Association Of Vitamin Research Articles

The Association of Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms with COVID-19 Severity.

Association studies of vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms with COVID-19 severity have produced inconsistent results in different populations. Herein we examined VDR gene polymorphisms in a Caucasian Greek cohort of COVID-19 patients. This was a case-control study in a tertiary university hospital in Greece including 137 COVID-19 patients with varying disease severities and 72 healthy individuals. In total 209 individuals were genotyped for the FokI (rs10735810), ApaI (rs7975232), TaqI (rs731236) and BsmI (rs1544410) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the VDR gene by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLPs). Statistical analyses were performed to determine the association between genotype and disease severity, adjusting for various confounding factors. Genotype distribution of the studied VDR SNPs in the control group was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The TaqI variant was differentially distributed between controls and COVID-19 patients according to the additive model (p = 0.009), and the CC genotype was significantly associated with an increased risk for severe COVID-19 according to the recessive model [OR: 2.52, 95%CI:1.2-5.29, p = 0.01]. Multivariate analysis demonstrated a robust association of COVID-19 severity and TaqI polymorphism in the recessive model even after adjusting for multiple confounders, including age, sex and CRP levels [Adj.OR:3.23, 95%CI:1.17-8.86, p = 0.023]. The distribution of FokI, ApaI and BsmI genotypes was similar between COVID-19 patients and controls. The CC genotype of TaqI polymorphism is significantly associated with an increased risk for severe COVID-19 independently of age, sex or degree of inflammation.

The relationship of vitamin D deficiency and childhood diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis

IntroductionVitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of childhood diarrhea. We aim to carry out a review and meta-analysis of the evidence relating vitamin D insufficiency to childhood diarrhea.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, and Cochrane Library (from inception to August 2022), then independently reviewed the eligibility, and read full-text reviews for selected articles. Keywords used were ‘vitamin D’, ’25-hydroxyvitamin D’, ‘vitamin D deficiency’, ‘diarrhea’, ‘gastroenteritis’, ‘children’, and ‘pediatric’. The search was limited to studies only in English and with available full-text. Year limitation was not applied in our search. Unpublished trials, dissertations, preliminary reports, conference abstracts, and repositories were excluded from the study. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used as the risk of bias assessment tool. Meta-analysis using the random-effects model was done.ResultsOut of 5,565 articles, 12 articles were included in our systematic review, however only 7 articles were eligible for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed a statistically significant association between vitamin D deficiency and diarrhea in children in developing countries (OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.15 to 2.80; p = 0.01). On the secondary outcome, the association of vitamin D deficiency and duration or recurrences of diarrhea are conflicting.ConclusionsThere is an association between vitamin D deficiency and the prevalence of diarrhea. Future studies should evaluate the causal association, the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the severity of diarrhea, and whether vitamin D deficiency treatments affects the prevalence of diarrhea.

Association of vitamin D with HIV infected individuals, TB infected individuals, and HIV-TB co-infected individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a worldwide disease. VDD is also associated with an increased risk of HIV-related comorbidities and mortality, and patients have a tendency to develop active tuberculosis compared to those with latent tuberculosis infection. Vitamin D supplementation may modulate HIV replication, improve TB inflammation and reduce progression of HIV-TB co-infection. We meta-analyzed individual participant data from cohort studies, cross-sectional study, and RCTs of vitamin D in HIV group, TB group, and HIV-TB group. The primary outcomes were differences in vitamin D level and VDD prevalence between three groups, the secondary outcomes were CD4 count, HIV viral load, time to sputum smear conversion, time to culture conversion, relapse, morality, and TB score. For vitamin D levels, the overall mean difference (MD) between HIV group and TB group was -0.21 (95% CI, -20.80-20.38; p = 0.9, I2 = 84%), HIV group and HIV-TB group was 0.87 (95% CI, -11.45-13.20; p = 0.89, I2 = 87%), and TB group and HIV-TB group was 1.17 (95% CI, -5.21-7.55; p = 0.72, I2 = 85%). For vitamin D deficiency prevalence, the overall odds ratio (OR) for HIV group versus TB group was 1.23 (95% CI, 0.46-3.31; p = 0.68; I2 = 70%), HIV group versus HIV-TB group was 1.53 (95% CI, 1.03-2.29; p = 0.04; I2 = 0%), and TB group versus HIV-TB group was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.61-1.20; p = 0.36; I2 = 22%). In HIV-TB group, the overall OR for vitamin D group versus placebo group was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.34-1.67; p = 0.52; I2 = 60%). Our findings indicated that there were no variations in vitamin D levels between three groups. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was higher in the HIV-TB group than in the HIV group. Additionally, the administration of vitamin D supplements did not have obvious impact on CD4 count and viral load. Likewise, vitamin D had no effect on time to sputum smear conversion, time to culture conversion, relapse, 12-month morality, and TB score.

