Prevalence Of Atopic Dermatitis Research Articles

368 Impact of a digital atopic dermatitis educational intervention on Hispanic patients and family members

Abstract With the increasing incidence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in the USA, the highest prevalence of AD being found in Hispanic countries, and the rising Hispanic-American population, educational resources on eczema focused on Spanish-speaking populations are needed more than ever. As such, the primary goal of this project was to assess the beneficial impact of an educational intervention conducted through a virtual platform for Hispanic individuals living with AD. Utilizing WhatsApp, the study enrolled 55 participants diagnosed with AD and/or parents of children diagnosed with AD. Participants were enrolled in a 7-day educational module with daily topics on AD health knowledge. A health knowledge survey was administered prior to the educational program, upon completion of the program and 1 month after completion. The program found a 14% increase in AD health knowledge upon completion of the program (P < 0.001). Most importantly, there was no significant difference found between the health knowledge survey submitted at program completion and 1 month after completion, signaling that health knowledge taught through the course was successfully retained by participants (P = 0.29). Qualitative themes involving atopic disease were additionally explored through group discussions, including mental health and peer stigma. This study is the first of its kind in dermatology utilizing the WhatsApp format. The success of retained health knowledge regarding AD demonstrates that future virtual endeavors can be effective methods of patient education overall, and be accessible interventions for populations that might not have ease of access to major medical centers, are in rural areas and/or in the international setting.

Atopic Dermatitis Across Shades of Skin.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, heterogeneous inflammatory skin disease that is associated with immense patient burden globally. There is increasing appreciation of disparities among patients identified as having skin of color (SOC), which often refers to patients of non-White race or non-European ancestry, but can broadly include individuals from a number of different racial, ethnic, ancestral, and skin pigmentation groups based on definition. In this narrative review, we discuss key terminology as it relates to AD across shades of skin, including modern definitions of 'race', 'ethnicity', and 'SOC'. We then synthesize the current literature describing disparities in AD prevalence, disease recognition, and burden alongside current data regarding genetic and immunologic findings across SOC populations. In the context of these findings, we highlight key concomitant social determinants of health, including environmental factors, socioeconomic status, and access to care, for which race often serves as a proxy for true biological and genetic differences. Finally, we discuss future efforts to shift to a more inclusive understanding of AD to encompass all shades of skin, toensure equitable representation of diverse populations in high impact research, and intensify efforts to address the critical upstream factors driving observed disparities.

The occurrence of allergic diseases in children with normal weight, excess body weight and obesity: a comparative analysis

Aim to study the prevalence of allergic diseases (AD), excess body weight and obesity in school children and to analyze the correlations between the AD diagnosis and body weight.
 Material and methods. During the single-stage observational study, 1503 children aged from 7 to 14 years received medical checkup. In all children, we measured anthropometric data, calculated body mass index and standard sigma deviation with the following assessment. The information about the presence of AD was obtained from the primary medical documentation of schoolchildren. Then, we conducted a telephone survey of the parents of the examined children to clarify the data on the presence of allergopathology in them.
 Results. The prevalence of excess body weight in school-children was 20.9%, obesity 13.5%. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AtD) according to the medical record was 6.72%, allergic rhinitis (AR) 6.65%, bronchial asthma (BA) 1.86%. The statistical analysis of mentioned diseases revealed no correlation between the increased body weight and the prevalence of AD both in the general cohort of children, and when stratified by age and gender. The comparative analysis of the telephone survey data on the prevalence of allergopathology in overweight and obese children provided statistically significant results: with the weight gain, the prevalence of the studied allergic diseases was increasing.
 Conclusion. The results of the study did not reveal a statistically significant positive association between excess body weight, obesity and the presence of AD in the children of the examined group. However, the differences in the prevalence of allergopathology in schoolchildren according to primary medical documentation and the results of a telephone survey of parents indicate the need for a deeper study of the problem and an epidemiological study of the true prevalence of AD in children, followed by an analysis of the association between these conditions.

Atopic Manifestations Are Underestimated Clinical Features in Various Primary Immunodeficiency Disease Phenotypes.

