Associations In Russia Research Articles

Commercial Activity of Professional Art Associations in Russia at the Turn of the 19th−20th Centuries

The purpose of the article is to highlight the economic aspects of the functioning of exhibition associations of artists in Russia at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries. Understanding the role of commercial associations of artists in the structure of the domestic art market opens up opportunities for a more in-depth and detailed studying of the features of the artistic life of Russia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

The role of multilateral cooperation in the transition to a circular economy and low-carbon development: waste recycling associations as agents of change

The article presents the results of a study of the activities and role of professional associations for recycling of production and consumption waste in connection with the start of Russia's transition to a circular economy and the implementation of the strategic federal project of the same name. A retrospective analysis of the development of the concept of “closed loop” over the past decades has been carried out in the context of the disposal of production and consumption waste and the formation of the concept of a circular economy. Specific institutional, cultural, and legal barriers are described that prevent the transition of the current economic system to sustainable cyclical patterns of production and consumption with the usage of secondary material resources in production. A classification of waste recycling associations is proposed based on information about the participants of associations and the functions they perform: associations of manufacturers and importers of goods and packaging within the framework of the implementation of extended producers’ responsibility standards, associations of waste recycling companies, associations of manufacturers and recycling companies, associations of complex partnerships. For each identified type of associations, a case example is described. Based on the analysis of the activities of foreign (USA, European Union (Netherlands), China, India) and national associations for waste management, as well as the International Solid Waste Association, which operates at the global level, via comparison of their organizational structure and legal framework, characteristic features for each type of associations are identified, as well as cooperative forms of interaction relevant for Russia. The key problems associated with the activities of waste recycling associations in Russia are described, as well as the prospects for the creation and transformation of such associations, taking into account the socio-economic development policy pursued in the country.

Pro-Government Political Youth Associations in Russia: Modern History

The object of scientific research is political youth associations associated with pro-government political parties of the Russian Federation during the specified period. The subject of scientific research is the activity of domestic political youth associations in the political, public, cultural and spiritual life of the Russian Federation in the modern period. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the activities of political youth associations and determining their place in the socio-political life of the Russian Federation in the 1990s - at the beginning of the XXI century. General scientific and special historical research methods were used. Among the general scientific research methods, the method of formal logic, the method of analysis, the method of synthesis, and the statistical method were used. Among the special historical methods were used: historical-comparative, historical-typological, problem-chronological, structural-functional method, historical-genetic, method of expert assessments. The article reveals the main pages of the history of political youth associations in the modern conditions of rapid rotation of youth movements. Youth associations associated with pro-government political parties of the Russian Federation are considered. Various forms of their activity are revealed. The characteristic of the political activity of organizations having a close connection with political parties is given. The ideological foundations of these associations are described. The study concluded that the key feature of pro-government youth associations in Russia is the presence of a developed idea about the possibility of broad representation of youth in power. In their activities, youth party associations, as a rule, focus on methods that may be of interest to young people – youth camps, public contests, forums, discussion platforms, pickets, rallies. At the moment, the main pro-government youth force in the country is the All-Russian public Organization "Young Guard of United Russia".

Opposition Political Youth Associations in Russia: Modern History

The object of scientific research is the opposition political youth associations associated with the political parties of the Russian Federation. The subject of scientific research is the activity of domestic political youth associations in various spheres of public life of the Russian Federation in the modern period. The purpose of the study is to analyze the historical path and activities of political opposition youth associations and determine their place in the socio-political life of the Russian Federation in the 1990s - at the beginning of the XXI century. General scientific (analysis, synthesis and others) and special historical research methods (historical-comparative, historical-genetic and others) were used. The article analyzes the historical path of the opposition political youth associations of Russia at the turn of the second and third millennia. The complex process of the development of multiparty youth associations of modern Russia, the formation of the "right-left" opposition is considered. The features of specific political youth associations are analyzed. It was concluded that modern opposition political youth associations, from the beginning of their existence to the present, are characterized by fragmentation and disunity, lack of clear programs, effective forms of work. They have a variety of ideological foundations. At the moment, the main direction of their activity is political. Opposition political youth associations are experiencing limited tools of their own propaganda. A common feature of all opposition youth associations is the absence of openly Nazi views. The left opposition has the greatest influence among youth opposition actors.

