Associations In Russia Research Articles

Развитие интеграционных процессов в современной экономике на основе создания кластеров

Integration processes are the most important areas of economic development. The article presents the motives and factors that contribute to the development of integration processes in the economy; the evolution of forms of integration in Russia is considered, the reasons for choice of kinds of integration interaction are presented, the existing forms of integration are reflected. The idea that the cluster association of organizations is the most promising form of integration is substantiated. The authors highlighted features of clusters, assessed the current state of the cluster structure, focusing on the existing problems of the establishment and operation of cluster associations in Russia.

THE USE OF THE RITES OF PASSAGE DURING THE WORK WITH AT RISK ADOLESCENTS IN THE EXPERIENCE OF FOREIGN RESEARCHES

This article analyzes the views of foreign psycho-pedagogical researchers on a problem of the rite of passage as a tool of sewage for hostile aggression and spiritual and creativity actualization at risk adolescents. Special attention is drawn to the Western educators’ opinion on the usage of initiation in the temporary children’s associations for adolescents group-integration and the formation of valuable qualities of them. In the conclusion it is shown the perspectives of the application of this psychological and pedagogical technology in the modern Russian system of education. Purpose: analyze the views of the foreign researchers on the usage of the rite of passage (initiation) to actualize the spiritual and creative potential at risk adolescents in the temporary children’s associations. Methodology: a large array of sources reflecting the pedagogical experience of the Euro-pean and American researchers of initiation phenomenon has been analyzed. The leading method of the pedagogical research is studying of the teaching staff’s working in Europe and in the United States. As the additional methods of the interpretation and synthesis of the results and the analysis of the publications of the foreign authors are used in the article. Results: on the basis of theoretical and empirical analysis identified that the experience of the modern foreign pedagogy can be applied to develop the educational programs of the actualization of spiritual and creative potential of at risk adolescents by a rite of passage in a temporary children’s associations in Russia, due to which the transformation of personality, the development of creative thinking and correction of aggressive impulses can be successfully achieved. Practical implications: the system of education.

Corporation as a Social and Legal Institution: An Analytical Review of Russian Historiography

The topic under study is urgent due to the fact that the analysis of the main trends of Russian historiography in the field of corporate law will affect the optimization of the development of normative legal acts regulating the establishment and activities of corporations. The objective of the article is to reveal positive and negative stereotypes in the understanding of legal, economic and social nature of corporations, in determining their status, stability and dynamics of development. A leading research method is an integrated approach based on the unity of analysis and synthesis. The article deals with the evolution of the views of Russian scholars on the peculiarities of creation and functioning of various types of corporate associations in Russia, Russia’s forms of participation in the activities of corporations from a historical perspective. The materials of the article may be useful to economists, lawyers, sociologists and historians.

Professional and Business Associations in Russia: Functions and Their Determinants

This paper examines functions and factors that determine their fulfilment by professional and business associations in the context of transition environment in Russia. Theoretically, it is based upon an integrative framework of nonprofits’ functions. We investigate the influence of organizational age, size and associations’ relations with the state on the relative importance of the advocacy, community building and service delivery functions. The original dataset for this study was collected from 215 associations across Russia. The findings show that the absolute majority of the associations are multifunctional. Advocacy is considered to be the most important function of these associations. Findings prove substantial influence of the examined factors on the composition of functions that associations fulfill.

Пересматривая роль бизнес-ассоциаций в Россиии на посткоммунистическом пространстве:от групп интересов к защитным организациямРецензия на книгу: Duvanova D. 2013. Building Businessin Post-Communist Russia, Eastern Europe, and Eurasia:Collective Goods, Selective Incentives, and Predatory States. New York: Cambridge University Press.