The Association of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms with Vitamin D, Total IgE, and Blood Eosinophils in Patients with Atopy.

In order to improve the control of atopic diseases, it is important to clarify the pathogenesis of atopy and identify its various triggers. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) may impact atopy. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible associations between VDR SNPs and vitamin D, total IgE, and eosinophils in atopy. In total, 203 adults, including 122 patients with atopic diseases (45 with atopic dermatitis, 77 with allergic asthma) and 81 healthy controls, were involved in the study. The blood eosinophil count was determined with an automated hematology analyzer. Vitamin D and total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were evaluated using the ELISA method. Polymorphisms in the VDR gene were analyzed with real-time PCR using TaqMan probes. We analyzed six VDR single nucleotide polymorphisms and found a significant association between VDR rs731236 GG genotype and normal vitamin D levels in atopic patients and healthy subjects (OR 11.33; 95% CI: 1.049-122.388 and OR 4.04; 95% CI: 1.117-14.588, respectively, p < 0.05). Additionally, the study results revealed a significant relationship between the VDR rs2228570 GG genotype and normal vitamin D levels in patients with atopy and healthy subjects (OR 3.80; 95% CI: 1.190-12.134 and OR 2.09; 95% CI: 1.044-4.194, respectively, p < 0.05). The rs2228570 allele A was associated with decreased vitamin D levels in patients with atopy and healthy subjects (OR 0.28; 95% CI: 0.098-0.804 and OR 0.229; 95% CI: 0.069-0.761, respectively, p < 0.05). The VDR rs3847987 genotypes AA and AC were significantly associated with normal vitamin D levels in healthy subjects (OR 35.99; 95% CI: 6.401-202.446 and OR 4.72; 95% CI: 1.489-15.007, respectively, p < 0.05). In addition, a decreased amount of vitamin D was associated with atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis and allergic asthma (OR 0.49; 95% CI: 0.439-1.308 and OR 0.58; 95% CI: 0.372-0.908, respectively, p < 0.05). The rs11168293 allele T was associated with the normal range of total IgE in atopy (OR 2.366; 95% CI: 1.133-5.027; p < 0.05). Significant associations were found between VDR rs731263 allele G, rs11168293 allele G, and increased blood eosinophil levels in patients with atopy (OR 0.319; 95% CI: 0.163-0.934 and OR 0.323; 95% CI: 0.112-0.935, respectively, p < 0.05). A decreased vitamin D level showed a significant relationship with atopic diseases (atopic dermatitis and allergic asthma). The association between the VDR gene polymorphisms rs2228570, rs731236, and rs11168293 and vitamin D, total IgE, and blood eosinophils in patients with atopy suggested that VDR polymorphisms and the vitamin D level should be considered when examining the factors associated with atopy.