Theoretical and applied aspects of assessing the efficiency of professional pedagogical associations in Russia

Introduction. The article presents a comprehensive study on the problem of evaluating the effectiveness of professional pedagogical associations. A structural model for evaluating the effectiveness of professional pedagogical associations at the theoretical, methodological and methodological levels is presented and substantiated. The key indicators of evaluation are identified and an integral map for evaluating the effectiveness of the activities of professional pedagogical associations is described as a technological component of the model and tools for conducting internal self-examination and external expertise in the context of delegating new socially significantfunctions to them. Materials and Methods. The materials were compiled by domestic and foreign studies that reflected the experience of professional pedagogical associations and the results of monitoring studies with the participation of respondents from various professional groups involved in the field of education. In the course of the study, methods of system-structural analysis and generalizations, monitoring, design and modeling were used. Results. The ideas about the activities of psychological and pedagogical associations in the context of the challenges of modern education have been expanded. A structural-functional model for evaluating the effectiveness of professional pedagogical associations at the theoretical, methodological and methodological levels has been designed and substantiated. Discussion and Conclusion. The practical significance of the developed structural-functional model for evaluating the effectiveness of the activities of professional pedagogical associations is substantiated. It is clarified that the prospects for research are associated with the introduction of the developed model into a practical circuit.

Publishing as a Tool for the Formation and Accumulation of Symbolic Capital in Russia

Medina Publishing is one of the oldest and largest Islamic publishers in Russia in terms of volume. This article examines its evolution from a project publishing work on local history and the Nizhny Novgorod Tatars to a publisher of modern theological literature written by representatives of the Renovationist movement. Medina characteristically distributes most of its books, newspapers, and magazines free. Its core aims are educational, image-building, and ideological in nature. This article looks at Medina’s role as a tool for the formation and accumulation of symbolic capital by one of Russia’s Islamic religious organisations (muftiates), the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Russian Federation (DUM RF). The author notes Medina’s unique position in the Russian publishing market as a publisher focused on literature for the educated reader with special knowledge in the fields of religious studies, philology, etc. Medina’s publications encourage readers to believe that the centre of Islamic theological thought in Russia is at DUM RF, legitimating the claims of the muftiate and its leader to spiritual leadership of the Russian ummah. Both DUM RF and Medina focus their efforts on building the profile of intellectuals as people government officials, as those whose decisions govern the fate of religious associations in Russia, can work with rather than as representatives of an alien, incomprehensible, and hostile force (which is how bureaucrats in Russia have viewed Islam for centuries).

ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ИНСТРУМЕНТОВ ДАВЛЕНИЯ НА РОССИЙСКИЕ РЕЛИГИОЗНЫЕ ОБЪЕДИНЕНИЯ В 2000-Е ГГ.

The article considers the mechanisms of regulation of religious life by state structures, the use of various methods of restricting the activities of religious associations in Russia, the emergence of new instruments of pressing the believers and religious organizations at the level of legislation and law enforcement in 2000–2022. It analyzes the correspondence of these mechanisms to the goals declared during their preparation and the effectiveness of their application, as well as the consequences of using these mechanisms for the religious organizations themselves, both traditional and religious minorities. The author also reviews the consequences of state pressure on religious associations on the state of religious freedom in the country and the level of public and state security. Furthermore is referring to the application of anti-extremist legislation to religious associations, changes to the law “On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Associations” and other legislation regulating the religious sphere, as well as the inappropriate bringing of representatives of various religious organizations to criminal and administrative liability.

