boy, who presented with a 9-year history of restlessness, obsessions of contamination, symmetry, causing harm to others, setting fire, magical thoughts, with compulsions of washing, checking, ordering and arranging, counting and repeating, swallowing stones, mental rituals, and self-mutilating behavior. Independent of these repetitive rituals, there were multiple instances throughout his schooling where he would be in disciplinary trouble due to his hyperactivity, disorganization, and inattentiveness. The resulting distress from all the above symptomatology had led to two suicidal attempts. His presentation to us was the index presentation to a psychiatric setting, and following initiation of treatment, he developed a compulsion to throw away his prescribed tablets. The interesting aspects of the phenomenology and management will be discussed.

Magnitude of Attention Deficit Hyper Kinetic Disorder among School Children of Mysore City

Magnitude of Attention Deficit Hyper Kinetic Disorder among School Children of Mysore City

Gilles De La Tourette Syndrome: A Case Report

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome otherwise simply known as Tourette Syndrome (TS) is characterized by involuntary movements and phonation; invariably classified as tic disorder1.A tic is an involuntary, sudden, rapid, recurrent, non-rhythmic, stereotyped, motor movement or vocalization. The most common co-occurring disorders with TS are Attention Deficit Hyperkinetic Disorder (ADHD) 50-60% and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) 30-70%. This Case report describes the history of a 38-year-old man who showed symptoms of tic disorder, was initially misdiagnosed as having psychosis that later proved to be Tourette Syndrome. The patient was presented to the Psychiatry department in the October 2013 with chief complaints of repetitive turning of face to the left, anger outbursts, involuntary raising of the upper limbs, foul words usage and occasionally counting fingers over the past year that intensified in the 15 days prior to admission. The patient was prescribed a typical anti-psychotic such as Risperidone 2mg twice a day. Consequent admissions over the next one year showed new symptoms such as irritability, sudden movements of both upper and lower limbs, which progressed to jerking, hitting of his forehead multiple times, generalized body weakness, tremors of limbs that invariably led to disturbed sleep patterns. He was given combinations of neuroleptics such as Haloperidol and Olanzapine at doses of 5mg respectively with anti-depressants such as Lorazepam 1mg once daily and Fluoxetine 2omg thrice daily along with an anti-muscaranic agent Trihexyphenidyl 2mg twice daily. The patient was non-compliant with the prescribed medications. The patient reported in June 2015 and was admitted for a period of one month with extra pyramidal symptoms (EPS) as a side effect of the anti Haloperidol. The doctors decreased the dose of Haloperidol to 2.5 mg once daily to minimize his symptoms. Although the tic symptoms decreased effectively during his hospital stay, there were clear abnormalities in his social interaction which the doctors diagnosed later as schizoid personality traits.

Off-label prescribing of psychotropic drugs in a Danish child and adolescent psychiatric outpatient clinic.

This study aimed to describe the level of off-label treatment with psychotropic drugs at a child and adolescent psychiatric outpatient clinic in Denmark. We performed a cross-sectional study assessing records on patients treated with medicine at two outpatient clinics at the child and adolescent psychiatric ward, on 1 day in 2014. Prescriptions of drugs from ATC group N05-N06 were classified according to label status. Six hundred and fifteen drug prescriptions distributed on nine different drugs were prescribed to 503 children eligible for this study. Overall results showed that 170 of the 615 prescriptions were off-label, which corresponds to 27.6 %. Attention deficit hyperkinetic disorder (ADHD) drugs were prescribed 450 times (73.2 %) of which 11 prescriptions were off-label (2.4 %). Other psychotropic drugs comprised 165 (26.8 %) prescriptions and of these 159 (96.4 %) were off-label. With 106 prescriptions, melatonin was the most prescribed of these drugs; all prescriptions were off-label. The main reasons for classifying prescriptions as off-label were age and indication of treatment. This cross-sectional study reveals that medical treatment of children with other psychotropic drugs than ADHD drugs is usually off-label. ADHD drugs were, as the only drug group, primarily prescribed on-label. Although off-label prescription may be rational and even evidence based, the responsibility in case of, e.g. adverse drug reactions is a challenge, and clinical trials in children should be incited.

