Asymptomatic Proteinuria Research Articles

Simplified Algorithm for Evaluation of Proteinuria in Clinical Practice: How should A Clinician Approach?

Background:Proteinuria is a common laboratory finding among children and adolescents. It can be identified as either a transient or a persistent finding and can represent a benign condition or a serious disease.Methods:Pertinent medical literature for asymptomatic proteinuria in children and adolescents published in English was searched between January 1980 and May 2017 using PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar research databases. Of the 64 reviewed articles, 24 studies were eligible for inclusion.Results:Random spot urine protein-to-creatinine (PCR) ratio is widely used to reliably detect proteinuria. The normal value for the spot PCR in children aged 2 years or older is less than 0.3. In children aged below 2 years, the PCR can be as high as 0.5. Orthostatic proteinuria is defined as urine PCR greater than 0.3 detected in a urine specimen during the daytime activity but less than 0.3 on the first morning void specimen. PCR above 3.0 signifies heavy proteinuria as seen in nephrotic syndrome. Orthostatic proteinuria is a frequent cause of proteinuria in asymptomatic children and adolescents, which require no specific therapy except for health maintenance follow-up. Pediatric nephrologist referral is indicated when the proteinuria is constant and persists over 6 months or is associated with hematuria, hypertension, or renal dysfunction.Conclusions:We provide a simplified diagnostic algorithm for evaluation of proteinuria in primary care adolescents who appear well and in whom proteinuria is incidentally discovered during a routine examination.

Progress of Short-Term Herbal Medicine Administration for Asymptomatic Proteinuria: Case Report

Objectives This case reports a certain level of improvement for asymptomatic proteinuria with short-term administration of herbal medicine. Methods In the first treatment phase, the patient was treated with Dangguisu-san (DGSS) for his rib fracture. In the second treatment phase, the patient was treated with a herbal formulation of Astragali and Angelicae Sinensis (A&As particle) for asymptomatic proteinuria. Results Treatment with herbal medicine resulted in a decrease in the patient’s complaints regarding symptoms. Also, proteinuria-related items in hematology and urinalysis were improved. Conclusions Herbal medicine therapy may be effective for proteinuria treatment. Keywords: proteinuria, microalbuminuria, herbal medicine, Korean medicine, case report

A novel ADCK4 mutation in a Chinese family with ADCK4-Associated glomerulopathy

AarF domain-containing kinase 4 (ADCK4)-associated glomerulopathy (ADCK4-GN) is an inherited mitochondrial nephropathy caused by mutations in the ADCK4 gene. Herein, we report a case of ADCK4-GN. The patient, a 14-year-old Chinese male, presented with asymptomatic proteinuria and steroid resistance. A renal biopsy showed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and dysmorphic mitochondria in podocytes. Coenzyme Q10 treatment was partially effective. No adverse events were observed. Next generation and Sanger sequencing analyses revealed compound heterozygous mutations (c.625C > G, p.D209H and c.918G > T, p.C306X). Both inherited mutations are located in the highly conserved ABC1 domain. The unreported nonsense mutation causes a loss of 197 amino acids from the C-terminal portion of ADCK4, suggesting a deleterious effect of the truncating mutation by abolishing ADCK4 function. In conclusion, we identified a novel ABC1 domain-localized pathogenic mutation responsible for ADCK4-GN, further supporting the importance of the C-terminal portion of ADCK4. Next generation sequencing facilitated the early diagnosis. CoQ10 treatment may reduce proteinuria and postpone ADCK4-GN progression.

Approach to the Patient with Glomerular Disease

Glomerular diseases of the kidneys are associated with a limited array of clinical syndromes, including asymptomatic hematuria and/or proteinuria, acute nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, and chronic glomerulonephritis. The specific diseases that underlie these syndromes are numerous and heterogeneous. Broadly, they may be divided into primary and secondary disorders depending on whether the kidneys are the sole organs affected or whether other organ systems are also involved in the disease processes. A systematic approach involving a careful history, physical examination, assessment of renal function, and urinalysis (composition and microscopy) and protein excretion, combined with biochemical and serologic testing, can provide important clues to diagnosis and prognosis. Renal biopsy is often required for a complete and accurate diagnosis as well as a prognosis and therapeutic decision making. This review contains 4 figures, 6 tables and 92 references Key words: glomerular filtration rate, glomerulonephritis, hematuria, nephrotic syndrome, proteinuria, renal biopsy, serum complement

