Insecure Attachment Research Articles

The influence of attachment style on support and feedback seeking and depression severity among mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The ways that people seek support during times of stress influence their mental health outcomes, including depression. Insecure attachment is a risk factor for depression and may also interfere with adaptive support and feedback-seeking behaviour during stress. The purpose of the present study was to test theorized associations between insecure attachment, support and feedback seeking, and changes in depression symptoms over 1 year, in a sample of mothers of school-age children in the context of stress elicited by the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants (N = 70 mothers) completed self-report measures of anxious and avoidant attachment and depression severity at baseline in spring 2020 and then completed measures of past-year engagement in direct and indirect support seeking and excessive reassurance seeking (ERS), preference for negative feedback, and depression severity at a follow-up assessment in summer 2021. Greater attachment anxiety at baseline predicted more frequent direct support seeking, indirect support seeking, and ERS during the 1-year follow-up period. In turn, greater indirect support seeking predicted greater increases in depression from baseline to follow-up. Greater attachment avoidance at baseline predicted less direct support seeking during the 1-year follow-up period. Greater attachment avoidance at baseline also predicted depression severity at follow-up, particularly among mothers with moderate to high levels of attachment anxiety, although none of the examined support and feedback-seeking behaviours mediated this association. These results provide support for the role of activated attachment systems in determining support and feedback-seeking behaviour during stress, as well as the role of support and feedback-seeking behaviour in the maintenance and exacerbation of depression.

Social assistance or agency? Attachment Styles Moderate the Impact of Control Threat on Social Relationship Preferences

Building upon Gasiorowska and Zaleskiewicz's (2021, 2023), we explored how a control threat and attachment style influence social relationship preferences. This experiment aimed to investigate how experiencing a control threat affects individuals with secure, anxious, and avoidant attachment patterns when they can choose between seeking assistance from the market, asking a close person for help, or coping with the situation alone. Participants with different attachment styles were randomly assigned to either the lack of control condition ( n = 290) or the having control condition ( n = 277). Individuals with an anxious attachment were more inclined to choose the market-exchange option and less likely to select the agentic and communal options when faced with a control threat. Meanwhile, those with an avoidant attachment exhibited a higher tendency to choose the agentic option, while their preference for noncontingent help decreased after exposure to the control threat. Surprisingly, secure attachment individuals showed an increased preference for noncontingent help and decreased preferences for market exchange and self-reliance when exposed to the control threat compared to when they had control. These findings suggest that participation in market relationships may meet vital psychological needs and serve as a safeguard against attachment insecurities.

How loneliness undermines close relationships and persists over time: The role of perceived regard and care.

Although loneliness has been associated with negative perceptions of social life in past research, little is known about the implications of loneliness for interpersonal perception within close relationships. The current research includes three studies (total N = 1,197) suggesting that loneliness is associated with a negative bias in perceiving relationship partners' regard and care and that this bias partially accounts for the effects of loneliness on lower relationship quality and problematic interpersonal behaviors. Loneliness was associated with perceiving family members (Study 1), friends (Studies 1 and 2), and romantic partners (Studies 1-3) as less admiring and caring, and these effects were independent of a variety of accuracy benchmarks, including partners' self-reports (Studies 1-3), reports from informants (Study 2), and objective observers' assessments of partners' responsive behavior (Study 3). Loneliness also predicted changes in perceptions of partners' regard over time (Study 3) and indirectly predicted lower relationship satisfaction, commitment, self-disclosure, and support provision through negative perceptions of relationship partners' regard and care (Studies 1-3). Studies 2 and 3 replicated these results in terms of day-to-day experiences (total daily observations = 16,064). The negative perceptions of partners' regard and care associated with loneliness predicted subsequent loneliness (Studies 2-3). Loneliness effects were statistically independent of self-esteem and attachment insecurity in all studies. Taken together, these findings suggest that, due to negative biases in perceiving relationship partners' regard and care, loneliness may compromise the quality of close relationships, motivate interpersonally problematic behaviors, and become persistent. Implications are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Comparative analysis of ROCKET-driven and classic EEG features in predicting attachment styles

