Athlete Satisfaction Research Articles

The relationship between peer servant leadership, social identity, and team cohesion in intercollegiate athletics

Servant leadership is characterized by a leader’s emphasis on serving their followers first. Within the sport context, servant leadership has been studied primarily in coaches and has been associated with positive athlete outcomes, such as increased athlete satisfaction, motivation, and performance. However, the impact of servant leadership from an athlete perspective (e.g., formal team captains) has been underexplored. As such, the purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships between peer servant leadership, cohesion, and social identity within intercollegiate athletes. Two hundred and eighty-eight Division I and Division III NCAA intercollegiate athletes participated in the present study (female n = 165; male n = 123; Mage = 19.41, SDage = 1.09) and completed the Revised Servant Leadership Profile for Sport (RSLP-S; Hammermeister et al., 2008), Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ; Carron et al., 1985; Eys et al., 2007), and Social Identity Questionnaire for Sport (SIQS; Bruner & Benson, 2018). Structural equation modeling was used to assess the relationships between peer servant leadership, cohesion, and social identity. Results revealed that peer servant leadership positively predicted cohesion, and this relationship was fully mediated by social identity. The current study supports the effectiveness of peer servant leadership in sport contexts and provides theoretical support for the social identity approach to leadership.

The Effect of Restorative Elasticity on Stress and Life Satisfaction of Adolescent Taekwondo Athletes

The Effect of Restorative Elasticity on Stress and Life Satisfaction of Adolescent Taekwondo Athletes

Sports Academy as an Avenue for Psychosocial Development and Satisfaction of Youth Athletes in Ethiopia

This study aimed to explore a social-contextual view of talent development in sports by which the demographic and contextual factors of engagement, psychosocial development, and satisfaction, and the extent of their relationships, may be investigated concurrently. The sample (n = 257, nfemale = 122, and nmale = 135) consists of youth athletes (mean age = 17.87 and standard deviation = 1.10), and cross-sectional survey data from two randomly selected sports academies in Ethiopia. Analyses involve group comparisons to identify differences and multiple regressions to examine predictions. Group comparison results show that enrollment in a sports academy accounted for a significant difference in youth athletes’ measured engagement. Moreover, results of regression analyses indicate that higher psychosocial development and more satisfaction of youth athletes were associated with higher engagement and some demographic and contextual factors. Results also show that higher engagement of youth athletes was associated with some demographic and contextual factors. The group comparison results support the self-determination theory, providing evidence regarding the importance of social-contextual conditions in determining the engagement of youth athletes. The results of multiple regression analyses validate engagement theory and substantiate the results of previous studies on talent development. Specifically, it may be inferred that youth athletes’ engagement is not only one of the results of participation in sports but also one of the processes contributing to higher levels of reported psychosocial development and satisfaction. The implications of these results for theory and practice are discussed.

올림픽 운영에 대한 선수 만족도가 개최도시 관광이미지와 시각적 이미지에 미치는 영향

올림픽 운영에 대한 선수 만족도가 개최도시 관광이미지와 시각적 이미지에 미치는 영향

Motivation Psychological Characteristics of Canoe-Kayak Sprint Elite Youth Athletes

Abstract The objective of the current study was the investigation of anxiety and satisfaction levels among Elite Greek Youth athletes of Canoe-Kayak Sprint. Additionally, whether elements such as gender, age, athletic experience, and weekly practice-time, differentiated the sample. 122 athletes, (61 males and 61 females) between the ages of 15-17 yrs. old, who competed in the Hellenic Federation’s Canoe-Kayak Sprint National Championships. Study participants were invited to complete two questionnaires: a) the Greek version of “CSAI-2” (Stavrou, Zervas, Kakkos, & Psichoundaki, 1998), and b) the Greek version of the “Athlete Satisfaction” scale (Bebetsos & Theodorakis, 2003). Results of the conducted study revealed that the sample differentiated: a) on somatic, and cognitive anxiety, according to their athletic experience, and b) on somatic, and cognitive anxiety, self-confidence, leadership, and personal outcome, according to their weekly practice-time. Finally, no sex differences were found in any questionnaire variable. In conclusion, the survey results highlighted the importance of the psychological factors tested on Canoe-Kayak Sprint athletes’ performance. Knowing and understanding athletes’ psychological state, can help them out (the athletes) in identifying aspects such as stress and satisfaction that directly affect their racing performance.

