Association Of Adiponectin Levels Research Articles

Association of adiponectin levels with disease activity score, RA factor and ESR in rheumatoid arthritis patients

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory polyarthritis of relatively common occurrence affecting about 1-2% of adult population world-wide and 0.75% of Indian adults. The disease occurs at all ages and affects all ethnic groups. For early diagnosis and progression of rheumatoid arthritis might be useful for to better treatment of the patients. Present study aimed to assessment of adiponectin in newly diagnosed and remission rheumatoid arthritis patients. Materials and Methods: 100 Rheumatoid arthritis patients and 50 healthy volunteers with matching age, gender, and BMI were included in the study. All the subjects' biochemical, disease activity score, RA factor,ESR Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients and serum adiponectin levels were assessed. SPSS and Microsoft Excel Spreadsheets were used to conduct the necessary statistical analysis. Results: The patients with rheumatoid arthritis shown significantly higher levels of fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugars ,triglycerides , RA factor, ESR when compared to healthy controls (P=0.001**). Additionally we also discovered to be considerably significantly elevated levels of serum adiponectin (P= 0.001**). Furthermore there was very high significant positive correlation between serum adiponectin and disease activity score, RA factor, ESR.

Association of Adiponectin Levels with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Objective: To measure the levels of adiponectin in women with PCOS having high body mass index. Methodology: A cross-sectional study including 96 study participants was conducted in Services Hospital, Lahore in December 2020 out of 96 study participants 48 were enrolled as cases having polycystic ovarian syndrome compared with 48 healthy women as controls. Detailed information about age, duration of menstrual cycle, body mass index (BMI), and clinical features like obesity, infertility, acne and hairs on face were noted. A total 5ml venous blood was collected by using aseptic techniques and then centrifuged immediately; serum was separated and stored at -20 °C after proper labeling. Samples were analyzed for estimation of serum adiponectin by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was carried out by statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) 21. The p-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: In this study level of adiponectin was decreased in PCOS women as compared to healthy women. Mean ± SD of adiponectin in PCOS women was 2.08±0.70µg/ml which was lower than in control group 9.71±5.35µg/ml. Median/Inter Quaitel Range of PCOS women was 2.00/0.78 which is lower in comparison with the Median/IQR of adiponectin in healthy women 8.60/9.63, p-value of adiponectin was significant (p = 0.00). Conclusion: Adiponectin is important variable present in circulation. Its levels are changed in response to disease process as occurs in PCOS.

Adiponectin predicts the antioxidant capacity and size of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in individuals with diabetes mellitus.

The relationship between adiponectin and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is established; however the evidence on its role in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality is still scant. The aim of this study was to assess the association of adiponectin with HDL functionality especially on the antioxidant capacity and HDL subfractions in individuals with T2DM. This case-control study enrolled 356 individuals who were divided into two groups: diabetics [T2DM (n = 188)] and non-diabetic [nT2DM (n = 168)]. The association of adiponectin level on HDL functionality parameters was done in function of the cut-off point for adiponectin [percentile p < 75 = 12.9 μg/mL versus p ≥ 75 = 12.9 μg/mL] and multiple adjustments applied in the logistic regression models. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and body fat mass (FM) were higher in T2DM. The larger HDL particles (HDLLARGE) were lower in T2DM group in comparison with nT2DM (28.20% versus 30.40%; p = 0.016). Individuals with T2DM and simultaneous highest adiponectin (p ≥ 75) had 2.25 OR (95% CI = 1.03-4.91) and 5.14 OR (95% CI = 2.37-11.15) to present higher HDL-C and HDLLARGE concentrations. After adjustment for multiple confounders, high level of adiponectin was independently related with improvement of the HDL antioxidant capacity (OR = 2.78; 95% CI = 1.16-6.67). High adiponectin level associates with a lesser negative impact of T2DM on HDL functionality by increase in APO AI, particles size, and cholesterol content. On the same token, higher adiponectin was associated with greater odds to have high antioxidant capacity.

