Character Association Research Articles

Assessment of genetic variability, character association and path analysis of kernel yield and yield components in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

The present study was carried out in the Department of Oilseeds, during rabi, 2021 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore to study the genetic variability, correlation and path analysis using thirty promising genotypes of groundnut.   Kernel yield and its component characters were recorded. The magnitude of PCV and GCV values were higher for the characters viz., number of branches, total biomass, 100 kernel weight, leaf area ratio and leaf area index. Total number of branches, total biomass and 100 kernel weight exhibited high heritability and high genetic advance as per cent of mean. Kernel yield showed significant positive association with pod yield, mature pods, number of pods and shelling percentage. The importance of these characters was also confirmed through path analysis, as they had direct implications on kernel yield. As a result, selection based on these traits will result in increased kernel yield in groundnut.  Keywords: Groundnut, genetic variability, correlation, path analysis, kernel yield.

Genetic variability, character association and path coefficient analysis in determinate F5 progenies of Indian bean [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet

The experiment was carried out to determine the genetic variability parameters and character associations for eleven quantitative traits in Indian bean genotypes. It revealed a significant amount of variability present among these genotypes. Seed yield per plant had high Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) values, showing the potential for improvement by selection. Racemes per plant, pods per raceme, pods per plant, and pod weight had moderate GCV and PCV values. There was high heritability combined with a high genetic advance for pod weight and seed yield per plant. Plant height, pods per plant, and pod weight were significantly and positively associated with seed yield per plant. Pods per plant had the most positive direct effect on seed yield per plant, followed by racemes per plant, plant height, pod weight, pod length, and seeds per pod. Therefore, selection for such traits is advised to bring about improvement in Indian beans. Keywords: Variability, Heritability, Correlation, Path analysis, Dolichos bean, Indian bean

Character association and path analysis for yield and Yeild contributing traits in greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek

Greengram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) 2n= 2x = 22 is cultivated on a large scale in several parts of the world which is the third most valuable pulse crop. Pulses are the primary resource of protein to meet up the nutritional requirement of the world. The most important objective in any crop improvement programme is to increase the seed yield through development of high yielding varieties with resistance to pest and diseases. Thus during the course of Rabi 2021-2022, an experiment was put through to determine correlation and path analysis between yield and its components of Greengram. A total of 189 F3 progenies derived from the cross VBN2 x V2802BG along with parents and checks were utilized for the study and observed for nine quantitative characters viz., days to 50% flowering, plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length (cm), number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight (g) and seed yield per plant (g). The results illustrated that pods per plant (0.969), clusters per plant (0.828), plant height (0.570) witnessed positive correlation coefficient with seed yield per plant which is highly significant. Pods per plant followed by plant height expressed highest positive direct effect on seed yield which is disclosed by path coefficient analysis. Thus while designing a breeding strategy foremost significance has to be given to these attributes to enhance the seed yield in greengram.

Character association and identification of trait specific introgression in restorer lines of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

The study was carried out involving 40 MAGIC crosses of sunflower restorer lines along with 10 parental checks during rabi, 2020 grown in augmented block design with four blocks at MARS, UAS Raichur with an objective of assessing variation and character association for yield attributing traits. The highest estimates of GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean were recorded for seed yield per plant followed by 100-seed weight. Seed yield per plant recorded a highly significant positive association with plant height and head diameter. Path analysis studies indicated plant height had the highest positive direct effect on seed yield per plant followed by oil content. Trait specific introgression studies revealed that R-127-1 × RⅡ, CSFI-99 × RⅢ and No-30 × RⅣ showed the highest percentage (87.5%) of introgression with the expression of seven out of eight traits. Keywords: MAGIC population, Sunflower, GCV, PCV, Heritability, Correlation co-efficient and path coefficients  

Studies on genetic variability and character association in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare mill.)

Studies on genetic variability and character association in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare mill.)

Studies on growth analysis and framing selection criteria for high yield and quality traits in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)