Opažena motivaciona klima kreirana od strane trenera i fizička samoefikasnost kao prediktori sportskog zadovoljstva kod mladih srpskih sportistkinja

Starting from the Achievement Goal Theory, but also Bandura's theory of self-efficacy and Triadic Reciprocal Causation, this paper considered perceived motivational climate created by the coach and percieved physical self-efficacy as key predictors of young female athletes` satisfaction. The sample consisted from 117 young female athletes aged between 11 to 17 (M=13.62) from Serbia; who train volleyball (N=51), basketball (N=48) and handball (N=18) in different clubs. During 2017, respondents filled out questionnaires Athlete Satisfaction Questionnaire - ASQ (Riemer, & Chelladurai, 1998) - subscale of satisfaction with personal performance and subscale of satisfaction with the level of athlete's skills utilization; Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2 - PMCSQ-2 (Newton, Duda & Yin, 2000) - shortened version with three subscales: Task-oriented motivational climate, Unequal recognition and Punishment for mistakes; The Physical Self-Efficacy Scale (Ryckman et al., 1982) - subscale Perceived Physical Ability. Results of regression analysis show that Perceived motivational climate created by coach and Perceived Physical Ability represent significant predictors (F(4,107)= 31.78, p=.00) that explain 55% variance of female athletes satisfaction. Task-oriented motivational climate and Perceived physical ability stood out as significant individual predictors. Coach as well as physical self-perception of young female athletes are related with athlete's satisfaction. Satisfied athletes have greater results in sports, as well as the intention to continue doing sports. Significance of these results lies in the better understanding female athlete's satisfaction in Serbia, and contributes to creating prevention programs in order to help girls stay in sports.

Associação entre as necessidades psicológicas básicas de autodeterminação e a percepção de coesão de grupo em atletas de futsal de alto rendimento

This study aims to investigate the association between satisfaction of basic psychological needs of the self-determination theory, and perception of group cohesion among male futsal athletes. In total, 301 athletes from 20 teams, participants of the Brazilian Futsal League participated in this study. The instruments used were the Basic Needs Satisfaction in Sport Scale (BNSSS) and the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ). Data analysis was conducted through the Structural Equation Modeling. Results revealed that the satisfaction of basic psychological needs presented significant association with group cohesion, explaining 28% of Task Cohesion and 63% of Social Cohesion variances. The satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs is associated with Task Cohesion, while only the satisfaction of basic psychological needs of Relatedness and Competence was associated with Social Cohesion. It was concluded that, in the context of high-performance futsal, the satisfaction of athletes with their basic psychological needs is associated with involvement with team goals and the likelihood of making friends within the group.

The Leadership Behavior and Creativity of Sports Coaches with Athletes Satisfactions among Futsal Team in Malaysia Public Universities

This research emphasizes the relationships between leadership behavior and creativity among sports coaches with futsal athletes’ satisfaction. The study uses the Leadership Scale for Sport (LSS) include training and instruction, democratic behavior, autocratic behavior, social support, and positive feedback. The satisfaction considered as the dependent variable in this study and use the Athletes Satisfaction Questionnaire (ASQ) as the measurement. This study uses quantitative methods with 5-Likert scale measurement. The LSS consists of 40 items as measurement and for creativity, there are about 10 items used. Meanwhile, from the ASQ, there are about 20 items considered as measurement. The subjects of this study are 50 futsal players from public universities in Malaysia. The use of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25.0 will be carried out in acquisition of the results through reliability test, descriptive analysis, and correlation. The results prove, if the p-value for the items of LSS and creativity is more than 0.01, it will strengthen the significantly positive relationships towards satisfaction. This study found that there is a relationship between Leadership Behavior and Creativity with Futsal Athletes’ Satisfaction.

