Atomic Absorption Determination Research Articles

Atomic absorption and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission determination of iron and manganese in medicinal salt mixtures

Complete extraction of analytes from samples and the homogeneity of analyzed solutions were achieved using ultrasonic treatment (20 minutes). The sensitivity, precision, and accuracy of atomic absorption determination of analytes were improved by using Triton X-100 (4%) and calibration solutions based on iron and manganese acetylacetonates. It was demonstrated that sensitivity increased by 1.7 times for manganese and 1.5 times for iron. The iron and manganese content in medicinal salt mixtures was determined using both atomic absorption and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission methods. The results obtained by these two independent methods were compared, showing that the dispersions are homogeneous and the variation in results is minor, attributed to random error. The accuracy of the atomic absorption results was verified using the standard addition method and by varying the sample weight, confirming that systematic error is negligible. The detection limits established by the atomic absorption method were Cmin=0.009 g/mL for iron (Cmin, lit=0.015 g/mL) and Cmin=0.003 g/mL for manganese (Cmin, lit=0.004 g/mL).

Atomic absorption determination of copper and zinc in pharmaceutical preparations

The effect of Triton X-100 surface-active substance on the value of the analytical signal during the atomic absorption determination of copper and zinc was studied. It was shown that the maximum value of the analytical signal in the determination of analytes is achieved when Triton X-100 is used at a mass fraction of 5%. The sensitivity of the atomic absorption determination of copper increases by 1.74 times and that of zinc by 1.58 times. Sample preparation of pharmaceutical substances was carried out using ultrasound treatment. The most complete extraction of metals was achieved when the samples were treated with ultrasound for 25 minutes, and homogeneous solutions were obtained. The use of acetylacetonates of metals as standard samples of the composition increased the accuracy of copper and zinc determination due to the similarity of the calibration and analyzed solutions. The correctness of the result of the atomic absorption analysis was checked by the "injected-found out" method and by varying the weight of the sample. It was established that the systematic error is not significant. The limits of detection of copper (Cmin=0.002 g/ml, Ctheor=0.004 g/ml) and zinc (Cmin=0.003 g/ml, Ctheor=0.004 g/ml) were determined by the atomic absorption method, they are lower than those given in literature.

Photo-fixation of Ag onto TiO2 Powder Films for Improved Photocatalytic Activity and Atomic-absorption Determination of Residual Noble Metal in Dyes Solution

For the first time, we photo-fixed silver ions (10–2, 10–3, and 10–4 M) onto films prepared from commercial TiO2 powder via ultraviolet illumination. The synthesis process is straightforward and environmentally friendly. The nanostructures are characterized by SEM, XRD, FAAS, and UV/Vis spectroscopy for the photocatalytic properties. The X-ray diffraction pattern demonstrated the phase of the anatase TiO2 structure. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry is used as a simple way to determine the Ag+ content in solutions from the heterogeneous photocatalysis under UV illumination. The research shows that at the end of the degradation process, no silver ions are observed for both dyes – malachite green and methylene blue. The formation of stable intermediates by the reaction of OH with the triarylmethane dye during the photocatalysis resulted in faster degradation of malachite green than methylene blue. In comparison to pure TiO2, the TiO2/Ag films have higher photocatalytic efficiency. The reason is the presence of silver, which leads to a decrease in the recombination of pairs of charges.

СОРБЦІЙНО-АТОМНО-АБСОРБЦІЙНЕ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ Cu(II), Cd(II), Ni(II) ТА Pb(II) У ВИНАХ

