Attachment Level Research Articles

Evaluation of concentrated growth factors with and without metformin gel in the treatment of mandibular class II furcation defect

Abstract Background Untreated periodontal diseases in the molar region often result in loss of periodontal support. This results in the development of furcation defects. These defects have been associated with a deteriorating prognosis and without treatment may result in ultimate loss of the involved tooth. Furcation involvement therefore presents both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Objective The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of 1% metformin gel (MF) plus concentrated growth factors (CGF) versus CGF alone in the treatment of Grade II mandibular furcation defects, clinically, and radiographically. Patients and methods Nine patients with 20 Grade II mandibular furcation defect sites were selected and divided into two groups. Group I included 10 defects was treated with 1% MF gel plus CGF while group II included 10 defects was treated with CGF alone. The clinical outcome parameters were probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), and bleeding on probing. The radiographic study included furcation defect depth, width, and height assessed by cone beam computed tomography. The clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline, 3 and 6 months while the radiographic parameters were evaluated at baseline and 6 months. Results Both the study groups showed statistically significant improvement in all clinical parameters (PI, bleeding on probing, PPD, CAL) after 3 and 6-month postsurgical compared to baseline. A significantly greater mean reduction of PD and CAL were observed in group I compared with group II at 3 and 6 months. The radiographic assessment showed significant improvement in bone gain in both groups after 6 months postsurgery. Comparing the two groups, significant reductions of depth, width, and height were exhibited in group I as compared with group II at 6 months post-treatment. Conclusion Based on the results of the current study, CGF with and without 1% MF can be successfully used for the treatment of mandibular furcation involvement, however, the addition of 1% MF gel to CGF was found to have potentiating effect as it resulted in more favorable clinical and radiographic outcomes.

Effects of low-level diode laser therapy as an adjunct to modified Widman flap in subjects with Stage III periodontitis: A clinical study

ABSTRACT Background: A growing body of research indicates that low-level laser therapy’s (LLLTs) biostimulatory action benefits both hard and soft tissues, increasing collagen and promoting bone repair. Aim: This study was designed to assess the clinical effects of 810 nm low-level diode (GaAlAs) laser therapy as an adjunct to modified Widman flap (MWF) surgery in subjects with Stage III periodontitis. Materials and Methods: The study included 10 patients who were diagnosed with Stage III periodontitis. The contralateral control side received MWF treatment along with a placebo laser application, the test side received MWF along with LLLT. Following surgery, clinical measures including the papillary bleeding index (PBI), plaque index (PI), clinical probing depth (CPD), and relative attachment levels (RALs) were measured at 1, 3, and 6 months intervals. Results: Participants had a mean age of 35.3 years. The postsurgical intervention showed significant improvement (P < 0.05) only in PBI scores at 1 month (0.1 ± 0.31) and 3 months (0.10 ± 0.32) in intergroup analysis. Similar significant improvements were not observed with the measurement of other clinical parameters such as PI, CPD, and RAL. Conclusion: Biostimulatory effect of 810 nm LLLT was restricted to soft tissues only leading to improvement in PBI Scores. Its effect on other clinical parameters remains controversial during MWF surgery.

A comparative evaluation of lycopene versus diacerein gels in the treatment of stage II grade B periodontitis

Abstract Aim This study was directed to evaluate the adjunctive effect of topical application of lycopene gel versus diacerein gel in the treatment of stage II grade B periodontitis. Materials and methods Forty sites with stage II grade B periodontitis were randomly divided into four groups, 10 sites each. Group I (control group) received scaling and root planning (SRP) only, group II received SRP + 2% lycopene gel, group III received SRP + 2% diacerein gel, group IV received SRP + a mixture of 2% lycopene and 2% diacerein gels. Plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level were recorded at 1 and 3 months. Subgingival plaque samples were collected and analyzed by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test to assess the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) endocan level. Results All groups showed statistically significant improvement for all the clinical parameters at 1 and 3 months in comparison to the baseline values (P < 0.05). Intergroup comparison showed statistically significant improvement in plaque index at 1 month, probing pocket depth at 1 and 3 months, and in clinical attachment level at 3 months in favor of groups III and IV. Intergroup comparison of the GCF endocan level results showed a statistically significant improvement in GCF endocan level at 1 and 3 months for all groups in favor of groups III and IV. Conclusion All treatment modalities resulted in clinical improvement and biochemical benefits as adjunctive treatment to SRP. Since the diacerein and combination treatments showed relatively more favorable results, it is reasonable to assemble that they are potentiating materials for nonsurgical treatment of periodontal disease.