Fifty-five turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) genotypes comprising short, medium and long duration types were evaluated in augmented block design with two checks for growth, yield, and its component characters and quality to ascertain the presence of variability in the population and character association of growth, yield and quality parameters. The study revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all traits except total chlorophyll content. The fresh rhizome yield was maximum in the genotype CL 195 (long-duration type) and followed by CL 74 (medium duration type). For curcumin content, short-duration types and medium duration types showed better values, than long-duration types. Among the short duration type, the curcumin content was maximum in the genotype CL 78 (2.79 %) whereas, among the medium duration type, CL 22 recorded a curcumin content of 2.55 per cent. The factors, fresh rhizome yield and quality were  optimum in the genotype CL 49 (short duration type), CL 22 (medium duration type), and CL 74 (long-duration type) owing to good values for overall growth parameters. The polygenic trait, yield showed a highly significant positive correlation with the characters viz., the weight of primary rhizomes per plant, the weight of mother rhizomes per plant and leaf area. All the biometric and qualitative traits observed had a positive association with fresh rhizome yield except essential oil and curing per cent ensuring simultaneous improvement of these characteristics. The path coefficient study suggested that the characters viz., the weight of primary rhizomes per plant, the weight of mother rhizomes per plant, the weight of secondary rhizomes per plant, leaf area, plant height, pseudostem girth and curcumin content had a significant positive direct effect on rhizome yield levering more weightage for these characters in the further breeding program. The other quality traits had a relatively poor influence on yield. As short and medium duration genotypes of turmeric are advantageous over long duration types, the best performing short and medium duration types can be used for further crop improvement programme in turmeric.   Keywords: Turmeric, Duration, Yield, Curcumin, Correlation and Path Co-efficient Analysis

Genetic divergence, variability and character association analysis in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes under normal and late sown conditions

Forty five chickpea genotypes were evaluated under normal and late sown conditions during Rabi,2017-18 in the experimental field of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, C.C.S. University, Meerut Uttar Pradesh. The genotypes were sown in Randomized Block Design with three replications and observations were recorded for each genotype in each replication for all studied characters. Analysis of variance showed significant variation among all the genotypes for all the characters in both the conditions (normal and late sowing). The highest values of GCV and PCV were  recorded for the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per plant, 100 seed weight, biological yield per plant, the number of seeds per pod and seed yield per plant. Heritability coupled with genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded as high for the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per plant, the number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, biological yield and seed yield per plant in both  conditions. Seed yield was significant and positively correlated with the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per plant, the number of branches per plant and biological yield per plant in both  conditions. Furthermore, the biological yield per plant, harvest index, the number of seeds per plant and 100 seed weight showed a positive and direct effects toward the seed yield per plant under the both situations. Forty five genotypes were grouped into five clusters (Environment I) and four clusters (Environment II) in normal and late sowing, respectively. The maximum inter cluster distance was observed between clusters I and II for normal sowing and between clusters II and IV for late sowing conditions. Keywords:  Chickpea, Correlation, Genetic Divergence, Heritability, Normal and late sowing

Exploiting the natural variation and inter-relationship among medium maturity pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan(L.) Millsp.] genotypes

The present investigation was conducted for character association and their causal effect of quantitatively inherited characters with 21 genotypes of pigeonpea. The genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation exhibited high for secondary branches per plant (21.07 and 21.94%, respectively), while low was found for days to maturity (3.71 and 3.82 %, respectively) and days to 50% flowering (4.82 and 5.25 %, respectively). Heritability coupled with genetic advance also observed high for secondary branches per plant (92.26 %). The seed yield showed highly significant and positive correlation with plant height (0.806 and 0.619) at both genotypic as well as phenotypic level, respectively. The path coefficient exhibited the highest positive direct effect of plant height (0.871) followed by primary branches per plant (0.423) and days to 50% flowering (0.171) on seed yield, at genotypic level. The highest positive direct effect on seed yield was exhibited by plant height (0.595) followed by primary branches per plant (0.235) and 100-seed weight (0.190), at phenotypic level. The genotypes viz., BAUPP 1610, AKTM 1637, BDN 716, ICPL 15072, WRG 327 and GJP 1820 were found promising in terms of yield and its attributing traits. Keywords: Pigeonpea, Genotypic and Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation, Heritability, Genetic Advance, Correlation and Path analysis

Estimation of genetic parameters and character association for yield and quality traits in BC1F2 population of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Two BC1F2 populations derived from the cross CO 52 x 3-11-11-2 were evaluated in the present study for fifteen yields, yield contributing characters and quality characters to assess genetic variability, correlation coefficient and path coefficient analyses.  Single plant yield, number of productive tillers per plant and alkali spreading value all had higher estimates of PCV and GCV. The high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as a percentage of mean was observed for traits viz., volume expansion ratio, single plant yield and plant height. In both the backcross population, a high positive correlation was observed between single plant yield and the traits such as the number of productive tillers and days to first flowering. In the case of direct effects, the number of productive tillers and kernel length after cooking played almost higher positive effects in the backcross population I, while in the population II, the number of productive tillers, kernel breadth before cooking, kernel length after cooking and breadthwise elongation ratio ensured the highest direct effect over the single plant yield. Thus, the number of productive tillers per plant can be considered as a key trait in the selection process and can be strategically used for yield improvement programmes. Keywords: Genetic parameters, correlation, path analysis, rice

An Assessment of Genetic variability and association studies for yield and its components of soybean MAGIC population lines (Glycine max (L.) Merrill.)