Atopic manifestations are described as a clinical feature of various primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) phenotypes and are frequently reported in combined immunodeficiencies. The prevalence of atopic manifestations in other PIDs remains largely unknown. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of atopic manifestations in PIDs other than combined immunodeficiencies and to identify in which PIDs atopic manifestations are most common with the aim of improving patient care. A partner-controlled, questionnaire-based study was performed in pediatric and adult PID patients. Data from diagnostic tests to assess atopic manifestations (ie, diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis, spirometry, specific IgE against food and inhalant allergens) were collected from adult patients to confirm patient-reported atopic manifestations. Forty-seven children and 206 adults with PIDs and 56 partner-controls completed the questionnaire. Thirty-five pediatric patients (74.5%) and 164 adult patients (79.6%) reported having experienced 1 or more atopic manifestations compared with 28 partner-controls (50.0%). In the comparison of adult patients with partner-controls, prevalence values were as follows: atopic dermatitis, 49.5% vs 27.3% (P=.003); food allergy, 10.7% vs 1.9% (P=.031); asthma, 55.7% vs 14.8% (P<.001); and allergic rhinitis, 49.8% vs 21.8% (P<.001). The frequency of current atopic manifestations reported by patients was higher than the prevalence based on diagnostic tests (atopic dermatitis, 11.2%; food allergy, 1.9%; asthma 16.4%; and allergic rhinitis, 11.5%). Atopic manifestations are prevalent clinical features across a broad spectrum of PIDs and, in our cohort, frequently present in patients with combined immunodeficiencies and predominant antibody deficiencies. Atopic manifestations should be evaluated in patients with PIDs.

Factors Associated With Atopic Dermatitis In Elementary School Children In Suburban Area In Indonesia: Original Research

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background&lt;/strong&gt;: There was limited data of Atopic Dermatitis (AD) prevalence and its associated factors in Indonesia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the AD prevalence and factors associated with AD in elementary school children in suburban area in Banten.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods&lt;/strong&gt;: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 3 elementary schools children age 6 – 7 years old who were randomly selected. Information was obtained through an Indonesian version of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire (ISAAC).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results&lt;/strong&gt;: From 304 school children in semi-urban area, AD was reported as ever had an itchy rash which was reccurent for at least 6 months in 17.4% of the children, 19.5% of the children had this itchy rash at any time in the past 12 months, and 11.4 % reported doctor-diagnosed AD. The factors found to be associated with an increased risk of AD were allergic rhinitis (OR 2.151 CI: 1.086-4.261), history of premature birth (&amp;lt;37 weeks) (OR 5.306, CI:1.577-17.858), exclusive breastfeeding (OR 3.126 CI:1.314-7.439), and food allergy (OR 2.912 CI:1.386-6.119).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion&lt;/strong&gt;: The results of this study showed that allergic rhinitis, history of premature birth (&amp;lt;37 weeks), exclusive breastfeeding, and food allergy were factors associated with AD in Indonesian schoolchildren. &lt;/p&gt;

Atopic dermatitis in children and adolescents seen at a general hospital in the City of Buenos Aires.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease highly prevalent in pediatrics as per international studies. There is scarce information on the epidemiological characteristics of AD in the Argentine pediatric population. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence and clinical characteristics of AD in a population of Argentine children seen at the Department of Pediatrics of a general hospital. Observational, cross-sectional study. Five hundred patients were randomly included; their mean age was 10 years (SD: 5); 50% (250) were female. A total of 24 had AD. The overall prevalence was 5% (95% confidence interval: 3-7) and 3/24 were severe forms. The most frequent atopic comorbidity was asthma. The prevalence of AD in our population is similar to that of other countries. Our study provides new data on the epidemiological characteristics of AD in our region.

Factors Associated with Atopic Dermatitis among Children Aged 6 to 14 Years in Alimosho Local Government, Lagos, Nigeria.