Lenalidomide as a Beneficial Treatment Option for Renal Impairment Caused by Light Chain Deposition Disease

Light chain deposition disease (LCDD) is a rare systemic disorder caused by the deposition of light chain immunoglobulins, which often results in renal impairment associated with either nephrotic syndrome or asymptomatic proteinuria. B-cell neoplasms, such as multiple myeloma and lymphoproliferative disorders, are well-known underlying diseases in LCDD. Some chemotherapy regimens have been reported, but both evidence-based treatment and management for LCDD have yet to be established. We herein report three cases of LCDD treated with lenalidomide-based therapy, resulting in hematologic responses accompanied by a significant reduction in proteinuria and improvement in the renal function. We recommend lenalidomide-based therapy for renal impairment caused by LCDD.

Detection of Urinary CD4TCell in Patients with Lupus Nephritis during Activity and Treatment period

Background: Renal involvement is common in Systemic Lupus Erythromatosis (SLE) and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. It is estimated that as many as 90% of patients with SLE will have pathologic evidence of renal involvement on biopsy, but clinically significant nephritis will develop in only 50%. The clinical presentation of lupus nephritis is highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic hematuria and/or proteinuria, to frank nephrotic syndrome, to rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with loss of renal function. Lupus nephritis typically develops within the first 36 months of the disease, although there are exceptions. Aim of the Work: The aim of this work was to study the level of urinary CD4 T cell and monitor the treatment in lupus nephritis patients. Patients and Methods: The ethical approval was obtained from the hospital ethical research committee and each patient participated in the study signed an informed consent.The present study was conducted on seventy-five female subjects, their age ranged from 20 to 40 years. They were divided into 3 groups a- 25 patients knowns as SLE with lupus nephritis, b- 25 SLE patients without lupus nephritis, c-25 normal control subjects. They were recruited from Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation department of Sayed Jalal and Al-Hussein Al-Azhar University Hospitals, during the period from October 2013 to October 2017. Results: Urinary CD4 markedly decreased after treatment of lupus nephritis. Conclusion: Urinary CD4 T-cells marker has a valuable role in detecting LN in SLE patients and has a significant correlation with disease activity index. Significant Positive correlation was found between Cd4 t-cell and SLEDAI in before and after treatment.Significant positive correlation was detected with 24hr urine protein, SLEDAI, PGA, while Platelet, ESR and C3 significant and negative correlation in post treatment.Monitoring urinary CD4 T-cells may help to identify treatment responders and treatment failure and enable patient-tailored therapy in the future.

Approach to the Patient with Glomerular Disease

Glomerular diseases of the kidneys are associated with a limited array of clinical syndromes, including asymptomatic hematuria and/or proteinuria, acute nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, and chronic glomerulonephritis. The specific diseases that underlie these syndromes are numerous and heterogeneous. Broadly, they may be divided into primary and secondary disorders depending on whether the kidneys are the sole organs affected or whether other organ systems are also involved in the disease processes. A systematic approach involving a careful history, physical examination, assessment of renal function, and urinalysis (composition and microscopy) and protein excretion, combined with biochemical and serologic testing, can provide important clues to diagnosis and prognosis. Renal biopsy is often required for a complete and accurate diagnosis as well as a prognosis and therapeutic decision making. This review contains 4 figures, 6 tables and 92 references Key words: glomerular filtration rate, glomerulonephritis, hematuria, nephrotic syndrome, proteinuria, renal biopsy, serum complement

Profile of renal AA amyloidosis in older and younger individuals: a single-centre experience