In Building Business in Post-Communist Russia, Eastern Europe, and Eurasia: Collective Goods, Selective Incentives, and Predatory States Dinissa Duvanova discusses a “theory of defensive organizations”. Duvanova proposes this theory as an alternative to the theory of interest groups by Olson, Stigler et al. The theory of defensive organizations arises from the critique of the view of business associations as lobbyists caring only for their own interests. Duvanova uses quantitative data from 27 countries in Eastern Europe and Eurasia and qualitative data about the situation in Russia, Ukraine, Croatia and Kazakhstan in order to show that the experience of post-communist countries does not correspond to the predictions of the theory of interest groups. The author sets out to examine and counter the following myths about business associations, including: (1) business associations are a consequence of good institutions; (2) they are not needed in countries with the high level of corruption; (3) they act as cartels seeking to price collusion; (4) compulsory membership in the business associations may solve the collective action problem. Duvanova concludes that business associations in Russia and in other countries of Eastern Europe and Eurasia protect their members from a predatory state rather than from a free market. The review notes some limitations of the book: 1) a relatively short period of quantitative analysis (six-year period from 1999 to 2005); 2) an insufficient account of the differences within the countries; and 3) the excessive optimism of the theory. In general, Duvanova proposes a theory which has high explanatory potential, which will be useful for further empirical research. She consciously simplifies the explanatory scheme to offer a formal model that can be applied to problems beyond the scope of this book. Furthermore, the reviewer notes that the theory of defensive organizations does not contradict the theory of interest groups, rather it expands and complements this theory for countries with a recently developing business community.

Collective management of residential housing in Russia: The importance of being social

Homeowners associations (HOAs) implement collective management in residential housing. We assess the performance of such associations in Russia by using the stochastic frontier technique. Cultural traits enabling tenants to make proper use of the HOA decision-making procedures are essential for resolving the collective action problem and ensure accountability of governing bodies and outside contractors. Such “technical civic competence” has a stronger impact on HOA performance than more conventional forms of social capital which rise in their significance when HOA governance breaks down and informal grassroots alternatives are mobilized instead. Massive and indiscriminate “supply-led” introduction of collective management in residential housing without matching cultural and institutional prerequisites could be counterproductive. Flexibility, freedom of choice, and market development are required to avert the failures of HOAs commonly observed in Russia.

Development of Professional Associations in Russia: A Research into Institutional Framework, Self-Regulation Activity, and Barriers to Professionalization

Professional associations in Russia are to some extent novices in contemporary professional regulation. Only small part of them can play significant role in enforcement of professional control (representing professional community in front of other stakeholders, adopting professional standards, ensuring market closure, protecting of prevalence of professional ethics, etc.). Partially that comes from the lack of experience of self-regulation that professions have in the Russian history and sharp invasion of the global market in the 1990s, partially that follows tradition of state predominance in economy and society. During the last two decades a mass of organizations arose in Russia calling themselves professional associations, guilds, societies and unions. The task to understand who they are, whether they can and they ought to represent professional community and what are their ways of professional self-regulation became now a pressing practical problem and an interesting research task. The object of this research is mapping the field of variety of non-government organizations that claim institutional control as professional associations in order to clarify the following issues: - What are the main forms of professional associations by their qualitative characteristics - What are their actual means and feasible opportunities to achieve professional control in their field of expertise or at least influence it - What are the main limits of professional self-regulation they dispose and whether there are any alternative forms of professional regulation in certain professional areas?

State-sponsored civic associations in Russia: systemic integration or the ‘war of position’?

Which theoretical paradigm should we use to discuss the relationship between the state and civil society in Russia? Academic literature distinguishes two principal approaches to this problem: the East European political tradition, which treats the state and civil society in antagonistic terms; and the West European and Anglo-American strand, which focuses on co-operation between the two entities. A nuanced study of modern Russia indicates that there are areas of successful state–civil society co-operation, as well as intense struggles between the two entities for political and cultural hegemony. Thus, both of these approaches are reasonable, and one should not be deployed at the expense of the other.

The Russian Revolutions.

1. Editor's Introduction. 2. Bourgeois Democracy in Russia. 3. Russia's Transition to Pseudo-constitutionalism. 4. Russia's Transition to Pseudo-democracy. 5. The Russian Revolution and the Peace. Political Parties and Associations in Russia, 1905-1906. Glossary. Index.

The Role of Professional Advertising Associations in Russia

In four separate studies from May 1991 to July 1994, the author audiotaped interviews with business and industry advertising professionals, academicians and government in what is now Russia. Symbolic interactionism was the theoretical basis for analysis of the audiotapes. The analysis identified two key themes related to professional advertising associations: (1) lack of advertising industry regulation, and (2) a need for social responsibility in advertising. Findings suggest that the formation of advertising associations in Russia represents an interaction between social, economic and legislative realities in a semi-unregulated advertising industry.

Revolution from below: Informal political associations in Russia 1988–1989

Revolution from below: Informal political associations in Russia 1988–1989