Horizontal bone augmentation with simultaneous implant placement using ridge splitting with sticky bone

Abstract Introduction A variety of bone grafting techniques had been used to augment horizontally deficient alveolar bone ridges to provide a sufficient bone volume to achieve a correct prosthetic three-dimensional placement of dental implants. Objectives To evaluate clinically and radiographically by cone beam computed tomography the amount of horizontal bone gain by ridge splitting with sticky bone technique for horizontal ridge deficiency with simultaneous implant placement; using piezo-assisted ridge splitting technique with sticky bone graft in patients who had bilateral posterior edentulous sites in the maxillary ridge. Patients and methods Seven patients with seven sites for ridge splitting modality. Each patient had posterior maxillary edentulous areas with horizontal ridge deficiency ranging from 3 to 5 mm. Piezo-assisted ridge splitting technique with simultaneous implant placement was used for augmentation. Patients were evaluated for clinical parameters, including ridge width using a bone caliper, radiographic assessment of marginal bone width and alveolar bone density using cone beam computed tomography, clinical attachment loss, plaque index, bleeding on probing, and pocket depth. Results were obtained at surgery time, 6 months postsurgery, and 18 months postsurgery. Results The was a statistically significant increase in bone width in the studied group. Also, bone density was slightly increased at implant and grafting sites at 6- and 18-months follow-ups. Furthermore, the group showed a statistically significant increase in bone width measured by bone caliper at baseline and at 6 months postsurgically. No significant changes were observed in plaque index, bleeding on probing, or clinical attachment level. Conclusion Ridge splitting with sticky bone surgical technique provides promising clinical and radiographic outcomes.

Locally delivered coconut oil in nonsurgical therapy of stage II and III grade B periodontitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Abstract Background and aim The study aims to evaluate and compare the effect of scaling and root debridement alone versus the use of topically applied coconut oil as adjunctive to scaling and root debridement in the treatment of Stage II and III Grade B periodontitis. Patients and methods Thirty-six patients with stage II and III Grade B periodontitis were randomly allocated to two groups. Group I (Control group) patients were treated with scaling and root debridement alone. Group II (Study group) of scaling and root debridement with a topically applied coconut. Clinical parameters including Plaque index (PI), Gingival index (GI), Probing depth (PD), and Clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Biochemical parameters evaluated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level at baseline, 1- and 2-months using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The results revealed that there was a significant reduction in PI, GI, PD, and CAL in the study group following the use of coconut oil as adjunctive to scaling and root debridement when compared with scaling and root debridement alone. Also, the study group showed a statistically significant decrease in the mean levels (TNF-α) than the control group at 1 and 2 months with (P < 0.05). Conclusions The use of coconut oil as adjunctive to scaling and root debridement may improve the healing outcomes in terms of clinical parameters such as PI, GI, PD, and CAL as well as the reduction of TNF-α levels in crevicular fluid in patients with Stage II and II grade B periodontitis.

The Influence of Leadership Style on Employee Loyalty at Karma Kandara

Lack of leadership style pay attention to the fate of its members can cause low productivity Work. So that leadership style must be able to influence and change the attitudes, and actions of its members for the interests and goals of the organization achieved. Employee loyalty is an important aspect in the success of the organization, because it reflects the level of commitment and attachment of employees to the organization where they work. It happened enhancement amount rotation employees at Karma Kandara for the 2019 - 2023 period which gave rise to desire for researc. The population of this quantitative study is Karma Kandara workers. Up to 71 respondents made up the samples that were used. The study needs certain statistics, specifically the number of employees from year to year. The primary data used in this study are questionnaires, or lists of questions, that were sent to respondents to complete using the Google Form platform. The fed up sample is the retrieval technique sample that is utilized. Utilizing SPSS for Windows version 18, the analysis approach employs basic linear regression. With a significance level of 0.000, it was determined that the leadership style had a tcount value of 5.055> ttable, or 1.7. Given that the significance threshold is less than 0.05, the study's hypothesis supports Ha and rejects Ho. Is it possible to conclude Accepted were the study's findings that "Leadership Style has a positive, direct, and significant effect on Employee Loyalty".