Objective: In epidemiological studies of amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis from Turkey, the most frequently cause was familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and it occurs generally in young age population. However, there are no sufficient data regarding aetiology, clinical presentation and prognosis of renal AA amyloidosis in advanced age patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate demographic, clinical presentation, aetiology and outcomes of adults aged 60 years or older patients with biopsy-proven renal AA amyloidosis.Methods: This is a retrospective study involving 53 patients who were diagnosed with AA amyloidosis by kidney biopsy from 2006 to 2016. In all patients, kidney biopsies were performed due to asymptomatic proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome and/or renal insufficiency. The patients were separated into two groups on the basis of age (group I: ≥60 years and group II: <60 years). Outcomes of patients in terms of the requirement of renal replacement therapy and mortality were recorded.Results: In patients with group I, the causes of AA amyloidosis were as follows: FMF 16 (50%), bronchiectasis 7 (23%), chronic osteomyelitis 2 (6%), inflammatory bowel disease 2 (6%), rheumatoid arthritis 2 (6%), ankylosing spondylitis 1 (3%) and unknown aetiology 2 (6%). The underlying disorders of AA amyloidosis in group II patients were as follows: FMF 17 (81%), Behcet’s disease 1 (5%) and unknown aetiology 3 (14%). No statistically significant differences were detected between two groups with regard to systolic and diastolic blood pressures, albumin, proteinuria and lipids. The combination of chronic kidney disease and nephrotic syndrome was the most common clinical presentation in group I (73%) and group II (43%) (p = .05). Compared to the group II, estimated glomerular filtration rate was significantly lower in group I at the time of kidney biopsy (p = .003). At 12-month follow-up, 61% of the group I and 33% of the group II developed end-stage kidney disease requiring dialysis, while 11% of the group I died.Conclusion: Our results indicated that renal AA amyloidosis is a rare disease in advanced age patients. At baseline and follow-up period, advanced age patients had worse kidney disease and outcomes.

Renal histopathological findings of retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy.

Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy (RVCL) is a rare autosomal dominant systemic microvascular disease. Neurological disorders and visual disturbance are highlighted as manifestations of RVCL; however, there are few reports focused on nephropathy. Herein, we describe detailed renal histopathological findings in a daughter and father with RVCL, proven by TREX1 genetic analysis. A kidney biopsy of the daughter, 35-year-old with asymptomatic proteinuria, revealed unique and various glomerular changes. Atypical double contour (not tram track-like) of the capillary wall was widely found, an apparent characteristic finding. Glomerular findings were varied due to a combination of new and old segmental mesangial proliferative changes, mesangiolysis, and segmental glomerulosclerosis-like lesions; these changes may be related to endothelial cell damage. Collapsed tufts were also found and thought to be the result of ischemia due to arterial changes. Glomerular findings in a kidney biopsy of the father revealed similarity to the daughter's glomerulus at a relatively advanced stage, but the degree of variety in the glomerular findings was much less. Kidney biopsy findings suggesting endothelial cell damage of unknown etiology need to be considered for possible RVCL.

The First Report on the Frequency of Asymptomatic Proteinuria in Iranian School-aged Children.

Background:Proteinuria is a well-known indicator of renal dysfunction. In this study, we evaluated the frequency of proteinuria in a sample of healthy Iranian elementary school students using both dipsticks and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) methods.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study was performed on 478 school students aged 7–9 years who were selected by multistage random cluster sampling from Isfahan city, Iran. A clean midstream first-morning urine sample was obtained from each subject. Urine samples were examined by dipstick method, and accordingly, they were reported as negative; trace; 1+; 2+; 3+; and 4+. UACR was determined in samples with positive dipstick proteinuria (defined as trace or greater).Results:This study included 478 students (42.8% boys), with mean age of 7.0 ± 0.4 years. Positive dipstick was detected in 124 (25.9%) cases. The frequency of positive dipstick proteinuria was significantly higher in the girls than boys (29.6% vs. 20.9%, respectively; P = 0.04). In cases with a positive dipstick, 10 (2.1%) cases had UACR 30–300 mg/g. The frequency of UACR of 30–300 mg/g was 1.4% and 2.5% in boys and girls, respectively. There was no significant difference in the frequency of UACR 30–300 mg/g in terms of gender (P = 0.4). None of the subjects had UACR above 300 mg/g.Conclusion:While the frequency of asymptomatic proteinuria varies widely across different studies, we found a higher rate of proteinuria in Iranian children. Cost-effectiveness analyses are needed to justify large screening program for detecting asymptomatic proteinuria, as a cardinal manifestation of kidney disease, in Iranian children.