An Uneven Playing Field: Athlete Injury, Illness, Load, and Daily Training Environment in the Year Before the FINA (Aquatics) World Championships, 2017.

To assess athlete's training environment and health problems before the FINA World Championships (WC) (2017) and to analyze the differences between the 6 disciplines, gender, and countries with different medal rankings during the championships. Retrospective anonymous questionnaire. FINA WC 2017. Registered aquatic athletes (swimmers, divers, high divers, water polo players, artistic swimmers, open water swimmers). The outcome measures included the following: training and competition load, availability of support staff, performance of injury prevention exercises, and prevalence of health problems. The independent variables included gender, aquatic discipline, and country group based on medal ranking. In the 12 months preceding the Championships, 67% of the athletes reported physical complaints and 41% trained or competed with a diagnosed injury. Only half of the athletes reported that injury prevention exercises were always (29.9%) or often (23.4%) a regular part of their daily training. In the daily training environment, support staff (excluding coach) was not available or available only if the athlete pays in 28.4% (specialized trainer) to 58.9% (sport scientist) of cases. About one-quarter of the athletes rated the support offered by their National Team program as poor or very poor. There were discrepancies in training loads and support staff among the 6 aquatic disciplines. Availability of support staff, athlete's satisfaction with their training environment/support, and regular use of injury prevention exercises were higher in countries that ranked higher in the medal list. Injury prevention strategies should be promoted in aquatic sports, with prospective surveillance for the early identification of physical complaints. The facilitation of access to sport-specific experts could improve athlete's health and performance, especially in countries with low medal ranking.

Basic Psychological Needs and Sports Satisfaction Among Brazilian Athletes and Coaches: The Mediating Role of the Dyadic Relationship.

Even though sport satisfaction has proved an important element for youngsters to keep practicing sports, little is known on the sport satisfaction of coaches. Moreover, the coach-athlete relationship is acknowledged as a key element for sport success, but whether its importance is the same for coaches and athletes is yet to be investigated. Our study analyzed the mediating role of the coach-athlete relationship in associating the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and sport satisfaction of Brazilian coaches and athletes. 364 coaches and athletes participated in the study representing 182 dyads from different sports according to the following instruments: Basic Needs Satisfaction Sport Scale (BNSSS), Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire, athlete and coach versions (CART-Q), and the Athletic Satisfaction Questionnaire (ASQ). Data analysis followed a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with a significance level of p < 0.05, generating results in which the mediating model for coaches was not adequately fit, while the direct model, without mediation, was adequately fit and explained 48% of sport satisfaction variance. For athletes, the mediating model has shown adequate fit and explained 81% of the sport satisfaction variance, leading us to conclude that the quality of the coach-athlete relationship can be considered a determining factor for the satisfaction of young Brazilian athletes’ basic psychological needs as well as sport satisfaction, but proved not as relevant to their coaches.

승마 지도자의 지도행동 유형이 성취목표성향 및 선수 만족에 미치는 영향

승마 지도자의 지도행동 유형이 성취목표성향 및 선수 만족에 미치는 영향

The Relationship between Athlete Satisfactions with Coach Management Training Programme, Transformational Leadership and Sports Innovations

Athlete satisfaction is a sense of satisfaction derived from the leadership, experience and behavior of the coach. This study will expose the athlete’s satisfaction in sports and give advantages of the sports industry generally in Malaysia and particularly at Universiti Utara Malaysia. This study will be helpful in completing research related to sports topics as the results of this study will be able to see the relationship between Coach Management Training Programme, Transformational Leadership and Sports Innovation with Athletes Satisfaction. The subjects of the study were 42 athletes of Universiti Utara Malaysia. This study uses quantitative methods conducted through questionnaires. The use of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25.0 has been carried out to determine the results of descriptive analysis, reliability and correlation. The results show, athlete’s satisfaction has a positive relationship with the Coach Management Training Programme, Transformational Leadership and Sports Innovations.

