ATmega328P Microcontroller Research Articles

Monitoring Respirable Dust Exposure in Fettling Work Environment of a Foundry: A Proposed Design Intervention

Foundry workers are exposed to numerous health hazards, which includes respirable dust exposure as a prominent health issue. Apart from metallic dust, respirable crystalline silica (RCS) is generated during the fettling operation, which is very hazardous and a leading cause for silicosis. Evaluation and control of such hazards deserve particular attention in order to reduce the dust exposure level upto the permissible limits. In present study, an attempt was made to propose a low-cost design control intervention utilizing sensor based intelligence (ATmega328P microcontroller and an optical dust-sensor, SHARP GP2Y1010AU0F) for monitoring the dust exposure, followed by virtual ergonomics approach in CATIAV5R20. The proposed device was tested under several operating conditions. The results indicated that the prototype was sensitive to dust, having higher average dust density values under the dust haze weather condition (arithmetic mean (AM): 0.2590 mg/m3, geometric mean (GM): 0.2350 mg/m3) and fettling work-section (AM: 0.2550 mg/m3, GM: 0.2164 mg/m3) respectively, as compared to other conditions. Also, biomechanics analysis yielded the spine compression values lesser than the recommended limits, validating that the proposed fettling booth models could be considered as suggestive engineering control measures in conjunction with the designed prototype, so as to minimize the respirable dust exposure levels.

Enhancing Reversible Data Hiding Technique in Encrypted Images

Nowadays, usage of the elevator is very common everywhere in out day to day life. The main aim of elevator is to transport the things like person or goods in fraction of seconds. As it has number of advantages so we prefer to use elevator. But as you know, corona virus is spreading all over the world; it is important and mandatory to take precaution by individual and we are sure our propose system help you out in this. The existing elevators can be used by pressing floor number as per needs. These elevators cannot be used by paralyzed, blind and physically challenged persons. In this paper we proposed voice control to elevator to prevent a physical touch as we all as all types of user can be used it easily. We used Arduino Uno ATmega328P microcontroller, Bluetooth module HC-05 and Motor driver unit with Android application. The speech recognition system provides the communication mechanism between the user and the Arduino based elevator control mechanism. We used of a DC motor for moving the elevator based on the voice/speech commands given by the user from mobile application. Its process the data and the result are generated in form of according to the user choices; that is elevator is moves upside or downside.

Development of Microcontroller-Based System for Background Radiation Monitoring.

An appearance of radiometers and dosimeters on free sale made it possible to provide better radiation safety for citizens. The effects of radiation may not appear all at once. They can manifest themselves in decades to come in future generations, in the form of cancer, genetic mutations, etc. For this reason, we have developed in this paper a microcontroller-based radiation monitoring system. The system determines an accumulated radiation dose for a certain period, as well as gives alarm signals when the rate of the equivalent dose exceeds. The high reliability of this system is ensured by a rapid response to emergency situations: excess of the allowable power of the equivalent radiation dose and the accumulator charge control. Further, we have composed a microcontroller electronic circuit for the monitoring radiation system. Additionally, an operation algorithm, as well as software for the ATmega328P microcontroller of the Arduino Uno board, have been developed.

Development of ATmega 328P micro-controller emulator for educational purposes

Abstract The paper presents some of our recent results in the field of computer emulation for supporting and enhancing the educational processes. The ATmega 328P micro-controller emulator has been developed as a set of emuStudio emulation platform extension modules (plug-ins). The platform is used at the Department of Computers and Informatics as a studying and teaching support tool. Within the Assembler course, currently, the Intel 8080 architecture and language is briefly described as a preliminary preparation material for the study of Intel x86 architecture, and the Intel 8080 emuStudio emulator module is used here. The aim of this work is to explore the possibility to enrich the course by introducing a more up-to-date and relevant technology and the ATmega is the heart of Arduino – a popular hardware and software prototyping platform. We consider the options to make the process of studying the assembly language principles more attractive for students and using the ATmega AVR architecture, which is broadly deployed in embedded systems, seems to be one of them.