A Case of Orthostatic Proteinuria Progressed to Persistent Proteinuria Associated with Renal Pathology

Orthostatic or postural proteinuria is the most common cause of asymptomatic proteinuria in children. As orthostatic proteinuria (OP) is a benign disease with relatively good prognosis, it has no specific management, and patients only need to be observed. However, if OP shows a persistently high level of proteinuria, in theory, glomerular changes can occur. An 11-year-old girl was referred to the hospital due to asymptomatic proteinuria and was diagnosed as having OP based on the results of clinical and laboratory examinations, urinalysis, and protein/creatinine (TP/Cr) ratio at both supine and erect positions. During follow-up observation, the 24-hour TP/Cr ratio was persistently higher than 1.5 mg/mg for 2 years. We performed renal biopsy, which showed mesangial proliferative glomerular lesions with focal effacement of the podocyte foot processes, but without immune depositions. OP can be accompanied by glomerular lesions if moderate to severe proteinuria persists. Key words: Proteinuria; Glomerulonephritis; Child; Orthostatic proteinuria

Asymptomatic trace and overt proteinuria in high- and lowbody weight individuals: A preliminary report of communitybased epidemiological study

Background: Overt proteinuria (OP), an established risk factor for kidney and cardiovascular disease, is much prevalent in high and low body weight individuals. Objectives: However, it is equivocal whether trace proteinuria (TrP) is also associated with high and low body weight. Therefore, we address this issue in a large epidemiological study. Patients and Methods: Regarding this association, we examined TrP defined as ± by dipstick urinalysis, in comparison with OP (≥+1) using the data of 70 886 apparently healthy Japanese men and women who underwent a checkup in 2008, aged 20-85 years old. Results: The prevalence of TrP, which was slightly but significantly higher (4.1%) on average compared with OP (3.1%), showed a J-shaped relationship against body mass index (BMI). Logistic regression analysis showed that compared to BMI of 21.0-22.9 kg/m2 , other BMI categories except BMI of 19.0–20.9 kg/m2 were significantly associated with TrP, which were not altered after adjustment for relevant confounding factors including age, sex, and pharmacotherapies for hypertension and diabetes. Unlike TrP, OP was not significantly associated with BMI of 23.0–24.9 kg/m2 , a high-normal body weight, although similar trends were observed in the overall relationship between BMI categories and OP. Conclusions: Current study suggests that TrP is also associated with high and low body weight, seemingly like OP. However, the degree and pattern of associations of TrP with BMI may differ from those of OP. Further study is required particularly in terms of fundamental clinical relevance of TrP.

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: challenges in definitions, pathogenesis and management

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a well-defined pattern of glomerular injury identifiable on renal biopsy using light microscopy. FSGS is not a single entity and much information is needed to make a proper evaluation in each subject with the condition to identify the cause, prognosticate, and inform treatment choices. Categories of information required include: clinical presentation, responsiveness to steroids, pathological subtype, genetic background, and evidence for other adaptive, viral, and toxic causes. Primary FSGS describes a cohort of conditions identified by exclusion of known contributory causes, but does not represent a single entity. Clinical manifestations and outcomes of FSGS vary widely; they include asymptomatic proteinuria, cases of spontaneous remission, steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome, and nephrotic syndrome resistant to immune modulating therapy progressing to end-stage renal disease with recurrence after transplantation. Although immune modulating therapy (based notably on corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors) are widely used in primary FSGS, robust evidence of their efficacy remains scant.

Atypical Plasmacytic Proliferation in a Case of C3 Glomerulopathy: Pathophysiology Demystified.

An 11-year-old Hispanic female underwent evaluation of asymptomatic proteinuria and hematuria. The patient denied fever, edema, and gross hematuria. Urinalysis showed mild proteinuria, and a urine microscopic examination revealed red blood cells. Screening tests for glomerulonephritis revealed a low C3 and negative ANA, ASO, DNAse-B, and ANCA. Histological examination of a renal biopsy specimen showed glomeruli with endocapillary proliferation, a predominant C3 deposition in the capillary loops by immunofluorescence, and electron dense deposits in the mesangium, paramesangium, and capillary walls by electron microscopy consistent with a diagnosis of C3 glomerulopathy. An interstitial plasmacytosis was also present with focal clustering of plasma cells, which were found to be kappa light chain restricted by in situ hybridization suggestive of a clonal proliferation. One can speculate that these plasma cells may be directly responsible for the renal pathology that was seen.