Association of vitamin A with gestational diabetes and thyroid disorders in pregnancy and their influence on maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and thyroid disorders during pregnancy pose significant health concerns, impacting a substantial number of mothers globally. Globally, about 14% of pregnant women develop GDM, while thyroid disorders impact approximately 2%-3%. Both conditions contribute to adverse outcomes, including gestational hypertension, excessive fetal growth, and heightened perinatal morbidity. The central focus of this literature review is to examine the relationship between vitamin A, a crucial fat-soluble micronutrient in fetal development, and the occurrence of GDM and thyroid disorders during pregnancy. The primary research question investigates the association between vitamin A, GDM, and thyroid disorders, analyzing their combined impact on maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. The review underscores the potential of vitamin A to modulate the risk and outcomes of GDM and thyroid disorders during gestation, emphasizing its role in GDM development and resolution and its influence on thyroid function in pregnancy.

Association of vitamin D deficiency with demographic, metabolic and sex hormone levels in polycystic ovarian syndrome

Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a most prevalent endocrine disorder characterized by various clinical manifestations, including menstrual irregularities, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. Severe vitamin D deficiency is more frequent in women with PCOS than in general females and has been associated with various metabolic disorders, comprising insulin resistance, blood pressure, obesity, and menstrual abnormalities. This study aimed to investigate the correlation among deficiency of vitamin D and demographic characteristics, metabolic parameters, and sex hormone levels of PCOS women from southern India. Materials and Methods: A case-control study involving 240 individuals comprised 120 women meeting the Rotterdam criteria for PCOS and 120 healthy age-matched controls. Various parameters, including anthropometric data, fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels, hormone levels, and vitamin D status, were assessed. Results: The results showed that participants with PCOS had significant increases in BMI, FBS, insulin, and HOMAIR levels. Triglyceride levels were significantly higher according to the lipid profile when compared to the control group, additional hormonal testing on PCOS patients revealed significantly higher levels of the LH: FSH ratio and testosterone. Women with PCOS showed significant low levels of 25(OH) D when compared to healthy women. Conclusion: Our findings revealed an association between low levels of 25(OH)D and the manifestation of symptoms related to metabolic syndrome in PCOS women. Therefore, vitamin D supplementation may have the potential to improve the underlying pathophysiology of PCOS.

Association of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism (FokI) with Asthma - COPD Overlap: A Cross Sectional Study

Background: Asthma- COPD) overlap ACO is a new phenotype in the world of respiratory ailments. Though it has been shown that this group of morbid patients might possess vitamin D3 deficiency, but its association with vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism has not been investigated yet. Objective: To assess the association of VDR gene polymorphism (FokI) with ACO. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, from January 2018 to July 2018 on 23 (twenty three) patients (aged ≥40 years) with ACO. For comparison, 24 (twenty four) age, smoking duration and BMI matched apparently healthy subjects were selected. For all participants single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of VDR gene FokI (rs10735810) was done by DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Results were expressed as frequency distribution in percentage and data were statistically analyzed by Graphpad prism (Version 7) using Chi-square test. In the interpretation of results, ≤0.05 level of probability (p) was accepted as significant. Results: The frequency distribution of FokI genotype was 86.95% (FF), 8.69% (Ff), 4.35% (ff) and 91.66% (FF), 4.17% (Ff), 4.17% (ff) in ACO patients and healthy subjects, respectively. However, difference between groups in regard to the frequencies in both VDR genotypes were statistically non-significant. Furthermore, the association of FokI [FF, OR 1•65 (95% Cl 0•25–10.91], p=0•6; Ff, OR 0•46 (95% Cl 0•04–5.41], p=0•53; ff, OR 0•96 (95% Cl 0•06–16.26], p=0•98;] VDR SNP with ACO was statistically non-significant. Conclusion: Results of the present study reveals that, FokI VDR SNP is not associated with ACO.

