Atmospheric Plasma Technology Research Articles

Selection and Genetic Analysis of High Polysaccharide-Producing Mutants in Inonotus obliquus.

Inonotus obliquus, a medicinal fungus, has garnered significant attention in scientific research and medical applications. In this study, protoplasts of the I. obliquus HS819 strain were prepared using an enzymatic method and achieved a regeneration rate of 5.83%. To enhance polysaccharide production of I. obliquus HS819, atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) technology was employed for mutagenesis of the protoplasts. Through liquid fermentation, 32 mutant strains exhibiting diverse characteristics in morphology, color of the fermentation broth, mycelial pellet size, and biomass were screened. Secondary screening identified mutant strain A27, which showed a significant increase in polysaccharide production up to 1.67 g/L and a mycelial dry weight of 17.6 g/L, representing 137.67% and 15% increases compared to the HS819 strain, respectively. Furthermore, the fermentation period was reduced by 2 days, and subsequent subculture cultivation demonstrated stable polysaccharide production and mycelial dry weight. The genome resequencing analysis of the HS819 strain and mutant strain A27 revealed 3790 InDel sites and mutations affecting 612 functional genes associated with polysaccharide synthesis. We predict that our findings will be helpful for high polysaccharide production through genetic engineering of I. obliquus.

Potential Applications of Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) Technologies to Improve the Phytochemical Content of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables.

Potential Applications of Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) Technologies to Improve the Phytochemical Content of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables.

Atmospheric plasma technology for sustainable wet processing of textiles

Nowadays, the preservation of the environment is one of the top priorities of scientists and researchers which drives them to innovate and develop eco-friendly methods and processes. The textile industry is considered one of the most water consumption industries due to the water they need for preparation and finishing operations. The wet processing of textiles is a complex and resource-intensive stage in the textile supply chain. While it allows for the creation of vibrant and functional textiles, it has associated environmental challenges, such as water pollution, chemical usage, and high energy consumption. In response to these challenges, sustainable alternatives like atmospheric plasma technology are being explored to reduce the environmental impact of wet processing in the textile industry. For textile fields of application, fundamentally only 'cold plasma' and in particular the corona and glow discharge are of interest. Plasma treatment generally takes place in dry conditions; thus, the fibres are not swollen. The changes in properties induced by plasma treatment are therefore restricted to the surface only.This review aims to highlight the effects of plasma treatment technology on textiles and the potentiality of considering it as an alternative to conventional wet processing (desizing, bleaching, etc.). Types of plasma, techniques, applications, advantages, and disadvantages are mentioned. The water consumption and the environmental impact are discussed.Plasma modification of textiles saves large quantities of water, chemicals, and electrical energy, which is made possible since the plasma process does not produce large volumes of waste or toxic by-products.

Mechanism of improving the digestibility of coconut globulin by atmospheric cold plasma treatment: The perspective of protein structure

As a natural emulsifier in coconut milk, coconut globulin (CG) is a potential plant-based protein source to replace animal protein. However, due to its poor solubility and poor digestive properties, CG is not sufficiently utilized. The aim of this study was to improve the digestibility of CG by employing atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) technology. The influence of ACP treatment on the digestive properties of coconut globulin was evaluated by measurements of digestibility, degree of hydrolysis, free amino acids (FAAs), and polypeptide distribution after gastrointestinal digestion. These results implied that application of ACP treatment facilitated the digestion of CG, resulting in the hydrolysis of the compound into numerous smaller peptides (<1000 Da) and FAAs. The quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation technique was utilized to monitor the dynamic digestion process of CG. The results observed that ACP-treated CG had increased affinity for pepsin and trypsin, especially at 60 kV (the adsorbed mass was 7.60 μg/cm2). Various analytical techniques, including circular dichroism spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and particle size distribution, demonstrated that ACP treatment facilitated the structural unfold of CG, resulting in increased exposure of enzyme binding sites and hydrolysis into smaller fragments. In addition, in vitro and cell-based antioxidant experiments provided evidence of the significant antioxidant activity of the hydrolysate derived from ACP-treated CG. Hence, the utilization of ACP treatment at 60 kV emerged as the optimal approach for enhancing the digestibility of CG (from 71.65% to 78.65%). This finding provides a theoretical basis for the use of ACP treatment in protein-rich foods, thereby providing insights for expanding the application of ACP treatment in the field of food processing.