There has been a rise in the prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) globally, especially in low-and middle-income countries such as Nigeria. The condition has been linked to genetic predisposes, living conditions, and environmental factors. Environmental factors are considered a significant contributor to AD in low- and middle-income countries. This study determined the prevalence of AD in south-western Nigeria and identified risk factors in home and school environments that children aged 6 to 14 years are exposed to. A cross-sectional study was adopted, and the total sample size was 349. Four randomly selected health facilities were used for the study. A questionnaire was used to determine the risk factors in the population. Data analysis was performed using the latest version of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The prevalence of atopic dermatitis in this study is 25%. Atopic dermatitis was found to be common in females (27%). According to the univariate analysis, children who lived where trucks pass on the street almost daily had the highest cases of atopic dermatitis (28%). Children with rugs in their houses (26%) and those whose houses are surrounded by bushes (26%) had higher cases of atopic dermatitis. Children who played on school grass (26%), attended creche with rubber toys (28%), and attended school where wooden chairs (28%) and chalkboards (27%) are used had a higher number of AD. Bivariate analysis showed an association between AD with a mother's monthly income (p = 0.012) and eating potatoes (p = 0.005), fruits (p = 0.040), and cereal (p = 0.057). In the multivariate analysis, the consumption of fruits (p = 0.02), potatoes (p < 0.001), and cereal (p = 0.04) were identified as risk factors associated with AD. It is envisaged that the study will serve as a basis for possible research on evidence-based and primary prevention options. Hence, we recommend health education activities to empower communities to protect themselves against environmental risk factors that are preventable.

Atopic Dermatitis in Latin America: Considerations on Epidemiology, Clinical and Laboratory Features, Ethnic/Racial Variations, and Therapeutic Management.

Latin America (LA) encompasses about 8.5% of the world's population, exhibits ethnic/racial heterogeneity and social inequality. We hereby present a 20-year literature review (2004-2023) on epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical and laboratory features, quality of life and management of atopic dermatitis (AD) in LA. Highest AD prevalence for children aged 6-7 years was reported in Ecuador (22.5%) and Colombia (20.9%), for adolescents in Colombia (24.6%) and for all ages, in Brazil (20.1%). Regions with a predominantly Black population in LA varied significantly, ranging from 4.4% in Northern Brazil to 10.1% in Cuba, indicating genetic variation among African subgroups. Filaggrin loss-of-function mutations showed variants seen in Europeans in 9.3% of Chilean patients and studies in Brazil revealed impaired expression of filaggrin and claudin-1 in the skin but increased expression in conjunctival epithelia of AD patients. The most reported AD features included erythema, pruritus, and dry skin, with marked lichenification. Severe pruritus was reported by 54.4% of patients and a high impact on quality of life was detected in 50% of adults with AD. In Brazilian referral hospitals, 65.6% of patients were classified as having severe AD, and 56% had one or more hospitalizations during their lifetime, indicating a need for better disease control. Diagnosing AD is challenging due to broad clinical features, ethnoracial variations and lack of universal diagnostic criteria. Furthermore, lack of physician training, barriers to medication access, and socioeconomic inequalities hinder effective disease management in LA.

Prevalence of atopic dermatitis in children in the city of Goma (Democratic Republic of Congo)

Background: Currently, atopic dermatitis is one of the most common chronic inflammatory dermatoses. However, studies concerning its prevalence in children are rare in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Thus, we proposed to determine the prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with atopic dermatitis in children. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study over a 6-month period from June 1 to December 31, 2022. It focused on children aged 0 to 18 years who were brought to the dermatology services of the North Kivu Provincial Hospital (HPNK) for atopic dermatitis. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS 20 and Epi info 3.5.3 software. Results: The hospital prevalence of atopic dermatitis in children aged 0-18 years was 12.4%. The 0 to 4 age group was the most affected with 54.4%. Males were the most represented (56.7%). The sex ratio M/F was 1.3. The majority of our patients were from the urban area (72.8%). Atopy (personal or familial) was found in 68.9% of patients and was dominated by asthma (23.9%) and allergic rhinitis (21.1%). The most common trigger was food (30.7%) followed by cosmetics (20.5%). Mean age of symptom onset was 7±2 months. The most represented clinical form was the common or vulgar form with 69.4% of cases. Atopic dermatitis was associated with sleep disorder in 77.8% of cases. Conclusions: The data presented in our study are also consistent with the literature which states that the prevalence of atopic dermatitis in children ranged from 10 to 20% and was higher in children under 5 years of age living in urban areas.

Prevalence of Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis, and Atopic Dermatitis and Their Association With Oral Health in Saudi Arabia.