Background. Complexity and multistage of wine technology increase risks of wine contamination by metal ions. That is why development of reliable, fast and cheap methods of toxic metals determination is actual task. The atomic absorption method possesses all above benefits; however, its sensitivity is not high enough. So, for the heave metals determination in wines on the level of maximum permissible concentration requires additional preconcentration at the probe pretreatment stage. The purpose of present work is the development of the procedure of atomic absorption determination of copper, cadmium, nickel and lead in wines through their selective preconcentration of silicas with chemically grafted iminodiacetic acid groups (SiO2-IDA) and ethylenediaminetriacetic acid (SiO2-EDTA) Methods. Sorption characteristics of chemically modified silicas for Cu (II), Cd (II), Ni (II) and Pb (II) were studied in dynamic mode, equilibrium concentrations of metal ions were determined by atomic adsorption. Results. Optimal conditions of Cu (II), Cd (II), Ni (II) and Pb (II) sorption were studied. Sorption – atomic absorption procedure of these metals quantification in aqueous solutions, was proposed. This procedure if suitable for analysis of red and white wines with satisfactory accuracy and reproducibility. Conclusions. The SiO2-IDA adsorbent appeared low efficient for metals preconcentration in dynamic conditions. The quantitative extraction of all Cu (II), Cd (II), Ni (II) and Pb (II) on SiO2-EDTA takes place at the pH = 4 – 5, while their quantitative elution can be achieved by adsorbent treatment with 1% Thio in 0.1 mol/l HCl. The optimal volume of the eluate is 2 ml for 0.1 g of adsorbent. Proposed approach was successfully applied for preconcentration and following atomic absorption determination of metal ions in red and white wines samples.

Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Determination of Platinum and Palladium in Glass Cloth Catalysts

Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Determination of Platinum and Palladium in Glass Cloth Catalysts

Preconcentration of Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury(II) Ions on a Polymeric Modified Adsorbent Based on a Highly Basic ARA-8p Anionite and a Rhodanine Derivative

We studied the conditions for the adsorption of zinc, cadmium, and mercury(II) ions on a modified adsorbent based on an ARA-8p highly basic anion exchange resin and a Rhodanine derivative, 5-(4-carboxyphenyl-azo)rhodanine (ARA-8p-p-KBAR), in a batch mode. The values of pH, phase contact time, and adsorbate concentration at which the maximum recovery of zinc, cadmium, and mercury(II) ions was achieved were determined. The adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for the adsorbed ions was determined from the obtained adsorption isotherms. The calculated value of the free energy shows that adsorption proceeds with the formation of an ionic bond. Eluents were selected to ensure the quantitative desorption of zinc, cadmium, and mercury(II) ions. The interfering effect of macrocomponents and trace elements of water was studied; zinc, cadmium, and mercury(II) ions were quantitatively adsorbed by this adsorbent from a solution of a complex composition. A procedure was developed for the adsorption–atomic-absorption determination of zinc, cadmium, and mercury(II) ions in various water samples.

Содержание микроэлементов в некоторых видах беспозвоночных из залива Терпения Охотского моря

The data on atomic absorption determination of the content of trace elements in the tissues and organs of some invertebrate species sampled in January 2021 from the by-catch in the Eleginus gracilis fishery in the Terpeniya Bay, the Sea of Okhotsk are presented. The concentrations of toxic normalized trace elements (As, Pb, Cd) in commercial species are shown not to exceed the permissible levels.

New Methods for Atomic-Absorption Determination of Metals in Aviation and Automotive Gasolines

Methods were developed for direct atomic absorption determination of lead and lithium as components of antiknock additives in aviation and automotive gasoline at concentrations in the ranges of 100-1700 (lead) and 2.5/0.25-100 (lithium) mg/dm3. The conditions of atomization of the sample solutions and calibration solutions and elimination of the effect of the matrix of the analyzed samples on the results were achieved by suitable dilution of the samples and by including aliquots of solutions simulating the composition of gasolines prepared from individual high-purity hydrocarbons in the composition of the reference solutions and calibration solutions. The methods are characterized by high precision, are simple to use, and can be recommended for quality control and identification of gasoline.

Extractive separation of selenium for atomic-absorption determination in purified sulfur

The expanding use of sulfur in medicine, science and technology has tightened the requirements for the impurity composition, including the content of selenium in sulfur. Combined extraction-atomic absorption methods have been developed to determine selenium in purified sulfur. The possibility of using thiourea derivatives such as sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and diphenylthiocarbazone for the extraction of microgram amounts of selenium from sulfuric acid solutions was studied. Optimal conditions for the extraction of selenium from sulfate solutions are determined. Two procedures for selenium separation are proposed: extraction of selenium diethyldithiocarbamate with ethyl acetate from a solution of sulfuric acid with pH 3 or extraction of selenium dithizonate with chloroform from a 5.25 – 6.0 M sulfuric acid solution. The results of the extraction-atomic absorption determination of selenium in sulfur are compared for both procedures of selenium separation. The accuracy of the selenium determination in purified sulfur is confirmed by the method of varying sample weight. The optimal temperature-time parameters for the electrothermal atomic absorption determination of selenium are determined. The limit of selenium determination is 1 × 10–5 % wt. The values of sr in the range of selenium content 2 × 10–5 — 1 × 10–4 % wt. change from 0.10 to 0.12.