The application of cold atmospheric plasma technology in the brain: The potential role of reactive species in neuroprotection effects of plasma

The application of cold atmospheric plasma technology in the brain: The potential role of reactive species in neuroprotection effects of plasma

Effect of the Cold Atmospheric Plasma Technology for Treatment the Cancer Diseases in the Human: A literature Review

CAP is a form of plasma with a temperature below 104°F at the application site. There are a variety of techniques for producing CAP, including Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet, Dielectric Barrier Discharge, and plasma needle and pencil. Multiple gases can produce CAP, including Helium, Heliox, Nitrogen, Argon, and air. Due to CAP's ability to deactivate organisms, cause cell separation, and kill cancer cells, researchers are interested in identifying dental and oncological applications for the compound. CAP is an ionized gas at 25 Co; it produces ROS and RNS due to several factors such as U.V., ray, heat, and power electric effects. Plasma is a matter at (fourth state) formed at low pressure or high temperature. Often, it is described as an ionized gas produced by the polyatomic fragmentation or the subtraction of electrons from monatomic gas shells. CAP has an antitumor effect. The current study aims to shed light on CAP technology, its definition, types, general applications, and their applications in treating human cancer. CAP was effective in treating cancer and eliminating tumor cells. CAP may have a place in the therapy of cancer. CAP used for cancer therapy has many advantages as a therapeutic method due to its effects of high selectivity, non-toxicity, combination potential, and adaptability. CAP eradicates cancer cells and uses this technique as a clinical therapeutic option that is effective and safe.

Enhancing docosahexaenoic acid production in Aurantiochytrium species using atmospheric and room temperature plasma mutagenesis and comprehensive multi-omics analysis

Aurantiochytrium sp. belongs to marine heterotrophic single-cell protist, which is an important decomposer in marine ecosystem. Aurantiochytrium sp. has gained notoriety because of its ability to accumulate high-value docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), but the key factors of DHA synthesis were unclear at present. In this study, Atmospheric and Room Temperature Plasma technology was applied to the mutagenic breeding of Aurantiochytrium sp., and transcriptomics and proteomics were adopted to analyze the DHA-biosynthesis mechanism. According to the growth and DHA accumulation profiles, the mutant strain Aurantiochytrium sp. R2A35 was selected. The DHA content in total lipids was greatly improved from 49.39 % of the wild strain R2 to 63.69 % of the mutant strain. Moreover, the DHA content in the biomass of Aurantiochytrium sp. R2A35 as 39.72 % was the highest DHA productivity reported so far. The differentially expressed genes distinguished from transcriptome and the TMT-identified differential proteins distinguished from proteome confirmed that the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and ketoacyl reductase was up-regulated by 4.78-fold and 6.95-fold, respectively and the fatty acid synthase was concurrently down-regulated by 2.79-fold, so that more precursor was transported to the polyketide synthase pathway, thereby increasing the DHA yield in Aurantiochytrium sp. R2A35. This research would provide reference for the DHA metabolism process and contribute to the understanding of the decomposer - Aurantiochytrium sp. in marine ecosystems.

Robust packaging of printed flexible electronics with functional SiOx coatings via cold atmospheric plasma assisted deposition

