ATCC 6538P Research Articles

Allobetulin N-acetylglucosaminide. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity

Allobetulin N-acetylglucosaminide has been synthesized and shown to exhibit selective bacteriostatic activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 209p with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 15.5 μg/mL.

Phosphonium salts with a dihydroxynaphthyl substituent: versatile synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial activity

(1,4-Dihydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)phosphonium salts were obtained by reaction of P–H phosphonium salts with substituted 1,4-naphthoquinones. Some representatives of this series possess high activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 209p, Bacillus cereus ATCC 8035).

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from Black Pepper, Cumin, Coriander and Cardamom Against Some Pathogenic Microorganisms

Abstract Four popular spices black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) were analyzed for their oil composition by GC-MS. Thirty compounds were identified in the black pepper oil and the main components were β-caryophyllene (20.225 %), sabinene (18.054 %), limonene (16.924 %), α-pinene (9.171 %) and α-phellandrene (5.968 %). Twenty five compounds were identified in the cumin oil – cuminaldehyde (30.834 %), 3-caren-10-al (17.223 %), β-pinene (14.837 %), γ–terpinene (11.928 %), 2-caren-10-al (8.228 %) and pcymene (6.429 %). Twenty nine compounds were identified in the coriander oil – β-linalool (58.141 %), α-pinene (8.731 %), γ-terpinene (6.347 %) and p-cymene (5.227 %). Twenty nine compounds were identified in the cardamom oil – α-terpinyl acetate (39.032 %), eucalyptol (31.534 %), β-linalool (4.829 %), sabinene (4.308 %) and α-terpineol (4.127 %). The antimicrobial activity of essential oils against pathogenic (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Salmonella sp. (clinical isolate), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Proteus vulgaris G) microorganisms by disc-diffusion method was examined. Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to the oils (inhibition zones being between 8 and 12.5 mm) and the minimum inhibitory concentration was more than 600 ppm; Gram-negative bacteria were less sensitive. The obtained essential oils are suitable for use as biopreservative agents.

Hydroxycinnamic acid amide profile of Solanum schimperianum Hochst by UPLC-HRMS

A newly discovered Nε-feruloyl lysine (1) together with 16 known hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs) were identified in the roots of Sudanese plant Solanum schimperianum Hochst (syn. Solanum carense Dunal, Solanaceae). The structure of 1 was established on the basis of 1D (1H, 13C NMR) and 2D (1H-1H COSY, 1H-13C HSQC) NMR analysis, together with UV⿿vis, HR-ESI⿿MS and ESI⿿MS2 fragmentation analyses. HCAAs were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to an Orbitrap mass spectrometer (ThermoScientific) using parallel-reaction monitoring (PRM) mode. For the first time, eight HCAAs including agmatine and cadaverine amides, as well as Nε-feruloyl lysine and sinapoyl putrescine, were reported in genus Solanum.Nε-feruloyl lysine and the hydromethanolic extract of S. schimperianum roots were evaluated for their antioxidant activity using free radical DPPH and ABTS scavenging, and ferric reducing power (FRAP) methods. The antimicrobial activity was estimated on a panel of pathogenic bacteria and fungi by the broth microdilution method (BMD). Nε-feruloyl lysine demonstrated stronger DPPH (IC50 85.83μg/ml), ABTS (IC50 255.54μg/ml) and FRAP (0.44±0.02mMTE/mgdw) activity compared to the root extract. Nε-feruloyl lysine exhibited significantly higher antimicrobial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus strains NBIMCC 3359 (MIC/MBC 112.5μg/ml) and penicillin resistant ATCC 6538P (MIC 112.5μg/ml) than the total S. schimperianum extract (MIC 1.25 and 2.5mg/ml, respectively). The extract showed antimicrobial activity towards Streptococcus pyogenes, Listeria monocytogenes and Candida albicans (MIC 1.25mg/ml). Nε-feruloyl lysine had function for the observed protection against oxidative stress and antimicrobial activity.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using <i>Arbutus andrachne</i> leaf extract and its antimicrobial activity