Background The word "atopy" is frequently used to describe immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated diseases. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma is increasing and disconcerting in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to investigate the association between allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, and oral health among adults in the Makkah region of Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study of 726 adults using an electronic questionnaire was adopted. The study was carried out from Januaryto December2022. The questionnaire included demographic data, patients' diseases in response to inclusion and exclusion criteria, oral health status and symptoms, and dental health-related behaviors. Results Most participants were aged from 18 to <40 years (79.1%). More than half of the participants were females (53.6%); 39.7% of participants had poor oral health. Poor health was significantly higher among obese subjects as well as those with lower levels of physical activity, higher perceived levels of stress, those who received a sealant, and those who brushed their teeth for ≤ one time per day. The results showed that the individual symptoms of oral health did not associate significantly with being diagnosed with allergic rhinitis or asthma in the past 12 months. However, atopic dermatitis was independently associated with a chipped or broken tooth (OR = 1.52) and pain in the tongue or inside the cheeks (OR = 3.57). Conclusion Poor oral health was significantly associated with atopic dermatitis in Saudi adults. Some systemic diseases are considered chronic diseases, and they are multifactorial; thus, we cannot claim that periodontal pathogens are the definite cause of systemic infections. More studies are necessary to find a definitive association.

Impact of the Family and Household Environment on Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis in Japan.

Pediatric atopic dermatitis (AD) can negatively impact the family quality of life (QoL). We report data from the real-world Epidemiology of Children with Atopic Dermatitis Reporting on their Experience (EPI-CARE) study in Japanese pediatric patients, focusing on disease impact on family QoL. Children and adolescents aged 6 months to <18 years completed an online survey between September 2018-December 2019. The impact of disease severity on family QoL and its effect on parents' time were assessed using the dermatitis family impact (DFI) questionnaire. The impact of a family history of allergic conditions, current residency, second-hand smoke exposure, and household pets on AD prevalence and severity was also assessed. Family QoL decreased as AD severity increased, particularly in families with children aged <6 years; but had the greatest impact on sleep and tiredness in families with children aged <12 years. Parents spent at least 4.6 h/week caring for children <6 years, including those with mild symptoms. Most children (>80%) had a family history of allergic conditions; AD prevalence was increased in those exposed to second-hand smoke or household pets. This study demonstrated that pediatric AD in Japanese individuals has negative impacts on family QoL and that family and household environments can influence pediatric AD prevalence.

Psychological Effects of Forest Healing Camps on Atopic Dermatitis and Their Families

The prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) has increased globally, regardless of age, and preschool children with AD experience greater levels of atrophy, depression, and anxiety. A home with AD experiences considerable stress as well, which affects family life, parenting, and spousal relationships. The provision of forest healing has a positive effect on symptom improvement, psychological stability, and recovery from depression. This study aimed to investigate psychological changes by providing a forest healing camp for atopic children and their families. The RCMAS, which can measure a child’s anxiety, and the K-PSI-SF, which can measure parenting stress, were used as psychological scales. The results showed that the total RCMAS significantly decreased by 2.05 points before and after the forest camp. K-PSI-SF scores also decreased by 8.63 points before and after the forest camp. Both RCMAS and K-PSI-SF, before and after the two-night and three-day program, decreased significantly compared to the difference in their total scores before and after the one-night and two-day program. The anxiety of atopic children and the stress of parenting was found to have decreased through forest camps. We hope that the system and forest healing programs will be established to care for atopic children and their families.

Antimony Compounds Associate with Atopic Dermatitis and Influence Models of Itch and Dysbiosis.