On the issue of the development of children’s public associations in Russia

Статья посвящена вопросам развития детских общественных движений в России с учетом общеполитических и экономических изменений в государстве. Рассматривается кластерный способ деления детских общественных движений по виду социально направленной деятельности.

Political Implications of Orthodox Identity: An Example of the World Russian People’s Council

The article examines the conceptual ideas of the World Russian Peoples Council, acting under the auspices of the Russian Orthodox Church, regarding the implementation of the right to freedom of conscience and the status of religious associations in Russia. Furthermore, the speeches of heads of the states at the Councils were studied for their attitude to the ideological content of the activities of this organization. On the basis of the data obtained, the author attempts to find a correlation between the proposals voiced at the Councils on changing certain aspects in the religious sphere and the reforms of the Russian legislation on freedom of conscience. As a result of this study, a striking coincidence was revealed between the two factors mentioned: the provisions discussed at the Councils, as a rule, after some time were reflected in Russian normative legal acts. Not having sufficient grounds for declaring an unambiguous causal relationship between conciliar ideas and legislative reform, one can, in any case, assume a significant impact of the activities of the World Russian Peoples Council on the state policy in implementation of the right to freedom of conscience in modern Russia.

ТАДЖИКСКИЕ ОБЩИНЫ В РОССИЙСКИХ РЕГИОНАХ В ПЕРИОД ПАНДЕМИИ COVID-19: ЗАНЯТОСТЬ И СОЛИДАРНОСТЬ

In the course of field research, statistical and sociological data were collected on the number, socio-demographic structure and problems of Tajik migrants in various regions of the Russian Federation. During the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia, Tajik migrants faced social and economic difficulties. The pandemic has significantly complicated the situation of Tajik citizens — temporary labor migrants in Russia. Many were unable to leave Russia before the borders were closed, and during the lockdown they lost their jobs and sources of income. The loss of a job turned into problems both for the migrants who remained in Russia and for their families, who could not receive remittances from Russia. Many labor migrants were forced to look for work, adapt to the new socio-economic situation, experienced pressure from the security forces, lost their health and were in a state of stress. Labor migrants from Tajikistan, who initially lost income during the lockdown in April-May 2020, were gradually able to adapt to the new socio-economic conditions and restore their monetary income, continuing to provide assistance to their families in their homeland. Three types of Tajik public associations in Russia have been identified and described: organizations positioning themselves through the ethnocultural component and carrying out cultural projects; organizations providing various types of assistance to citizens and immigrants from Tajikistan (for example, labor migrants); organizations uniting representatives of socio-demographic groups from Tajikistan (for example, working with youth). The article also analyzes the forms of solidarity of Tajik communities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia; it is revealed that the main burden of supporting Tajik migrants was carried by ethnic entrepreneurs and non-governmental organizations.

Рекомендации по реализации кластерной политики в современной России

The aim of the study is to study the experience of implementing cluster policy in the Russian Federation and offer recommendations for improving cluster policy and strengthening cluster processes. The article presents the results of the analysis of clusters and cluster policy in Russia. During the research, general scientific and special methods are used: analysis and synthesis, comparison and generalization, system analysis. As a result of the study, the driving forces of the functioning of clusters, the risks of implementing cluster policy in Russia and a list of limiting factors when choosing clusters-objects for financing are identified. The article reveals the peculiarities of cluster policy in Russia and gives recommendations for conducting cluster policy based on the domestic experience of clustering. In contrast to the existing ones, the recommendations proposed in the article are novel, since they take into account the current stage of development at which cluster associations in Russia are located. When developing the recommendations, the latest trends in the organizational development of clusters in an innovative economy are taken into account. The presented developments will be useful to public authorities in the formation of regional programs for the development of clusters in the regional economy, as well as for making decisions on the support of clusters

Review of the speeches of the participants of the round table "Development of international cooperation in the field of sports psychology"