Purpose: To synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of Arbutus andrachne leaf water extract (LE) and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of both LE and AgNPs.Methods: The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using the following techniques: ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and analysis of particle size (PS) and zeta potential (ZP). The antimicrobial activities of LE and NPs were assessed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion (DD) and broth microdilution (MD) methods according to the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). LE and AgNPs were examined against fresh cultures of four Gram-positive and five Gram-negative bacteria, and three yeast strains.Results: AgNPs were successfully synthesized and characterized using Arbutus andrachne LE. The AgNPs showed moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538p, S.epidermidis ATCC 12228, Escherichia coli ATCC 29998, Klebsiella pnemoniae ATCC 13883 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and also antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10239 and C. krusei ATCC 6258.Conclusions: Due to the potent activity of AgNPs against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and yeast strains, it is suggested that AgNPs are potential broad spectrum antimicrobial agents.Keywords: Arbutus andrachne, Silver nanoparticles, Antimicrobial activity

The influence of polyhexamethylene guanidine derivatives introduced into polyhydroxybutyrate on biofilm formation and the activity of bacterial enzymes

Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were able to produce biofilm on the surface of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), but their abundance depended on type and the concentrations of the polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) derivatives introduced in PHB. Different types of PHMG derivatives inhibited S. aureus ATCC 6538P biofilm formation, but PHB with PHMG salt of sulfanilic acid stimulated E. coli ATCC 8739 biofilm formation. The presence of all PHMG derivatives decreased significantly the number of viable cells of the test bacteria directly proportional to the concentration of the biocidal agent. PHMG derivatives affected the activity of microbiological hydrolases with different degrees. Some of them (PHB with PHMG stearate) stimulated activity of E. coli ATCC 8739 hydrolases, other (PHB with the PHMG salt of sulfanilic acid) inhibited activity of the S. aureus ATCC 6538P hydrolases. The PHMG derivatives introduced in PHB also inhibited the activity of bacterial dehydrogenases.

1,2:5,6-Di-O-Cyclohexylidene-d-Mannitol and Its Bis(Trimethylsilyl) Ether in the Dithiophosphorylation Reactions

The reaction of 2,4-diaryl 1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane-2,4-disulfide with diketonide of d-mannitol has been found to give optically active bisaryldithiophosphonic acids transformed into the corresponding diammonium salts by the treatment of n-hexadecylamine. O,O-Bis(trimethylsilyl) ether of d-mannitol ketonide reacts with 2,4-diaryl 1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane-2,4-disulfide to form chiral S,S-disilylbisaryldithiophosphonate. Diammonium bisaryldithiophosphonate possesses antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538-P.

Water-in-oil microemulsions exhibit antimicrobial activity

Objectives: Previous research from this group has identified significant antimicrobial activity associated with oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsions. This activity has been exhibited against both bacteria and fungi (including yeasts) and bacterial biofilms and is dependent upon the position of the microemulsion within its stability zone. This novel work aims to identify antimicrobial activity of water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsions. Materials & Methods: A simple, thermodynamically stable water-in-oil microemulsion was tested for its time-related antimicrobial activity against a selected panel of test microorganisms (i.e.: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P) and its effectiveness as a self-preserving system against a similar panel (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404). Results: The microemulsion exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against all the selected microorganisms. Decreases in the viability of cultures (P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, E. coli and S. aureus) were observed over a short period of time after exposure to a known concentration of the first microemulsion. The results for the four samplings in the preservative effectiveness test according to the European Pharmacopeia requires a significant reduction in bacterial count, and this requirement was achieved in all samplings. Conclusions: Thermodynamically stable water-in-oil microemulsions are antimicrobially active, self-preserving systems, as are their oil-in-water counterparts.