The ubiquity of printed flexible electronics (PFEs) spans diverse sectors, from healthcare to automotive, aerospace, agriculture, and consumer electronics, owing to their low cost, lightweight, flexibility, and conformability. However, addressing the critical challenge of ensuring robust packaging to enhance the durability and reliability of PFEs remains imperative. The limitation lies in the functionality of traditional polymer-based dielectric encapsulants, resulting in weak bonding between electrical components on the circuit and the encapsulant. As a consequence, when PFEs are exposed to harsh environmental conditions, water condensation occurs at the interface, leading to device failure. While hybrid multi-layer inorganic and organic encapsulation methods have demonstrated promise in providing robust packaging for electronic devices, the required deposition of inorganic coatings involves complex, time-consuming, and costly processes, rendering them unsuitable for scalable manufacturing of PFE devices. To address this challenge, a novel approach is investigated using cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) technology for the deposition of SiOx coatings as an intermediate layer between the printed circuit and the dielectric encapsulant coating. This effective intermediate layer promotes adhesion and enhances barrier properties of commonly used polymeric coatings in PFE devices. The CAP method enables selective deposition of high-quality and consistent SiOx thin films onto desired substrates under atmospheric conditions. Through a systematic study of CAP deposition conditions, the optimum thickness (∼820 nm) of the SiOx coating was determined, providing the required functionality to enhance barrier properties for corrosion protection of printed circuits while maintaining high mechanical flexibility. A remarkable 105-fold improvement in corrosion protection properties was observed through accelerated corrosion protection tests in saline water with the developed hybrid inorganic–organic coating process, compared to traditional encapsulation without the SiOx intermediate layer. As a proof-of-concept, the improved packaging of printed antennas, typically used in automobile rooftop shark fin applications, is showcased, highlighting the utility of the developed process in creating fully functional PFEs capable of reliable operation in harsh environmental conditions. This research represents a significant advancement towards scalable and cost-effective manufacturing of high-performance and reliable PFEs, introducing new possibilities for a broad range of applications.

Understanding the mechanisms of action of atmospheric cold plasma towards the mitigation of the stress induced in molds: The case of Aspergillus chevalieri

Aspergillus chevalieri is a xerophilic/xerotolerant fungi affecting dried food products. In this study the ability of non-thermal cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) at high power density (NOx) to affect biological process inducing the stress responses of A. chevalieri species exposed for 5 min (5’CAP-NOx) and 30 min (30’CAP-NOx) were analysed at 0, 1, 6, 12 and 48-h post treatment (hpt). At 48 hpt with 30’CAP-NOx, 84% of fungal growth reduction was observed. The membrane integrity estimated by confocal investigation after carboxyfluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide staining showed the dead surface mycelium layers exposed to the treatments. Reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR revealed an early downregulation, at 0 hpt, followed by upregulation or recovery starting to 1 hpt, of selected key genes involved in fungal stress responses. The cellular response to stress was confirmed by mycelial glutathione accumulation in the early phase after both CAP-NOx treatments, at 0 and 1 hpt, followed by the strong glutathione reduction at 12 and 48 hpt using 30’CAP-NOx treatment. The ability of A. chevalieri to modulate metabolic profile according to treatments was underlined by volatilome investigation, which mainly involved lipid metabolism. This work highlighted the adaptative response mechanisms of A. chevalieri to overcome the CAP-NOx treatment. Industrial relevanceThe application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) technology to avoid microbial growth in foods is considered of high interest. Utilization of CAP technology, a nonthermal technique, is encouraged because of its efficiency in maintaining natural aroma and flavor and product shelf-life. Regarding the management of Aspergillus chevalieri, the developments in mechanistic insights indicated that cold plasma affected several targets in fungal cells and was a successful tactic when employed to stop the selection of resistant fungal strains.

Reduction of microbial population of fresh vegetables (carrot, white radish) and dried fruits (dried fig, dried peach) using atmospheric cold plasma and its effect on physicochemical properties

Non-observance of hygiene principles during storage causes excessive growth of microorganisms in these products and the return of export products to the manufacturer. The purpose of this research is to examine the antimicrobial effects of the jet cold plasma device and its impact on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of a carrot, white radish, dried fig, and dried peach. For this purpose, the samples were inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7, Enterococcus faecalis, and Aspergillus niger. Then samples were treated with atmospheric cold plasma in the form of a jet probe and DC pulse source with 17 KV and 2.26A for 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 min. The results showed that the rate of inactivation of microorganisms increases with increasing exposure time to atmospheric cold plasma. The maximum reduction of the microbial load was observed at 17 kV and 12 min. The resistance of microorganisms in dried fig and dried peach was higher than in carrot and white radish due to lower humidity. Also, A. niger showed the highest resistance to cold plasma compared with E. coli O157:H7, and E. faecalis. By comparing the average indices of a, and b, no significant change was observed between the treated and the control samples (p > 0.05). The texture structure remained intact after plasma application, and the plasma had no destructive effect on the texture. The samples treated with cold plasma did not show a significant effect on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of different food products. Therefore, atmospheric cold plasma technology can be used as an efficient maintenance technique to enhance the shelf life of food products.