Yoga and mental health services.

Byline: B. Gangadhar, Kishan. Porandla United Nations and International community recognized our Indian National Wisdom - “Yoga” by declaring “June-21” as “International Day of Yoga.” The word Yoga means “union,” that is, union of one's personal consciousness with the cosmic consciousness. Yoga helps the evolution from “I” to “WE;” that is, from limited individual to global human being.[sup][1] For a psychiatrist, this “union” could also mean, the union of thought and affect as well as mind and body, which could have therapeutic potential. Yoga is a spiritual lifestyle that transcends all religions. Yoga is successfully applied in various psychiatric disorders over the globe with encouraging evidence coming from scientific publications in reputed journals, especially in last three decades. These reports suggest a need to integrate yoga in mental health services. Yoga has been used with success both in severe and less severe mental disorders as an intervention either with other conventional treatments or even solely. Different forms of yoga viz., Sudarashankriya, Sahajyoga, yogasanas, have been investigated with promising results in the treatment of depression.[sup][2],[3] These investigations were prompted by the observation that yoga led to a feeling of well-being and reduced dysphoria in clinically healthy subjects. Studies of varying research results indicate that patients benefited with regards to reduction in depression scores following yoga. In randomized comparisons, yoga fared nearly as well as an antidepressant drug (imipramine).[sup][4] Yogasana-based therapy alone too reduced depression to the level of remissions.[sup][5] In anxiety states too, yoga has proven benefits not only in the nonclinical population but also in clinical populations.[sup][6] Patients with the obsessive compulsive disorder have been treated with Kundalini yoga and the effects have been encouraging.[sup][7] Well-conducted clinical trials have confirmed the benefits of yoga added to ongoing, stabilized antipsychotic therapy in outpatients of schizophrenia. Benefits of Yoga on the negative and cognitive symptoms of the disorder are notable.[sup][8],[9] These two symptoms have been implicated in the functional outcome of schizophrenia patients. These promising findings of yoga in schizophrenia have led to an international guideline to recommend yoga in the treatment of schizophrenia along with medications.[sup][10] The chronic nature of this disease puts demands and on the caregivers, thus subjecting the latter to stress and burden. In a randomized trial, yoga has also shown promise in helping such caregivers of schizophrenia outpatients.[sup][11] Though there is no direct evidence of yoga helping patients of drug/alcohol dependence to remain abstinent, research indicates that depression symptoms during withdrawal in alcohol dependent subjects are reduced better if a yoga practice is added during such acute detoxification program.[sup][12] Isolated reports suggest a role for yoga in other conditions such as attention deficit hyperkinetic disorder and autism.[sup][13],[14] Chronic back pain, a condition for which psychiatric intervention is often sought, has been treated with yoga. A review on this subject supports a role for yoga.[sup][15] Success with yoga in reducing functional pain in somatoform disorders is recently reported.[sup][16] Senior citizens with minimal cognitive impairment (MCI) have experienced improvements in sleep, cognitive function, and quality of life following yoga practice.[sup][17],[18] It is known that MCI is a forerunner of later dementia. Would yoga delay the onset of dementia if applied as a lifestyle package in the elderly? Well-designed longitudinal trials comparing yoga with appropriate control intervention can provide an answer to this question. …

Diffuse Cerebral Atrophy, Central Sinus Venous Thrombosis, Hypoplastic Carpus Callosum, Adhd and Vsd in A Child; Anaesthestic Implications

Attention deficit hyperkinetic disorder (ADHD ) is characterized by inattention, poor impulse control, motor overactivity and restlessness.The clinical features most commonly seen in patients with hypoplastic carpus callosum syndrome are microcephaly, seizures, developmental delay or retardation, hypotonia, spasticity and multiple somatic anomalies including arthrogryposis, eye anomalies, syringomyelia in the spinal cord and facial dysmorphisms. The response to general anaesthesia with sevoflurane in this rare complex combination of disorders and its postoperative outcomes were observed.