ОСТЕОПЕНИЯ КАК ПРОЯВЛЕНИЕ ИДИОПАТИЧЕСКОЙ ГИПЕРКАЛЬЦИУРИИ У ДЕТЕЙ

Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) can lead to the development of osteopenia and osteoporosis in childhood. Vitamin D and its receptor, encoded by the VDR gene, play a major role in maintaining normal calcium levels in bone tissue. The purpose of the study: to study the state of bone mineral density in children with idiopathic hypercalciuria and the association of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms with osteopenia. Materials and methods. The study included 35 children with IH aged 5 to 17 years with a history of fractures and/or decompensated caries. The children were subjected to X-ray densitometry to calculate the Z score in the lumbar spine and proximal femurs. A group of children with IH (n=20) underwent a study of the level of 25-OH vitamin D in blood plasma and a genetic study for the presence in genetic polymorphisms of the VDR gene: BsmI Polymorphism IVS10+283G&gt;A, A-3731G (Cdx2), FokI Polymorphism; Ex4+4T&gt;C. Results. A decrease in BMD was detected in 68.6% of children with IH, while 2 patients aged 15 and 17 years had signs of osteoporosis. The homozygous Ex4+4 CC genotype of the VDR (Fokl) gene was significantly more common in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria. For the remaining genotypes of the VDR enzyme gene, no statistically significant differences could be detected (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion. Idiopathic hypercalciuria in children often leads to a decrease in bone mineral density, which should be taken into account when treating children with this pathology. A genetic predictor of osteopenia in children with IH may be the carriage of the homozygous genotype (rare allele) Ex4+4 CC of whose VDR (Fokl) gene, the study can be used for early diagnosis and prevention of the development of osteoporosis.

Protective and anti-inflammatory effects of a dermocosmetic formulation containing a combination of vitamins

The exposome accelerates the skin aging process, highlighting the need to use cosmetics capable of repairing the damage and maintaining the skin's physiological conditions. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory and protective action of a dermocosmetic formulation combination of vitamins. For this, a gel-cream formulation added or not with 3% of ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate and 1% of D-panthenol was developed. The stability and sensory properties of these formulations were evaluated. In addition, a short-term clinical efficacy study of the formulations was carried out for 7 days. After this period, measurements were taken in terms of transepidermal water loss and blood microcirculation by Laser Doppler at the initial time and after the application of methyl nicotinate. The results showed that the formulations remained stable during the study period and showed pseudoplastic non-Newtonian behavior. In addition, the association of vitamins was effective in the protection of the skin against the effects of methyl nicotinate by reducing blood microcirculation, which suggests that the active substances in combination can have an anti-inflammatory and protective action on the skin barrier function.

An analytical longitudinal observational study on the association of Vitamin D insufficiency in subjects with primary (idiopathic) demyelinating optic neuritis using visual evoked potential and optical coherence tomography

Background: Optic neuritis (ON) is an acute and often immune-mediated inflammatory condition of the optic nerve. Vitamin D acts as an anti-inflammatory agent and may confer neuroprotection. Visual evoked potential (VEP) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are emerging tools for demyelinating diseases. Aims and Objectives: We tried to correlate between Vitamin D insufficiency and acute demyelinating ON using different parameters such as VEP, ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. Materials and Methods: This observational longitudinal analytical study included thirty non-consecutive patients with primary ON and 30 healthy controls. All patients with ON underwent detailed clinical and ophthalmological examination, and detailed blood workup, including serum 25 (OH) Vitamin D. VEP P100 latency, amplitude, OCT, RNFL thickness, and GCL thickness at presentation and after 3 months from May 2019 to November 2020. Results: Vitamin D insufficiency (below 30 ng/mL) was present in 60% of cases of ON. The baseline VEP showed significantly prolonged P100 latency in affected eyes in the Vitamin D insufficient group (mean 129.78±7.97 ms vs. 121.0±4.99 ms) whereas the P100 amplitude was not significantly altered between the two groups (5.5±3.13 μV vs. 7.08±3.01 μV). The baseline RNFL thickness (132.21±10.69 μm vs. 118.01±10.4 μm) and GCL thickness (76.82±2.04 μm vs. 73.06±3.2 μm) were greater in affected eyes of vitamin D insufficiency ON. There was greater RNFL thinning (79.93±3.42 μm vs. 74.80±3.5 μm) and GCL thinning (64.78±1.9μm vs. 69.02±2.22 μm) in affected eyes of ON with Vitamin D insufficiency at 3 months. Conclusion: Vitamin D insufficiency was found in most cases of ON. Insufficient Vitamin D positively correlated with optic nerve affection severity as evidenced by significantly increased baseline thickness of RNFL and GCL and more thinning of RNFL and GCL at the end of 3 months of follow-up.

Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Taif population: a case-control study.

Several reasons may underlie the dramatic increase in type2 diabetes mellitus. One of these reasons is the genetic basis and variations. Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms are associated with different diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible association of two identified mutations ApaI (rs7975232) and TaqI (rs731236). Eighty-nine healthy individuals and Fifty-six Type 2 Diabetic (T2D) patients were investigated using RFLP technique for genotyping and haplotyping as well. The distribution of Apal genotypes was not statistically significant among the control (P=0.65) as well as for diabetic patients (P=0.58). For Taql allele frequencies of T allele was 0.61 where of G allele was 0.39. The frequency distribution of Taql genotypes was not statistically significant among the control (P=0.26) as well as diabetic patients (P=0.17). Relative risk of the allele T of Apa1 gene is 1.28 and the odds ratio of the same allele is 1.53, while both estimates were < 1.0 of the allele G. Similarly, with the Taq1 gene the relative risk and the odds ratio values for the allele T are 1.09 and 1.27 respectively and both estimates of the allele C were 0.86 for the relative risk and 0.79 for the odds ratio. The pairwise linkage disequilibrium between the two SNPs Taq1/apa1 was statistically significant in control group (D = 0.218, D' = 0.925 and P value < 0.001) and similar data in diabetic groups (D = 0.2, D' = 0.875 and P value < 0.001). These data suggest that the T allele of both genes Apa1 and Taq1 is associated with the increased risk of type 2 diabetes. We think that we need a larger number of volunteers to reach a more accurate conclusion.

Vitamin D Status and its Correlation with Section Carotid Intima-media Thickness amongst Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Hospital-based Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: There is rising concern about vitamin D deficiency around the globe due to its increasing association with multiple medical disorders. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is an established risk factor for atherosclerotic disorders, and Carotid Artery IntimaMedia Thickness (CIMT) is considered a radiological marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. Aim: To find a correlation between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-(OH)-D) levels and CIMT among patients with DM. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted, including 100 adult patients with Type 2 DM who were admitted to the Department of Medicine at SCB Medical College and Hospital in Cuttack, Odisha, India from October 2020 to September 2021. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25-(OH)-D levels &lt;20 ng/mL, and insufficiency as &lt;30 ng/mL. The demographic profile of patients, family history of Type 2 DM, smoking history, blood pressure, haemogram, blood sugar, serum electrolytes, and lipid profile were studied. CIMT of the bilateral Common Carotid Artery (CCA) was measured by B-mode ultrasonography. CIMT values ≥ 0.8 mm were considered abnormal. Data were analysed using appropriate statistical tests in Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. Results: The present study included 55% males (n=55) and 45% females (n=45). The average age of the patients was 60 ±10 years, ranging from 26-75 years. Vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent among patients with Type 2 DM (73% deficient, 12.5 ng/mL; 21% insufficient, 24.7 ng/mL). Vitamin D deficiency/ insufficiency was higher among male participants (57.5%, 62%) compared to females (42.4%, 38%). Vitamin D levels were significantly associated with dyslipidemia. Mean CIMT among the vitamin D deficiency versus insufficiency versus normal group were 0.87 versus 0.87 versus 0.7 mm on the right Common Carotid Artery (CCA), and 0.95 versus 0.86 versus 0.75 mm on the left CCA, respectively. Significant negative correlations were observed for HbA1c (r=-0.025), Triglycerides (r=-0.274), right CIMT (r=-0.284), and left CIMT (r=-0.264) with serum 25-(OH)-D levels. Conclusion: The majority of patients with Type 2 DM have concurrent vitamin D deficiency. A significant inverse linear association between serum vitamin D levels and CIMT was observed, indicating the association of vitamin D deficiency with subclinical atherosclerosis. Although unproven in the present study, the role of vitamin D supplementation in the improvement of atherosclerosis remains unclear.