Predicting attachment styles using AI algorithms remains relatively unexplored in scientific literature. This study addresses this gap by employing EEG data to evaluate the effectiveness of ROCKET-driven features versus classic features, both analyzed using the XGBoost machine learning algorithm, for classifying ‘secure’ or ‘insecure’ attachment styles.Participants, fourth-year engineering students aged 20–35, first completed the ECR-R questionnaire. A subset then underwent EEG sessions while performing the Arrow Flanker Task, receiving success or failure feedback for each trial.Our findings reveal the effectiveness of both feature sets. The dataset with ROCKET-derived features demonstrated an 88.41% True Positive Rate (TPR) in classifying ‘insecure’ attachment styles, compared to the classic features dataset, which achieved a notable TPR as well. Visual representations further support ROCKET-derived features’ proficiency in identifying insecure attachment tendencies, while the classic features exhibited limitations in classification accuracy. Although the ROCKET-derived features exhibited higher TPR, the classic features also presented a substantial predictive ability.In conclusion, this study advances the integration of AI in psychological assessments, emphasizing the significance of feature selection for specific datasets and applications. While both feature sets effectively classified EEG-based attachment styles, the ROCKET-derived features demonstrated a superior performance across multiple metrics, making them the preferred choice for this study.

Insecure Minds through the Looking Glass: The Mediating Role of Mentalization in the Relationships between Adult Attachment Styles and Problematic Social Media Use.

Research shows that insecure attachment styles and failures in mentalizing are associated with increased problematic social media use (PSMU). This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of failures in mentalizing in the relationships between attachment styles and PSMU within a large sample of individuals from the community. The study involved the participation of 3600 adult volunteers (2312 females, 64.2%) aged between 18 and 60 years old (M = 29.92; SD = 10.68). Participants completed measures to assess socio-demographics, adult attachment styles, mentalization, and PSMU. Findings showed that secure and dismissing attachment styles predicted reduced levels of PSMU, and that preoccupied and fearful attachment styles predicted increased levels of PSMU. The relationships between adult attachment styles and PSMU were mediated by failures in mentalizing. Thus, individuals with preoccupied and fearful attachment styles may excessively resort to social media as a means of coping with unprocessed mental states. Clinical interventions that focus on improving mentalizing abilities and promoting the adoption of appropriate self-regulation strategies might reduce maladaptive engagement in social media.

Predictors of Acculturation and Adaptation in a Sample of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon

While the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has a record of approximately 1.5 million Syrian refugees in Lebanon, no studies have focused on understanding the processes of acculturation and sociocultural/psychological adaptation among them in Lebanon. The aim of this study was to evaluate Syrian refugees’ patterns of acculturation and adaptation; to evaluate their association with social and psychological factors such as perceived discrimination, cultural distance, and attachment; and to look for predictors of acculturation and adaptation. The sample consisted of 241 Syrian refugees between 18 and 64 years of age. Correlations were found between acculturation and adaptation, both of which were impacted by reasons for displacement. Moreover, results showed that low cultural distance, perceived discrimination, and insecure attachment predicted both psychological and sociocultural adaptation, whereas lower perceived discrimination, attachment avoidance, and high attachment anxiety predicted high host acculturation. Findings are discussed in light of potential interventions facilitating refugees’ adaptation to the Lebanese culture.

Maternal Early Parent Attachment and Social Interest: The Effect of Attachment Anxiety and Attachment Avoidance

This study explored the relationship between maternal early parental attachment (EPA) and social interest. The participants were 311 mothers with elementary schoolchildren who lived in the Daegu-Gyeongbuk area. Data were collected through an online questionnaire provided on the portal site and analyzed using k-means clustering, <i>t</i>-test, One-Way ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation using IBM SPSS Statistics 21 for Windows and, RMSEA, TLI, NFI and CFI using IBM SPSS AMOS 18 for Windows. The principal results were as follows. Firstly, mothers’ EPA anxiety and avoidance had a negative influence on social interest. Secondly, social interest was found to be significantly higher among mothers with a secure attachment style than among mothers with an insecure attachment style. Thirdly, significant differences were observed in levels of social interest among mothers with secure, preoccupied, dismissive, and disorientated attachment styles. A Scheffé post-hoc test revealed that social interest was significantly higher among mothers with a secure attachment style than among mothers with a disorientated attachment style. The experience of relationships with caregivers early in life is therefore important in the development of social interest.