Analisis Ketepatan Pengukur Daya dan Faktor Daya Listrik Berbasis Arduino Uno R3 328P

Electric power and power factor are two parameters that must be considered because they involve the quality of the energy consumed. In order to be able to analyze these, a microcontroller-based power and power factor meter are needed which can be further developed. In this research, a power and power factor meter based on the ATmega328P microcontroller was developed on the Arduino board. Several algorithms are used to calculate the frequency of the grids, as well as the true-RMS of voltage and current. The simulation results show that this system can measure the power and power factor for input voltages of 100 to 300 volts with a frequency of 45 to 156 Hz for loads up to 5 amperes. The mean calculation average error for linear load is 0.28% for active power and -0.33% for apparent power. Meanwhile, for nonlinear loads, the calculation average error for active power is 1.86% and apparent power is 0.47%.

Developing a Smart Device for Measuring and Monitoring Ammonia Concentration

This paper presents an approach for design and realization of a smart device for measuring and monitoring ammonia concentration. The developed system included two parts: hardware and software, in which the hardware of the system has been developed based on the ATMEGA328P microcontroller in order to collect data from the ammonia sensor MQ135. Meanwhile, the software is developed for signal processing and warning according to different thresholds. Collected data by the system is then transmitted to a computer via the wireless communication protocol. In addition, an interface is also designed on computers to collect and monitor data from sensors. The developed system allows to measure ammonia concentration up to 300ppm and has been tested not only at the laboratory but also at NPK factory of Lamthao Fertilizers and Chemicals Joint Stock Company. Experimental results show the desired performances of the developed system.

Cooling System for Field Service Clothes Pt. Pln Persero based on Arduino Nano

Work clothing is a type of clothing that is used specifically by a company or agency to perform a job for the benefit of the company. One of them is the work clothes worn by the substation and transmission maintenance team of PT. PLN (PERSERO). In the design and uniform provisions for transmission substation maintenance teams have been regulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration of the Republic of Indonesia Number Per.08 / Men / Vii / 2010 concerning Personal Protective Equipment. The whole body must be covered by work clothes, SNI standard worker helmets, gloves and shoes. The entire body of the maintenance team must be protected to create security in carrying out the work of securing the area around the substation and transmission tower. In carrying out the work of substation and transmission maintenance teams are often exposed to direct sunlight. So that the maintenance team often feels stifling when working in a high enough ambient temperature, coupled with the uniform covering the whole body causes discomfort to the substation maintenance team and transmission due to excessive sweating. Meanwhile, work clothes that cover the whole body are an obligation for the safety of workers. From this research, the results of the cooling system for the field service for the maintenance team of PT. PLN PERSERO Based on Arduino Nano. The system design in the program uses the C programming language with Arduino software.The idea is to execute the design system, using the ATMega 328p microcontroller as a design control system with a DHT 11 sensor as a temperature sensor which will then activate the cooling fan as a cooling system and the buzzer as an indicator of high working environment temperature. Design system performance supported by 18650 battery power source.

Development of a Low-Cost Portable Gas Sensing System Based on Molecularly Imprinted Quartz Crystal Microbalance Sensor for Detection of Eugenol in Clove Oil

A low-cost portable gas sensing system for the detection of eugenol in clove oil is described in this article. The sensor has been developed on a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) modified quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) platform. The system has two parts: 1) MIP-QCM sensor and 2) sensor signal measuring unit, which includes a crystal oscillator (10 MHz), a frequency counter (ATmega328P microcontroller unit), a liquid crystal display (LCD), and a data storage unit. A 10-MHz AT cut quartz crystal was coated with the synthesized solution of the optimum ratio of styrene, methyl methacrylate, and divinylbenzene with eugenol as the template. A crystal oscillator based on a simple complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor inverter and ATmega328 microcontroller were used for data generation and transfer. The portable instrument was used for the detection of eugenol in clove oil samples, which revealed reasonably good repeatability (96.37%), reproducibility (92.92%), and fast response time of about 1 min. The system could detect the concentration of eugenol at ppm level in different real samples. Finally, the response of the proposed system was correlated with the response obtained from gas chromatograph.

