Association Of Interleukin Research Articles

Interaction of tobacco chewing and smoking habit with interleukin 6 promoter polymorphism in oral precancerous lesions and oral cancer.

Our study aims to determine the influence of smoking or tobacco chewing and the association of Interleukin 6 (IL-6) polymorphism, where G is substituted by A at the position - 596 (IL-6 - 596 G/A) and substitution of G by cytosine (C) at position - 572 (IL-6 - 572 G/C) on the susceptibility of precancerous oral lesions and oral cancer. The participants consisted of 250 subjects among which 75 were suffering from oral cancer, 75 subjects with precancerous oral lesions and 100 were healthy controls. Single-nucleotide polymorphism study (SNP) was done by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). IL-6 - 596 G/A SNP revealed genotypes, GG, and GA in subjects with precancerous oral lesions and oral cancer, and AA genotype was not found in any subject. IL-6 - 596 G/A was strongly associated with oral precancerous lesions but not with oral cancer. The present study reports that smokers carrying GA for IL-6 - 596 G/A were at several folds higher risk of developing oral precancerous lesions. Smokers with GC and CC for IL-6 - 572 G/C were at higher risk of developing oral precancerous lesions. No significant interaction was observed between these habits and IL-6 - 596 G/A and IL-6 - 572 G/C SNP with oral cancer. The interaction of variant A allele of IL-6 - 596 G/A and C allele of IL-6 - 572 G/C polymorphism with smoking and increases the risk of oral precancerous lesions. Tobacco chewing was not related with IL-6 - 596 G/A or IL-6 - 572 G/C in oral precancerous lesions or oral cancer. The study will help to determine the susceptibility of individuals with smoking or chewing habits to the development of oral precancerous lesion and oral cancer by monitoring the IL-6 SNPs which can be used as a biomarker for risk determination.

The Association between Interleukin-6 and Mean Platelet Volume Levels in Central Obesity with or without Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background: Obesity had become a global problem today. Obesity is a significant risk factor of cardiovascular and other metabolic diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It remains unclear if the increased mean platelet volume (MPV) at the steatosis state is practicable as early detection of the occurrence of fatty liver in individuals with central obesity. This study aims to determine the association of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and MPV levels in central obesity with or without NAFLD.Method: This study was descriptive-analytic with a cross-sectional approach conducted in Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Manado general hospital from May to July 2018. Consecutive sampling was performed based on inclusion criteria, then IL-6, MPV, and abdominal ultrasound examinations were performed.Results: This study included 40 samples of men with central obesity, 28 people (70%) among them were diagnosed with NAFLD. The Fisher exact test showed an association between NAFLD and an increase in IL-6 (p = 0.039), also between MPV and NAFLD (p=0.015). Pearson correlation test showed there was no significant correlation between IL-6 and MPV in the NAFLD sample group (p = 0.084; r -0.332) and in the non-NAFLD sample group (p = 0.564; r -0.186).Conclusion: Elevated MPV and IL-6 values may be used as marker for NAFLD presence among central obesity patients.

The association of interleukin-6 (−174 G/C) polymorphism with risk of chronic kidney disease and erythropoietin hyporesponsiveness

Introduction: The plasma levels of the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been reported to be associated with risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and erythropoietin (EPO) responsiveness. The G/C promoter polymorphism of IL-6 is associated with expression and levels of IL-6, so it may confer increased risk to CKD and modulate EPO responsiveness. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association of IL-6 G/C polymorphism with risk of CKD and EPO hyporesponsiveness. Patients and Methods: A total of 40 haemodialysis patients on EPO therapy, and 30 age- and sexmatched apparently healthy volunteers as a control group were recruited for this study. Blood samples were collected from each participant and used for complete blood count (CBC) using automated haematology analyser and molecular analysis of IL-6 -174 G/C polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: The results showed that IL-6 GG genotype is the most frequent in patients (82.5%) followed by GC genotype (17.5%), while all subjects of the control group were found to have GG genotype only. There was a statistically significant association between the polymorphism and end-stage CKD (P=0.02). Only 10% of the patients were found to achieve the target haemoglobin level. Although all of them had GG genotype, no association was found between the polymorphism and the achievement of target haemoglobin level (P=0.16). Conclusion: IL-6 G/C polymorphism is significantly associated with CKD, but not with EPO responsiveness in haemodialysis patients.