Bioremediation of domestic wastewaters integrated with enhanced biodiesel production using Desmodesmus sp. mutated by atmospheric and room temperature plasma

In this work, we analyzed the biochemical changes and cultivation feasibility of microalgae Desmodesmus sp. mutated by atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) technology in mixed wastewater. The mutant strain AT151 was cultivated in different types of pretreated wastewaters for suitable pretreatment, resulting in the highest biomass content of > 354 mg/L, with a > 52% increase in lipid production in the filtered wastewater, and the difference between 0.22-μm and 0.45-um filtration was not significant (P > 0.05). The fatty acids of AT151 indicated a majority of C16 and C18 at > 86%, and the monounsaturated fatty acid content exceeded 18%, which was beneficial for high-quality biodiesel. Nutrient removal was found to be visible in wastewater by cultivating mutant microalgae AT151. The removal rates of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total organic carbon (TOC) for AT151 cultivated in wastewater were more than 87%, 94% and 47%, respectively. Furthermore, the relationship between the microalgae and bacteria was studied, showing significant differences in bacterial community (P < 0.05). The obvious phenomenon consisted of dominant bacteria changes, where Brevundimonas balnearis and Synechocystis sp. served as stable strains during cultivation, forming a symbiotic relationship with mutant microalgae AT151. The dominant bacteria showed obvious metabolism according to functional KEGG prediction, mainly affecting the factors of amino acids, carbohydrates, and growth factor metabolism. Therefore, enhancing microalgae biomass and lipid production through wastewater cultivation holds both scientific significance and practical feasibility.

Effect of irrigation with plasma‐activated wastewater on radish growth

AbstractCold atmospheric plasma technology activates water, but the effect of plasma‐activated wastewater on vegetables remains unexplored. The first garden bed was irrigated with wastewater from the Zhulebinsky collector after ultraviolet treatment, and the second bed was irrigated after plasma activation. The third garden bed was irrigated with plasma‐activated wastewater from the Kuryanovsky channel. The bacterial concentration in the water for all experiments was 106 CFU mL−1, the nitrate content in the water for the first garden bed was 6.3 mg L−1, and for the second and third garden beds, it was 10 mg L−1. The average fresh weight of radish roots from the garden bed when irrigated with plasma‐activated water from the Zhulebinsky collector was 7% higher than that when irrigated with ultraviolet‐treated water. The increase in the average fresh weight of stems with leaves was 13%. The highest total and average fresh weights of radish were observed in the garden bed when irrigated with plasma‐activated water from the Kuryanovsky channel. Compared with water irrigation from the Zhulebinsky collector, the increase in average fresh weight was 16%, and compared with irrigation with ultraviolet‐treated water, it was 29%. Reuse of plasma‐activated wastewater increases the yield of vegetables during irrigation and contributes to the saving of fresh water resources.

Mycotoxins degradation by reactive oxygen species in plasma: Reactive molecular dynamics insights

The food industry is plagued by mycotoxin contamination, and obtaining mycotoxin-free products has become a great challenge. With the advancement of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) technology, new ideas for mycotoxin decontamination have emerged. The reactive species in plasma can act on the toxic structural groups through various reaction pathways, which are not yet completely clear. In this paper, we investigated the reaction mechanisms of six mycotoxins upon the impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) employing reactive molecular dynamics (RMD) simulation. The degradation pathways of mycotoxins were revealed, and the reaction types of main toxic groups were summarized, including addition, oxidation, reduction, ring opening, side chain shedding, and even skeleton structure breaking. The degradation patterns of the double C=C bond and lactone ring were analyzed in detail. Besides the addition reaction, the double C=C bond can also be reduced by bond breaking or hydrogen atom abstraction reaction. The degradation processes of the lactone ring mainly include ring-opening reaction and reduction of lactone carbonyl group. The reaction processes can contribute to an improved understanding of the mechanisms of mycotoxins degradation by plasma and are also valuable for the degradation of other organic pollutants with the same structural groups.

