Features Of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Research Articles

Parent-reported symptoms of ADHD in young people with epilepsy before and two years after epilepsy surgery

The aim was to compare parent-reported symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) before (baseline) and two years after pediatric epilepsy surgery (follow-up). The parents of 107 children who underwent epilepsy surgery completed surveys including the Conners 10-item scale at baseline and follow-up. Changes in scores between baseline and follow-up were compared using paired sample t-test. Factors associated with changes in scores were analyzed using linear regression. Features of ADHD were significantly reduced at follow-up (p < 0.001). Items with the greatest reduction were items focusing on core aspects of the diagnostic criteria for ADHD. Fewer children were in the at-risk range for ADHD on the Conners 10-item scale at follow-up but this did not reach statistical significance (49% vs. 43%; p = 0.481). Factors independently significantly associated with improvement in ADHD symptoms on multivariable analysis were higher baseline scores (p < 0.001), seizure-free status (p = 0.029), and right-sided surgery (p = 0.031). Children who undergo epilepsy surgery have a high rate of ADHD symptoms. Parent-rated symptoms of ADHD improved at 2-year follow-up after epilepsy surgery. All children undergoing epilepsy surgery should undergo assessment for ADHD at baseline and follow-up.

Adult women and ADHD: On the temporal dimensions of ADHD identities

AbstractThis paper uses conceptual resources drawn from psychosocial process thinking (Brown &amp; Reavey, 2015; Brown &amp; Stenner, 2009; Stenner, 2017) and from G.H. Mead in particular, to contribute to an emerging body of work on the experiences of adult women with ADHD (Horton‐Salway &amp; Davies, 2018; Quinn &amp; Madhoo, 2014; Singh, 2002; Waite &amp; Ivey, 2009). It has a particular focus on how ADHD features in the construction of women's identities and life‐stories and it draws upon findings from a qualitative investigation of adult women diagnosed or self‐diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). A theoretically informed ‘thematic decomposition’ of 16 depth interviews reveals how complex processes of identity transformation are mediated by the social category of ADHD. Through this process, troubled pasts are reconstructed from the perspective of an ‘emergent’ identity that offers participants the potential for a more enabling and positive future.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An integrated developmental psychopathology and Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by heterogeneous behaviors and symptoms, developmental trajectories, and treatment response. Isolating intermediate phenotypes that are superior to current DSM-based nosology in order to explain such heterogeneity is integral to enhancing etiological theory, improving clinical assessment, predicting treatment response, and developing tailored treatments. To this end, this review provides an integrated developmental psychopathology and National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach to ADHD. In particular, associations between ADHD and RDoC domains of cognition (specifically working memory) and positive valence (reward anticipation/delay/receipt) are discussed. These domains are examined across behavioral and neurocircuitry levels of analysis and placed within a developmental context via examining associations among RDoC domains, relevant features of ADHD, and environmental correlates implicated across development. Limitations of the existing literature and proposed future directions are explored. Importantly, future work should focus on novel approaches that account for developmental shifts in functioning of relevant RDoC domains over time, as well as further examination of the interaction across RDoC domains and levels of analysis.

Is there a prodrom period in patients with social anxiety disorder? A discussion on the hypothesis of social anxiety disorder development secondary to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The association between social anxiety disorder (SAD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is poorly established. In fact, increasing and converging evidences suggest that there is a close relationship between the two disorders. High comorbidity rate between these two disorders, follow-up studies showing high rates of later development of SAD in ADHD and treatment studies in which ADHD medications have been helpful for both conditions all indicate this relationship. Recently, we have published a hypothesis regarding the development of SAD secondary to ADHD. In this hypothesis, we recognized that patients with SAD seem to go through a prodromal period that we labeled as "pre-social anxiety." Detecting patients in this period before meeting full-blown SAD criteria provides early intervention and prevention of SAD. New, comprehensive follow-up studies which will investigate whether ADHD causes later SAD secondarily are needed. In the current review, taken into account our developmental hypothesis, we will discuss whether high comorbidity of SAD and ADHD is a chance finding (i.e., the two disorders are found in cases with no causal relationship between them) or can SAD develop secondarily due to childhood ADHD. Is there a prodrom period in patients with SAD as in cancer or psychosis patients? We are going to summarize the overlapping features of SAD and ADHD in terms of child/parents interaction and family issues, aversive childhood experiences, social skill deficits, and development of cognitive distortions.