Communication Strategies: The Fuel for Quality Coach-Athlete Relationships and Athlete Satisfaction.

The present two-study paper examined the role of communication strategies that athletes use to develop their coach-athlete relationship. Study 1 examined the mediating role of motivation, support, and conflict management strategies between the quality of the coach-athlete relationship and athletes’ perceptions of sport satisfaction. Study 2 examined the longitudinal and mediational associations of communication strategies and relationship quality across two time points, over a 6-week period. Within both studies, data were collected through multi-section questionnaires assessing the studies’ variables. For study 1, structural equation modeling highlighted significant indirect effects for motivation and support strategies between the quality of the coach-athlete relationship and athletes’ experiences of sport satisfaction. For study 2, significant indirect effects were found for the athletes’ perceptions of the quality of the coach-athlete relationship at time 2 between athletes’ use of communication strategies at time point 1 and time point 2. Together these findings provide support for the practical utility of communications strategies in enhancing the quality of the coach-athlete relationship and athlete’s experiences of sport satisfaction. In addition, the findings provide evidence to highlight the potential cyclical relationship between communication and relationship quality across time.

대학 스포츠팀 학생 운동선수의 조직기반자존감이 인지된 경기력에 미치는 영향: 정서적 몰입과 운동선수 만족을 중심으로

그동안 스포츠 상황에서 선수의 경기력을 결정하는 요인으로 신체적, 기술적 요인 외에도 심리적인 요인의 중요성이 부각되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 대학 운동선수 관점에서 선수들의 조직기반자존감이 개인의 성과, 즉 인지된 경기력에 미치는 영향에 관하여 살펴보았다. 특히 그 과정의 중심에, 조직기반자존감이 영향을 미치는 주요 결과변수로 연구되어 온 몰입과 만족을 중심으로 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 실증적으로 검증하기 위하여 한국의 수도권에 위치한 한 대학교 내에 존재하는 각 종목별 스포츠팀과 그에 소속된 학생 운동선수들을 대상으로 327개의 사용 가능한 데이터를 회수하였다. 구조모형 분석 결과 모든 가설이 채택되었다. 본 연구는 스포츠팀에 속한 운동선수의 관점에서 조직기반자존감의 역할을 재조명하였다는 것, 그리고 그 과정의 중심에 몰입과 만족을 살펴봄으로써 조직기반자존감이 성과로 이어지는 메커니즘을 제시하였다는 점에서 의미가 있다. 이와 더불어, 스포츠팀에 소속된 운동선수의 성과를 향상시키기 위한 방안뿐만 아니라 조직 차원의 선수관리 측면에서도 중요한 실무적 시사점을 제공해 줄 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.

학교스포츠클럽 참여 중학생들의 자기효능감과 운동만족의 관계에서 운동정서의 매개효과

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to empirically identify the meadtiing effects of exercise emotion between self-efficacy and exercise satisfaction of middle school aged school sports club activity participants.BR Method: To this end, samples of middle school students who were engaegd in after school physical activities in Seoul, Gyeonggi Province, and Incheon Metropolitan City, were collected. The sample size used in convenience sampling was 267. Statistical methods using SPSS Win eVrsion 22.0 program and AMOS 20 program were frequency analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, reliability verification, descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, structural equation analyssi, and bootstrapping verification in order to verify statistical significance of the mediating effects.BR Results: The results were as follows. First, self-efficacy of middle school students who participated in school sports club activities had a positive influence on exercise emotion. Second, self-efficacy of middle school students who participated in school sports club activities hada positive impact on exercise satisfaction. Third, exercise emotion of middle school students who participated in school sports club activities had a positive influence on exercise satisfaction. Fourth, there were partial mediating effects of exercise emotion between selfefficacy and exercise satisfaction of middle school students who participated in school sports club activities.BR Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it has been confirmed that athleticism played an important role between self-efficacy and athletic satisfaction of middle school students at school sports clubs.