Новые методы атомно-абсорбционного определения содержания металлов в авиационном и автомобильном бензинах

New methods for direct atomic absorption determination of lead and lithium as antiknock additives components in aviation and automotive gasoline in the concentration ranges 100–1700 (Pb) and 2.5/0.25–100 (Li) mg/L have been developed. To overcome the difference in analytical signals for samples and standard solutions due to concentration values and matrix effects the proper sample dilution and the addition of the blank as pure reagent hydrocarbons mixture in the solutions have been offered. The methods have high precision, are simple and may be recommended for gasoline quality control and identification procedures.

Atomic-Absorption Determination of Copper(II) in Water Samples after Its Cloud-Point Extraction Preconcentration

We study and optimize the conditions for the cloud-point extraction (CPE) preconcentration of Cu(II) in the form of its complex with 6,7-dihydroxy-4-methyl-2-phenylbenzopyrylium chloride in the micellar phase of the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100. The introduction of ammonium benzoate into the system until a pH of 4.5 is reached at a Triton X-100 concentration of 0.4 vol % leads to the initiation of the formation of a micellar phase at room temperature. We develop a procedure for the atomic absorption determination of Cu(II) after its CPE preconcentration. The calibration dependence is linear in the concentration range of 5.0 to 213 μg/L, and the detection (cmin) and determination (clim) limits are, respectively, 1.5 and 5.0 μg/L. The proposed procedure is tested in the analysis of natural and drinking waters, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) does not exceed 4%.

ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF HERBAL TEAS STUDIED BY INSTRUMENTAL NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANAL-YSIS AND ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY

The plants that make up herbal tea have a complex chemical composition and can be related to drug collections and have various pharmacological properties that affect human health. In addition to organic acids, vitamins, flavonoids, essential oils, the medicinal properties of plants are affected by macro- and microelements included in their composition. Macronutrients and microelements determine the medicinal properties of plants, are substances necessary for human growth and normal development. The composition of seven herbal teas developed in the scientific center of the North Ossetian State University after K.L. Khetagurov, each of which contains from 3 to 8 plant components was analyzed. Plant material was collected in the summer of 2018 in the mountainous and foothill areas of North Ossetia (Central Caucasus). Using instrumental neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrometry, the presence and determination of 37 elements was carried out for the first time in herbal teas (Na, Mg, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Mo, In, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Sm, Tb, Hf, Ta, W, Au, Th, and U). The results are discussed in terms of using the studied herbal teas as a safe source of trace elements. Herbal teas can be used as functional foods that are not a drug, but replenish the human body with important compounds and elements that have a definite positive effect on the body.

Control of residual amounts of copper-containing pesticides in plant products

Relevance and methods. Methodological approaches to assessing the residual amounts of copper-containing pesticides in plant products against the background of natural copper content are presented. The conditions for obtaining reliable results when conducting a hygienic assessment of the content of residual amounts of the active substance are determined. The developed scheme for determining the residual amounts of copper-containing pesticides includes the homogenization of the analyzed material by shredding with dry ice and microwave mineralization of samples with subsequent flameless atomic absorption determination of copper.Results. Data on the levels of natural copper content in samples of potatoes, onions, cucumbers, tomatoes and grapes of various varieties and growing areas are presented. The possibility of applying the developed approaches to study the dynamics of accumulation of active substances during the growing season is shown.