In the present investigation, 565 soybean MAGIC population lines along with 6 checks were evaluated in augmented design in 5 blocks at Agricultural Research Station, Adilabad during kharif, 2019-20 to study genetic parameters, character association and the direct and indirect effects of the traits on seed yield. Based on range, all the traits exhibited huge amount of variability. In the present study, the estimate of PCV was higher than GCV indicating the important role of environment in the expression of the characters under study. The highest genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation observed for the traits number of branches per plant (PCV- 33.53 %, GCV-20.15 %), number of pods per plant ( PCV- 32.35 %, GCV-21.11 %), net plot yield( PCV- 36.36 %, GCV-27.27 %) and seed yield per plant (PCV- 31.67 %, GCV-22.30 %) which indicates selection can be applied on these traits to isolate more promising line. The broad sense heritability was lower to higher for all the traits ranged from days to 50% flowering (20.02%) to days to maturity (75.87 %) while high genetic advance was recorded in all traits under study except, days to 50% flowering (2.99 %) and days to maturity (9.47 %).Among all the characters, high heritability along with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for plant height and net yield indicating predominance of additive gene action and a limited role of environment in the expression of these traits. Hence, these traits are fixable in nature and selection on the basis of these traits would be effective. Correlation studies indicated that number of branches/plot, number of pods/plant, net yield/plot, 100 seed weight and number of nodes/plant had significant and positive correlation with seed yield/plant.

Genetic Variability and Character Association Studies on Blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) for Seed Yield, Maturity and Resistance to Yellow Mosaic Virus

Analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among 20 genotypes of blackgram for 12 characters studied. High GCV and PCV was recorded for number of pods per plant followed by number of clusters, number of primary branches, seed yield per plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for number of clusters per plant, number of primary branches, harvest index, number of pods per plant, seed index, plant height, seed yield per plant and biological yield. Seed yield per plant showed positive and significant correlation at both genotypic and phenotypic levels with harvest index followed by pod length, days to maturity and biological yield. High positive direct effect on seed yield per plant was exhibited by harvest index followed by biological yield, seed index, number of pods per plant and number of primary branches per plant at genotypic level. At phenotypic level high positive direct effect on seed yield per plant was exhibited by harvest index, biological yield, number of pods per plant and days to 50% flowering. Hence, selection based on these traits would be effective in increasing the seed yield. Twenty genotypes were screened against YMV out of which only PU-31 showed resistant reaction. Fifteen genotypes showed moderately resistant reaction. Two of them showed moderately susceptible reaction and the other two genotypes showed susceptible reaction towards YMV.

Molecular Characterization and Validation of Micro-Satellite Markers Linked to Powdery Mildew Disease Resistance in Mini Core Germplasm of Urdbean [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper

Twenty-nine Urdbean [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] genotypes, including four check varieties 'Prasad,' 'Ujala,' 'PU-31' and 'OBG-31' were evaluated in the experimental farm of Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India, for two seasons to assess these genotypes against powdery mildew disease incidence and to estimate the extent of genetic divergence and character association employing molecular markers. For molecular diversity studies five molecular markers i.e., MB-SSR238, VrCsSTS1, CEDG191, VrCsSSR1, CEDG166 were evaluated on the Urdbean genotypes. The results showed the association of VrCsSTS1 marker with the powdery mildew resistance gene in different genetic backgrounds. The genotypes 'OBG-31', 'Ujala,' 'Prasad,' and 'Nayagarh-I local' were resistant to powdery mildew disease, which can be further used for breeding programs.

Genetic variability, character association, path coefficient analysis in Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)

Fifty germplasm lines of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) were evaluated to study the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation coefficient and path analysis for yield and yield attributes. The differences were statistically significant among the genotypes for all the characters. The genotype KIM-14 was found promising for fibre yield and yield contributing characters. The stick weight per plant recorded the highest variance at genotypic and phenotypic levels followed by plant height, days to flower initiation, days to 50% flowering, fibre yield and per cent fibre recovery and the lowest variance was for green weight and basal diameter. The higher phenotypic coefficient of variability (PCV) than genotypic coefficient of variability (GCV) for all the traits revealed that the characters were highly influenced by the environment. Days to 50% flowering showed high heritability followed by days to flower initiation, fibre yield, stick weight and plant height indicates a good amount of additive genetic components, can be easily utilized for the further crop improvement programme. Stick weight and plant height maintained higher and green weight maintained lower genetic advance. The moderate to high genetic advance with higher heritability over per cent of the mean was in stick weight and plant height indicates a preponderance of additive gene action. Thus, selections should make considering these characters to develop high fibre yielding varieties of kenaf.  The value of genotypic correlation was higher than the phenotypic correlation indicates to eliminate the environmental effects for strengthening genetic association. The yield contributing characters were significantly associated with fibre yield per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Basal diameter (1.679) at a genotypic level and stick yield, per cent fibre recovery and days to flower initiation maintained positive phenotypic and genotypic direct effect on fibre yield per plant.  Keywords: Mean performance, variability, heritability, genetic advance, path coefficient, PCV, GCV