The clinical and biochemical features of complicated falciparum malarial nephropathy.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore renal involvement in complicated falciparum malaria as observed in hospitalized children.MethodsThis prospective study was conducted for four consecutive years with children 6 months to 14 years old who were affected by malarial nephropathy. Malaria was confirmed by microscopic examination of a blood smear. Detailed clinical evaluation and investigations were carried out to determine multi-organ involvement with special emphasis on renal functions. The staging for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) was carried out as per Acute Kidney Injury Network Staging, which provided three groups of patients who were further modified by Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End stage renal disease (RIFLE) staging.ResultsOut of 350 cases with malaria, 56 (16%) cases had nephropathy. One-hundred-forty cases (40%) were aged between 5 and 10 years. Serious renal involvement was observed in 14 (25%) children who were 10–14 years old. Oligo-anuria was found in 40 (71.4%) cases, and generalized oedema was found in 33 (58.9%) children from the onset of malaria. Approximately 47 cases showed associated multi-organ dysfunction, and 9 cases had isolated renal failure. Malaria-induced hepatopathy and nephropathy had a higher risk of death than nephropathy alone.ConclusionThe spectrum of malarial nephropathy in children is highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic proteinuria to advanced stages of AKI. Renal involvement is more common and severe in P. falciparum. Children aged between 5 and 14 years and those with oligo-anuria, symptomatic azotaemia, electrolyte abnormalities and hepatopathy are more likely to develop advanced stage AKI and subsequently have an increased risk of mortality.

Haematuria and proteinuria in childhood

Abstract Haematuria and proteinuria are common findings on urinalysis in childhood. They typically occur in three situations; firstly in patients with specific symptoms e.g. macroscopic haematuria or nephrotic syndrome, secondly in patients who have non-specific symptoms (usually when looking to exclude urinary tract infection) and thirdly in asymptomatic children. The majority of children fall into the latter two groups, the finding is temporary and not associated with long-term renal disease. If the finding is persistent or patients have specific clinical features then renal abnormalities are more frequent and appropriate investigation is required. This review provides a rationale for an approach that allows reassurance to be given to children and their families in whom the finding is transient and benign, whilst identifying those in whom renal abnormalities are present and treatment required. It describes algorithms for macroscopic haematuria (MaH), asymptomatic microscopic haematuria (MiH) and proteinuria.

Idiopathic membranous nephropathy combined with IgA nephropathy––two cases report and literature review

Objectives To describe the clinical and pathological characteristics of idiopathic membranous nephropathy combined with IgA nephropathy, and guide clinical treatment. Methods Two patients were confirmed to have idiopathic membranous nephropathy combined with IgA nephropathy by clinical characteristics and renal pathology(light microscope、immunofluorescence、electron microscope). We analyzed the clinical and pathological data and reviewed literature. Results Two patients were all young male, 44 and 38 years old. Blood pressure and renal function of two patients were normal. One patient had nephritic syndrome and microscopic hematuria, the other had asymptomatic proteinuria. Two patients were excluded secondary kidney disease. The treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy combined with IgA nephropathy was based on degree of albuminuria, and treated with good results. Conclusions Idiopathic membranous nephropathy combined with IgA nephropathy has low incidence, and hasn't special clinical manifestation.It has the pathological characteristics of membranous nephropathy and IgA nephropathy. Clinical manifestation more like membranous nephropathy. Individualization therapy is very essential. Key words: Glomerulonephritis, Membranous; Glomerulonephritis, IGA

Prevention of the adverse reaction application of bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy in postoperative patients with gastric cancer