Intimate relationships and hypnosis: insecure adult attachment affects emotions and absorption during hypnosis.

Hypnosis research indicates that subjects are not equally hypnotizable. Most studies on hypnotizability focused on the relationships with personality or cognitive variables. At the same time, only a few proposed the contribution of the attachment style, defined as the result of the childhood relationship with the caregivers and influencing the adult relations. In the present investigation, two studies were carried out to test the possible association between adult attachment and hypnotic responsivity. The adult attachment was assessed using the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R) questionnaire, while hypnosis was assessed through the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility (HGSHS:A; Study 1) and the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory: Hypnotic Assessment Procedure (PCI-HAP; Study 2) in order to adopt a behavioral and a phenomenological approach, respectively. Analyses showed that attachment factors (anxiety and avoidance) were not associated with the level of hypnotizability, whereas it was associated with variations of consciousness during hypnosis, mainly internal dialogue, absorption and negative emotions. Overall, the insecure attachment styles yielded increased mind wandering and restlessness during hypnosis when compared to the secure style. The reason probably lies in the feeling of anxiety or danger of insecurely attached individuals when involved in intimate or confidential relationships. These findings clarify a still poorly investigated aspect concerning the influence of attachment style on hypnotic experience and further highlight the need to consider inter-individual differences and the phenomenological perspective when assessing hypnosis and hypnotizability.

Early maladaptive schema, attachment style, and parenting style in a clinical population with personality disorder and normal individuals: a discriminant analysis model

IntroductionResearchers have shown various variables’ role in forming personality disorders (PD). This study aimed to assess the role of early maladaptive schema (EMS), attachment style (AS), and parenting style (PS) in discriminating between personality disorders and normal individuals.MethodsIn this study, 78 personality disorder patients and 360 healthy volunteers aged 18–84 were selected using convenience sampling. They completed the Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (SQ-SF), Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS), and Baumrind’s Parenting Styles Questionnaire (PSI). Data were analyzed using discriminant analysis with IBM SPSS 25.ResultsThe results showed higher mean scores in all early maladaptive schema domains, insecure attachment styles, and authoritarian parenting in the personality disorder group than in the normal group. Also, discriminant analyses revealed that the function was statistically significant and could distinguish between the two groups and a compound of essential variables, disconnection, impaired autonomy, and secure attachment, respectively, discriminating two groups. Given that all components were able to distinguish between the two groups.ConclusionTherefore, intervention based on these factors early in life may help reduce the characteristics of personality disorders. Also, considering the role of these factors, treatment protocols can be prepared.

Hovering Is Not Helping: Relationships among Helicopter Parenting, Attachment, Academic Outcomes, and Mental Health in College Students

Helicopter parenting (or overparenting) refers to developmentally inappropriate or intrusive tactics to control a child’s behavior. Helicopter parents are usually trying to help their children, but their behavior has been associated with adverse academic, adjustment, and mental health outcomes in older children (i.e., adolescents, young adults), who should be developing more autonomy. The current study examined potential associations between helicopter parenting, attachment security, and academic and mental health outcomes in college students, hypothesizing that higher rates of helicopter parenting would be associated with more insecure attachment with parental figures and closest friends, poorer mental health (i.e., higher rates of depression and/or anxiety), and reduced academic motivation, performance, and self-efficacy. Our sample of 135 college students completed measures of anxiety, depression, and somatization, academic self-efficacy and motivation, perceptions of parental involvement, and dimensions of attachment in multiple relationships (i.e., mother, father, and closest friend). As expected, the bivariate and regression analyses revealed that higher levels of parental involvement (i.e., helicopter parenting) predicted significantly more insecure parental and peer attachment, greater internalizing, and lower effort regulation among college students.