Association of adiponectin level with biochemical variables and insulin resistance in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in an Iranian population

Association of adiponectin level with biochemical variables and insulin resistance in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in an Iranian population

Association of adiponectin levels and tumor stage in pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients

Association of adiponectin levels and tumor stage in pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients

Abstract P049: Circulating Adiponectin Levels and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease, and All-Cause Mortality in US Women

Introduction: Adiponectin is an anti-inflammatory peptide hormone secreted by adipocytes and has been related with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but longitudinal data are limited and inconsistent. Hypothesis: Higher circulating adiponectin levels are associated with lower risk of T2D, CVD, and all-cause mortality in healthy women. Methods: Baseline adiponectin levels, measured by an immunoassay, were available on 15,131 women from the Nurses’ Health study I and II, who were part of 11 separate nested case-control studies and free of T2D, CVD, and cancer at study baseline. Associations of adiponectin levels with incident T2D, CVD (including coronary heart disease [CHD], stroke, and CVD death), and all-cause mortality were estimated using Cox regressions adjusted for study design characters, established risk factors and confounders including menopausal status, hormone therapy, and continuous body mass index. We also analyzed associations of 26 adiponectin expression-associated variants (in adipose tissue) with T2D, CVD, and all-cause mortality in the UK Biobank study. Results: During up to 22 years (289,408 person-years) of follow-up, 2,578 T2D cases, 1,827 CVD cases (including 745 CHD, 1,108 stroke and 428 CVD deaths), and 2,741 deaths occurred. In multivariable models, hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) comparing the highest quartile of plasma adiponectin to the lowest were 0.17 (0.14-0.21; P trend &lt;0.001) for T2D, 0.82 (0.69-0.96; P trend =0.005) for CVD, 0.66 (0.51-0.86; P trend &lt;0.001) for CHD, 0.91 (0.73-1.12; P trend =0.34) for stroke, 0.69 (0.48-0.98; P trend =0.10) for CVD death, and 0.77 (0.66-0.90; P trend =0.005) for all-cause mortality. Genetic alleles associated with increased adiponectin expression in adipose tissue were associated with decreased risk of CVD, but no associations were observed for T2D and all-cause mortality. Conclusions: Higher adiponectin levels are associated with decreased risk of cardiometabolic diseases and all-cause mortality.

Puberty Status Modifies the Effects of Genetic Variants, Lifestyle Factors and Their Interactions on Adiponectin: The BCAMS Study

Background Hypoadiponectinemia is associated with various cardiometabolic diseases. Both genetic and lifestyle factors have been reported to regulate adiponectin levels in adults. However, little is known about the influence of these factors in children. Additionally, the best time window for lifestyle interventions remains unknown. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study based on information of 3,402 children, aged 6-18 years, from Beijing Child and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome study (BCAMS). We analyzed the differences among associations of adiponectin levels with genetic variants, lifestyle and gene-by-environment interactions in three puberty stages (prepuberty: Tanner stage I; midpuberty: Tanner stage II-III; postpuberty: Tanner stage≥IV). Findings After adjustment for age and gender, the associations between adiponectin and diet factors were statistical significant at prepuberty or postpuberty; Exercise was more effective at midpuberty and postpuberty; Walking to school increased adiponectin levels throughout puberty. For genetic variants, the effect of WDR11-FGFR2-rs3943077 was only statistically significant at midpuberty; ADIPOQ-rs6773957 was more effective at postpuberty; CDH13-rs4783244 showed the strongest association with adiponectin levels at all pubertal stages. Effects of diet score and exercise were stronger in children with higher genetic risk of hypoadiponectinemia. Interpretation Our findings indicate that lifestyle interventions are more effective to increase adiponectin levels in children who are genetically predisposed to hypoadiponectinemia. Diet control is less effective during puberty, while activities are more effective after puberty. Funding: This work was supported by National Key RD Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, D111100000611001 and D111100000611002; Beijing Natural Science Foundation, 7172169; National Key Program of Clinical Science of China, WBYZ2011-873; Novo Nordisk Union Diabetes Research Talent Fund, 2011A002; Beijing Science & Technology Star Program, 2004A027 and Jingxi Scientific Program of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, JXPY201606. Declaration of Interest: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Ethical Approval: The BCAMS study was approved by the ethics committee of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics and is registered at www.clinicaltrails.gov (NCT03421444). All study procedures were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Signed informed consent forms were obtained from all participants and/or their parents or guardians before the study process.