Inactivation of pectinmethylesterase in fresh orange juice by cold atmospheric plasma technology: A kinetic study

Preservation of fruit juices requires the inactivation of natural endogenous enzymes, such as pectinmethylesterase (PME). Within this work, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), and in particular a dielectric barrier plasma jet fed with helium gas, was demonstrated to effectively inactivate PME of freshly squeezed orange juice in short treatment times (2–30 min). By a combination of temperature measurements and a multidimensional heat transfer model, the temperature profile of the whole sample during plasma treatment was extracted. It was found that the thermal phenomena were not a driving factor for PME inactivation. Plasma treatment of orange juices resulted in inactivation of 55–80% of PME with <5.0% of PME inactivation caused by the temperature increase from 20 to 90 °C. The Weibull distribution model compared to the first-order fractional, the sigmoidal logistic and the Hulsheger's kinetic models was found to better describe mathematically (R2 > 0.99; Af = 1.002–1.052) the effect of CAP processing on residual PME activity. Multi-parameter equation fits allowed the prediction of residual PME activity as a function of the applied voltage, helium flow, and treatment time. Generally, higher voltages and lower helium flows applied led to higher PME inactivation rates in fresh orange juice.

Cold-atmospheric-plasma activated-ice as a cooling medium with antimicrobial properties: Case study on fish fillet preservation

The efficacy and applicability of Plasma Activated Ice (PAI) -produced by cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) technology- on microorganisms and quality characteristics of perishable fresh sea bream (Sparus aurata) fillets, were evaluated. The changes in microbiological load and quality characteristics of fish fillets were investigated during storage with ice from deionized water (Control), PAI and ice from artificially produced water (Artificial) of H2O2 concentrations equal to those of PAI. Fresh sea bream fillets were packed under ice flakes (produced from PAI or Artificial or Control) on layers (as typically done in the relevant industry) and stored at 0.5 °C for 27 days. PAI application inhibited significantly the growth of microbial load of the fillets resulting in reduced growth rates while simultaneously significantly retarded the quality deterioration compared to the other disinfectant media. The use of PAI (with 10 mg/L H2O2) led to a 11-day and 6-day extension, i.e., 2-fold and a ∼ 1.5-fold extension, of the fillets shelf-life compared to the samples treated with Control and Artificial ice, respectively. The results proved the efficiency of PAI in extending the shelf-life of perishable foods during storage (or/and transportation), by validating its antimicrobial properties and cooling capacity.

Effects of cold atmospheric plasma on endogenous enzyme activity and muscle protein oxidation in Trachinotus ovatus

In this study, we investigated the effects of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) technology on endogenous enzyme characteristics and muscle protein properties of the golden pomfret (Trachinotus ovatus) under different treatment power and time conditions. Results showed that the enzymatic activity of cathepsin B, L, and calpain in crude protease extracts (CPE) decreased significantly as the treatment power and treatment time of CAP increased (p < 0.05). Oxidative degradation of the CPE after exposure to CAP resulted in significant changes in the structure, total sulfhydryl, and carbonyl content of the CPE (p < 0.05). CAP of an appropriate intensity resulted in significant improvements in the color parameters, hydration properties, and textural property parameters of muscle proteins (p < 0.05). These results suggest that CAP, as a non-thermophysical modification technique, can inhibit the activity of endogenous enzymes as well as alter the protein function in food.