A fully validated microbiological assay for daptomycin injection and comparison to HPLC method

abstract Daptomycin (DPT) was the first lipopeptide antibiotic available for commercialization. It is active against gram-positive bacteria, including resistant strains. This work aimed to develop and validate a turbidimetric microbiologic assay to determine daptomycin in an injectable form. A 3x3 design was employed, at concentrations of 1, 2 and 4.0 µg/mL. The microorganism test used was Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538p, and Antibiotic Medium 3 was used as the culture medium. Method validation demonstrated that the bioassay was linear (r=0.9995), precise (RSD=2.58%), accurate (recovery 100.48± 2.11%), and robust. Degradation kinetics was also performed in an alkaline medium, indicating that daptomycin degradation follows first order kinetics under these conditions. The analyses of degraded solutions showed that daptomycin degradation products do not possess bactericidal activity. The bioassay was compared to HPLC method that was previously developed and no significant difference was found between them (p>0.05). The method proved to be appropriate for daptomycin injection quality control.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using cranberry powder aqueous extract: characterization and antimicrobial properties.

BackgroundThe growing threat of microbial resistance against traditional antibiotics has prompted the development of several antimicrobial nanoparticles (NPs), including silver NPs (AgNPs). In this article, a simple and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of AgNPs using the cranberry powder aqueous extract is reported.Materials and methodsCranberry powder aqueous extracts (0.2%, 0.5%, and 0.8% w/v) were allowed to interact for 24 hours with a silver nitrate solution (10 mM) at 30°C at a ratio of 1:10. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and their concentrations were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The prepared NPs were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, measurement of ζ-potential, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The in vitro antimicrobial properties of AgNPs were then investigated against several microbial strains. Finally, in vivo appraisal of both wound-healing and antimicrobial properties of either plain AgNPs (prepared using 0.2% extract) or AgNP-Pluronic F-127 gel was conducted in a rat model after induction of a Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P wound infection.ResultsThe formation of AgNPs was confirmed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, where a surface-plasmon resonance absorption peak was observed between 432 and 438 nm. Both size and concentration of the formed AgNPs increased with increasing concentration of the extracts. The developed NPs were stable, almost spherical, and polydisperse, with a size range of 1.4–8.6 nm. The negative ζ-potential values, as well as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, indicated the presence of a capping agent adsorbed onto the surface of the particles. In vitro antimicrobial evaluation revealed a size-dependent activity of the AgNPs against the tested organisms. Finally, AgNPs prepared using 0.2% extract exhibited a substantial in vivo healing potential for full-thickness excision wounds in rats.ConclusionAgNPs were successfully synthesized from a silver nitrate solution through a simple green route, using cranberry powder aqueous extract as a reducing as well as capping agent.

Complete Genome Sequence of the Drug-Naive Classical Staphylococcus aureus Strain FDA209P.

We report the complete genome sequence of the methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) strain FDA209P (ATCC 6538P and NCTC 7447).

Antibacterial Potential of Silver Nanoparticles Capped with Poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) Polymer

Antibacterial potential of metallic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is considered to be influenced by their size and stability. In this study, the stable AgNPs capped with poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) or PSSMA were successfully synthesized by using a chemical reduction method. The PSSMA-stabilized AgNPs (PSSMA-AgNPs) were characterized and tested for antibacterial activity against eight bacterial strains. Transmission electron microscopic studies showed that PSSMA-AgNPs were monodisperse spherical particles with an average size of 5.21 nm. From bacterial growth curve studies, PSSMA-AgNPs exhibited an antibacterial effect on Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538p, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853). Moreover, the Gram-negative bacteria were found to be more susceptible to the AgNPs.

Histological and Histomorphometric Evaluation of Pharmacological Action of the Essential Oil of Melaleuca Alternifolia on Healing of Infected Alveolitis in Experimental Animals

Tea tree oil (TTO) is the essential oil obtained from the Australian native plant Melaleuca alternifolia. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the possible healing effect of TTO against infectious Alveolitis induced by Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538P) in extracted socket of mongrel dogs. Infection in each alveolus have been induced and treated as the follows: the positive control group, the group treated with tea tree gel, the group treated with tea tree gel + vancomycin hydrochloride, and the group treated with tea tree oil. Histological examinations of the present work revealed that tea tree gel succeeded to promote healing of the extracted sockets and prevented dental alveolitis either alone or in combination with vancomycin. However, the healing effect and antimicrobial activity was pronounced in the animals treated with tea tree gel only followed by combination with vancomycin and finally group treated with tea tree oil.