Association of adiponectin level and obstructive sleep apnea prevalence in obese subjects.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is prevalent in obese subjects. Plasma adiponectin level in obese subjects is decreased. Whether reduced adiponectin level is associated with OSA is unknown. Participants without a previous diagnosis of OSA or who have not been treated with continuous positive airway pressure were enrolled and parameters of interest were collected. Polysomnography was performed to evaluate the presence of OSA and the severity of OSA as indexed by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Between-group differences were analyzed. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) with plasma levels of adiponectin and C-reactive protein (CRP) and AHI; and the association between plasma adiponectin level with CRP and AHI was also evaluated. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between per 1-SD standardized decrease of plasma adiponectin level and the prevalence of OSA using stepwise adjustment models. A total of 486 participants were enrolled and the mean BMI was 26.9 ± 6.2 kg/m2 with obesity prevalence of 28%; and the mean AHI was 12.6 ± 8.9 per sleep hour with OSA prevalence of 42%. The mean adiponectin level was 18.4 ± 10.6 μg/mL. Compared with the nonobese group, participants in the obese group had higher BMI, neck girth, waist circumference, and AHI (P < .05 for all comparisons). The prevalence of OSA (51% vs 37%) and the proportion of moderate OSA (49% vs 42%) were also significantly higher, while adiponectin level (14.6 ± 8.7 μg/mL vs 20.7 ± 10.5 μg/mL) was significantly lower. In the obese group, plasma adiponectin level was decreased gradually with the increasing severity of OSA, which was not observed in the nonobese group. BMI was negatively correlated with adiponectin while positively correlated with CRP and AHI; and adiponectin was negatively correlated with both CRP and AHI. After adjusted for covariates including BMI and waist circumference, adiponectin remained significantly associated with OSA prevalence with odds ratio of 1.20 (95% confidence interval 1.12–1.65). In summary, our preliminary study suggests that in obese subjects, plasma adiponectin level is associated with the prevalence of OSA.

Adiponectin Levels and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: A Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies

Adiponectin is the most abundant circulating protein secreted by adipocytes. There is uncertainty about the association between adiponectin levels and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). We conducted this meta-analysis to summarize the effect of adiponectin on the risk of CHD. A comprehensive search was performed to identify all prospective studies on the association of adiponectin levels and risk of CHD. The quality of the eligible studies was evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The fixed- or random-effects model was selected to pool the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using Q test and the I² statistic. Publication bias was estimated using modified Egger's linear regression test. Twelve prospective studies comprising 8 nested case-control studies and 4 cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 14,960 participants were enrolled and 4,132 incident CHD events were observed. The pooled RR for CHD was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.69-0.98, P = 0.031). Subgroup analyses showed that the pooled RRs (95% CIs) for CHD risk were 0.78 (0.66-0.92) and 0.75 (0.59-0.94) for men and women, respectively. For studies with mean age less than 65 years, the pooled RR (95% CI) for CHD risk was 0.72 (0.59-0.87). For studies with 100 or more CHD cases, the pooled RR was marginally significant (RR = 0.83, 95% CI, 0.69-1.00; P = 0.051). No publication bias was found in our study (P = 0.911). This meta-analysis showed that higher levels of adiponectin were associated with a low risk of CHD. The protective effect was consistently existed in men and women and in the middle-aged populations.

Association of circulating adiponectin with testosterone in women during the menopausal transition

We examined (1) the change in circulating adiponectin in women during the menopausal transition and (2) the associations of adiponectin levels with estrogen, androgen and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in women during the menopausal transition. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 235 healthy women and divided them into 7 stages by menstrual regularity and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level. Serum levels of adiponectin, estradiol, total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) and SHBG were measured. Levels of free and bioavailable testosterone were calculated by using total testosterone, albumin and SHBG. Serum adiponectin levels showed a U-curve, levels being low in early and late menopausal transition and gradually becoming higher after menopause. Adiponectin levels were negatively correlated with levels of free testosterone, bioavailable testosterone and DHEA-S and were positively correlated with SHBG in postmenopausal women for whom more than 1 year had passed since menopause. Adiponectin level was not correlated with estradiol level. Circulating adiponectin level shows a U-curve during the menopausal transition and adiponectin level is associated with levels of free and bioavailable testosterone and DHEA-S in postmenopause.