Place du pédopsychiatre auprès de l’enfant négligé

Neglect is the most common form of child abuse. It can also have the most serious impact on a child's development, with an increased and accompanying risk of the emergence of psychiatric disorders from adolescence to adulthood. Child neglect is under-recognized today, due to a lack of training for professionals, the orientation of child psychiatry, and difficulties in understanding what this vague concept refers to. After proposing definitions of neglect, its characteristics, and its effects, we present the possible actions of the child psychiatrist in the ecosystem of the neglected child. Neglect is neither a legal nor a medical term. It is, however, used by doctors and social workers, with a loose definition as the absence of appropriate care for a child's development. Neglect is multifactorial. The French consensus approach to the basic needs of the child has highlighted a meta-need for security, emphasizing attachment and the particular qualities of the caregiver. In light of this report, we understand that affective or emotional neglect is the most problematic form of neglect. The effects of neglect are early, depending on the child's age. They can manifest as developmental delays, sleep disorders, tonus disorders in infants, intellectual disorders, and various internalized and externalized disorders in adolescence. Mortality and morbidity are increased in cases of neglect, and developmental sequelae have been described. Neglect has a greater impact on development than physical abuse. The child psychiatrist can take three types of action to treat the neglected child. Firstly, he or she must identify neglect and alert the appropriate instances so as to protect the child. Identification involves being aware of indicators of neglect and a particular clinical pattern that varies according to age, requiring the exploration of the different lines of development. Three clinical patterns seem to be linked to extreme neglect: anaclitic depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, particularly complex developmental trauma, and attachment disorders. When faced with symptoms suggestive of neglect, the child psychiatrist should try to rule out a sensory or neurodevelopmental cause, sometimes seeking the advice of a specialist. He or she will observe the child's behavior alone and with his or her parents, as well as parent-child relationships, and will consider the child outside the family microsystem in an ecosystemic approach. The child psychiatrist can use available standardized tools that explore the various dimensions of neglect. This multi-consultation assessment should not delay the child psychiatrist's initial actions, given the narrow developmental windows. In particular, the child psychiatrist may be required to report the child's situation to the administrative and judicial authorities. The care provided to the neglected child will then take place within the child's own ecosystem. Interventions must be early, participative and in partnership with social services, educators, and staff at the placement site. Care will seek to compensate for the negative developmental effects of neglect, in order to correct the child's developmental trajectory. It must take into account the child's psychopathology. Psychotherapy, the framework of which will need to be adapted, will help the child to assume ownership of his or her history. Child psychiatrists can also take part in innovative initiatives to help children at risk, such as mobile teams. The final action to be developed by the trained child psychiatrist is preventative. It is important that child psychiatrists be informed and trained to deal with neglect and its effects. Today's neglected children will be tomorrow's adults with the most psychiatric disorders.

Modern researches of personality-psychological features in patients with somatoform disorders

The scientific review is devoted to the actual problem of personality-psychological features of patients with somatoform disorders (SFD). It is based on the analysis of 91 publications on this topic (42 in Russian and 49 in English) that have been published over the past 10 years. The search for publications was carried out in the RSCI and Medline bibliographic data-bases. The purpose of the review was to consider the main directions of the studies of personality-psychological factors for the SFD formation which has been developing over the past decade, and to highlight those of these factors that are currently the most generally recognized. The review considers the following directions of research in this area: studies of alexithymia, studies of somatosensory amplification, studies of the patients’ character features, studies of cognitive processes in SFD, studies of psychological defenses and coping strategies, studies in the framework of attachment theory, studies of socio-psychological factors of SFD development, integrative concepts of personality predisposition to SFD. As a result, a high level of alexithymia and personality anxiety, rigidity of cognitive processes, general inferiority of psychological defenses and coping strategies, and a high socio-stress load was highlighted as the most generally recognized personality-psychological factors of the SFD formation. Factors that are sufficiently recognized, but still need further study, are also the somatosensory amplification, the frequent use of reactive formation as a psychological defense and avoidant behavior as a coping strategy, the pattern of insecure attachment. The conclusion notes the need to continue research in this area and proposes possible further directions, in particular, the identification of causal relationships between already established personality-psychological predictors of SFD, as well as the study of their interactions with factors of a different nature (genetic, morphological, psychopathological).