Compared to the myriad of known triggers for rhinitis and asthma, environmental exposure research for atopic dermatitis (AD) is not well established. We recently reported that an untargeted search of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) databases versus AD rates by United States (U.S.) postal codes revealed that isocyanates, such as toluene diisocyanate (TDI), are the pollutant class with the strongest spatiotemporal and epidemiologic association with AD. We further demonstrated that (di)isocyanates disrupt ceramide-family lipid production in commensal bacteria and activate the thermo-itch host receptor TRPA1. In this report, we reanalyzed regions of the U.S. with low levels of diisocyanate pollution to assess if a different chemical class may contribute. We identified antimony compounds as the top associated pollutant in such regions. Exposure to antimony compounds would be expected from brake dust in high-traffic areas, smelting plants, bottled water, and dust from aerosolized soil. Like TDI, antimony inhibited ceramide-family lipid production in Roseomonas mucosa and activated TRPA1 in human neurons. While further epidemiologic research will be needed to directly evaluate antimony exposure with surrounding AD prevalence and severity, these data suggest that compounds which are epidemiologically associated with AD, inhibit commensal lipid production, and activate TRPA1 may be causally related to AD pathogenesis.

Epidemiology and healthcare resource utilization in atopic dermatitis in Colombia: A retrospective analysis of data from the National Health Registry from 2015 to 2020

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis, also known as eczema or atopic eczema, is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by the presence of pruritus accompanied by itching. In Colombia, epidemiological and healthcare resource utilization information regarding this pathology is limited. Objective: To describe atopic dermatitis epidemiological characteristics and healthcare resource utilization patterns in Colombia. Material and methods: A retrospective database study using real-world data obtained from the national claims database SISPRO (Sistema de Información para la Protección Social) for the 2015-2020 period was carried out. Sociodemographic (age, and health services delivery), epidemiological (incidence, prevalence, and comorbidities), and healthcare resource utilization data were extracted from the SISPRO database. Results: The epidemiological results showed increased incidence and prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Colombia in the 2018-2019 period compared to 2015-2017. Accordingly, the number of medical consultations (particularly with specialists), the number of procedures, and the number of hospitalizations of patients with atopic dermatitis increased. Topic and systemic corticoids were the most frequently prescribed drugs. Conclusions: Diagnoses of atopic dermatitis in Colombia increased with a concomitant increase in healthcare resource utilization during 2015-2020, which was possibly slowed down by the arrival of the Covid-19. This study may help physicians gaining a better understanding of the disease, improving atopic dermatitis patient management.

Clinical features and risk factors of IgE-independent aтopic dermatitis in children

Relevance. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory disease characterized by a chronic course with periods of remissions and exacerbations. IgE-independent atopic dermatitis is a medical and social problem of our time, since the disease manifests itself most often in childhood and is one of the most frequent forms of dermatoses among the pediatric population. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis among children is up to 20 %, among adults - 2-8 %. Recently, there has been a significant increase in atopic diseases worldwide. The aim: to study specific features of IgE-independent atopic dermatitis in children living in a metropolis. Materials and Methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted, which included 451 children aged 5 to 14 years with a diagnosis of AD who applied for outpatient care at the Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology for the period 2020-2021. All parents (guardians) have given voluntary informed consent to the participation of children in the study and the publication of personal data. Examination of patients included general clinical methods, assessment of the SCORAD index and laboratory allergological examination (total and 73 specific IgE in blood serum with the most common food and aeroallergens). In 103 (22.8 %) children (57 (55.3 %) boys and 46 (44.7 %) girls), the results of the allergological analysis did not confirm concomitant allergic sensitization. Atopic dermatitis in these children was defined as IgE-independent. Results and Discussion. Predictors of the development of IgE-independent AD were hereditary predisposition [odds ratio (OR) 2.42; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.12-5.25], artificial feeding [OR 4.04; 95 % CI 1.46-11.20], comorbidities [OR 1.42; 95 % CI 0.57-3.52], late onset [OR 1.67; 95 % CI 0.81-3.41]. According to the SCORAD index, the majority of patients (75.7 %) had a moderate degree of AD and no seasonality. Features of skin rashes corresponded to the age periods of the course of AD: erythematous-squamous forms with lichenification foci prevailed. For the first time, the features of IgE-independent atopic dermatitis in children were shown. The role of risk factors for the development of IgE-independent atopic dermatitis in children has been shown for the first time. Conclusion. IgE-independent type of AD can be diagnosed in every fifth child with AD. The study of risk factors will allow predicting the development of this type of disease.

Impact of a Digital Atopic Dermatitis Educational Intervention on Hispanic Patients and Family Members.