Adiponectin dysregulation and insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with insulin resistance despite elevated levels of the insulin-sensitizing protein adiponectin. Whether the expected positive correlation between adiponectin and insulin sensitivity is preserved in a T1D population is unknown. We measured the correlation between total and high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in T1D patients and nondiabetic controls and identified determinants of adiponectin levels in patients with T1D. Fasting total and HMW adiponectin were measured in 86 subjects from the Coronary Artery Calcification in T1D (CACTI) cohort (39 T1D, 47 nondiabetic; age 45 ± 8 yr; 55% female). The association of adiponectin levels with insulin sensitivity was analyzed. The study was conducted at an academic research institute. Fasting total and HMW adiponectin were measured by RIA and ELISA, respectively. Insulin sensitivity was measured by a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Multivariate linear regression was used to identify determinants of adiponectin levels. Adiponectin levels positively correlated with insulin sensitivity in both subject groups (total adiponectin, r = 0.33 P < 0.05 for T1D, r = 0.29 P < 0.05 controls), but insulin sensitivity was lower in T1D subjects at any given level of total or HMW adiponectin. Adiponectin levels were independently associated with age, gender, and trunk fat, but these variables did not account for increased adiponectin in patients with T1D. Adiponectin levels are positively correlated with insulin sensitivity in T1D patients. However, T1D patients have decreased insulin sensitivity compared with controls at every level of adiponectin, suggesting an important adaptive change of adiponectin set point.

A longitudinal analysis on associations of adiponectin levels with metabolic syndrome and carotid artery intima-media thickness. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study

Adipose-tissue derived adiponectin has gained a lot of interest as a marker of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular risk. The objective of this study was to assess whether adiponectin levels in young adults predict the incidence of MetS after 6-year follow-up. To gain insight on the interrelations between MetS, adiponectin and cardiovascular risk, we also examined the associations of adiponectin and carotid atherosclerosis according to MetS status. This analysis was part of a population-based, longitudinal cohort study conducted among 1693 Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study individuals (age 31.9 ± 4.9 years in 2001) participating in follow-ups in 2001 and 2007. In a multivariable model adjusted for age, sex, MetS components, LDL-cholesterol, CRP, insulin, leptin, smoking and family history of coronary disease, 1-unit increase in baseline adiponectin levels was associated with reduced odds (odds ratio [OR]=0.94, 95% CI 0.89-0.99, P=0.04) of incident MetS. Of the MetS components, adiponectin levels were inversely associated with the incidence of hyperglycemia in multivariable analyses (OR=0.94 (0.90-0.99), P=0.04). When studying the adiponectin×MetS interaction on IMT, we observed a significant interaction when examining IMT in 2001 (r=-0.11 (MetS(-)) vs. r=-0.17 (MetS(+)), P for interaction 0.047) and IMT in 2007 (r=-0.12 (MetS(-)) vs. r=-0.21 (MetS(+)), P for interaction 0.005), suggesting the inverse association between adiponectin and IMT is stronger among those with MetS. Among young adults, high adiponectin levels were associated with decreased incidence of MetS. Moreover, our data suggest that individuals with MetS are more vulnerable to the proatherogenic effects of low adiponectin levels.

P.26 Evaluation of risk factors in women with breast carcinoma who developed venous thromboembolism

P.26 Evaluation of risk factors in women with breast carcinoma who developed venous thromboembolism

P.25 Association of adiponectin levels with abdominal obesity in hypertensive women

P.25 Association of adiponectin levels with abdominal obesity in hypertensive women

Association of adiponectin levels and insulin demand in critically ill patients

Purpose:Intensive care unit patients usually have a deregulated glucose homeostasis and present with hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, suggesting overall insulin resistance. Adiponectin has significant anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects and is diminished in morbidly obese and in critically ill patients. Reduced adiponectin could contribute to insulin resistance in these patients. We examined how far insulin demand in critically ill patients is correlated with patient adiponectin levels.Patients and methods:Adiponectin, resistin, leptin, insulin demand, minimal and maximal blood sugar levels, epinephrine, and hydrocortisone demand were measured 1 day after diagnosis of severe sepsis or septic shock in 25 patients (8 female, 17 male; median age 65 years; range: 31 to 87 years).Results:Insulin demand (range: 0–8 IU/h; median 3.5 IU) was positively correlated with serum adiponectin levels (median: 10.1 μg/mL; range: 2.9–47.6 μg/mL; r = +0.56, P < 0.01). There was no significant correlation between insulin demand and leptin serum levels (median: 18.1 ng/mL; range: 0.3–80.7 ng/mL; r = +0.29, P = 0.08) or resistin serum levels (median: 103.9 ng/mL; range: 14.7–352.3 ng/mL; r = +0.13, P = 0.27). Epinephrine demand (median: 0.08 μg/kg*min; range: 0.02–0.63 μg/kg*min) was negatively correlated with male adiponectin levels (r = −0.58; P < 0.01; females: r = −0.36; P = 0.19) and positively correlated with resistin levels (r = 0.43; P = 0.02). Patient body mass index (median 26 kg/m2; range: 18–37) was positively correlated with serum leptin (r = 0.60; P < 0.01) but was not correlated with insulin demand (r = 0.19; P = 0.19), or adiponectin (females: r = −0.37, P = 0.18; males: r = −0.16, P = 0.27), or resistin levels (r = +0.17; P = 0.21).Conclusion:Adiponectin levels and insulin demand were positively correlated during sepsis. Adiponectin levels were negatively correlated with epinephrine demand in male patients and epinephrine demand was positively correlated with resistin levels, which might have increased insulin resistance. The relationship between adiponectin and insulin action in humans is more complex than often suggested.