Interleukin 4 gene polymorphism (\u2212589C/T) and the risk of asthma: a meta-analysis and met-regression based on 55 studies

BackgroundNumerous investigations have previously evaluated the association of interleukin (IL) 4 gene polymorphisms and the risk of asthma, conferring inconsistent results. To resolve the incongruent outcomes yielded from different single studies, we conducted the most up-to-date meta-analysis of IL4 gene −589C/T (rs2243250) polymorphism and susceptibility to asthma.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed in ISI web of science, Scopus, Medline/PubMed databases prior to September 2020, and the pooled odds ratio (OR) and their corresponding 95% CI were calculated to determine the association strength.ResultsLiterature search led to retrieving of 49 publications (55 case-control studies) containing 9572 cases and 9881 controls. It was revealed that IL4 gene −589C/T polymorphism increased the risk of asthma across all genetic models, including dominant model (OR = 1.22), recessive model (OR = 1.17), allelic model (OR = 1.21), and TT vs. CC model (OR = 1.34), but not the CT vs. TT model. The subgroup analysis by age indicated that IL4 gene -589C/T polymorphism was significantly associated with asthma risk in both pediatrics and adults. Additionally, the subgroup analysis by ethnicity revealed significant association in Asian, American, and Europeans. Finally, subgroup analysis by East Asian and non-East Asian populations indicated significant associations.ConclusionsThe current meta-analysis revealed that IL4 gene -589C/T polymorphism was a susceptibility risk in both pediatrics and adults in the whole and different ethnic groups.

Association of Interleukin 7 Immunotherapy With Lymphocyte Counts Among Patients With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Cytokine storm–mediated organ injury continues to dominate current thinking as the primary mechanism for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although there is an initial hyper-inflammatory phase, mounting evidence suggests that virus-induced defective host immunity may be the real cause of death in many patients.1,2 COVID-19 has been called a serial lymphocyte killer because profound and protracted lymphopenia is a near uniform finding among patients with severe COVID-19 and correlates with morbidity and mortality.1,3 Autopsies demonstrate a devastating depletion of lymphocytes in the spleen and other organs.2 CD4, CD8, and natural killer cells, which play important antiviral roles, are depleted and have reduced function, leading to immune collapse.1 Clinical and pathological findings in patients with COVID-19 indicate that immunosuppression is a critical determinant of outcomes. Secondary hospital-acquired infections occur in 50% of patients who die.1 Cell inclusion bodies, consistent with viral persistence, have been found in lungs, kidneys, and other organs.1,2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction has revealed viral load in the lungs of most patients at autopsy, consistent with an inability to eliminate the pathogen.1,2 Collectively, these studies indicate that impaired immune competence is an important pathogenic mechanism in COVID-19. Interleukin 7 (IL-7) is a pleiotropic cytokine essential for lymphocyte survival and expansion.4,5 Administration of IL-7 invariably increases circulating and tissue lymphocytes and has been administered to more than 450 patients with an excellent safety profile.4,5 IL-7 is currently in multiple randomized clinical trials for oncologic and infectious disorders, and a trial in the United Kingdom is evaluating its use among patients with severe COVID-19. Importantly, IL-7 has documented efficacy as an antiviral agent.4,5 IL-7 therapy has been shown to restore lymphocyte counts and functional activity, leading to decreased viral load and clinical improvement in several life-threating viral infections.4,5 It has been shown to increase CD4 and CD8 T-cells 3-fold, to improve T-cell activation, to not increase proinflammatory cytokines, and to be well tolerated in patients with bacterial sepsis.6 Thus, a compelling scientific rationale exists for examining whether IL-7 is associated with restored host protective immunity in patients with COVID-19 and immunosuppression and improve outcomes.1

Association of interleukin 2, interleukin 12, and interferon-\u03b3 with intervertebral disc degeneration in Iranian population

BackgroundIntervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is an age-related degenerative disease, presenting with low back pain or radicular pain. The inflammatory changes would occur in discs in the process of IVDD. Therefore, the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as their respective genes, have been proposed to play roles in pathophysiology of disease. This study has been conducted to elucidate the role of IL-2, IL-12, and IFN-γ single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in this disease.MethodSeventy-six patients who were diagnosed with IVDD and 140 healthy controls who complied with eligibility criteria were included. A total volume of 5 cc peripheral blood was obtained from each participant to investigate the IL-2 + 166G/T, IL-2 -330G/T, IL-12 − 1188A/C, and IFN-γ +847A/T SNPs through PCR-SSP method.ResultsThe ‘TG’ and ‘TT’ genotypes of IL-2 − 330G/T polymorphism were significantly more common among patients and healthy controls respectively. The ‘GT’ and ‘TT’ haplotypes of IL-2 (comprised of -330G/T, and + 166G/T SNPs) were also more common among patients and controls respectively.ConclusionThis study indicated the significant role of IL-2 genotypes and haplotypes in IVDD. These SNPs were differently distributed in patients and controls. Therefore, alteration in the structure of IL-2 gene could play an important role in pathophysiology of IVDD.

The association of interleukin 6 single nucleotide polymorphism with the susceptibility of Egyptians to HCV infection

The association of interleukin 6 single nucleotide polymorphism with the susceptibility of Egyptians to HCV infection

Association of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α with mortality in hospitalized patients with cancer

Severecutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) are associated with high morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. Early identification and treatment of SCARs may improve outcomes. To identify biomarkers to predict outcomes in hospitalized patients with cancer who developed SCARs. Retrospective review of 144 hospitalized patients with cancer with a morbilliform rash, recorded testing for serum cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) or elafin, and a dermatology consultation. Rashes were categorized as simple morbilliform rash without systemic involvement or complex morbilliform rash with systemic involvement. Fifty-four of 144 (37.5%) patients died during follow-up. Elevated levels of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α were associated with decreased survival. Overall survivals in patients with elevated levels of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α were 53.7%, 56.6%, 53.6%, respectively, compared with 85.7%, 82.5% and 83.6%, respectively, in those with lower levels. Patients with increased levels of both IL-6 and TNF-α had a nearly 6-fold increase in mortality (hazard ratio, 5.82) compared with patients with lower levels. Retrospective design, limited sample size, and high-risk population. Hospitalized patients with cancer with rash and elevated IL-6 and TNF-α were nearly 6 times more likely to die over the course of follow-up. These biomarkers may serve as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for this high-risk population.

Association of Interleukin 6 (IL6) and 8(IL8) among Women with Spontaneous Abortion in Khartoum State 2018

Background: Interleukin 6 and Inetrleukin 8 are secreted by macrophage and have been shown to exert deleterious effects on pregnancy, inhibiting fetal growth and development. Possible immunologic causes of spontaneous miscarriages have been extensively researched. The change in the cytokines balance synthesis in favor of those synthesized by macrophage cells with an increase of interleukin 6 and interleukin8 secretion is considered essential for maintaining a normal pregnancy. Aim: To determine the level of cytokines (interleukin6 and interleukin8 ) in pregnant and aborted women to assess the role of cytokines (IL 6 and IL8 ) as a factor to predict the outcome of pregnancy and To compare between serum interleukin 6 and 8 in women with spontaneous abortion and pregnant women. Method: This across sectional study tested using Five ml of venus blood were collected from patients with abortion and healthy pregnant and non-pregnant control in plain container. All samples were centrifugated at 3000 rpm for 5 minutes and seperated sera were collected in sterile tubes. Serum was treated according to uniform standards and stored at – 20 refrigerators until analysed. Serum IL 6 and IL8 were determined by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) .All samples were run according to manufacturer instructions (Human IL, Bio legend, USA) with linearity range 0.94- 60.0 pg/ml. Results: There is a highly significant increase of control of pregnant women (P<0.01) in concentration of IL6 (6.8 ±5.1)pg/ml in compare to aborted women in different trimesters of pregnancy. Whereas healthy control non pregnant women show highly significant decrease in concentration (1.6 ±0.65)pg/ml compared to abortion patients. The results of this study showed there was a highly significant increased (P<0.01) concentration of IL-8 (26.5 ±13.1) pg/ml in serum of aborted women in trimesters of pregnancy,compared with control group of non-pregnant women which were(6.9 ±0.93) while control group of pregnant women show slightly significance increased(P<0.01) concentration (31.1 ±14.1)pg/ml compared with aborted women. Conclusion: The serum level of interleukin 6 and 8 was significantly higher in pregnant women as compared to aborted women .The serum level of interleukin6 and 8 in aborted women was significantly higher as compared to non-pregnant women. The results indicated there is no clarify association between cytokines (IL6 and IL8) and abortion.