Association of Vitamin D Gene Receptor Polymorphism with Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women

Osteoporosis is a critical and complicated systemic musculoskeletal disorder that encompasses low bone density (LBD) and weakening of osseous tissue at a microarchitectural level. This predisposes to increased bone fragility and subsequent risk of fractures. It is frequently encountered in postmenopausal women and has also been seen in elderly men. Vitamin D synchronizes bone and calcium homeostasis in the body by modifying the transcription of target genes through the Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and thus aids calcium uptake and bone-forming proteins. The main objective of the present research was to study the relationship of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) (rs1544410 G&gt;A) of the VDR gene with postmenopausal women who have osteoporosis in a Pakistani cohort. A total of 100 postmenopausal women, 50 without osteoporosis to be in the control group, and 50 with osteoporosis as cases, were enrolled in this study. The patients had no immediate family connections with each other. All the patients underwent BMD measurements at the lumbar spine and femoral neck by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan for their diagnosis of osteoporosis based on World Health Organization (WHO) criteria (T score &lt; -2.5 SD). A total of 25 participants had at least one allele of rs1544410, of which 14 were cases and 11 controls. The number of heterozygous and homozygous were present with similar ratios in both groups (p=0.973). Age was noted to be correlated with osteoporosis (OR: 1.06; 95%CI: 1.004-1.12), (P&lt;0.031). It was also observed that cases had a notably lower weight than the control group (P&lt;0.0001) and the overall body mass index of cases was significantly low in comparison to control (P&lt;0.0001). Moreover, average BMD of femoral and BMD lumbar were notably greater among the control group (P&lt;0.0001) as compared to cases. The SNP (rs1544410) is not significantly associated with BMD but significantly correlated with age which was identified as a risk factor while body mass index was found to be a protective factor for osteoporosis

The Associations of Vitamin D with Ovarian Reserve Markers and Depression: A Narrative Literature Review.

Since the identification of vitamin D receptors in both the female reproductive tract and the central nervous system, further data have shown that vitamin D is involved in the processes of reproductive and mental health. This paper reviews current research on the associations of vitamin D with ovarian reserve markers and depression and discusses the potential role of vitamin D in their relationships. There have been numerous studies reporting that vitamin D was significantly related to ovarian reserve markers and depression in basic or clinical research, but some observational and interventional clinical studies have shown inconsistent results. Nevertheless, recent meta-analyses of interventional studies have provided promising results showing that vitamin D supplementation significantly improves ovarian reserve metrics, especially in a subgroup of women with normal or diminished ovarian reserve, and decreases depressive symptoms and risk. The demonstration of an association of vitamin D with both ovarian reserve and depression could suggest that vitamin D may be another important key in explaining female reproductive depression. Larger-scale studies in standardized settings will be needed in order to gain further insight into the role of vitamin D in female reproduction and depression.

Associations of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism with idiopathic hypercalciuria in children