The article presents the materials of the speeches of the of the round table participants that was held within the framework of the international scientific and practical online conference "Sports psychology in the intercultural space". For the first time in many years, members of the Association of Sports Psychologists of Russia and the CIS countries were able to meet with representatives of the Managing Council of the International Society of Sports Psychology (ISSP) to build a dialogue and cooperation. The article presents the original materials of the participants of the round table, including various aspects of the organizational and practical work of the members of the ISSP Managing Council together with other international associations and federations. Each speaker's report was devoted to a specific topic. At the same time, all the reports complement each other and allow us to understand the current trends in the development of sports psychology in the world. During the round table, the activities of sports psychology associations in Russia, China and India are most fully revealed. An educational project for training specialists in the field of sports and physical exercises initiated by the European Federation of Sports Psychology more than 25 years ago is also considered. The Past President of ISSP Gangyan Si made a report on the initiatives of the ISSP "Think Tank" Center related to the mental health of athletes. The work of ISSP on international certification of specialists in the field of sports psychology is presented in the reports of Chris Harwood and Franco Noce. Professor Daniel Gucciardi made a video presentation about his vision of the main problems in the field of sports psychology and the important role of promoting open science.

“German Parties” in the Russian Science of the 19th Century

The article is the devoted to the issue of German and Russian groups opposition that arose in various scientific institutions and associations in Russia in the 19th century, such as Russian Geographical Society, Russian Archeological Society, Imperial Public Library and others. The author examines the influence of those groups on the development of certain scientific lines of research, which demonstrated itself in the choice of the scientific language, scientific priorities and strategies, also very often – in the choice of scientific methodology, and finally – in the formation of scientific schools. All this confirms the ideas of the Slavophils and N.Ya. Danilevsky formulated in the 19th century regarding the influence on science of national consciousness and specific worldviews of the scientists.

Особенности правового статуса религиозных объединений в России

Особенности правового статуса религиозных объединений в России

Sexual Exploitation as a Minor, Violence, and HIV/STI Risk among Women Trading Sex in St. Petersburg and Orenburg, Russia.

Child sexual exploitation (CSE) is a major risk factor for acquiring human immunodeficiency virus/sexually transmitted infections (HIV/STI), violence and other health concerns, yet few studies have examined these associations in Russia until now. This study examines the prevalence of CSE (those entering the sex trade as a minor) among women in the sex trade in Russia and how exposures and behaviors related to violence and HIV/STI structural risks differ from those who entered the sex trade as an adult. Women in the sex trade (N = 896) in St. Petersburg and Orenburg, Russia were recruited via time-location sampling and completed structured surveys. Adjusted logistic regression analyses assessed associations between CSE victimization and HIV risk-related exposures. Of the 654 participants who provided their age at first sexual exploitation, 11% reported CSE prior to age 18. Those who reported CSE were more likely to be organized by others and to be prohibited from leaving a room or house and from using condoms; three-quarters experienced rape when trading sex; a third were involved in pornography before age 18 and they had less education if they entered the sex trade as a minor. In adjusted analyses, those entering the sex trade as a minor were significantly more likely than those entering the sex trade as an adult to report drug use prior to age 18 (AOR = 5.75, 95% CI = 2.53–13.09) to have ≥5 clients/day (past 12 months; AOR = 3.55, 95% CI = 1.56–8.08), to report receiving police assistance (AOR: 3.10, 95% CI = 1.26–7.54), and to have fewer experiences of police extortion (AOR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.10–1.24). They were four times more likely to participate in pornography before the age of 18 (AOR = 4.08, 95% CI = 1.32, 12.60) and three times more likely to have been sexually abused as child (AOR = 2.93, 95% CI = 1.27, 7.54). Overall, entry as a minor was related to greater risk for victimization and an inability to protect oneself from STI/HIV.