The Efficacy and Safety of The Innovative Cold Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Technology in The Treatment of Striae Distensae: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Available current therapeutics modalities for striae distensae (SD) provide inconsistently effective outcomes. There is ongoing research on innovative treatment modalities to find better treatment solutions. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of innovative cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) technology in the treatment of striae distensae METHODS: This study includes twenty-three patients with striae distensae. The body was divided into two halves. One side was randomly treated with CAP biweekly on the same treated side for five sessions with 30 days follow-up after the last session. Another half was left untreated. Efficacy assessment was done using POSAS, patient satisfaction scales, and Antera 3D® skin imaging system. Safety assessment was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) and adverse effects monitoring. POSAS, patient and observer overall opinion score, and patient and observer total score in a summary of all rated characteristics, comparing treated and untreated areas, showed a statistically significant reduction in all parameters after one treatment (*P-value < 0.05). Patients rated satisfaction as a great improvement in 52.3%, moderate improvement in 39.1%, extreme improvement in 4.3%, and slight improvement in 4.3%. Adverse effects included small scabs, shallow wounds, and rash. CAP is a safe and effective, innovative treatment modality for striae distensae with minimal side effects.

Review of Developments in Combating COVID-19 by Vaccines, Inhibitors, Radiations, and Nonthermal Plasma.

Global society has been highly pressured by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has exposed vulnerabilities in supply chains for disinfection products, personal protective equipment, and medical resources worldwide. It is critically necessary to find effective treatments and medications for these viral infections. This review summarizes and emphasizes critical features of recent breakthroughs in vaccines, inhibitors, radiations, and innovative nonthermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) technologies to inactivate COVID-19. NTAP has emerged as an effective, efficient, and safe method of viral inactivation. NTAP can be used to inactivate viruses in an environmentally friendly manner, as well as activate animal and plant viruses in a variety of matrices. Researchers and engineers desire to help the medical world deal with the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic by establishing techniques that make use of widely available NTAP technologies. NTAP technology is not dependent on viral strain, and it does not necessitate months or years of research to develop specific vaccines for each novel or arising viral disease. We believe the NTAP is a highly promising technique for combating COVID-19 and other viruses. Thus, NTAP technology could be a significant breakthrough in the near future in assisting humans in combating COVID-19 infections. We hope that this review provides a platform for readers to examine the progress made in the fight against COVID-19 through the use of vaccines, inhibitors, radiation, and NTAP.

Atmospheric cold plasma technology for meat industry: A bibliometric review

Atmospheric cold plasma is an innovative, non-thermal technology. It has shown promising results for a broad range of food processing applications. On the basis of those facts, it has prompted growing attention in the scientific community. This paper reviews the literature generation trends surrounding the atmospheric cold plasma technology. A bibliometric analysis was carried out to objectively and analytically uncover the knowledge development in the atmospheric cold plasma technology within the context of meat processing. The research began with querying the Dimensions database for scientific articles published over the past two decades. A total of 105 papers were published during this period. The articles were examined according to several bibliometric metrics such as the year of publication, countries, institutions, sources, authors, and keywords frequency. The results of the bibliometric analysis revealed that researchers are very interested in studying the interface of the atmospheric cold plasma technology and meat processing. In the last couple of years, the number of publications on the topic has been growing. This is the first bibliometric investigation of the atmospheric cold plasma technology in the context of meat processing. To the authors’ best knowledge, no similar analysis has been performed before. This paper provides researchers with a better understanding of topic developments. A better understanding can aid future research by closing present knowledge gaps. Hence, the paper provides the continuation of up-to-date technological discussions among researchers.

Surface modification of peanut meal with atmospheric cold plasma: Identifying the critical factors that affect functionality

SummaryPeanut meal (PM), a by‐product of processing, is hard to recycle due to its poor functional properties affected by the processing environment. To increase its utilisation value, atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) technology was used to enhance the functional properties of PM. Results showed that the soluble protein concentration, water holding capacity, surface hydrophobicity, foaming and emulsifying properties of PM were significantly improved after ACP treatment. The changes in amino acid composition, surface element content, apparent conformation, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and secondary structure of the protein in PM indicated that ACP treatment promoted the interaction between components of PM by introducing oxygen‐containing groups and producing etching. The protein molecule tended to be flexible, so as to improve the overall function of PM. ACP could be an effective and promising method to improve the functional properties of agricultural by‐products for further utilisation.