A potential inflammatory role of IL-31 in psoriatic arthritis: A correlation with Th17 cytokine profile.

The goals of our study were to determine the possible association of interleukin (IL)-31 with Th17 cytokine profile in serum and to quantify retinoic acid-related orphan receptor C (RORC) mRNA expression in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 50 patients with PsA and 30 control subjects (CS) matched by age and gender. The cytokine serum levels were quantified by magnetic bead–based assay using the Bio-Plex MAGPIX system, and RORC mRNA expression was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). As a result, significant differences in IL-31 were observed between study groups (77.23 pg/mL in PsA vs 64.4 pg/mL in CS, P < 0.001) and Th17 cytokine profile serum levels (IL-17A: 6.36 pg/mL in PsA vs 2.97 pg/mL in CS, P = 0.02; IL-17F: 44.15 pg/mL in PsA vs 23.36 pg/mL in PsA, P = 0.01; IL-17E: 3.03 pg/mL in PsA vs 0.82 pg/mL in CS, P < 0.001; IL-21: 36.45 pg/mL in PsA vs 12.44 pg/mL in CS, P = 0.02); however, significant differences were not observed for IL-23 (31.2 pg/mL in PsA vs 53.26 pg/mL in CS, P = 0.58). Furthermore, positive correlations between IL-31 and Th17 cytokine profile serum levels were found (IL-17A: rs = 0.64, P < 0.001; IL-17F: rs = 0.73, P < 0.001; IL-17E: rs = 0.70, P < 0.001; IL-21: rs = 0.54, P = 0.002; IL-23: rs = 0.5, P < 0.01). Regarding RORC gene expression, the PsA group showed an increase of 6.85-fold compared to the CS group. We did not find any association between the serum levels of cytokines and RORC gene expression. In conclusion, in PsA, there are increased serum levels of IL-31, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-17E, and IL-21, but not IL-23. Moreover, there was a positive correlation of IL-31 with the Th17 cytokine profile and a high RORC gene expression. Altogether, these findings suggest a proinflammatory contribution of IL-31 in close association with the Th17 cytokine profile in PsA.

1132: Association of interleukin-6 and obesity across pregnancy

There is evidence that obesity is associated with a state of chronic inflammation. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an inflammatory mediator that has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. IL-6 levels are elevated in non-pregnant obese individuals. The association between IL-6 and obesity in pregnancy has not been well established. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between obesity and IL-6 in pregnancy across gestation. A prospective cohort study of 744 pregnant women was conducted from 2013-2015 at four US sites. Participants were ≥ 18 years old with a singleton pregnancy, English speaking without fetal anomalies or steroid use. Women with recent infection, fever, or antibiotic treatment were excluded. Participants had two blood draws during pregnancy, first between 12w0d-20w6d gestation and second between 32w0d-35w6d gestation. Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) was obtained by self-report. Linear regression was used to model associations between BMI category and percent change in serum IL-6 across study visits. Models were adjusted for maternal age, parity, race, education, time between study visits, gestational age at first study visit, smoking, and study site. Among the 744 participants, 72.8% (n=545) completed both blood draws and had complete covariate information. The mean log-transformed IL-6 levels at the initial study visit were 0.16±0.08, 0.20±0.08, and 0.25±0.09 among normal weight, overweight, and obese subjects, respectively (p< 0.01). IL-6 levels generally increased across gestation in all weight categories, however obese and overweight women had a significantly lower percent change across gestation (Table 1, Figure 1). IL-6 levels are elevated in obese and overweight pregnant women compared to their normal weight counterparts. However, across gestation women with normal pre-pregnancy BMIs experience greater percent change in IL-6 levels. Future work should evaluate how change in inflammation across pregnancy mediates the relationship between obesity and adverse outcomes.View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT)

Expression of micro-RNAs miR-31, miR-146a, miR-181c and miR-155 and their target gene IL-2 are altered in schizophrenia: a case-control study