Associations of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Adiponectin Gene with Adiponectin Levels and Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in Patients with Cancer

Objectives: The aims of this study are to (1) study the influence of polymorphisms in adiponectin gene on adiponectin levels and potential associations with breast, prostate and colon cancer; (2) investigate the associations of adiponectin levels with other adipokines and breast, prostate and colon cancers.Subjects: We measured fasting adiponectin, leptin, insulin, Sex steroids in 132 (66 females, 66 males) cancer patients and 68 age and sex matched apparently healthy subjects. Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference were used as indices of obesity. Insulin Resistance was assessed using Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA). Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP rs182052 (G-10066-A), SNP rs1501299 (276G &gt; T), SNP rs224176 (45T &gt; G) in adiponectin gene were studied using Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction.Results: GG genotype of SNP rs1501299 was significantly associated with higher levels of adiponectin (OR=1.2, 95%CI(1.03–1.3),p= 0.02); breast (OR=8.6, 95%CI(1.03–71),p= 0.04), colon cancers (OR= 12, 95%CI(1.2–115),p= 0.03). GT genotype was also associated significantly with colon cancer (OR=2.6, 95%CI (1.1–6),p= 0.03). However SNP rs224176 was associated with only breast cancer.Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that adiponectin gene SNP rs1501299 and SNP rs224176 may be the predisposing factors in some cancers but our results differ from what has been reported in other populations suggesting a complex relationship between genetic variations and phenotypic adiponectin levels.

Impact of waist circumference versus adiponectin level on subclinical atherosclerosis

Abstract. Holewijn S, den Heijer M, van Tits LJ, Swinkels DW, Stalenhoef AFH, de Graaf J (Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands). Impact of waist circumference versus adiponectin level on subclinical atherosclerosis. A cross‐sectional analysis in a sample from the general population. J Intern Med 2010; 267:588–598.Objective. Waist circumference is a clinical marker of obesity and an established risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) disease. Adiponectin, an adipocyte‐derived hormone and new biomarker of obesity, was recently proposed as the missing link between obesity and increased cardiovascular risk. We evaluated waist and adiponectin in a middle‐aged population‐based cohort to compare the impact of both obesity‐markers on subclinical atherosclerosis, in relation to other CV risk factors.Design, setting &amp; subjects. Seven noninvasive measurements of atherosclerosis (NIMA), as surrogate markers of (subclinical) atherosclerosis, were determined in 1517 participants of the Nijmegen Biomedical Study, aged 50–70 years, who were drawn from the Dutch community.Results. Both men and women with a high waist (M &gt;104 cm; F &gt;95 cm) showed increased pulse wave velocity (PWV) (M: +9.4%; F: +8.3%) and thicker intima‐media thickness (IMT) (M: +7.3%; F: +4.3%) and women also showed increased plaque thickness (+16.6%). After adjustment for other CV risk factors both men and women showed increased IMT (M: +4.8%; F: +2.8%) and men also showed increased PWV (+9.6%). Both men and women with a low adiponectin level (M &lt;2.2 mg L−1; F &lt;3.5 mg L−1) showed a decreased ankle‐brachial index after exercise (M: −9.5%; F: −3.9%) and increased IMT (M: +3.7%; F: +3.6%) and women also showed increased PWV (+6.8%), but after adjustment for other CV risk factors low adiponectin level was no longer associated with deteriorated outcomes of NIMA.Conclusions. Waist circumference showed independent associations with noninvasive measurements of subclinical atherosclerosis, whereas the association of adiponectin level with subclinical atherosclerosis was not independent of other CV risk factors. Prospective studies are needed to elucidate, if the atherogenic effect of a low adiponectin level is mediated by other CV risk factors and not by low adiponectin level intrinsically.