With the increasing incidence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in the U.S., the highest prevalence of AD being found in Hispanic countries, and the rising Hispanic-American population, educational resources on eczema focused on Spanish-speaking populations are needed more than ever. As such, the primary goal of this project was to assess the beneficial impact of an educational intervention conducted through a virtual platform for Hispanic individuals living with atopic dermatitis. Utilizing WhatsApp, the study enrolled 55 participants diagnosed with AD and/or parents of children diagnosed with AD. Participants were enrolled in a seven-day educational module with daily topics on AD health knowledge. A health knowledge survey was administered before the educational program, upon completion of the program, and one month after completion. The program found a 14% increase in AD health knowledge upon completion of the program (p < 0.001). Most importantly, there was no significant difference found between the health knowledge survey submitted at program completion and one month after completion, signaling that health knowledge taught through the course was successfully retained by participants (p = 0.29). Qualitative themes involving atopic disease were additionally explored through group discussions, including mental health and peer stigma. This study is the first of its kind in dermatology utilizing the WhatsApp format. The success of retained health knowledge regarding AD demonstrates that future virtual endeavors can be effective and accessible methods of patient education overall for populations that might not have ease of access to major medical centers.

Prevalence and risk factors of atopic dermatitis in Chinese adults: a nationwide population-based cross-sectional study.

Prevalence and risk factors of atopic dermatitis in Chinese adults: a nationwide population-based cross-sectional study.

Global epidemiology and disparities in atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) affects children and adults worldwide. Advancements have been made towards unravelling the pathogenesis of AD, identifying various triggers, linking the environment and psychosocial factors with disease and the development of therapeutic targets to improve disease control. This article describes the global epidemiology of AD and the disparities that exist in various populations and regions across the globe. AD prevalence and burden varies widely both within and between countries inhabited by the same ethnic groups, which suggests strong environmental influences in disease expression, with socioeconomic status and affluence considered to be the main driving factors. Inequities in access to healthcare, and the quality of healthcare provided, among racial and ethnic minority groups are well documented. Disparities in access to various topical and systemic therapies are affected by barriers to registration and approval, cost, manufacturing, supply and approval by medical insurance companies and governments. Identifying the factors driving the inequities in access to healthcare is central to achieving better patient care.

Epidemiology of adult patients with atopic dermatitis in AWARE 1: A second international survey

BackgroundThere are gaps in our understanding of the epidemiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) in adults. ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence and severity of AD in adults from countries/regions within Asia, Eurasia, Latin America, Middle East, and Russia. MethodsThis international, web-based survey was performed in Argentina, Brazil, China, Colombia, Egypt, Hong Kong, Israel, Malaysia, Mexico, Russia, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, and United Arab Emirates. Questionnaires were sent to adult members of online respondent panels for determination of AD and assessment of severity. A diagnosis of AD required respondents to meet the modified United Kingdom (UK) Working Party criteria and to self-report they had a physician diagnosis of AD. Severity of AD was determined using Patient-Oriented Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (PO-SCORAD), Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM), and Patient Global Assessment (PGA). ResultsAmong respondents by country/region the prevalence of AD ranged from 3.4% in Israel to 33.7% in Thailand. The prevalence was generally higher in females versus males. Severity varied by scale, although regardless of scale the proportion of respondents with mild and moderate disease was higher than severe disease. PGA consistently resulted in the lowest proportion of severe AD (range 2.4% China – 10.8% Turkey) relative to PO-SCORAD (range 13.4% China – 41.6% KSA) and POEM (range 5.1% China – 16.6% Israel). ConclusionsThis survey highlights the importance of AD in adults, with high prevalence and high morbidity among respondents and emphasizes that AD is not just a disease of childhood—there is disease persistence and chronicity in adults.

Nutritional treatment of atopic diseases according to YouTube videos

Atopic diseases are the most common chronic diseases in childhood and persist into adulthood.1 Worldwide more than 250 million suffer from asthma. The prevalence of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis is still increasing in the general population, and although there are geographical differences, the prevalence of atopic dermatitis is up to 20%.2-4 Although anti-inflammatory medications remain a cornerstone in the treatment of atopic diseases, mounting evidence suggests that a Mediterranean diet containing high levels of antioxidants and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids seems to play a role for both the development and prognosis of atopic diseases.