Background:Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder with a heterogeneous clinical phenotype. The association of interleukins and other cytokines and their receptors with schizophrenia has been previously reported. Additionally, a number of studies have reported altered mico-RNA (miRNA) expression in schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. The aim of our study was to explore the possible association of miR-31, miR-146a, miR-181c and miR-155 with schizophrenia pathogenesis, as well as their link toIL2gene expression in disease.Methods: For this case-control study, 225 patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 225 sex- and age-matched controls with no family history of schizophrenia were recruited. The expression of studied miRNAs and theIL2gene was measured using qPCR. DNA samples of all patients and controls were genotyped forIL2rs2069778 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) using PCR with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP). Statistical analyses include the Mann-Whitney U-test and Fischer’s exact test.Results: All studied miRNAs were over-expressed in schizophrenic patientsIL2gene expression was down-regulated in schizophrenic patients. TheIL2rs2069778 SNP is not associated with schizophrenia but regulates expression of theIL2 gene.Conclusions: Over-expression of studied miRNAs and down-regulation ofIL2gene expression may be considered as genetic risk factors for chronic schizophrenia. Abnormalities in studied miRNA expressions result in the deregulation of the T-cell receptor signaling pathway in schizophrenia.

Association of Interleukin-6 -174G/C Polymorphism with the Risk of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis.

Previous studies reported the association between interleukin-6 (IL-6) -174G/C gene polymorphism and the risk of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DN). However, the results remain controversial. In the present study, we conducted a meta-analysis to further examine this relationship between IL-6-174G/C gene polymorphism and T2DN. Three databases (PubMed, SinoMed and ISI Web of Science) were used to search clinical case-control studies about IL-6-174G/C polymorphism and T2DN published until Apr. 14, 2018. Fixed- or random-effects models were used to calculate the effect sizes of odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Moreover, subgroup analysis was performed in terms of the excretion rate of albuminuria. All the statistical analyses were conducted using Stata 12.0. A total of 11 case-control studies were included in this study, involving 1203 cases of T2DN and 1571 cases of T2DM without DN. Meta-analysis showed that there was an association between IL-6-174G/C polymorphism and increased risk of T2DN under the allelic and recessive genetic models (G vs. C: OR=1.10, 95%CI 1.03-1.18, P=0.006; GG vs. CC+GC: OR=1.11, 95%CI 1.02-1.21 P=0.016). In the subgroup analysis by albuminuria, a significant association of IL-6-174G/C polymorphism with risk of T2DN was noted in the microalbuminuria group under the recessive model (OR=1.54, 95% CI 1.02-2.32, _P=0.038). In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests that IL-6-174G/C gene polymorphism is associated with the risk of T2DN.

Abstract P172: Association of Interleukin 6 With Hypertension in HIV Positive Participants in the Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Treatment (START) Trial

Introduction: The association between hypertension (HTN) and inflammation [e.g., estimated via interleukin 6 (IL-6)] in HIV positive persons who have a CD4+ count greater than 500 cells/mm 3 has not been well established. Methods: We studied HTN in the START trial, a randomized study of immediate vs. deferred antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-positive adults who were ART naïve and had a CD4+ count greater than 500 cells/mm 3 . Our analysis included 4249 of the 4,684 HIV positive persons enrolled in START who had no history of cardiovascular disease and had IL-6 measured at baseline. HTN (prevalence at baseline or incidence) was defined as having a systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg, or a diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg, or use of BP-lowering therapy. Logistic regression and discrete Cox proportional hazard models were used to test the association between IL-6 and HTN prevalence and incidence. Sensitivity analysis were used to test the association between systolic and diastolic BP and IL-6 levels. Results: HTN was prevalent in 18.9% of the cohort at entry. The median age of participants was 36 years, 27% were female, median CD4 + cell count at entry was 651 cells/mm 3 and median HIV RNA level was 13090 copies/mL. In univariate analysis, HTN was significantly associated with higher IL-6 levels at baseline [OR per doubling of IL-6:1.28, 95%CI (1.18, 1.39)]. This association was attenuated and no longer significant after adjusting for race, age, gender, BMI, diabetes, smoking, RNA and CD4+ levels [OR per doubling of IL-6:1.10, 95%CI (0.99, 1.20)]. The reduced OR was primarily due BMI and age, both which were strongly related to HTN. Overall incidence of HTN was 6.9 cases per 100 person year. Baseline IL-6 was not associated with risk of incident HTN in the crude and fully adjusted model [HR per doubling of IL-6:0.98, 95%CI (0.90, 1.10) in adjusted analysis]. This association did not differ by treatment group (p for interaction=0.21). Risk factors such as age, black race, BMI, and male gender were associated with incident HTN. Continuous systolic and diastolic BP were not significantly associated with IL-6 at baseline or in follow-up analyses. Conclusions: IL-6 was not associated with HTN in HIV positive participants with CD4+ counts greater than 500 cells/mm 3 after adjusting for factors known to be associated with HTN and inflammation. Furthermore, baseline IL-6 level was not associated with incident HTN, nor with continuous BP measures. Rather, HTN development was associated with traditional risk factors such as age, race, gender and BMI.