Impact of neuroendocrine tumor diagnosis (NET) on quality of life.

e18614 Background: With longer median survival for NET patients, the impact of symptoms and treatments on QOL and financial well-being throughout the disease course need to be evaluated to understand the true burden of the disease on patients. Current HRQOL data are during active treatments and this prospective biobank was established to capture this information throughout the disease course. Methods: At Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, with Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval a NET biobank was established in April 2019 for collecting clinical tissue samples, patient demographics, treatment outcomes, access to care and self-reported HRQoL outcomes. Using previously developed HRQoL questionnaires, we examined the impact of the NET on the quality of life of NET patients and data of 144 patients enrolled to date in the biobank is presented here. Linear regression was used to assess the association of baseline characters with QoL variables. The analysis was done with STATA/IC 16.0. Results: A total of 144 patients are enrolled. Males were 27% (n = 39) and females were 73% (n = 105). The mean age of diagnosis was 54 +/- 0.79, with those between 45 to 65 (72%, n = 103). These patients were enrolled through support groups and social media from 30 different states in the US (135) and 9 pts from Canada. After the diagnosis, 27% of patients had to quit their job. Impact on major HRQoL variables are summarized in Table. Only 21% of patients reported that they feel knowledgeable about NET and got the majority of their support from their primary care (60%) and oncologist (57%). When asked about the most pressing need from their care team, 57% of patients requested their care team had more information about available clinical trials. Sex, age groups did not have statistically significant association on the impact of NETs on the HRQoL of patients. Conclusions: NET diagnosis affects the HRQoL of patients including their social, emotional, and financial well-being. A national biobank capturing data on various demographic, risk factors, treatment sequence, symptoms, HRQoL parameters, financial toxicity is a valuable resource to better understand the needs of this patient group.[Table: see text]

Gender Stereotypes in Hollywood Movies and Their Evolution over Time: Insights from Network Analysis

The present analysis of more than 180,000 sentences from movie plots across the period from 1940 to 2019 emphasizes how gender stereotypes are expressed through the cultural products of society. By applying a network analysis to the word co-occurrence networks of movie plots and using a novel method of identifying story tropes, we demonstrate that gender stereotypes exist in Hollywood movies. An analysis of specific paths in the network and the words reflecting various domains show the dynamic changes in some of these stereotypical associations. Our results suggest that gender stereotypes are complex and dynamic in nature. Specifically, whereas male characters appear to be associated with a diversity of themes in movies, female characters seem predominantly associated with the theme of romance. Although associations of female characters to physical beauty and marriage are declining over time, associations of female characters to sexual relationships and weddings are increasing. Our results demonstrate how the application of cognitive network science methods can enable a more nuanced investigation of gender stereotypes in textual data.

Genetic variability, character association and path analysis in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) under normal and staggered irrigation regimes

The present study was conducted to identify the nature and magnitude of genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis among forty eight fenugreek genotypes under normal and moisture stress conditions in a randomized block design with three replications. The pooled analysis of variance indicated a significant interaction between genotypes and environments for majority of the traits. The analysis of variance for individual environments indicated the existence of significant variability for all the characters, justifying the selection of genotypes for the study. The values of phenotypic coefficient of variation were higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation indicated effect of environment on expression of all characters. The satisfactory estimates of coefficients of variation were recorded for pods per plant and seed yield per plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as a percentage of mean was observed for pods per plant in both environments. The correlation and path coefficient analysis showed that pods per plant had a positive correlation with a high direct effect on seed yield. The results indicated that selection may be worthwhile for pods per plant due to lesser influence of environment and predominance of additive gene action in the genotypes for increasing seed yield. Keywords: Correlation, Fenugreek, Genetic Variability, Moisture Stress, Path, Seed Yield

Genetic variability, character association and path analysis for different traits in white onion genotypes under short day condition