Impact of Tocopherol Supplementation on Clinical Parameters of Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background and Objectives: The significance of periodontal disease as a public health issue prompts the exploration of effective treatments, including the potential use of tocopherol (Vitamin E) due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Materials and Methods: The PICO statement (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome) was as follows: In patients with periodontal disease, does tocopherol (Vitamin E) supplementation compared to no supplementation or insufficient Vitamin E intake improve clinical outcomes such as gingival inflammation, pocket depth, and clinical attachment levels? This study searched through PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to June 2024 focused on studies involving human subjects with various forms of periodontal disease, analyzing the impact of tocopherol through dietary or supplementary intake. Primary outcomes evaluated included improvements in gingival inflammation, pocket depth, and clinical attachment levels, with data synthesis conducted according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Quality assessment and risk of bias were meticulously performed for the included observational studies and randomized controlled trials. Results: The meta-analysis incorporated 8 studies that were used for data extraction, totaling 12,832 patients, revealing a heterogeneous response to tocopherol supplementation, with a pooled odds ratio for efficacy in reducing periodontal disease severity at about 0.97 (95% CI: 0.96-0.98). Noteworthy findings indicated a statistically significant increase in clinical attachment loss and pocket depth with odds ratios ranging from 1.15 to 9.33 when Vitamin E was insufficient. However, the considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 88.35%) underscores variations in tocopherol's effectiveness across different populations and study designs. Conclusions: While tocopherol supplementation shows a modest benefit in managing periodontal disease, particularly in reducing clinical attachment levels and pocket depth, the variability in outcomes emphasizes the necessity for more research to establish standardized treatment protocols and dosages.

Association of periodontitis with serum osteoprotegerin level in type 2 diabetic postmenopausal women.

To evaluate the association of periodontitis with serum osteoprotegerin level according to glycaemic state in postmenopausal type 2 diabetic women. The case-control study was conducted from June 2019 to May 2020 at the National Diabetes Centre, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised postmenopausal diabetic women with good glycaemic control in group A, diabetic women with poor glycaemic control in group B, and non-diabetic healthy controls in group C. Participants were inducted by using the consecutive sampling technique. Assessment of periodontitis was done by measuring probing pocket depth, gingival recession and clinical attachment level. The ratio between serum osteoprotegerin level and glycated haemoglobin was calculated for all the subjects. Data was analysed using SPSS 24. Of the 150 subjects, 57(38%) were in group A with mean age 57.39±5.89 years, 43(28.7%) were in group B with mean age 58.91±4.95 years, and 50(33.3%) were in group C with mean age 54.92±4.62 years. Probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level and serum osteoprotegerin exhibited higher values in groups A and B compared to group C, and in group B compared to group A (p<0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between Probing pocket depth and serum osteoprotegerin in all groups (p<0.05). Periodontal parameters and serum osteoprotegerin level were significantly higher in diabetic women, especially in those with poor glycaemic control, than in healthy controls, and serum osteoprotegerin level showed a significant positive correlation with probing pocket depth in all the studied groups.

Periodontal regeneration using platelet-rich fibrin. Furcation defects: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