The influence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of interleukin-1\u03b2 -511 and +3954 on the susceptibility to Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis in Egyptian women: immune-endocrine interactions

BackgroundHashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Cytokines play a crucial role in modulating immune responses that affect the balance between maintenance of self-tolerance and initiation of autoimmunity. Thus, we aimed to explore the possible associations of interleukin (IL-1β) –511C/T (rs 16944) and IL-1β +3954C/T (rs1143634) gene polymorphisms with susceptibility of HT, and to clarify the impact of these polymorphisms on thyroid function of Egyptian women.Patients and methodsPolymorphisms of the IL-1β –511 and IL-1β +3954 genes were assessed in a case–control study comprising 110 HT patients and 90 controls. Genetic variants were genotyped by multiplex PCR. Polymorphisms of the IL-1β were studied by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.ResultsOur results revealed that the IL-1β –511 CT genotype distribution was significantly higher in HT patients than in controls. With regard to IL-1β +3954 gene polymorphisms, our results showed that there was a nonsignificant difference between the control and HT groups. Women carrying TT and CT genotype of IL-1β –511 had significantly higher values of C-reactive protein, thyroid-stimulating hormone, anti-thyroid peroxidase, and anti-thyroglobulin. As regards the IL-1β serum level, women carrying TT and TC genotype of IL-1β –511 had significantly higher values compared with patients carrying the CC genotype. Moreover, anti-thyroglobulin and free thyroxine were the only independently correlated factors with IL-1β serum level by linear regression analysis.ConclusionCT genotype distribution was significantly higher in patients with HT than in controls with regard to IL-1β –511 (C>T) gene polymorphisms.

Association of Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-1 Family Gene Polymorphisms in Autoimmune Hepatitis

Introduction and aim. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an immune-mediated destruction of liver cells, in recognition of interface hepatitis, seropositivity for autoantibodies, and interface hepatitis in histology sections. Hepatocyte destruction in AIH is the direct result of CD4+ T-cell destruction. Yet, Th17 mediated immune attach and a diversity of cytokine networks, including pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin 1 (IL-1) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6), set the stage for the destructive liver damage.Material and method. Peripheral blood samples from 57 patients, with AIH, recruited from referrals to the main pediatric hospital in Tehran. Single nucleotide polymorphisms for the following cytokines genes, were evaluated through, polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) assay: IL-1a (C/T -889), IL-Ια (C/T -511), IL-1 β (C/T +3962), IL-1 receptor (IL-1R; C/T Pst-I 1970), IL-1RA (C/T Mspa-I 11100), and IL-6 (C/G -174 and A/G nt565).Results. Significant higher frequency of genotype AA was detected in patients in IL-6 at position nt565 (15.8% in AIH patients vs. 2.9% in controls, p = 0.003). The haplotype GA of IL-6 at -174 and nt565, was significantly overrepresented in the AIH group, compared to (20.9% of AIH vs. 1.4% in controls p < 0.0001).Conclusion. Results of our study, indicate significant deviation toward high yield IL-6 polymorphisms, in AIH patients. These data could bring new insights in pathophysiology of disease, which could contribute to developing novel treatments for AIH.

Significant association of IL-6-572G/C, IL-6-597G/A, and IL-6-174G/C polymorphisms and susceptibility to lumbar degenerative disease: A meta-analysis