Structural model for predicting marital satisfaction in young couples based on behavioral activation/ inhibition systems; the mediating role of attachment styles

Introduction: Marital satisfaction serves as a fundamental predictor of stability and well-being within individuals' lives and families. Aim: This study aims to develop a structural model that predicts marital satisfaction among young couples by examining the interplay between behavioral activation/inhibition systems and attachment styles. Method: The current study was a description of structural equations. A sample of 370 young couples in Tehran during the year 2021 was selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected through demographic questionnaires, Enrich's Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (1998), the Behavioral Activation/ Inhibition Scale (1994), and the Adult Attachment Scale (2015). Path analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25 and LISREL version 8.8 for data analysis. Results: The results of the path analysis revealed several significant findings. Firstly, the inhibition system demonstrated a direct negative impact on marital satisfaction (ß=-0.16, P<0.05), along with ambivalent insecure attachment (ß=-0.42, P<0.01) and avoidant insecure attachment (ß=-0.19, P<0.05). Conversely, secure attachment displayed a direct and positive effect on marital satisfaction (ß=0.26, P<0.01). Furthermore, the inhibition system exhibited a direct and positive influence on avoidant insecure attachment (ß=0.18, P<0.01) and ambivalent insecure attachment (ß=0.19, P<0.01). Additionally, the activation system had a direct positive effect on secure attachment (ß=0.28, P<0.05) but a direct negative effect on avoidant attachment (ß=-0.30, P<0.01). Conclusion: The results of the study underscore the direct predictive role of the activation/inhibition system in marital satisfaction, with attachment styles playing an indirect role. Therefore, therapists should consider these variables to enhance satisfaction levels in couples.

A short version of the reflective functioning questionnaire: Validation in a greek sample.

This study aims to validate the Greek version of the 54-item Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ), a measure designed to assess an individual's capacity for understanding themselves and others based on internal mental states. This capacity, also known as Reflective Functioning (RF) or mentalizing, is believed to play a significant role in both typical and atypical development. The validation process examined the factor structure of the RFQ and its relationship with a variety of psychosocial and clinical constructs that have theoretical and empirical links to RF. Additionally, this research investigated the factor structure's invariance across gender and age groups to determine the robustness of the instrument. A unique contribution of this work lies in examining the application of the RFQ to attachment classifications through the use of cluster analysis. The sample consisted of 875 Greek adults from the general community with a mean age of 28.5 and a median age of 22. Participants completed the Greek RFQ along with a series of self-report questionnaires assessing psychosocial constructs, including attachment, epistemic trust, emotion regulation, and psychological mindedness, as well as clinical variables such as anxiety, depression, and borderline personality traits. Our findings suggest that a shorter, 31-item version of the questionnaire provides a robust three-factor structure across a non-clinical Greek adult population. The three identified subscales are (a) excessive certainty, (b) interest/curiosity, and (c) uncertainty/confusion, all demonstrating satisfactory reliability and construct validity. The uncertainty subscale was found to be associated with insecure attachment styles, epistemic mistrust and credulity, emotional suppression, and low psychological mindedness. In contrast, the certainty and curiosity subscales were linked to secure attachment, epistemic trust, emotion reappraisal, and psychological mindedness. Uncertainty was further shown to differ significantly across probable clinical and non-clinical groups, as distinguished by cut-off scores for anxiety, depression, and borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, the certainty and interest/curiosity subscales only varied between the two BPD groups. Our results provide the first evidence supporting the use of a 31-item version of the RFQ with three validated subscales to reliably assess reflective functioning in the Greek population, demonstrating stronger psychometric properties compared to other RFQ versions reported in previous studies. Findings suggest that impaired mentalizing capacity, as measured by the RFQ, is linked to insecure attachment, epistemic mistrust and credulity, poor emotion regulation, and low psychological mindedness, and potentially plays a role in adult mental health symptoms.