Association between basic psychological needs of the self-determination theory and perception of group cohesion among high-performance futsal athletes

Abstract This study aims to investigate the association between satisfaction of basic psychological needs of the self-determination theory, and perception of group cohesion among male futsal athletes. In total, 301 athletes from 20 teams, participants of the Brazilian Futsal League participated in this study. The instruments used were the Basic Needs Satisfaction in Sport Scale (BNSSS) and the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ). Data analysis was conducted through the Structural Equation Modeling. Results revealed that the satisfaction of basic psychological needs presented significant association with group cohesion, explaining 28% of Task Cohesion and 63% of Social Cohesion variances. The satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs is associated with Task Cohesion, while only the satisfaction of basic psychological needs of Relatedness and Competence was associated with Social Cohesion. It was concluded that, in the context of high-performance futsal, the satisfaction of athletes with their basic psychological needs is associated with involvement with team goals and the likelihood of making friends within the group.

Healthcare Satisfaction of Sexual Minority Athletes in the Athletic Training Setting

Healthcare Satisfaction of Sexual Minority Athletes in the Athletic Training Setting

The Effect of Leisure Benefits on Leisure Satisfaction: Extreme Sports

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of leisure benefit on leisure satisfaction in extreme sports athletes. In order to determine the leisure satisfaction level of participants, Leisure Satisfaction Scale developed by Beard and Ragheb (1980) and adapted to Turkish by Gökçe and Orhan (2011) was used. Leisure benefit scale developed by Ho (2008) and adapted into Turkish by Akgül, Ertüzün, and Karaküçük (2018) was used to measure the perceived benefit from recreational activities. The conventional sampling method was used for sample selection, and a face-to-face survey method was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation Analysis, and Regression Analysis were used in the analysis of obtained data. A total of 202 people (105 male and 97 female) participated in the study voluntarily. According to the results of the present study, it was determined that there was a positive significant relationship between Leisure benefit and Leisure satisfaction. In addition, it was determined that Leisure satisfaction was predicted by the sub-dimensions of Leisure benefit approximately 84%. This result showed that providing leisure benefits in extreme sports had a significant effect on Leisure satisfaction of extreme athletes.

Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Coach–Athlete Relationship Questionnaire for coaches

The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Coach–Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q) for coaches. Subjects were 173 coaches (20–65 years old) from both sexes, from individual and team sports, ranging from amateur to national level; the instruments were the Coach version of CART-Q translated and adapted to Portuguese and the Athletic Satisfaction Scale adapted for coaches. Data analysis consisted of confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability), concurrent validity (Spearman correlation), and temporal stability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a model with 11 items presenting adequate fit (χ2/df = 2.68; comparative fit index = 0.92; goodness-of-fit index = 0.91; Tucker–Lewis index = 0.90; root mean square error of approximation = 0.10) and the existence of a second-order factor (coach–athlete relationship). The scale has shown satisfactory internal consistency (composite reliability &gt; 0.70 and α &gt; 0.70). Concurrent validity assessment presented significant relationships (r &gt; 0.40) with all coach satisfaction variables and temporal stability after 15 days was also adequate (0.65 &lt; ICC &lt; 0.88). It was concluded that the Brazilian version of the CART-Q Coach is adequate to assess coaches' perception regarding the relationship with their athletes.

The Influence of Taekwondo Instructor’ Leadership on Fellowship, Athlete Satisfaction and Continued Exercise of Taekwondo in Middle School

The Influence of Taekwondo Instructor’ Leadership on Fellowship, Athlete Satisfaction and Continued Exercise of Taekwondo in Middle School