Serum Adiponectin Confers Little Protection Against Diabetes and Hypertension in Turkish Men

We determined serum adiponectin's role as a biomarker of metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes (DM) and hypertension among Turkish adults who have a high prevalence of MetS. Individuals with measured serum adiponectin concentrations, constituting a random sample of Turkish adults, were studied cross-sectionally. MetS was identified by criteria of the Adult Treatment Panel-III modified for male abdominal obesity. Median age of 547 men and 652 women was 54 years. MetS was identified in 46%. Linear regression analysis among nine variables revealed homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index in both sexes and C-reactive protein (CRP) only in men as inversely associated covariates of adiponectin, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) as positive covariate in women. Age-adjusted sex-specifically dichotomized high vs. low adiponectin levels were significantly associated with DM (odds ratio (OR) 0.55, P = 0.01) and hypertension (OR 0.64, P = 0.012) in women, but not in men. Further adjustment for smoking status and presence of high/low BMI did not alter this sex-based relationship. As regards association with MetS, low adiponectin and high BMI interacted significantly in each sex. Yet adiponectin was associated only in men additively to the simultaneously adjusted five MetS components. We conclude that adiponectin concentrations, clearly linked to metabolic disorders, may diverge among sexes regarding protection against cardiometabolic risk through anti-inflammatory or antioxidative function, Turkish men alone revealing significant dysfunction independent of obesity. This dysfunction may underlie also the association of adiponectin levels with MetS in men to be independent of the MetS components.

Associations of adiponectin and body composition in African American and Caucasian adolescent girls

The purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to determine differences in associations of adiponectin levels and body composition measurements between African American (AA) and Caucasian (C) overweight girls between ages 13 and 18. Girls were recruited from a primary care clinic and by word‐of‐mouth. Criteria for inclusion were a body mass index (BMI) of 85th percentile or higher, menstruating, and generally “healthy” at the time of recruitment. BMI, trunk fat and percent (%) fat (by DEXA), waist circumference (WC) measured at umbilicus and narrowest part of the waist and hip circumference at widest part of buttocks were measured. Waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) was calculated. Tertiles were calculated to observe trends. The average BMI percentile was 96.6% but C girls had more trunk fat (18.6±4.7 kg) than AA girls (16.6±5.2 kg, p=0.06). Results showed that adiponectin levels decreased with increasing levels of adiposity (regardless of adiposity measure). Adiponectin levels were also consistently lower in AA girls compared to C girls for similar levels of adiposity (mean adiponectin levels 6.2±3.1 [AA] vs 10.0±4.1 [C] ug/mL, p&lt;0.001). A similar ethnic disparity in adiponectin levels has been observed in adult populations. These results confirm that differences in adiponectin also occur at younger ages.

Association of Hypoadiponectinemia with Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MBS). Hypoadiponectinemia is closely associated with MBS. The aim of our study was to evaluate the association of adiponectin levels with MBS in patients with PCOS. We studied 60 patients with PCOS and 60 age-matched control subjects. Serum adiponectin, fasting glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, blood pressure and waist circumference were measured for each subject. The results showed that 33% of patients with PCOS were diagnosed with MBS; this was 11.7% in the control group (p<0.01). Adiponectin levels were significantly lower in PCOS patients with MBS than PCOS patients without MBS (p<0.001). After adjustment for body mass index (BMI), adiponectin levels were correlated negatively with waist circumference, triglycerides, diastolic blood pressure, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and positively with HDL. PCOS patients with adiponectin levels lower than median value had 10.5-fold higher risk of having MBS. Logistic regression analysis revealed that adiponectin levels were independently associated with the risk of having MBS, and the significance did not change after adjusting for each component of MBS. We concluded that patients with PCOS had an increased prevalence of MBS and thus an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Hypoadiponectinemia was independently associated with MBS in these patients. Adiponectin as an endogenous biologically relevant modulator of vascular remodeling may have a role in the development of MBS in PCOS patients.