Leadership Potential of Professional Teacher Associations in Russia: Formation of Middle Leaders

This research study is aimed at investigating distributed leadership practices in the Russian school system, of which professional teacher associations (PTA) constitute a distinct feature. In particular, we set out to investigate the PTA leadership potential, as well as the role and specific personal characteristics of middle leaders in the Russian school education system. These associations are formed by the school administration on the basis of subject areas, bringing together teachers of maths, history, etc. Teachers join PTAs on a voluntarily basis. The key function of such organisations consists in the implementation of innovative educational approaches and techniques. In order to analyse their leadership potential, we carried out a sociological survey among the employees of high-profile secondary schools (gymnasiums and lyceums) situated in the major Russian city of Ekaterinburg. The research methodology comprised structured interviews with 110 respondents, along with in-depth interviews with 2 school directors, 4 school deputy directors and 6 heads of professional teacher associations. Our results show that the fundamentals and principles of distributed leadership are actively implemented in Ekaterinburg schools. The school administrations encourage the creation of professional teacher associations grouped around subject areas, delegating to these structural units the functions of improving the quality of teaching the respective subjects and disseminating educational innovations, at the same time as fulfilling the requirements of the state and regional education authorities. Such associations are headed by middle leaders, who are nominated by their colleagues and whose candidacy is approved by school seniors, taking into account their professional achievements, experience of leading pedagogical innovations and the presence of the right personal qualities necessary for productive collaborative work. These people perform the role of mediators, operating at the interface between various levels within the school. Although viewed as a school’s personnel reserve for the positions of principals and head teachers, our respondents consider themselves to be ‘more teachers’ or ‘innovators in education’ than administrators. The development of the leadership qualities of such professionals in the Russian school system is shown to be hindered by a ‘glass ceiling’ – a certain limit in their career growth. This discouraging factor results in some middle school leaders searching for professional self-realization opportunities outside the school system, in the spheres of business, science or culture that are believed to provide more opportunities for self-advancement.

Regional Features of Developing Cossack Public Associations in Russia and Main Directions of Their Activity (Based on the Republic of Kalmykia)

Introduction. The article considers the processes of socio-political, ethnocultural revival and the development of the modern Cossacks of Kalmykia. The paper deals with the activities of state authorities in reviving the Cossacks and the role of the Kalmyk Cossacks in the socio-cultural and socio-political processes of the region, interaction of local Cossack associations with Cossack communities not only in the south of Russia, but also in the country as a whole. Methods. The article uses the problem-chronological, historical-genetic, historiographical and source study analysis. Analysis. The author highlights the stages of developing the revival movement of the Kalmyk Cossacks: the first stage is the end of the 1980s and mid 1990s; the second stage is between the mid 1990s and mid 2000s: the third stage is from the mid 2000s until now. The author concludes that the processes of revival of Kalmyk Cossacks have their own specificity and features. First of all, the processes of revival took place outside their traditional territory of residence. Secondly, the union managed to gather immigrants from various hosts – the Don, Astrakhan, Kuban, Orenburg, Ural, Terek ones – in the Kalmyk Cossack district. Thirdly, a distinctive feature is peaceful coexistence of two equal denominations professed by the Kalmyk Cossacks – Buddhism and Orthodoxy. The author notes that the process of forming the Cossacks in the region was influenced both by the all-Russian tendencies of the Cossack revival and by the support of the regional political elite. However, such factors as organization and responsibility of Cossack associations, active citizenship, protecting their corporate interests also played an important role in the processes of revival and developing the Cossacks of the republic. Results. Thus, the Cossacks of Kalmykia became an integral part of the social structure of the republic. The Cossacks actively participate not only in the social and political processes, but also in the sphere of patriotic education of young people, regulating and controlling interethnic and interfaith conflicts in the region. Over the period of its existence, the Cossacks managed to gain prestige, become a significant social and political force in Kalmyk society.