ObjectivesTo assess and synthesize the current evidence on the association of interleukin-6 (IL-6)-572 G/C, IL-6-597 G/A, and IL-6-174 G/C polymorphisms and risk of lumbar degenerative disease (LDD). Patients and methodsFive electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang were systematically searched for potential studies previous to August 10, 2018. Summary odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated to evaluate the association. ResultsNine case-control studies comprising 1519 cases and 1887 controls were obtained for the meta-analysis. For IL-6-572 G/C, IL-6-597 G/A, and IL-6-174 G/C polymorphisms, there were seven, six, and seven studies eventually included in the meta-analysis respectively. The findings indicated that the three polymorphisms had significant associations with risk of LDD: for IL-6-572 G/C, G vs. C, OR = 1.37, 95%CI 1.11–1.69, P = 0.004; for IL-6-597 G/A, G vs. A, OR = 1.38, 95 %CI 1.16–1.65, P = 0.000; for IL-6-174 G/C, G vs. C, OR = 1.63, 95%CI 1.15–2.29, P = 0.006. ConclusionThe present meta-analysis found IL-6-572 G/C, IL-6-597 G/A, and IL-6-174 G/C polymorphisms were significantly associated with increased risk of LDD susceptibility.

Association of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 expression, gene polymorphisms, and Takayasu arteritis in a Chinese Han population.

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 are important cytokines involved in the immune response of TA in some ethnicities. We investigated whether the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of IL-6 and IL-10 genes and their expressions were associated with TA in a Chinese Han population. One hundred eighty-four TA patients and 235 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. DNA and RNA were extracted from peripheral blood cells. Genotyping of IL-6 and -10 was performed using polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction (PCR-LDR). The mRNA levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were semi-quantified using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). Plasma levels of them were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA levels of IL-6 in active phase of TA were higher than those in stable phase (p = 0.015); the IL-10 in active phase was lower compared with stable phase (p = 0.046). Plasma levels of IL-6 in TA were higher than those in HC (p = 0.024). Plasma levels of IL-10 showed no difference between the two groups (p = 0.264). Plasma levels of IL-6 in active phase were increased than those in stable phase (p = 0.043) while those of IL-10 were decreased in active phase (p = 0.041). We found no significant differences between TA and HC in the frequency of any of the variations in the SNPs of IL-6 and IL-10 genes. The expression levels of both cytokines were associated with the disease status, indicating that they may serve as potential biomarkers for monitoring disease activity.

Association of interleukin 6, interleukin 7 receptor alpha, and interleukin 12B gene polymorphisms with multiple sclerosis.

Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines have been shown to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). We investigated the association between interleukin (IL) IL6-174 G/C (rs1800795), IL7RA C/T (rs6897932), and IL-12B A1188C (rs3212227) gene polymorphisms (SNPs) and MS. The study consisted of 297 unrelated MS patients and 135 healthy individuals. In IL6-174G/C (rs1800795), a significant association between the C allele and MS risk [OR 1.41, 95% CI (1.05-1.92); P = 0.025] was found. Carriage of genotypes CC and CG were more common in MS patients [OR 1.58, 95% CI (1.04-2.39); P = 0.031] and also in female MS patients [OR 1.68, 95% CI (1.02-2.79); P = 0.043]. However, after applying Bonferroni's correction the differences did not remain significant. No significant association between the IL7RA C/T (rs6897932) and IL12B A1188C (rs3212227) gene polymorphisms and MS susceptibility was observed. Regarding IL-12B A1188C (rs3212227), a significant association between the CC genotype and MS progression, expressed as MSSS, was demonstrated in the female MS group. Our results indicate that the distribution of IL6-174G/C (rs1800795) SNP was marginally associated with MS susceptibility. We also showed that IL-12B A1188C (rs3212227) can contribute to the progression of the disease in the Czech population.

Association of interleukin 1 gene polymorphism with intervertebral disc degeneration risk in the Chinese Han population.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a major pathological process implicated in low back pain and is a prerequisite to disk herniation. Interleukin-1 α (IL-1α) was thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of disc degeneration by increasing the production of extracellular matrix degradation enzymes and by inhibiting extracellular matrix synthesis. IL-1α may provide insight about the etiology of IDD. We performed a hospital-based case–control study involving 200 IDD patients and 200 controls in the Chinese Han population. Genotyping was performed using a custom-by-design 48-Plex single nucleotide polymorphism Scan™ Kit. Our study indicated that IL-1α -899C/T polymorphism could increase the risk of IDD under the homozygous, recessive, and allelic models. Subsequently, we validated this significant association by a meta-analysis. Stratification analysis of ethnicity in this meta-analysis also obtained a significant association among Asians and Caucasians. In conclusion, the present study finds that IL-1α -899C/T polymorphism is associated with the risk of IDD. Larger studies with more diverse ethnic populations are needed to confirm these results.