The objective of the study was to compare the treatment outcomes of periodontal furcation defects by using platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) with other commonly utilized modalities. The eligibility criteria comprised randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the clinical outcomes of PRF with those of other modalities for the treatment of furcation defects. Studies were classified into 11 categories in 3 different groups as follows: Group I (addition of PRF): (1) open flap debridement (OFD) alone versus OFD/PRF, (2) OFD/bone graft (OFD/BG) versus OFD/BG/PRF; Group II (comparative studies to PRF): (3) OFD/BG versus OFD/PRF, (4) OFD/collagen membrane versus OFD/PRF, (5) OFD/PRP versus OFD/PRF, (6) OFD/rhBMP2 versus OFD/PRF; and Group III (addition of biomaterial/biomolecule to PRF): OFD/PRF versus … (7) OFD/PRF/BG, (8) OFD/PRF/amniotic membrane (AM), (9) OFD/PRF/metformin, (10) OFD/PRF/bisphosphonates, (11) OFD/PRF/statins. Weighted means and forest plots were calculated for the reduction of probing pocket depth (PPD), gain of vertical and horizontal clinical attachment levels (VCAL and HCAL), gain in vertical and horizontal bone levels (VBL, HBL), and radiographic bone fill (RBF). From 45 articles identified, 21 RCTs reporting on class II furcations were included. The use of OFD/PRF and OFD/BG/PRF statistically significantly reduced PPD and improved VCAL and HCAL when compared to OFD or OFD/BG, respectively. The comparison between OFD/PRF alone versus OFD/BG, OFD/CM, OFD/PRP, or OFD/rhBMP2 led to similar outcomes for all investigated parameters, including a reduction in PPD, VCAL/HCAL gain, and RBF. The additional incorporation of a BG to OFD/PRF only mildly improved outcomes, whereas the addition of AM improved clinical outcomes. The addition of small biomolecules such as metformin, bisphosphonates, or statins all led to significant improvements in PPD, VCAL, and HCAL when compared to OFD/PRF alone. Noteworthy, a very high heterogeneity was found in the investigated studies. The use of PRF significantly improved clinical outcomes in class II furcation defects when compared to OFD alone, with similar levels being observed between OFD/PRF and/or OFD/BG, OFD/CM, OFD/PRP, or OFD/rhBMP2. Future research geared toward better understanding potential ways to enhance the regenerative properties of PRF with various small biomolecules may prove valuable for future clinical applications. Future histological research investigating PRF in human furcation defects is largely needed. The use of PRF in conjunction with OFD statistically significantly improved PPD, VCAL, and HCAL values, yielding comparable outcomes to commonly used biomaterials. The combination of PRF to bone grafts or the addition of small biomolecules may offer additional clinical benefits, thus warranting future investigation.

Studyholism and Attachment Style: A Study among Italian University Students.

Studyholism (or obsession with studying) is a new potential clinical condition introduced in the literature in 2017. Since then, growing research has supported its conceptualization as a clinical disorder and highlighted some potential intervention targets, namely trait worry, social anxiety, negative interpretation bias, and defense mechanisms. The present study aims to extend the literature concerning psychodynamic-related constructs that might constitute targets for interventions aimed at reducing Studyholism by investigating the role of attachment in 1073 students (Mage = 23.48 ± 3.77), balanced concerning civil status (i.e., currently being single or involved in a relationship/non-single). Among the main findings, we found that insecure attachment-mainly preoccupied attachment-is a positive predictor of Studyholism in both non-single and single students. However, there are also some differences depending on the civil status. Finally, (single) disengaged studyholics have a statistically significant lower level of secure attachment than (single) engaged studyholics. In conclusion, this study showed the value of distinguishing between non-single and single students when investigating the role of attachment. Regarding problematic overstudying specifically, the study provided support for its definition as a clinical disorder, also with evidence of the appropriateness of its OCD-related conceptualization. Finally, it suggests preoccupied (insecure) attachment as a target to reduce Studyholism by fostering in students the feeling of being loved and deserving of being loved in their current adult relationships.

Evaluation of salivary interleukin‐17 and developmental endothelial locus‐1 in patients with periodontitis with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus

AbstractBackgroundBidirectional positive relationship between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been recognized, interleukin 17 (IL‐17) and developmental endothelial locus‐1 (Del‐1) are proposed to play roles in periodontitis and T2DM. This study aims to investigate the association of IL‐17 and Del‐1 in patients with periodontitis with and without T2DM by measuring their salivary levels.MethodsA total of 80 participants were enrolled in a cross‐sectional study and divided into healthy (H, n = 27), periodontitis (P, n = 29) and periodontitis with diabetes (PDM, n = 24) groups based on their periodontal and diabetic examination results. Periodontal parameters (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing depth [PD], and clinical attachment level [CAL]) as well as diabetic parameters (fasting plasma glucose [FG] and glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c]) were documented and unstimulated saliva was collected. Salivary IL‐1β, active‐matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (aMMP‐8), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐17, and Del‐1 were determined through enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and their relationships with periodontal and diabetic parameters were examined.ResultsThe periodontitis and periodontitis with diabetes groups showed significantly higher levels of IL‐17 and lower levels of Del‐1 compared with healthy group. The periodontitis with diabetes group exhibited higher levels of IL‐17 and lower levels of Del‐1 compared with the periodontitis group. After correlation analysis, there were significant correlations between salivary IL‐17 and Del‐1 and clinical parameters, IL‐17 and Del‐1 were correlated with PD (r = 0.36, ‐0.39, p &lt; 0.01), CAL (r = 0.40, ‐0.42, p &lt; 0.01) and BOP (r = 0.35, ‐0.37, p &lt; 0.01), they were correlated with FG (r = 0.26, ‐0.25, p &lt; 0.05) and HbA1c (r = 0.28, ‐0.40, p &lt; 0.05). Positive relationships were observed between IL‐17 and IL‐1β and between IL‐17 and aMMP‐8 (r = 0.80, 0.77, p &lt; 0.01), while Del‐1 exhibited negative correlations with IL‐1β and aMMP‐8 (r = 0.59, 0.69 p &lt; 0.01). Comparison between IL‐17 and Del‐1 confirmed an inverse relationship (r = ‐0.71, p &lt; 0.01). Salivary Del‐1 levels in the older group were lower compared with young group across the H, P and PDM groups, although these differences were not statistically significant (p &gt; 0.05).ConclusionsSalivary IL‐17 and Del‐1 levels in the periodontitis with diabetes group showed significant changes compared with the periodontitis group, they exhibited an inverse relationship and were both correlated with periodontal parameters (PD, CAL, and BOP) and diabetic parameters (FG and HbA1c).Plain Language SummaryPeriodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two common diseases all over the world, some inflammatory mediators (interleukin 17 [IL‐17] and developmental endothelial locus‐1 [Del‐1]) regulate neutrophil production, recruitment and clearance when the body becomes infected and believed to be involved in the progress of diseases of periodontitis and diabetes. In this study, we enrolled healthy subjects, patients with periodontitis, patients with periodontitis and diabetes. We performed dental examinations and evaluated their blood glucose levels, collected their saliva, and detected IL‐17 and Del‐1 levels in their saliva. We found both patients with periodontitis and patients with periodontitis and diabetes showed higher IL‐17 levels and lower Del‐1 levels compared with healthy subjects. Patients with periodontitis and diabetes showed higher IL‐17 levels and lower Del‐1 levels compared with patients with periodontitis. Salivary IL‐17 and Del‐1 levels were both correlated with dental examination results and blood glucose levels, and salivary IL‐17 and Del‐1 displayed an inverse relationship.

The Effects of Laughter Therapy, Music Listening and Diary Keeping Given to Pregnant Women on Mental Health and Maternal Attachment Levels in Postpartum Period

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of laughter therapy, listening to music, and diary keeping interventions during pregnancy on the mother's mental health and the level of maternal attachment in the postpartum period. Material and Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study. The study consisted of 50 pregnant women, 25 in intervention, and 25 in control groups. Interventions consisted of listening to music, laughter therapy and diary keeping for six weeks. Data were collected with the Beck Depression Inventory, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory, and Maternal Attachment Scale. Results: It was determined that the change in mental health of women in the intervention group over time was significant (p

Comparative Evaluation of Coronally Advanced Flap and Vestibular Incision Sub-Periosteal Tunnel Access Technique with Platelet-Rich Fibrin in the Treatment of Gingival Recession Defects- A Clinical Study

ABSTRACT Background and Aims: This study aim to treat gingival recession defects in the anterior and premolar teeth of the maxilla and mandible by comparing two methods the coronally advanced flap (CAF) and the vestibular incision subperiosteal tunnel access (VISTA), both of which involve using platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). Materials and Methods: An age range of 18 to 50 years was examined for the study, which included twenty-four participants. The patients were chosen at random from the Outpatient Department of Periodontology at Shree Bankey Bihari Dental College and Research Centre in Masuri-Ghaziabad, U.P. They were divided into two groups of twelve each, and they were all diagnosed with isolated gingival recession defects on human maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth and premolars. Both Group A and Group B had recession defects covered with PRF membranes; however, Group A had a CAF and Group B underwent VISTA. Clinical parameters measured at baseline, 1-month, 3-months, and 6-months postoperative intervals included recession length, recession width, probing depth, width of keratinized tissue, clinical attachment level, and percentage of root coverage. Result Both groups demonstrated notable enhancements in clinical parameters. However, the values of Group B were more statistically significant (P &lt; 0.05) by showing a reduction in probing depth, recession length, recession width, clinical attachment level, and gain in width of keratinized tissue, as well as a percentage of root coverage, as compared to Group A. Conclusion The VISTA technique was considered a more conservative approach for treating gingival recession defects with PRF membrane that showed good clinical outcomes and better results.

Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Ferritin Levels as a Predictor Inflammatory Biomarker Before and After Non Surgical Periodontal Therapy- An Interventional Study

ABSTRACT Background: Ferritin plays a crucial role in the host immune response, with elevated serum ferritin levels established in various chronic inflammation-related diseases, including periodontitis. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of nonsurgical periodontal treatment on salivary ferritin levels in periodontally healthy and chronic periodontitis patients. Materials and Methods Fifty patients were selected and divided into two groups a control group of healthy individuals and an experimental group of chronic periodontitis patients. Salivary samples were collected using the drooling method to assess ferritin levels. The experimental group underwent nonsurgical periodontal therapy, with clinical parameters [plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), oral hygiene index-simplified (OHIS), bleeding point index (BPI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL)] recorded before and one month after therapy. Salivary samples were analyzed using CLIA, and statistical analysis was performed. Results: The control group showed significantly lower ferritin levels compared to the periodontitis group. Post-therapy, the periodontitis group exhibited significant improvements in both clinical parameters and ferritin levels. Conclusion: Salivary ferritin levels effectively predict periodontal disease and the impact of periodontal therapy, demonstrating its potential as a valuable biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring periodontal health.

The Role of Environment and Self on Self-Efficacy in Students' Career Decision Making

This research aims to assess the influence of the level of peer attachment, teacher support, parental support, self-concept, and planned career events on the career decision-making self-efficacy of high school and vocational school students. This research used a cross-sectional study design with a quantitative approach. This research was conducted on 317 students, with 157 high school students and 160 vocational school students determined by cluster random sampling. Data was collected through questionnaires and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Smart-PLS. SEM test results showed a significant positive direct influence between parental support, teacher support, and peer attachment on the self-concept of parental support, parental support, and self-concept regarding planned happenstance career, and teacher support and planned happenstance career on career decision-making self-efficacy. Apart from that, there was an indirect influence between parental support, teacher support, and peer attachment on career decision-making self-efficacy through self-concept and planned happenstance careers. Therefore, parents need to shape their children's promising planned careers so that they can have self-efficacy for making sound career decisions as well.

Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections on Periodontal Health During Accelerated Orthodontic Tooth Movement.

The interplay between orthodontics and periodontics is crucial for successful orthodontic treatment. Accelerating orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) can enhance treatment efficiency, but it is important to assess the impact of such methods on periodontal health. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as a promising adjunct in accelerating OTM, but its effects on periodontal health require further investigation. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of PRP injections on periodontal health during accelerated OTM by comparing clinical and biochemical parameters between a PRP-enhanced orthodontic treatment group and a conventional orthodontic treatment group. In this randomized controlled trial, 40 participants with anterior teeth crowding were divided into two groups: the PRP group (n = 20), which received standard orthodontic treatment with PRP injections, and the control group (n = 20), which received standard orthodontic treatment alone. Periodontal parameters, including periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and gingival recession (GR), were recorded at baseline, four, eight, and 12 weeks. Salivary aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured at baseline, one hour, 24 hours, seven days, and 14 days post treatment. No statistically significant differences were found between the PRP and control groups regarding periodontal parameters (PPD, CAL, BOP, and GR) and AST enzyme levels throughout the study period. Both groups exhibited slight increases in PPD, CAL, GR, and BOP over time, consistent with typical orthodontic effects. AST levels showed fluctuations but no significant differences between the groups. PRP injections did not demonstrate significant advantages over conventional orthodontic treatment in terms of periodontal health or AST enzyme levels. This suggests that PRP is a safe and non-inferior method for accelerating OTM without adversely affecting periodontal tissues. Further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups is recommended to validate these findings and explore the long-term effects of PRP.

Volatile sulfur compounds, biofilm, and salivary parameters in patients with periodontal disease: a cross-sectional study.