Introduction. Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) is one of the most common metabolic disorders in children and can lead to the development of urolithiasis over childhood. In this regard, studying the etiology of this pathological condition will help to prevent the development of IH and reduce the risk of developing urolithiasis.&#x0D; Study purpose: to study the role of genetic polymorphisms of the VDR gene in the development of IH in children and their relatives of the first and second lines of kinship.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study included 68 people, including 35 children aged of 3 to 17 years with identified hypercalciurine and 33 first- and second-line relatives with IH and urolithiasis. A study of the level of 25-OH vitamin D in blood plasma and a genetic study for the presence of polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor gene VDR were carried out including: BsmI Polymorphism IVS10+283G&gt;A, A-3731G (Cdx2), FokI Polymorphism; Ex4+4T&gt;C. To compare the frequency of occurrence of vitamin D receptor (VDR) genotypes, samples of conditionally healthy individuals permanently residing in Kemerovo and natives of the European part of the Russian Federation were taken. At the same time, for the VDR G283A (BsmI) gene, a healthy sample consisted of 232 people from Kemerovo and 96 cases from the European part of Russia, for the VDR A-3731G gene — 269 and 243 people, and for the VDR FokI TC gene — 172 and 96 people, respectively. &#x0D; Results. Reducing the content of 25(OH)D in the blood of less than 30 ng/ml was detected in 33 (48.5%) IH children. 25 (OH)D level below 20 ng/ml was detected in 15 (22.1%) patients. In IH patients and level 25(OH)D in the blood of less than 20 ng/ml, the homozygous variant 283 GG of the VDR gene (BsmI) was found in 20% of the examined versus 51% (p = 0.028) of conditionally healthy individuals. The heterozygous genotype of 283 PA of the VDR gene (BsmI) was determined in 73.3% of IH patients versus 41.7% of conditionally healthy individuals (p = 0.027). The heterozygous Ex4+4TC genotype of the VDR Fokl gene was recorded in 66.7% of the examined IH patients and low serum vitamin D levels (&lt; 20 ng/ml) when compared with the level in conditionally healthy individuals (p = 0.030). In patients with low vitamin D levels against IH background, the proportion of the minor allele A 283 of the VDR gene (BsmI) was determined significantly more often than in healthy individuals (p = 0.044).&#x0D; Conclusion. A relationship was identified between polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor gene VDR (polymorphic marker BsmI (rs1544410) of the VDR gene 283G&gt;A; polymorphic marker Fokl (rs2228570) of the VDR gene Ex4+4T&gt;C) with IH and deficiency of 25(OH)D levels in the blood serum of children.

Associations of Vitamins and Related Cofactor Metabolites with Mammographic Breast Density in Premenopausal Women

BackgroundIdentifying biological drivers of mammographic breast density (MBD), a strong risk factor for breast cancer, could provide insight into breast cancer etiology and prevention. Studies on dietary factors and MBD have yielded conflicting results. There are, however, very limited data on the associations of dietary biomarkers and MBD. ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the associations of vitamins and related cofactor metabolites with MBD in premenopausal women. MethodsWe measured 37 vitamins and related cofactor metabolites in fasting plasma samples of 705 premenopausal women recruited during their annual screening mammogram at the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. Volpara was used to assess volumetric percent density (VPD), dense volume (DV), and nondense volume (NDV). We estimated the least square means of VPD, DV, and NDV across quartiles of each metabolite, as well as the regression coefficient of a metabolite in continuous scale from multiple covariate-adjusted linear regression. We corrected for multiple testing using the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure to control the false discover rate (FDR) at a 5% level. ResultsParticipants’ mean VPD was 10.5%. Two vitamin A metabolites (β-cryptoxanthin and carotene diol 2) were positively associated, and one vitamin E metabolite (γ-tocopherol) was inversely associated with VPD. The mean VPD increased across quartiles of β-cryptoxanthin (Q1 = 7.2%, Q2 = 7.7%, Q3 = 8.4%%, Q4 = 9.2%; P-trend = 1.77E-05, FDR P value = 1.18E-03). There was a decrease in the mean VPD across quartiles of γ-tocopherol (Q1 = 9.4%, Q2 = 8.1%, Q3 = 8.0%, Q4 = 7.8%; P -trend = 4.01E-03, FDR P value = 0.04). Seven metabolites were associated with NDV: 3 vitamin E (γ-CEHC glucuronide, δ-CEHC, and γ-tocopherol) and 1 vitamin C (gulonate) were positively associated, whereas 2 vitamin A (carotene diol 2 and β-cryptoxanthin) and 1 vitamin C (threonate) were inversely associated with NDV. No metabolite was significantly associated with DV. ConclusionWe report novel associations of vitamins and related cofactor metabolites with MBD in premenopausal women.