Objective To investigate the adverse reaction of gastric cancer patients after inquiry application of bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy, and put forward some corresponding preventive measures. Methods Sixty-five cases patients with gastric cancer who were treated with advanced gastric cancer radical operation application of bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy in the Central Hospital of Jiangmen from January 2012 to January 2014, including 41 male, 24 female, with the average age of 48.7 years old.The adverse reactions were observed, and give the corresponding prevention and control measures on the basis of the adverse reaction conditions, the experience in the prevention and treatment were summarized according to the therapeutic effect with clinical and related literature. Results The adverse reactions caused by bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer including proteinuria(a total of 24 cases(37%), including 18 cases(27.8%) of (+ ), 6 cases(9.2%) of (+ + )), gastrointestinal reaction(a total of 10 cases(15.4%), including 8 cases(12.3%) of grade Ⅰ, 2 cases(3.1%) of grade Ⅱ), thrombosis(a total of 20 cases(30.7%), including 13 cases of grade Ⅰ(20%), 7 cases(10.7%) of grade Ⅱ) and hypertension(a total of 11 cases(16.9%), including 9 cases(13.8%) of grade Ⅰ, 2 cases(3.1%) of grade Ⅱ). Bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of gastric cancer patients with partial remission in 41 cases(63.1%), 10 cases(15.4%) of stable disease progression, 14 cases(21.5%) of disease progression, the complete remission rate was 63.1%.For adverse reactions of proteinuria, patients with asymptomatic proteinuria, if patients with urinary protein detection results for (+ ), without special treatment, when patients with urinary protein detection for (+ + ), given the observation, if patients with urinary protein was more than or equal to 2 g/24 h, paused bevacizumab until proteinuria<2 g. When the patients with digestive system damage, such as ALT and AST elevation, given the treatment of liver until the two hepatic enzymes returned to normal; patients with gastrointestinal reactions were nausea and vomiting, asked patient to light diet and regular esophagoscopy, if the patients appeared visceral fistula immediately stopped bevacizumab.For patients with thrombosis, should be closely monitored in patients with signs, once found regardless of any level of embolism events, all immediately stopped the chemotherapy drugs.For the main adverse reactions of hypertension, given patients with proper medication explain before the treatment to reduce the fear, tension, and avoiding mood disorders which lead to an increase in blood pressure, blood pressure should be regularly detected in patients who use drugs, if patients occurred a sharp rise in blood pressure during the treatment, immediately stopped bevacizumab and given antihypertensive treatment. Conclusion Clinicians should take the possible corresponding prediction in patients underwent application of bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy on the possible different adverse reactions according to the actual situation of patients, and take corresponding preventive measures, can to some extent avoid serious adverse reaction occurred, and improve the quality of life of the patients. Key words: Gastric cancer; Chemotherapy; Adverse reaction; Bevacizumab

IgM nephropathy: is it closer to minimal change disease or to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis?

Immunoglobulin (Ig)M nephropathy (IgMN), known since 1978, is a very controversial clinicopathological entity characterized by IgM diffuse deposits in the mesangium at immunofluorescence whereas light microscop identifies minimal glomerular lesion, hypercellularity and expansion of the mesangium or sclerotic focal, segmental lesion. Clinically, it is a nephrotic syndrome, especially in pediatric patients, or asymptomatic proteinuria and/or isolated hematuria. These characteristics narrowly define IgMN between minimal change disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, so it is not often recognized as a separate pathology. Homogeneous epidemiologic, pathogenetic, clinical or histological data are not available. Recent research on the pathogenetic role of mesangial IgM has, however, renewed interest in IgMN and naturally the controversies.

Prevalence of proteinuria in school children (aged 12-14 years) in Kashmir valley, India, using dipstick method.

Screening for kidney diseases by urinalysis in school children is being conducted in many parts of the world with inexpensive tools such as urinary dipsticks. We conducted this study to know the prevalence of asymptomatic proteinuria in school children (age group 12-14 years) in Kashmir valley as no previous study is available. After applying exclusion criteria, 2068 children were screened for proteinuria by dipstick method. Another test was performed in the children with abnormal findings in the first sample with dipstick of the same brand, after a period of one-month. These children were also assessed by timed urine collection (i.e., 24 h urinary protein). In the first dipstick test, the prevalence of proteinuria in the studied population was 6.2% which persisted in 2.17% after second dipstick examination. No child in the studied group was found to have glycosuria. In our study, no statistically significant association was found between proteinuria and gender, body mass index, or hypertension. In our study, the prevalence of persistent proteinuria in school children (age group 12-14 years) in Kashmir valley was almost similar to the studies conducted in different parts of the world.