СИСТЕМА ИСТОЧНИКОВ ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ СТАТУСА РЕЛИГИОЗНЫХ ОБЪЕДИНЕНИЙ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА

The author analyses the sources of Russian law governing the status of religious associations in the country and outlines the main features of modern regional legislation in this area. The aim of this study is to identify inaccuracies and contradictions in federal and regional legislation, as well as to develop specific proposals and recommendations for improving the legal system of Russia. The study is based on the theoretical and empirical material. In particular, the former is works by Russian scholars (A.A. Agafonova, M.V Baglay, S.A. Burianov, N.V Vitruk, V.S. Nersesyants, A.V. Pchelintsev, A.A. So, O.N. Terekhov, M.A. Shibanova and others) and studies of foreign authors (Christian R. Barker, G. Robbers and others). Federal legislation and acts of regional public authorities were also used. The methodological basis of the research was dialectical, historical-legal and formal-legal methods. In particular, the use of the dialectical method contributed to the study of the legislation on religious associations in Russia in its formation and development. The use of historical legal and formal legal methods helped to identify contradictions between the norms of acts of various levels of power. As a result, the author came to a conclusion that, based on the federal nature of Russia, such sources can be subdivided into federal and regional ones. Among the federal sources, taking into account their legal power, it is possible to single out the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which has the highest constituent power in the state (Articles 13, 14, 19, 28, 29, 30, 59 and others), federal laws, including separate norms of codified acts, and by-laws. The latter fix the necessary mechanism to regulate the joint activities of state authorities of different levels, religious associations and citizens. Further in the hierarchy of sources of Russian law regulating the elements of the right status of religious associations are regional legal acts. They are very diverse, and they can be classified either from their legal force or from their content. In Russia, there is a large number of acts regulating the legal status of religious associations. However, they often encounter collisions, errors in legal techniques, the contradictoriness of federal and regional legislation. The existence of such phenomena restrains the progressive development of relations in the sphere of realisation of freedom of conscience and should become subject of reform.

Organizational Culture in Civic Associations in Russia

The organizational culture of nonprofit organizations is affected by the context in which they are embedded. Based on a qualitative study of local civic associations in Novosibirsk, Russia, this article illustrates how nonprofit organizational culture has been shaped by historical and contemporary social and cultural conditions. The fluid situation for civil society in Russia has generated varied organizational culture across nonprofits. Interview data reveal different value orientations, distinct group identities, and different images of the ideal civic association: as a social establishment, as an outlet for self-expression, as a network of experts, or as a social startup. This resulting diversity of organizational culture has implications for the potential for partnerships among nonprofits, between nonprofits and government, between nonprofits and businesses, and also for the organizational survival of nonprofits in this setting.

Initsiativy “sverkhu” i transformatsiya obshchestvennykh obedineniy strany vo vtoroy polovine 1980-kh godov

Public initiative has always been a landmark in the processes of national development. Another thing is that the format of its implementation tends to vary under the influence of external factors. The present study is devoted to one of these cases. The author carries out the analysis of legal frameworks relating to the functioning of voluntary associations in Russia, and attempts to overcome the longstanding historiography tradition and to look differently at structuring civil society processes. That is, not through the prism of the generally accepted greater publicity and freedom, but through the specific initiatives of the public authorities and their vector vision developments within Soviet society. Emphasis is placed on the degree of autonomy of the public association and its change in this period, focusing on the implementation of public tasks of national importance. Special attention is paid to the interaction of public associations with each other and with the authorities. The author defines the mechanisms for building such relations and prospects for their further development; identifies the implications of initiatives from this time for both the public and the authorities. In general, the study demonstrated the progress made in implementing the so-called managed democracy and the formation of a new, not inherent in the previous practice, model of civil society. This model is characterized by the gap in the interaction of authorities and public institutions, the transformation of the role and place in society of such structures as assembly of citizens, trade unions, people's control bodies and so on.