This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the interplay between volatile sulfur compounds (VSC), biofilm, salivary parameters, and periodontal status in patients with and without periodontal disease. Sixty-four subjects diagnosed with periodontitis and 60 periodontally healthy individuals were included. Probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, tongue coating index, plaque index, number of teeth, spinnability of unstimulated whole saliva, and salivary flow rate were evaluated. The concentrations of VSC were quantified using a portable gas chromatograph. The mean differences in hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, salivary flow, spinnability, and plaque index did not exhibit statistically significant variances between the two groups. However, a pronounced tongue coating index and a diminished tooth count showed statistical significance in the periodontitis group (p = 0.039; p < 0.001). Unstimulated salivary flow rate less than 0.25mL/min was statistically significant in the periodontitis group (p = 0.032). After controlling for confounding factors, bleeding on probing remained significant. A positive correlation between periodontal parameters and VSC concentration was found. An inverse correlation was also noted between the spinnability of saliva and tongue coating index (-0.34; p < 0.001). Salivary parameters may contribute to the formation of tongue coating and are correlated with periodontal status. Bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, and probing depth were identified as potential contributors to VSC formation.

Effect of Periodontal Treatment in Patients with Periodontitis and Diabetes: Review of Systematic Reviews with Meta-Analyses in the Last Five Years.

Periodontitis is a chronic infectious-inflammatory pathology, with a high prevalence, which destroys the dental support and, if left untreated, leads to tooth loss. It is associated with other pathologies, particularly diabetes mellitus. Our objective was to conduct a review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses to determine the evidence for periodontal treatment on periodontitis and diabetes. Second, we assessed the risk of bias and methodological quality using the AMSTAR-2 and ROBIS tools. We performed bibliographic searches in PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source databases and in the Web of Science (WOS) scientific information service to identify systematic reviews with meta-analyses from the last five years. Eighteen studies that met the inclusion criteria and evaluated 16,247 subjects were included. The most studied parameters were probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing and the glycated hemoglobin. Most of the included meta-analyses evaluated adult patients with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Most of the meta-analyses considered and assessed by AMSTAR-2 showed significant methodological errors. The risk of bias was the domain with the worst assessment with the ROBIS tool. Despite the weaknesses of the included meta-analyses in terms of methodological quality and the risk of bias, periodontal treatment and DM treatment appear to contribute to improved clinical outcomes in a bidirectional manner between periodontitis and DM.

Exploring the impact of smartphone addiction on mental health among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of resilience and parental attachment

Smartphone addiction is an increasingly severe issue in modern society, particularly impacting the mental health of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to explore the relationship between smartphone addiction and mental health issues among college students, and the mediating and moderating roles of psychological resilience and parental attachment. We employed a cross-sectional study design with 100,097 college Chinese students to examine the relationships between smartphone addiction, mental health (anxiety and depression), and the mediating role of psychological resilience. Parental attachment was assessed as a moderator within these relationships. Data were analyzed using multiple regression and mediation/moderation models, controlling for relevant covariates. Our findings revealed a significant positive correlation between smartphone addiction and both anxiety and depression. Psychological resilience mediated these relationships, suggesting that higher resilience levels can mitigate the negative psychological impacts of smartphone addiction. Additionally, parental attachment moderated the effects of smartphone addiction on psychological outcomes; stronger attachment was associated with less pronounced effects of addiction on anxiety and depression. Specifically, for students with low parental attachment, the predictive effect of smartphone addiction on anxiety and depression was more pronounced, whereas higher attachment levels were protective.

Place Attachment and Related Aspects in the Urban Setting

This study reviewed previous studies on place attachment and related factors in the urban setting. Assessments were conducted on over one hundred peer-reviewed journal papers that met the selection criteria. The results were divided into six categories. Place attachment can improve each of the three dimensions of wellbeing. It can also mitigate the negative impacts of environmental stressors on wellbeing. Furthermore, traditional gardens and local landscape characteristics contribute to a stronger place attachment, depending on the degree to which they present local history and culture. Green landscapes can also help immigrants feel more connected to their community and place of origin. Social interaction has also been linked to the development of place attachment, which is stronger in low-income/deprived neighborhoods. Furthermore, higher place attachment promotes civic engagement and social trust. Place attachment also helps older people cope with aging difficulties in their living environments. Finally, there is a mutually beneficial association between place attachment and perceived neighborhood walkability, as well as a relationship between the scale of the place and the level of attachment. The various research gaps recognized by this study could be addressed in future studies to better understand the role of place attachment in creating sustainable urban environments.