Childhood maltreatment and the quality of marital relationships: Examining mediating pathways and gender differences

Background: Childhood maltreatment (CM) is considered a traumatic experience with long-term adverse effects on the quality of adult intimate relationships. Research on the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon among Arab societies is scarce. Objective: This study investigated the impact of childhood physical abuse (PA) and emotional abuse (EA) on the quality of marital relationships. Additionally, it examined the mediating roles of two dimensions of insecure adult attachment (i.e., avoidant and anxious) to a romantic partner and psychological distress within gender-specific models. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a representative sample of 604 married Arab adults ( M age = 33.5, SD = 6.52; 50.1% women) in Israel using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: Childhood PA was significantly related to low levels of relationship quality among men and women. For men, childhood PA was positively related to psychological distress and both patterns of romantic attachment styles, which in turn were negatively associated with relationship quality. For women, childhood PA was positively associated with psychological distress and avoidant attachment, correlating with low levels of relationship quality. Conclusion: A retrospective assessment of childhood PA is associated with decreased levels of marital relationship quality for men and women. This association is mediated by psychological distress and romantic attachment styles. Implications: Implementing interventions focused on improving mental health and promoting a secure romantic attachment style can enhance the quality of marital relationships for adults with CM experiences.

Attachment Theory and Sexual Offending: Making the Connection.

The purpose of this review is to discuss how attachment theory can be applied to explain sexual violence. Specifically, it discusses how the development of certain risk factors contributes to these behaviors and how attachment-based models can be used to address this issue through prevention and therapeutic interventions. Recent research demonstrates that individuals who commit sexual offenses have higher rates of insecure attachment styles and that these styles are associated with a number of criminogenic risk factors associated with sexual offending. Such risk factors include cognitive processing difficulties, affect dysregulation, and challenges in interpersonal relationships, among others. Fortunately, treatment interventions have been shown to foster more secure attachment styles and reduce these risk factors. Attachment theory is a viable theory to both understand and intervene with those who have committed sexual violence to reduce the risk factors associated with sexual violence.

Effets médiateurs de la symptomatologie de stress post-traumatique et des symptômes de dissociation somatoforme sur la relation entre l’attachement et la qualité de vie liée à la santé après un infarctus du myocarde

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a particularly frequent coronary disease: the number of new cases of MI recorded each year amounts to nearly 90,000 in France and nearly 790,000 in the United States. Over the past 15 years, the number of people who can survive this major cardiac event has substantially increased, as a result of advances in medical treatment and a reduction in delay to intervention. However, patients often report a decrease in their health-related quality of life following myocardial infarction. In other words, some patients perceive that the disease negatively affects various aspects of their daily lives, including physical functioning, emotional state, social relationships, and overall well-being. Furthermore, studies have shown that health-related quality of life is a prognostic indicator of the evolution of patients’ health status: the more health-related quality of life is reduced, the greater the risk of all-cause mortality, recurrence of cardiovascular events, and re-hospitalization for heart disease. In view of these elements, the identification of potentially modifiable factors, and in particular psychological factors, having an impact on health-related quality of life is particularly relevant. More specifically, insecure attachment, post-traumatic stress symptomatology and somatoform dissociation symptoms could have an impact on the health related-quality of life of people who have experienced a major cardiac event. ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate the mediating role of posttraumatic stress symptoms and somatoform dissociative symptomatology in the relationship between insecure attachment and health related-quality of life after a myocardial infarction. Materials and methodsA total of 73 participants, having suffered a myocardial infarction and participating in a cardiovascular rehabilitation program, completed questionnaires to assess the degree of insecurity of their attachment (Experiences in Close Relationship Scale-12; ECR-12), the severity of post-traumatic stress symptoms (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Scale; PCL-5) and somatoform dissociation symptoms (Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire; SDQ-20), and their health related-quality of life (MacNew Heart Disease-Health Related Quality of Life; MacNew). Mediation analyses were conducted according to the recommendations formulated by Baron and Kenny. ResultsOur results showed that only anxious attachment was positively and significantly associated with the severity of posttraumatic stress symptomatology, whereas such a link was not observed for avoidant attachment. The importance of posttraumatic symptomatology fully explained why individuals with high levels of fear of abandonment also have the poorest emotional, physical, and social quality of life after myocardial infarction. The importance of dissociative somatoform symptomatology partially explained why individuals with an insecure attachment style characterized by a high level of abandonmen were also those with the poorest health-related quality of life following myocardial infarction. ConclusionsThe results of this study tend to demonstrate the importance of taking into account the specificities of attachment, posttraumatic stress symptoms and somatoform dissociation phenomena in the context of interventions aimed at improving the health related-quality of life of people after a myocardial infarction. Insofar as secure attachment appears to be a protective factor against the risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder, a psychotherapeutic approach aimed at promoting this form of attachment seems to be well justified. Specifically, it may be helpful to provide patients with a psychotherapeutic framework that takes into account their attachment experiences to allow them to change their beliefs about themselves and others, while helping them develop coping strategies appropriate to the stress. Psychotherapeutic interventions aimed jointly at increasing of the degree of attachment security and reducing the symptoms of posttraumatic stress and somatoform dissociation could be relevant to improve the health-related quality of life after a myocardial infarction.