Aim: To estimate the nature and magnitude of genetic diversity of white onion genotypes. Methodology: The experiment was carried out for two consecutive years (2018-19 and 2019-20) at ICAR-DOGR, Pune. Thirty-five genotypes of white onion identified as low and high TSS genotypes were used to study their genetic variability, character association, path analysis and genetic diversity for different morphological and biochemical traits. Results: Significant differences were observed among all the genotypes. High expression of GCV over PCV was recorded for percentage double indicating lesser influence of environment. The broad sense heritability values were higher (60%) for all the characters under study ranging from 62.10% in days to 75% neck fall to 98.38% in total sugar. Plant height, leaf length, polar diameter and equatorial diameter exhibited significant positive correlation with total bulb yield. Genotypic path analysis showed that leaf length (cm) had maximum positive direct effect on total bulb yield followed by equatorial diameter, total sugar and total pyruvic acid of bulb. Interpretation: Considering the cluster distance and cluster means for bulb yield quality traits and morphometric traits three genotypes viz., Bhima Shweta, Bhima Shubra from cluster III and WHTB-7G-GT-15-SC-M-7 Small Bulb from cluster II were good candidates for utilization in breeding programs. Genotypes belonging to cluster I WHTS-4D-GT-18-MC-M-7 (18.49%), WHT-2B-GT-18-SC-M-7 (18.51%), WHTB-3C-GT-18-MC-M-7 (18.27%) and WHT-12L-HT-15-REJECT-M-7 (18.02%) can be utilized as high TSS donors in quality improvement programmes. This study also indicated that, direct selection of leaf length and equatorial diameter will be beneficial in framing yield improvement programme.

Character association and path analysis for yield improvement in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

A total of 18 genotypes of the fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) were evaluated for estimation of correlation and path analysis for yield improvement during Rabi season of 2016-17 at Mandor, Jodhpur, Rajasthan. Results indicated that the variation among genotypes was highest for biological yield (54.3-88.3 q ha-1), followed by seed yield (15.8-25.2 q ha-1). The analysis of genotypic (GC) and phenotypic correlations (PC) indicated that the seed yield per ha was significantly and positively correlated with seed yield per plant (GC r=0.978**; PC r=0.842**), number of seeds per umbel (GC r= 0.752**, PC r=0.505*) and number of umbels per plant (GC r=0.543*). Path coefficient analysis suggested that the highest positive direct effect on seed yield per ha was exerted by biological yield per ha (0.953) followed by the number of umbels per plant (0.484), harvest index (0.463), number of seeds per umbel (0.387), 1000-seed weight (0.289), oil content (0.150), days to maturity (0.102) and the number of umbellets per umbel (0.070). Therefore, it is inferred that for initiating breeding programmes of fennel, the primary emphasis should be given for selecting characters having a positive and higher magnitude of correlation and have direct effects on characters associated with higher yield.

Genetic Variability and Trait Association in Indian Mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss

Background: Twenty-four released varieties of Indian Mustard were evaluated during rabi 2015-16 and 2016-17 under irrigated environment to study character association for seed yield and its component traits. Methods: Analysis of variance on thirteen quantitative characters was carried out and pooled over the years. Path analysis was carried out using correlation coefficients to know the yield contributing traits. Result: Significant differences were noticed for all the traits among the genotypes. The genotypic and phenotypic variation is higher for seed yield/plant, 1000 seed weight, secondary branches/plant and total siliquae/plant. Heritability estimate were very high for 1000 seed weight, siliqua length, plant height, seeds/siliqua, total siliquae/plant and days to maturity. Genetic advance as percent of mean were high for seed yield/plant, 1000 seed weight, secondary branches/plant and total siliquae/plant. The correlation of seed yield/plant shows significant positive association with days to maturity, primary branches/plant, secondary branches/plant, total siliquae/plant, siliqua length, seeds/siliqua, 1000 seed weight and length of main shoot. From correlation coefficients and path analysis it appeared that length of main shoot, 1000 seed weight, number of secondary branches/plant and days to maturity were most important yield components having highly positive direct and indirect effects.

Studies on Component Characters Association with Flower Yield of Dahlia (Dahlia variabilis L.) Genotypes

Thirty five genotypes of dahlia (Dahlia variabilis L.) were studied for fifteen different growth, flowering, quality and yield traits for the association of different characters with flower yield per plant (g). The results indicated a significant and desirable correlation between flower yield per plant with the characters like number of secondary branches per plant, number of leaves, leaf area, duration of the crop, flower diameter, number of petals per flower, stalk length, individual flower weight, number of flowers per plant, number of tubers per plant at genotypic and phenotypic level respectively.. This provides a knowledge regarding association of various characters among themselves and to estimate the inherent association between genes.