Neurocognitive function in moderate-severe pediatric atopic dermatitis: A case-control study.

Epidemiological studies have shown an increased prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with atopic dermatitis (AD), but many of the features of ADHD may occur as a result of the poor sleep and itch distraction associated with AD. A case-control study was performed in children aged 6-17years with moderate/severe AD compared with age-/sex-matched healthy controls. Participants were screened for ADHD using Vanderbilt assessments. Seventeen patients with AD and 18 controls completed the study. Two children with AD (11.7%) and one control (5.56%) met screening criteria for ADHD via parent-completed Vanderbilt assessments; AD patients were not significantly more likely to screen positive for ADHD (P=0.47), or comorbid behavior disorders (P=0.23). However, AD patients were more likely than controls to exhibit ADHD-associated behaviors, most significantly inattention. Our AD cohort did not have a significantly increased prevalence of ADHD. Certain neurocognitive symptoms are increased in children with moderate-to-severe AD compared to controls.

Response-inhibition capacity in spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar rats: acquisition of fixed minimum interval performance and responsiveness to D-amphetamine.

Reduced response-inhibition capacity is a defining feature of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The fixed minimum interval (FMI) schedule has been systematically validated to assess such capacity in rats. On each FMI trial, the first lever press initiates an inter-response time (IRT); a potentially consummatory response terminates the IRT; only IRTs longer than a target interval result in access to food. Despite task validity, steady-state FMI performance in the most common animal model of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), is similar to normotensive control performance, even though SHR performs at lower levels, especially during acquisition, in similar response-withholding tasks. To determine whether such limitations of the model are specific to stable-state performance, this experiment compared FMI 6-s performance in SHR and Wistar rats during acquisition and in steady state, and assessed the effect of acute D-amphetamine (AMP) administration (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg) on steady-state performance. Median latencies to first lever press were consistently shorter in SHR than in Wistar rats; IRTs were shorter for SHR than for Wistar rats during acquisition, but substantially less so during asymptotic performance. AMP dose-dependently reduced latencies, shortened IRTs, and, at the highest dose, increased the proportion of IRTs under schedule control. These results suggest that, relative to Wistar rats, SHR have a reduced capacity to learn to withhold a reinforced response; once the FMI is acquired, high doses of D-AMP disrupt withholding performance in both strains, but they also enhance the responsiveness of both strains to reinforcement contingencies.

Auriculasin from Flemingia philippinensis roots shows good therapeutic indexes on hyperactive behavior in zebrafish

Previously, period1b−/− zebrafish mutants were used to establish an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) model, in which hyperactive behavior was found to be a typical characteristic of ADHD due to down-regulated dopamine levels. Here, we used five prenylated isoflavones from Flemingia philippinensis roots to study their therapeutic effects on hyperactivity behavior in period1b−/− zebrafish. Results of locomotor activity assay showed that auriculasin, one of the prenylated isoflavones, significantly reduced the hyperactivity behavior in period1b−/− zebrafish. Hormone measurement results showed that auriculasin increased melatonin and dopamine content. Results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that auriculasin down-regulated the expression of mao but up-regulated the expression of th and per1b. Thus, auriculasin demonstrated a potential biological effect on dopamine activity to inhibit hyperactivity behavior in the ADHD zebrafish model by regulating circadian clock gene per1b.

Epidemiological features of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at the National Children’s Hospital in 2016

Aim: To describe some epidemiologicalfeatures of children with ADHD at the National Children’s Hospitalin 2016Methods: A cross-sectional combined with qualitative method was conducted on 105 patients havingexamination at the hospital, using VADPRS.Result: There are 91.43% of children with ADHD, in which ADHD combined hyperactivity and attentiondeficit accounts for 58.1%, hyperactive ADHD accounts for 13.3%, inattentive ADHD accounts for 20%. Mostof the cases are male with 87.5%; Age: 6-9years rank the highest with 88,29%; living area: mostpatients live inthe countryside 55.21%; most of the parents have high school diploma with 78.13%. There is no relationbetween kinds of ADHD andgender, age, livingarea, parents occupation and qualification (p&gt;0.05).Conclusion: Patients with ADHD have common features of combined ADHD, male, age from 6 - 9, living inthe countryside and parents having high school diploma.

Perturbação de Hiperatividade e Défice de Atenção em Idade Pediátrica: Papel dos Cuidados de Saúde Primários

A perturbação de hiperatividade/défice de atenção (PHDA) é uma das perturbações do desenvolvimento mais fre-quentes em idade pediátrica. Caracteriza-se por manifestações comportamentais que afetam o funcionamento e de-senvolvimento da criança/adolescente, em diferentes contextos. Os médicos de família são essenciais na abordagem da PHDA, pela aliança que estabelecem com a família e pelo seguimento regular em consulta de saúde infantil. Neste artigo descrevemos as principais características da PHDA, valorizando aspetos relacionados com as comorbilidades, diagnóstico e intervenção terapêutica, mas sobretudo com a atuação do médico de família na identificação precoce desta perturbação, na sua sinalização aos serviços especializados e no seguimento destes doentes.

No Medication for My Child! A Naturalistic Study on the Treatment Preferences for and Effects of Cogmed Working Memory Training Versus Psychostimulant Medication in Clinically Referred Youth with ADHD

In this naturalistic clinical study, we explored the applicability and clinical effectiveness of Cogmed WMT, pharmacotherapy, and their combination for clinically referred children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Ninety youth with ADHD (ages 6–16 years) and their parents were offered the possibility to choose one of the three interventions. The motives for choosing various interventions were quite different. Medication was chosen because this treatment was expected to be most effective, but also because the Cogmed WMT program was regarded as too taxing. The choice for Cogmed WMT was mainly negatively motivated: participants tended to be strongly against the use of medication, found it a too rigorous step, or feared side effects and addiction problems. The choice for the combination treatment was strongly positively motivated: parents and youth indicated that they wanted to receive the best possible intervention and part of them also had high expectations of Cogmed WMT. In terms of clinical effectiveness, pharmacotherapy with stimulant medication and the combination treatment produced larger reductions in ADHD symptomatology than Cogmed WMT. Further, results indicated that Cogmed WMT selectively enhanced working memory performance. Finally, after conducting Cogmed WMT, youths and parents were more ‘open’ to accept pharmacotherapy as intervention, probably because the training increased greater insight in and awareness of the problematic features of ADHD.

Is motor activity during cognitive assessment an indicator for feigned attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults?

ABSTRACTObjectives: Several approaches, ranging from self-ratings of symptoms and impairments to objective neuropsychological testing, have been utilized during clinical evaluation in order to assess symptom and performance validity of individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood. Motor activity has not been considered yet in this context, which is surprising given that hyperactivity is a prominent characteristic of ADHD. Hence, the goal of the present study was to explore the incremental value of motor activity when assessing the credibility of individuals with adult ADHD at clinical evaluation.Method: Forty-six patients diagnosed with ADHD took part in the study. A simulation design was performed, in which 152 healthy individuals were allocated to either a control condition (n = 36) or one of three simulation conditions (n = 116), the latter requesting participants to feign ADHD. All participants completed a self-rating scale of cognitive functioning and performed a computerized test for vigilance. Body movements were recorded during vigilance testing via a motion tracker attached to the back of the participant’s chair.Results: Patients with ADHD reported significantly more pronounced cognitive complaints and performed significantly poorer on the vigilance test than control participants. Simulators of ADHD, as compared to genuine patients, showed excessively low performance on the vigilance test. However, neither self-ratings of cognitive functioning nor measures of motor activity were suitable to distinguish genuine from feigned ADHD. A hierarchical logistic regression model showed that motor activity had no incremental value in detecting feigned ADHD when vigilance test performance has already been considered.Conclusions: Standard neuropsychological tests of vigilance may be useful to measure both performance and credibility of individuals with adult ADHD at clinical evaluation. In contrast, self-reports of symptoms and impairments, as well as measures of body movements, may not support the assessment of credibility in this context.

T63. Parsing Attention Dysfunction in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently co-occur. One approach to study this comorbidity, is through the exploration of convergent symptoms. Aberrant attention, a core feature of ADHD, is widely present in ASD. Despite evidence of aberrant attention in ASD, the underlying mechanism/s and its correlation to ADHD is poorly understood.

P3-1-10. Interference effect of personality characteristics on language processing with background music: An event related potential study

In an attempt to evaluate the effect of background language reference, we examined the event-related potential (ERP) elicited by reading comprehension while listening to popular song. The subjects were 14 healthy Japanese speakers (21.3 ± 0.8 yrs). ERPs were recorded during judgment of grammatical tenses in English (Et task) or Japanese (Jt task) when exposed to English (Em condition) or Japanese (Jm condition) vocal music. The resultsrevealed a differential pattern of N400 component for native and non-native language processing. Thus, the amplitude of N400 was significantly larger in Et task compared with Jt task regardless of the language of background music (p = .003). Also, the amplitude in Jm condition of Et task showed a positive correlation with the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) index of the subject-rated Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS) (F3: r = .625, p = .017, F4: r = .584, p = .028). These findings suggest that the non-native language processing with background music is more detrimentally affected by the behavioral characteristics of ADHD.

On the Efficiency of Individualized Theta/Beta Ratio Neurofeedback Combined with Forehead EMG Training in ADHD Children.

Background: Neurofeedback training (NFT) to decrease the theta/beta ratio (TBR) has been used for treating hyperactivity and impulsivity in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, often with low efficiency. Individual variance in EEG profile can confound NFT, because it may lead to influencing non-relevant activity, if ignored. More importantly, it may lead to influencing ADHD-related activities adversely, which may even result in worsening ADHD symptoms. Electromyogenic (EMG) signal resulted from forehead muscles can also explain the low efficiency of the NFT in ADHD from both practical and psychological point-of-view. The first aim of this study was to determine EEG and EMG biomarkers most related to the main ADHD characteristics, such as impulsivity and hyperactivity. The second aim was to confirm our hypothesis that the efficiency of the TBR NFT can be increased by individual adjustment of the frequency bands and simultaneous training on forehead muscle tension.Methods: We recruited 94 children diagnosed with ADHD (ADHD) and 23 healthy controls (HC). All participants were male and aged between six and nine. Impulsivity and attention were assessed with Go/no-Go task and delayed gratification task, respectively; and 19-channel EEG and forehead EMG were recorded. Then, the ADHD group was randomly subdivided into (1) standard, (2) individualized, (3) individualized+EMG, and (4) sham NFT (control) groups. The groups were compared based on TBR and EEG alpha activity, as well as hyperactivity and impulsivity three times: pre-NFT, post-NFT and 6 months after the NFT (follow-up).Results: ADHD children were characterized with decreased individual alpha peak frequency, alpha bandwidth and alpha amplitude suppression magnitude, as well as with increased alpha1/alpha2 (a1/a2) ratio and scalp muscle tension when c (η2 ≥ 0.212). All contingent TBR NFT groups exhibited significant NFT-related decrease in TBR not evident in the control group. Moreover, we detected a higher overall alpha activity in the individualized but not in the standard NFT group. Mixed MANOVA considering between-subject factor GROUP and within-subject factor TIME showed that the individualized+EMG group exhibited the highest level of clinical improvement, which was associated with increase in the individual alpha activity at the 6 months follow-up when comparing with the other approaches (post hoc t = 3.456, p = 0.011).Conclusions: This study identified various (adjusted) alpha activity metrics as biomarkers with close relationship with ADHD symptoms, and demonstrated that TBR NFT individually adjusted for variances in alpha activity is more successful and clinically more efficient than standard, non-individualized NFT. Moreover, these training effects of the individualized TBR NFT lasted longer when combined with EMG.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Evaluation with a Continuous Performance Test.

Background and PurposeThe objective of this study was to determine if the MOXO visual- and vocal-distractors-based continuous performance test distinguishes patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) from those without NF1.MethodsThirty-five patients (16 males; mean age 9.91 years) attending a multidisciplinary NF1 clinic completed the MOXO test. The findings were compared to 532 healthy age-matched standardized control subjects (285 males) without ADHD.ResultsThe overall performance in the MOXO text was significantly worse in the NF1 group than in controls (p<0.01), but no group-specific pattern was identified. Impulsivity and hyperactivity were significantly more prominent in males than females (p<0.01). Compared to controls, the NF1 group exhibited significantly more failures to respond to target stimuli in the presence of visual distractors.ConclusionsMOXO scores are abnormal in patients with NF1, but the test cannot differentiate between NF1 with ADHD characteristics and ADHD. The test highlights sex differences in ADHD characteristics in NF1. Overreactivity to visual distractors may form part of the attention deficit in NF1.

Korean Pre-Service Teachers’ Knowledge of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Comparison with the German Sample

The aim of this study was to investigate Korean pre-service teachers’ knowledge of ADHD and to compare it with a previous German study (Lee, Lammers, & Witruk, 2015). Pre-service teachers’ characteristics (e.g. demographics and ADHD-related experiences) were compared by differentiating between their sub-groups. In total, 441 pre-service teachers participated in this study. Data collection took place from January to March in 2015, and SPSS 22.0 was applied for data analysis. The results showed that Korean pre-service teachers’ overall knowledge is rather low (42.28%). They are highly aware of ADHD characteristics (e.g. Students from any walk of life have ADHD; correct answer: true; accuracy: 79.8%), but lack knowledge of the cause of ADHD (e.g. Family dysfunction can increase the likelihood that a student will be diagnosed with ADHD; correct answer: true; inaccuracy: 68.9%), and have less knowledge of the prevalence of ADHD (e.g. Approximately 5% Korean school-aged students have ADHD; correct answer: true; no information rate: 56.7%). Moreover, their level of knowledge differs depending on ADHD-related experiences (e.g. whether training on ADHD has been provided in university). When compared with German pre-service teachers’ situation, the results of this research were remarkably similar to those from the Korean pre-service teachers’ sample. In conclusion, this study emphasized the importance of ADHD-related experiences, which can be a positive outlook on how to improve pre-service teachers’ accurate knowledge of ADHD. The more such experiences pre-service teachers have, the higher the level of their knowledge of ADHD will be. These experiences can help pre-service teachers to successfully prepare themselves to manage students with ADHD in the future. Keywords: knowledge of ADHD, pre-service teachers, Korea, Germany. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/up.2017.04

The Effects of Behavioral Parent Training With Adjunctive Social Skills Training for a Preadolescent Girl With ADHD and Borderline Personality Features

Girls with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at high risk of a range of social–emotional difficulties, including peer rejection, suicide attempts, and borderline personality disorder (BPD), which are associated with serious, long-term impairment and have not emerged as clearly in samples of boys with ADHD. BPD is a particularly concerning long-term outcome of ADHD in girls, given the high risk for suicidality and long-lasting relationship difficulties. Very little research has focused on treatment for the interpersonal impairments of girls with ADHD, or on addressing risk for developing BPD. This case study describes the use of behavioral parent training (BPT) with adjunctive social skills training (SST) to address the social–emotional difficulties of a 9-year-old girl, “Violet,” who was diagnosed with ADHD Combined Presentation and was being treated with medication for anxiety. Violet presented with many social difficulties, including low self-esteem, emotional dysregulation, and unstable relationships, which were conceptualized as borderline personality features (BPF). Treatment was associated with improvements in parent functioning, including reductions in caregiver strain and inconsistent discipline, as well as improvements in child functioning, including reductions in ADHD symptoms, a range of impairments, and BPF. This case study illustrates the benefit of a brief psychosocial intervention in reducing multiple indices of interpersonal impairment, including BPF, for a girl with ADHD.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Associated Cognitive Dysfunction in Pediatric Epilepsy

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neuropsychiatric comorbidity associated with childhood epilepsy, affecting about a third of children with epilepsy. In contrast, ADHD in the general population occurs in 4%-12% of school-aged children. The cause of this association remains unclear. It is likely that common mechanisms underlie the vulnerability for both executive deficits and epileptogenesis. There are characteristics unique to children with ADHD and epilepsy. The inattentive type of ADHD is more prevalent than the combined presentation in children with epilepsy, while the combined type is more common in the general population. Interestingly, there is an equal sex distribution of ADHD in patients with epilepsy, while in the general population, ADHD is 3-7 times more prevalent in boys. Specific features of ADHD seen in different epilepsy syndromes are frequently associated with executive deficits. Early screening of ADHD symptoms in children with epilepsy is essential, as timely interventions can improve academic and social function and outcomes. The mainstays of therapy include behavioral interventions and pharmacotherapy, with evidence demonstrating that stimulants are both safe and effective in children with ADHD and epilepsy.

The Effects of Vitamin D on Kynurenine Level in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: An Epidemiological Study

Background and aims: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most commonpsychiatric disorders with a worldwide prevalence of 5%. The prevalence is even higher among schoolage children ranging from 8% to 12%. ADHD is predominantly childhood-onset disorder and canpersist into adolescence and adulthood to inflict long-term harm. The aim of this study was to identifythe epidemiological features of ADHD and investigate the effects of vitamin D on kynurenine level inchildren with ADHD in Iran using ELISA method.Methods: A case-control study was designed. The study participants consisted of 40 patients withADHD and 40 healthy participants as control group. It was conducted in Isfahan Hasht Behesht hospitalfrom July to November 2015. All samples were treated with 1000 U of vitamin D as a tablet twicedaily. The level of kynurenine was measured in blood samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay (ELISA) method. Data analysis was done using SPSS software.Results: The results of this study showed that the mean vitamin D levels were 49.73 and 73.72,respectively before and after treatment in patient group, which seem significant. The mean vitamin Dlevel after treatment was higher in patient group in comparison with control group. On the other hand,the mean kynurenine levels were 608.1 and 662.9, respectively before and after treatment in patientgroup. The mean kynurenine level was the same before and after treatment.Conclusion: According to the results of the study, we can conclude that vitamin D did not have asignificant effect on kynurenine level in children with ADHD.

Overlapping and disease specific trait, response, and reflection impulsivity in adolescents with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Schizophrenia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are developmental disorders with shared clinical characteristics such as cognitive impairments and impulsivity. Impulsivity is a core feature of ADHD and an important factor in aggression, violence, and substance use in schizophrenia. Based on the hypothesis that schizophrenia and ADHD represent a continuum of neurodevelopmental impairments, the aim was to identify overlapping and disease specific forms of impulsivity. Adolescents between 12 and 17 years of age were assessed with the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-aged Children - Present and Lifetime Version. Subjects with early-onset, first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders (EOS) (N = 29) or ADHD (N = 29) and healthy controls (N = 45) were compared on two performance measures (Information Sampling Task, Stop Signal Task) and a subjective personality trait measure of impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Version 11 (BIS-11)). Significantly increased reflection impulsivity was observed in ADHD but not in the EOS group. No significant response inhibition deficits (stop signal reaction time) were found in the two clinical groups. The ADHD and the EOS group showed significantly increased motor, attentional, and non-planning subtraits of impulsivity. Impaired pre-decisional information gathering appeared to be specific for ADHD while the information gathering was not significantly reduced in subjects with EOS. Neither the ADHD nor EOS group showed impaired response inhibition but shared increased personality subtraits of attentional, non-planning, and motor impulsivity although the latter was significantly more pronounced in ADHD. These increased subtraits of impulsivity may reflect diagnostic non-specific neurodevelopmental impairments in ADHD and EOS in adolescence.