Absorption of Heavy Metal Lead (Pb) by Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and Its Influence to Total Dissolved Solids of Groundwater in Phytoremediation

Waste of heavy metal lead (Pb) in waters needs to be addressed through phytoremediation because it is toxic to the environment. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) ability in water to absorb heavy metal Pb and its effects to total dissolved solids (TDS) of groundwater during the phytoremediation process. Using E. crassipes, groundwater samples and Pb(NO3)2 as a source of Pb, the initial characterization of the two samples was previously carried out. Created four treatments of ground water, i.e.: P1 contains 2 ppm Pb with E. crassipes, P2 contains 4 ppm Pb with E. crassipes, P3 contains 2 ppm Pb without E. crassipes, and P4 contains 4 ppm Pb without E. crassipes. Observation of Pb by method of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and determination of TDS by gravimetric method, each carried out on days 0, 4, 8, and 12. The results show the treatment of 2 ppm Pb, E. crassipes is more effective at absorbing Pb which is 96.0% compared to treatment 4 ppm Pb which is 90.0%. While 2 ppm Pb and 4 ppm Pb as control only 18.5% and 17.5%. Treatment of 2 ppm Pb which uses E. crassipes shows better water quality than concentration TDS 62.55 ppm compared to treatment of 4 ppm Pb with TDS 70.50 ppm while 2 ppm Pb and 4 ppm Pb as a control does not significantly affect to water quality.

Fine Gold Extraction Problem from Industrial Sludge

Error reasons of gold analytical determination in the chemical plant sludge are studied. The studied sludge is waste of BaCl2 production. According to preliminary estimates it contains gold in sufficient quantity for industrial extraction. Comparison of direct sludge fire assay analysis and sludge dissolution in aqua regia, followed by gold atomic absorption determination in solution is made. The negative effect of Na+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Zn2+ ions presence in studied solutions was shown. Error quantitative estimate at alkali metals introducing into standard solutions is given. It is shown that Ca2+ and Ba2+ ions contribute the most error. Error increases linearly at addition of Ca2+ and Ba2+ ions. Growth error gradually slow down at increasing Na+, Zn2+ ion content.

Anthropogenic Effects of Coal Mining on Ecological Resources of the Central Indus Basin, Pakistan

Water is essential for life, agriculture, and industrialization; however, a rapid increase in population is constantly causing water scarcity and pollution in Pakistan. Mining activities produce the potential toxic element (PTE) accumulation, which lead to unnatural enrichment, ecological pollution, and environmental degradation. The ecological resources impeded by the PTEs cause serious abnormalities in the population through dermal contact, inhalation, and digestion. Mining induced anthropogenic activities are well-known causes of contamination of ecological resources. The produced effluents have drastic effects by changing the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the concerned resources. The Central Indus Basin is a well-known coal regime, where more than 160 mines are active at present. The samples that were collected from the mine water, groundwater, surface water, and the soil were analyzed by atomic absorption and elemental determination analysis (EDA) for an assessment of their quality and the presence of PTEs. The results were correlated with available quality standards, including the World Health Organization (WHO), National Standard of Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ), World Wildlife Fund (WWF), and Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs). These analyses showed the noticeable anthropogenic concentration of PTEs, like iron, cadmium, sulphur, and copper, which can degrade the quality of resources in the Central Indus Basin and have adverse effects on human health. An excessive amount of acid mine drainage (AMD) draws attention to some suitable active or passive treatments for disposal from mines to avoid degradation of ecological resources in the Central Indus Basin of Pakistan.

Determine heavy metals in water, aquatic plants, and sediment in water systems

Objective:Biomonitoring pollution of water bodies with heavy metals using evaluation of the level of concentration of heavy metals in water, aquatic plants, and sediments in 9 important rivers and lakes in the water bodies of Yekaterinburg. (Eight rivers and one lake).Methods: Sample preparation for the atomic absorption determination of the acid-soluble “mobile” form of eight metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) in the composition of bottom sediments was carried out by the method of wet mineralization in accordance with the Methodological Guidelines the definition of heavy metals.Results:All concentrations of heavy metals in sediments and aquatic plants were higher than in a water sample.Conclusions: Concentrations of all water samples were within acceptable limits established by WHO, while the concentrations of all aquatic plants and sediment were above the acceptable limits of WHO.

РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ МЕТАЛЛОВ (Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Cr, Pb, Fe И Mn) В ПОВЕРХНОСТНОМ СЛОЕ ДОННЫХ ОСАДКОВ СРЕДНЕГО И ЮЖНОГО КАСПИЯ

Atomic absorption determinations of a group of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Cr, Pb, Fe, Mn) in 190 samples of surface bottom sediments of the Middle and Southern Caspian Sea that were sampled by crab in middle of XX century (the collection of G.N. Baturin) and in 30 samples of recent sampling by grab also (2012–2015) were carried out. The aim of the investigations was to construct the schematic maps of heavy metal distribution in bottom sediments of both parts of the Caspian Sea on the materials of a half of century prescription that may serve as a base for comparison with the data of recent researches in frameworks of the program “The Caspian Sea System” under leadership of academic A.P.Lisitzin from 2012 till present time. The comparison between chemical composition of old and new sediment samples was realized, their similarities and divergences were revealed and probable reasons of divergences were presented. The maps of distribution of several metals (Fe, Mn, Co, Cr) are submitted together with necessary for interpretation maps of CaCO3, Corg and some other. It was shown that the structure of maps for all metals investigated was very similar because all these metals had concern to the group of iron.

Atomic absorption determination of mercury in urine by cold steam method using mercury- hydride prefix

Mercury is one of the most common in various industries and at the same time dangerous chemicals. It is able to be deposited in the body and have a toxic effect for a long time after the cessation of contact. Under the influence of mercury, workers can develop various intoxications, as a result of which pathological changes in the nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine, immune and reproductive systems are possible.Under production conditions, mercury enters the body, usually in the form of vapors (absorbed about 80%) and suspended particles. Inorganic forms of mercury are excreted mainly in the urine (60%). However, insufficient attention is currently being paid to the problem of determining the mercury content in urine samples. To date, in world practice there is no systematic approach to the determination of small doses of mercury in the body, as a result of which it is difficult to timely identify public health disorders. This is largely due to the lack of highly sensitive and highly effective methods of analysis, allowing routine measurements with minimal cost and high accuracy. The methods currently used are either quite expensive or have low accuracy/sensitivity.The aim of the study was to develop a method of atomic absorption determination of mercury in urine by cold steam, which would allow at minimal cost to increase the accuracy and sensitivity of mercury detection in the body.Materials and methods. Quantitative measurement of mercury in urine samples was carried out on an atomic absorption spectrometer with a mercury-hydride prefix using model solutions of different concentrations.Results. The study determined the optimal conditions for sample preparation of urine samples, set the range of concentrations for the construction of the calibration schedule, studied the effect of the matrix on the accuracy of the analysis by the “introduced-found” method. The lower limit of detection of the developed technique was 0.05 mcg/l, the upper limit–100 mcg/l (if necessary, it can be increased by additional dilution). The relative error of determination depending on the concentration varied from 3 to 15%.Conclusions. A highly sensitive, affordable and relatively inexpensive method for the determination of mercury in urine has been developed, which will allow to diagnose with high accuracy the background contents of mercury in urine, which is especially important when inspecting workers of industries associated with the use of mercury and its compounds, as well as the population living in areas close to these industries.

Atomic absorption determination of Hg (II), Cd (II), and As (III) in natural and waste water after preliminary group preconcentration

The sorption of Hg (II), Cd (II), and As (III) by natural aluminosilicate is studied. It is shown that the mineral absorbs those toxicants in a rather wide pH range, quantitative extraction of analytes being achieved in a neutral or close to neutral medium (pH values range within 7.0 - 8.0; 6.3 - 7.5; 7.4 - 8.5 for Hg (II), As (III), and Cd (II), respectively). The effect of the time of phase contact on the degree of extraction of elements is shown. The sorption capacity of the mineral in optimal conditions of the medium acidity (0.06 mmol/g for mercury, 0.31 mmol/g for cadmium, and 0.52 mmol/g for arsenic) is determined. The distribution coefficients attain values of aboutnX 103-nX 104. A new combined method for determination of Hg (II), Cd (II), and As (III) in natural and waste water is developed and tested. The method consists in a preliminary group sorption concentration of the analytes by aluminosilicate, desorption of the analytes from the surface of the mineral and their subsequent atomic absorption determination. The correctness of the method is verified in analysis of spiked samples. The method is easy to use and exhibits high sensitivity, reproducibility and accuracy of analyte determination. The relative standard deviation does not exceed 0.13. Economic availability and possibility of using domestic sorption materials are the important advantages of the proposed procedure which can be used in the practice of laboratories monitoring the quality and safety of environmental objects.