Analisis Ketepatan Pengukur Tegangan True RMS Jala-Jala Listrik Berbasis Mikrokontroler ATmega 328P

The analog AC-voltmeter usually can only measure the ideal-sinusoid voltage with narrow frequency range. Meanwhile, in fact the grid voltage is often not in the form of an ideal sinusoidal. To be able to measure a non-sinusoidal AC voltage with a wide range of frequency, a true-RMS voltmeter is needed. The research designed a true RMS measuring system using an ATmega 328P microcontroller. The input voltage is converted to pulse using Schmit triger and fed to the microcontroller’s external interrupt pin to calculate the input signal frequency. Meanwhile the microcontroller’s ADC sampled the input signal with a frequency of 128 times the signal’s frequency. RMS voltage calculations are performed using arithmetic operations for 16 and 32 bit integer variables. The test results show that the system can measure voltages with zero errors from 100 to 275 volts with a frequency of 50 Hz. The system can also measure voltages with zero errors at 220 volt with frequencies from 40 Hz to 150 Hz. However, this system can still be used to measure voltages ranging from 25 volts to 300 volts at frequencies from 35 Hz to 195 Hz with an average error of 0.21%. During RMS voltage calculation, the microcontroller’s CPU usage was 13.35%, so that this system can be further developed.

An Indigenous Smart Cane System For The Visually Impaired With Sound Clap Location Ability

Guiding the visually impaired persons is always very tasking. Smart Canes previously designed for the blinds are relatively costly. Also, most of the available Smart Cane Systems used only remote control and buzzing methods for locating the cane if misplaced. However, no research work has handled how to locate the cane should the remote control itself be misplaced. This work designed an Indigenous Smart Cane System for the Visually Impaired with Sound Clap Location Ability. It is relatively less costly, easy to learn, and can be located by a natural means if misplaced. The system uses one ATMEGA328P Microcontroller which is programmed to control both input and output signals. It was designed with three low-cost 0.3m resolution HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensors to detect obstacles within the range of 2cm – 400cm in the front, left and right directions of the user and sends the current obstacle distance signal to the controller for processing. Receiving this signal, the controller determines which of the output devices (Piezo Speaker, Earphone and Vibrator Motor) to use and communicate the object distance to the user. In case the cane is misplaced, the user makes a sound clap which triggers the Sound Sensor to send signal to the controller for an audio feedback. This audio feedback is done by the Piezo Speaker. The system was programmed to use a very simple object – detection algorithm to help the user learn how to use the cane easily. This system has been tested and found to be relatively less costly, easy to learn and can be located with a clap sound.
 Keywords: Sound-Clap Location Ability, Visually Impaired, Indigenous Smart Cane, Sensors, Audio Feedback; Object Distance; Microcontroller.

A portable electrocardiogram for real-time monitoring of cardiac signals

This study presents an electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring and processing system which can observe subjects in real time and display the resultant ECG signals on a computer for observation. The primary application is for the remote observation of cardiac patients. This paper aims to determine its reliability by analysing its portability and wireless connectivity. The system is comprised of three principal units, namely the data acquisition circuit, where cardiac electrical signals are detected using three surface electrodes placed at three different positions on the chest wall to follow the Einthoven Triangle. The signals measured are amplified and filtered by components in a circuit and are then carried to a data processing unit where a ATmega328P microcontroller with a ZigBee interface module are used to transfer the biosignal wirelessly to the Graphical User Interface (GUI) unit which has the capacity to observe ECG biosignals on a computer. The results demonstrated that the design successfully produced a distortion-free signal, namely the hardware and software elements operated and intercommunicated correctly. In both LabVIEW and MATLAB configurations, the GUI characteristics were examined and found to yield unproblematic, user-friendly displays in real-time. Thus, this research provides a novel ECG system design to effectively analyse cardiac patients, however, it would be useful to develop a tool that can differentiate the various forms of cardiac arrhythmia.