TLR2 activation in corneal stromal cells by Staphylococcus aureus-induced keratitis.

The Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) plays an active and important role in Staphylococcus aureus-induced chronic ocular inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and function of TLR2 of corneal stromal cells in ex vivo rabbit model of S. aureus keratitis. Corneal buttons with sclera rims placed in an ex vivo air-interface organ culture were assigned to two groups: corneas with epithelial and stromal abrasions. Each group was then divided into two sub-groups exposed to UV-killed S. aureus ATCC 6538P and S. aureus ATCC 29213, respectively. TLR2 and IL-8 mRNA expressions were analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. TLR2 localization was visualized by immunofluorescence analysis. The results demonstrated that TLR2 and IL-8 mRNA were significantly expressed in the stromal cells of the groups exposed to S. aureus strains. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that, after corneal injury, keratocytes differentiated into myofibroblasts became able to express TLR2 only when exposed to S. aureus. Identification of mechanisms regulation of corneal TLRs may lead to development of therapeutic interventions aimed at controlling corneal inflammation. This ex vivo model can be used to clarify the molecular events of bacterial-corneal tissue interactions and their inflammatory consequences.

A novel wound rinsing solution based on nano colloidal silver

Objective(s): The present study aimed to investigate the antiseptic properties of a colloidal nano silver wound rinsing solution to inhibit a wide range of pathogens including bacteria, viruses and fungus present in chronic and acute wounds. Materials and Methods: The wound rinsing solution named SilvoSept ® was prepared using colloidal nano silver suspension. Physicochemical properties, effectiveness against microorganism including Staphylocoocous aureus ATCC 6538P, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 ,Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404, MRSA , Mycobacterium spp. , HSV-1 and H1N1, and biocompatibility tests were carried out according to relevant standards . Results: X-ray diffraction (XRD) scan was performed on the sample and verify single phase of silver particles in the compound. The size of the silver particles in the solution, measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniqu, ranged 80-90 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed spherical shape with smooth surface of the silver nanoparticles. SilvoSept ® reduced 5 log from the initial count of 10 7 CFU/mL of Staphylocoocous aureus ATCC 6538P, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404, MRSA, Mycobacterium spp. Further assessments of SilvoSept solution exhibited a significant inhibition on the replication of HSV-1 and H1N1. The biocompatibility studies showed that the solution was nonallergic, non-irritant and noncytotoxic. Conclusion: Findings of the present study showed that SilvoSept ® wound rinsing solution containing nano silver particles is an effective antiseptic solution against a wide spectrum of microorganism. This compound can be a suitable candidate for wound irrigation.

Evaluation of probiotic properties of Pediococcus acidilactici B14 in association with Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 for application in a soy based aerated symbiotic dessert

The aim of this study was to evaluate the probiotic properties of Pediococcus acidilactici B14 and to study its resistance in the gastrointestinal system when combined with Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 and used in a potentially symbiotic aerated soy based dessert. P. acidilactici B14 showed some important probiotic characteristics such as survival rate of 45.9% at pH 2.5; 72.4% in 0.3% bile salts and 95.8% after gastrointestinal transit at pH 4.0. Tolerance against the antibiotics cephalexin, neomycin, vancomycin, cefotaxime and penicillin G was also observed. The strain inhibited antagonism against the following cultures: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Bacillus cereus ATCC 33018, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P and Salmonella sp. The mixed culture of P. acidilactici B14 with L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 showed a survival rate of 92.4% after the passage through the gastrointestinal system at pH 4.0. Furthermore, in the presence of the food matrix, an average increase in cell viability, after being subjected to the gastrointestinal system of 9.9% at pH 2.0 and 6.1% at pH 4.0, was observed. This characterized the adequacy of the associated culture as probiotic in the development of a functional food such as soy based aerated symbiotic dessert.

Antimicrobial effect of Dinoponera quadriceps (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) venom against Staphylococcus aureus strains.

Dinoponera quadriceps venom (DqV) was examined to evaluate the antibacterial activity and its bactericidal action mechanism against Staphylococcus aureus. DqV was tested against a standard strain of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), Staph.aureus ATCC 6538P and two standard strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staph.aureus ATCC 33591 and Staph.aureus CCBH 5330. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), the rate of kill and pH sensitivity of the DqV were determined by microdilution tests. Bactericidal and inhibitory concentrations of DqV were tested to check its action on Staph.aureus membrane permeability and cell morphology. The MIC and MBC of DqV were 6·25 and 12·5μgml(-1) for Staph.aureus ATCC 6538P, 12·5 and 50μgml(-1) for Staph.aureus CCBH 5330 and 100 and 100μgml(-1) for Staph.aureus ATCC 33591, respectively. Complete bacterial growth inhibition was observed after 4h of incubation with the MBC of DqV. A lowest MIC was observed in alkaline pH. Alteration in membrane permeability was observed through the increase in crystal violet uptake, genetic material release and morphology in atomic force microscopy. The results suggest antibacterial activity of DqV against Staph.aureus and that the venom acts in the cell membrane. Alteration in membrane permeability may be associated with the antimicrobial activity of hymenopteran venoms.

Antibacterial performance of ZnO-based fillers with mesoscale structured morphology in model medical PVC composites

Three different ZnO-based antibacterial fillers having different morphologies in microscale region were prepared by the use of the microwave assisted synthesis protocol created in our laboratory with additional annealing in one case. Further, PVC composites containing 0.5–5wt.% of ZnO based antibacterial fillers were prepared by melt mixing and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Mechanical testing showed no adverse effect on the working of polymer composites due to either of the fillers used or the applied processing conditions in comparison with the neat medical grade PVC. The surface antibacterial activity of the compounded PVC composites was assessed against Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P according to ISO 22196: 2007 (E). All materials at almost all filler loading levels were efficient against both species of bacteria. The material with the most expanding morphology assuring the largest contact between filler and matrix achieved an excellent level of more than 99.9999% reduction of viable cells of E. coli in comparison to untreated PVC and performed very well against S. aureus, too. A correlation between the morphology and efficacy of the filler was observed and, as a result, a general rule was formulated which links the proneness of the microparticles to perform well against bacteria to their shape and morphology.

Medicina Tradicional en el Perú: Actividad Antimicrobiana in vitro de los Aceites Esenciales Extraídos de Algunas Plantas Aromáticas

El objetivo fue la investigación cualitativa de la actividad antimicrobiana de los aceites esenciales de cinco plantas empleadas en Medicina Tradicional en el Perú: Eucalyptus globulus, Labill "eucalipto"; Cymbopogon citratus, (D.C.) Staff "hierba luisa"; Tagetes pusilla Lag. "Anís serrano"; Senecio tephrosioides, Turcz "huamanrripa" y Lepechinia meyenii, (Walp) Epling "salvia". Los aceites esenciales obtenidos por destilación por arrastre de vapor, se enfrentaron a Salmonella typhi ATCC 6539, S. typhimurium ATCC 14028, S. enteritidis INS, Vibrio cholerae ATCC E-7946 OGAWA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa GT 28, Shigella flexneri INS, Staphylococcus aureus INS, S. aureus ATCC 6538P y Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Se empleó discos de antibióticos como controles. Los aceites esenciales mostraron efecto variado sobre Gram positivos y Gram negativos; ninguno inhibió a Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure determination and biological screening of novel N-1 and C5 alkyl substituted scaffolds of pyrimidine

The novel N-1 and C5 alkyl substituted derivatives of pyrimidine were synthesized by using tetrabutyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) as phase transfer catalyst at 20–25 °C with excellent productivity (85–95%). The new compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities by screening them against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strain: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Salmonella abony NCTC 6017: Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228. Among all compounds evaluated the molecule 2c and (2g–j) exhibit the most pronounced antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus and S. abony with MICs value 25 μg/mL.