Association between vitamin D status and malondialdehyde in T2DM patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

The association of vitamin D with oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with peripheral neuropathy (pDPN) has not been investigated in the literature yet. In this regard, we aimed to investigate the link between vitamin D status and malondialdehyde secretion in T2DM with pDPN. We included the T2DM patients with and without pDPN from a main tertiary medical diabetic center in Duhok City in this case-control investigation from September 2021 to March 2022. The patients aged between 40 and 70 years old. The patients were diagnosed based on the American Diabetes Association criteria. The T2DM patients with pDPN had a significantly lower level of vitamin D (12.10 ng/ml vs. 16.86 ng/ml; P=0.0013.) compared to the patients without compilations, respectively. The T2DM patients with pDPN had a significantly higher prevalence of severe deficiency (45.83% vs. 16.67%), while the patients without compilations had a significantly higher prevalence of deficient vitamin D (50.0% vs. 37.50%; P=0.0053). Moreover, the T2DM patients with pDPN had a significantly higher concentration of MDA compared to the T2DM patients without complications (30.55 nmol/ml vs. 16.6 nmol/ml; P=0.0098). The study did not find a significant correlation between MDA and vitamin D levels in T2DM patients with pDPN. This study showed that a higher concentration of MDA was not associated with lower vitamin D levels in T2DM patients with pDPN.

The Association of Vitamin D with Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Risk: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.

Background and Objectives: Previous studies revealed the anti-angiogenic, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory effects of Vitamin D (VitD) on cancer cells. Although this body of evidence supported the correlation of high VitD levels with reduced incidence rates for various malignancies, contradictory results were reported regarding non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). The aim of this overview was to summarize the available evidence from the existing pool of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, focusing on VitD serum status, dietary intake, and VitD receptor (VDR) polymorphisms in correlation to NMSC incidence. Materials and Methods: A literature search in electronic databases was conducted from inception to January 2023. The inclusion criteria were systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in peer-reviewed journals, evaluating VitD serum levels, dietary and/or supplementary intake, or VDR gene polymorphisms, and reporting data on NMSC. Results: A total of 10 studies were included in the data analysis models. A positive association between VitD serum levels and NMSC is highlighted. However, dietary/supplementation of VitD does not exhibit a likewise strong linkage to NMSC. Despite the contradictory findings, VDR polymorphisms may play a crucial role in the intricate NMSC pathogenesis. Conclusions: This umbrella review shows that high VitD levels are associated with increased NMSC incidence, potentially due to its direct correlation with increased sun exposure. Further research on VDR polymorphisms is suggested to explore their true effect size on NMSC risk.

The Associations of Vitamin D Level with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components Among Adult Population: Evidence from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018.

Background and Purpose: Vitamin D can both stimulate and inhibit adipogenesis, indicating that associations of the vitamin D level with some metabolic disorders may be nonlinear. This cross-sectional study aims to explore potential nonlinear associations of the 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] level with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. Methods: Adults without previously diagnosed specific noncommunicable disease were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018 (n = 870). Their demographic, physical, and laboratory data were obtained. The associations of serum 25(OH)D with MetS and its components were analyzed using logistic regression. Restricted cubic spline was applied to flexibly model the nonlinear association if the nonlinearity test was statistically significant. Results: The 25(OH)D level was inversely associated with risk of MetS [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.986; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.978-0.993] and most MetS components, but not with the risk of raised triglycerides (adjusted OR = 0.996; 95% CI = 0.988-1.005). The association of serum 25(OH)D with central obesity risk was significantly nonlinear (P for the nonlinearity test: 0.037). The OR for risk of central obesity decreased rapidly with increase in serum 25(OH)D concentration until the concentration reached 50 nmol/L, and then, the intensity of decrease in OR slowed down. Conclusions: Vitamin D is inversely associated with MetS, but not all MetS components. A nonlinear association between the vitamin D level and risk of central obesity has been found for the first time among the adult population, which reflects the complex roles of vitamin D in lipid metabolism. Although vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/L) was defined to avoid abnormal calcium and phosphorus metabolism, preventing its deficiency may also be beneficial for reduction of central obesity risk.

Prevalance and associations of vitamin d deficiency among patients at surgical intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital

Prevalance and associations of vitamin d deficiency among patients at surgical intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital