Abstract
Background and aims: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most commonpsychiatric disorders with a worldwide prevalence of 5%. The prevalence is even higher among schoolage children ranging from 8% to 12%. ADHD is predominantly childhood-onset disorder and canpersist into adolescence and adulthood to inflict long-term harm. The aim of this study was to identifythe epidemiological features of ADHD and investigate the effects of vitamin D on kynurenine level inchildren with ADHD in Iran using ELISA method.Methods: A case-control study was designed. The study participants consisted of 40 patients withADHD and 40 healthy participants as control group. It was conducted in Isfahan Hasht Behesht hospitalfrom July to November 2015. All samples were treated with 1000 U of vitamin D as a tablet twicedaily. The level of kynurenine was measured in blood samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay (ELISA) method. Data analysis was done using SPSS software.Results: The results of this study showed that the mean vitamin D levels were 49.73 and 73.72,respectively before and after treatment in patient group, which seem significant. The mean vitamin Dlevel after treatment was higher in patient group in comparison with control group. On the other hand,the mean kynurenine levels were 608.1 and 662.9, respectively before and after treatment in patientgroup. The mean kynurenine level was the same before and after treatment.Conclusion: According to the results of the study, we can conclude that vitamin D did not have asignificant effect on kynurenine level in children with ADHD.
Highlights
Regarding the psychological basis of human development, childhood is an important life stage during which psychiatric disorders may occur
The disorder is marked by disruption of catecholamine signaling, with mainstay treatments for the disorder targeting the dopamine and noradrenaline transporters and the alpha 2A-adrenoceptor.[20]
Previous epidemiologic cross-sectional studies conducted in children have shown lower circulating concentrations of vitamin D in children with Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) than in children without the disorder.[22]
Summary
Regarding the psychological basis of human development, childhood is an important life stage during which psychiatric disorders may occur. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder which is described by impulsiveness, inattention and hyperactivity,[1] known as one of the most common psychiatric disorders in children and teenagers.[2] According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V (DSM-V), there are 3 types of ADHD These subtypes of ADHD consist of inattentive (ADHD-I), predominately hyperactive-impulsive (ADHD-HI) and combined (ADHD-C), among which the inattentive and combined subtypes are the most prevalent.[3] Some impulsive, inattentive or hyperactive symptoms display before the age of 7 years and may cause impairment in this period of life.[2] the etiology of ADHD is not known, it is explained as a developmental failure in the brain mechanism in which inhibition is involved and underlies self-control.[4].
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