Theoretical dilemmas regarding the relationship between attachment styles and risk-taking behaviour

Attachment theory provides a powerful framework for understanding individual differences that affect interpersonal relationships, as well as a range of outcomes related to risky behaviors in various life domains. Existing research on the relationship between attachment styles and risk-taking is contradictory and confusing. On the one hand, there is research and the common belief that individuals with secure attachments view the world as a safe place, hence we expect these individuals to be more able to explore the world and take risks, and on the other hand, there is a body of research that highlights that individuals with insecure attachments are more likely to take on risky behaviours. The present article aims to bring more conceptual clarity in understanding and interpreting the conflicting findings about individuals’ ability to take risks based on attachment style.

Attachment and mentalization among survivors of sexual abuse: A questionnaire survey.

Knowledge of the long-term consequences of child sexual abuse (CSA) is crucial to further develop preventive strategies and treatment programs. The aim of this study is to investigate attachment and mentalizing ability in people who have experienced CSA. Attachment style, measured with the Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures Questionnaire (ECR-RS), and mentalization, measured with the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ), were examined through a quantitative questionnaire survey in a sample of 49 individuals who had experienced CSA, and a control group of 612 with no history of CSA. The CSA group was, to a greater extent, identified with insecure attachment style. In addition, participants with insecure attachment were more likely to use hypomentalizing compared to individuals identified with a secure attachment. No significant association was found between attachment style and the relationship between the victim and the offender or the length of traumatic episodes.

Pengaruh Kelekatan Orang Tua dan Kecerdasan Emosi terhadap Agresivitas Remaja

In the evolution of individual personality, the adolescent phase holds unique and critical significance as during this period, adolescents have various responsibilities, including exploring and establishing their identity. Parents play a vital role during this phase as adolescents tend to have a high level of curiosity, which can lead to negative actions or aggressive behavior. This research aims to determine the correlation between parental attachment and emotional intelligence on adolescent aggression in Bogor. Aggressive behavior is a significant contributor factor to the high morbidity and mortality rates among adolescents worldwide. This research utilizes a quantitative correlational research method. The sampling technique used in this study is the convenience sampling method. The research was conducted from October to November 2023, with respondents from SMA Plus Bina Bangsa Sejahtera students. The research findings indicate that among the respondents, 25 percent fell under the insecure attachment category, 64 percent fell within the moderate aggression category, followed by 7 percent who fell under the high aggression category, while the remaining respondents were under the low aggression category. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of parental attachment and emotional intelligence in adolescent aggression. The findings show that secure attachment and high emotional intelligence play an important role in reducing aggressive behavior among adolescents.