SNR-Centric Power Trace Extractors for Side-Channel Attacks

Existing power trace extractors consider the case where the number of power traces available to the attacker is sufficient to guarantee successful attacks, and the goal of power trace extraction is to extract a small part of traces with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to reduce the complexity of attacks rather than to increase the success rates. Although strict theoretical proofs are given, the existing power trace extractors are too simple and leakage characteristics of Points-of-Interest (POIs) have not been thoroughly analyzed. They only maximize the variance of the data-dependent power consumption component and ignore the noise component, which results in very limited SNR that hampers the performance of extractors. In this article, we provide a rigorous theoretical analysis of SNR of power traces, and propose a simple yet efficient SNR-centric extractor, named shortest distance first (SDF), to extract power traces with the smallest estimated noise by taking advantage of known plaintexts. In addition, to maximize the variance of the exploitable component while minimizing the noise, we refer to the SNR estimation model and propose another novel extractor named maximizing estimated SNR first (MESF). Finally, we further propose an advanced extractor called mean-optimized MESF (MMESF) that exploits the mean power consumption of each plaintext byte value to more accurately and reasonably estimate the data-dependent power consumption of the corresponding samples. Experiments on both simulated power traces and measurements from an ATmega328p micro-controller demonstrate the superiority of our new extractors.

Underground Cable Fault Distance Locator and Counter Based Damaged Cable Replacement Indicator System

This paper deals with two objectives, the first objective focuses on finding out the location of fault occurred in any phase in the underground cable system (Clegg in Underground cable fault location. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1993) using the basic principle of Ohm’s Law. The second objective basically focussed on making a programmed counter to count the number of faults, respectively, occurring in each phase during the life span of the underground cable so that damaged cable can be replaced with a new cable of same length and characteristics after reaching the limit of predefined number of faults. For this, the concept of software counting operation (Mellor-Crummey and LeBlanc in A software instruction counter. University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627) is applied on the occurrence of a short circuit fault event in any phase of the underground cable by using counter programming. For this paper, the basic concept of Ohm’s law (Paul and Kakoti in Underground cable fault locator. IARJSET 3(9), 2016) is used according to which, if a low DC voltage is applied at the feeder end through a series of resistor in cable lines, the current would vary depending upon the location of fault in the cable. A software simulation of the system consisting of an ATmega 328P microcontroller (Atmel-8271-8-bit-AVR-Microcontroller-ATmega48A-48PA-88A-88PA-168A-168PA-328-328P_datasheet_Complete, Microchip), fault sensing circuit and a low voltage regulated power supply is performed. Here, the fault sensing circuit is developed using a combination of four resistors and four switches for each phase that is an equivalent model of an underground cable line, is interfaced to an ATmega 328 microcontroller with the help of internally inbuilt ADC for providing the digital data to microcontroller.

Iot Based Smart Energy Meter Monitoring and Billing System.

Paper introduces a system which provides a platform for a consumer to monitor the meter reading via “ThingSpeak” and control the energy consumption, it will also support in keeping the track of energy meter billing. This system helps us to reduce turmoil’s and energy related dissent. The system is implemented using Atmega328P microcontroller and ESP8266 Wi-Fi module. This system do not require the replacement of the energy meter but we associate this system with the installed energy meter that benefit the consumer, the base for designing and implementation of a system is IoT (Internet of Things). The instantaneous data will be fetched from the meter and uploaded on the ‘ThingSpeak’ IoT cloud platform.

Sistem Penjadwalan Bel Sekolah Otomatis Berbasis RTC Menggunakan Mikrokontroler

Today's school bell technology has been transformed into an electricity-based school bell. An electric school bell is a technology that replaces school bells by hitting them to become a button based school bell to ring it. The purpose of this study is to build an automatic school bell scheduling system that is integrated with the ATMega328P microcontroller as a data processor, RTC (Real Time Clock) as a timer, Bluetooth as a liaison to smartphones to change subject schedules, and PAM8403 as a sound amplifier applicator that is connected to DFPlayer and Speaker. The system circuit is built using the microcontroller module ATMega328P, RTC DS3231 (Real Time Clock), Bluetooth HC05, DFPlayer, PAM8403. This research resulted in an automatic school bell scheduling system based on RTC using a microcontroller ATMega328P

FRITZING – ПРОГРАМА ДЛЯ СТВОРЕННЯ НАОЧНИХ ЕЛЕКТРОННИХ СХЕМ

В статті проаналізовано сучасний стан проблеми впровадження STEM-освіти в закладах загальної середньої освіти України, розглянуто перспективи запровадження елементів схемотехніки в межах шкільного курсу інформатики, як одного з елементів STEM-освіти і як одного з компонентів фахової підготовки вчителя інформатики. Здійснено аналіз досліджень та публікацій з проблеми використання електронних пристроїв в навчальному процесі. Авторами статті обґрунтовано вибір відкритого програмного комплексу Arduino, як допоміжного дидактичного засобу вивчення елементів комп’ютерної схемотехніки. Описані найбільш розповсюджені платформи модельного ряду Arduino та наведено приклади застосування зазначених платформ в реальних проектах. Подано основні технічні характеристики електронних елементів, що входять до складу Arduino Uno. Детально розглянуто мікроконтролер Atmega328P, основний обчислювальний центр платформи, та основні складові зазначеного мікроконтролера. Для обґрунтування запропонованої методики розглянуто та описано програму для створення наочних електронних схем Fritzing. Даний програмний продукт надає можливість візуального представлення проекту у різних видах (макет, схема та друкована плата). Будь-яке з цих представлень може використовуватися в якості основного робочого середовища проекту та може бути вибрано в будь-який час. Зазначений програмний продукт має бібліотеку готових проектів, яка значно полегшує процес навчання. Для більшої наочності описано та проілюстровано усі процеси створення прототипу електронної гри «Hunter» в середовищі Fritzing, а також опис процесу створення самої гри. Програмний продукт Fritzing використовується в процесі фахової підготовки майбутній вчителів інформатики, математики та фізики в Житомирському держаному університеті імені Івана Франка. Авторами окреслено подальші напрями досліджень з даної галузі.

Implementation of different randomized PWM schemes using Atmega328p microcontroller for EMI reduction in boost converter

The randomized pulse width modulation techniques are used to reduce electromagnetic interference in power converters by spreading the harmonic energy. Thus, a wider spectrum with lower amplitudes is obtained. Based on the pulse width modulation signal parameters, three main randomized techniques are achieved: the random carrier frequency modulation, the random pulse width modulation and the random pulse position modulation. This paper presents a short review of the different implementation methods. Then, a detailed implementation of the three considered random techniques using Atmega328p microcontroller is detailed. Finally, an analysis of the experimental conducted electromagnetic noise taken from a boost converter is discussed. These results prove that the random carrier frequency modulation approach is completely better than other techniques in terms of electromagnetic noise reduction.

Atmega328P-based X-ray Machine Exposure Time Measurement Device with an Android Interface

The purpose of this study was to design an X-ray microcontroller-based ATmega328P microcontroller exposure time measurement device. That can be done by integrating an X-ray detection circuit, analog signal conditioner, ATmega328P microcontroller and Bluetooth module HC-05 to display and control the measurement results on mobile phones Android. The benefits of this research are expected to be able to increase knowledge and expertise in the field of radiology instruments through X-ray machine parameter measurement techniques and assist technicians to calibrate the X-ray exposure time parameters.

Water flow control system by online based on ATmega328P microcontroller

Water flow control system by online based on ATmega328P microcontroller

SPECIALIZED APPLIED SOFTWARE FRITZING AND ITS USE FOR SIMULATION OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES BASED ON ARDUINO PLATFORM

The article is devoted to the problem of clarifying the possibilities of using specialized applied software for modeling electronic devices based on the Arduino platform during non-formal education of children. The article analyzes the current state of the issue of STEM-education in general secondary education. The authors of the article carried out a thorough analysis of the Arduino open-source software complex. The history of Arduino creation and the most widespread platforms of its model line are described, examples of application of the specified platforms in real-life projects are given. The main technical specs and characteristics of the Arduino Uno electronic elements are presented and analyzed. Atmega328P microcontroller is reviewed, including the main calculative center of the platform and its major hardware components. Specialized applied software for creating visual electronic circuits “Fritzing” is described, its benefits are considered. This software product provides the opportunity to visually present the project (creation of a digital model) in different types (layout, scheme and printed circuit board). Any of the above mentioned emanations of the model can be used as the main work environment of the project and can be selected at any time. For better clarity and usability all the processes of creating a prototype of the electronic game "Hunter" in the specialized applied software “Fritzing” are described and illustrated, including the description of game development process. The results of the research indicated the importance of developing modern approaches to non-formal education of children and the need for systematic review of training programs for computer science (CS) teachers