Assessment Of Thyroid Function Research Articles

Olfaction and thyroid hormones in patients with subjective cognitive decline, non-amnestic and amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Thyroid hormones may affect olfaction in different stages of cognitive impairment: subjective cognitive decline (SCD), non-amnestic (naMCI) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Additionally, biometric parameters, depression, and neuropsychological performance are considered as possible influencing factors. Aretrospective single-center data analysis was conducted during the observation period 2001-2023, with n = 495 (52.3% female) SCD, naMCI and aMCI subjects, aged ≥50years, at the General Hospital of Vienna. The criterion olfactory function was objectively measured by Sniffin' Sticks© odor identification and subjectively through the Assessment of Self-Reported Olfactory Functioning test. Serum thyroid hormone levels, mainly thyroid-stimulating hormone, as well as T3, T4, fT3, and fT4, were used to assess thyroid function. Statistical analyses using IBM SPSS® 29.0.0 covered adjusted multiple linear regression models with hierarchical blocks to predict olfactory performance considering β‑weights. Of the study participants, 4.2% had hypothyroidism and 2.4% had hyperthyroidism. The majority exhibited normal thyroid function. One third (33.5%; 95% confidence interval, CI 29.4-37.0%) were hyposmic. The results indicate no substantial association between thyroid and olfactory functions. Increasing age (β = 0.20), lower performance in the Neuropsychological Test Battery Vienna (NTBV) dimensions verbal memory (β = -0.33) and attention (β = -0.12) appear to be risk factors for lower olfaction. Adiscrepancy between subjective and objective olfaction was found. Thyroid and olfactory functions had no substantial relationship. Higher fT4 correlated weakly with lower odor identification. Increasing age and decreased performance in two out of six NTBV dimensions are relevant prognostic factors for olfactory dysfunction.

Recent advances in liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the detection of thyroid hormones and thyroglobulin in clinical samples: A review.

Thyroid hormones (THs), including triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and their metabolites, are essential for regulating development, growth, and energy metabolism. Thyroglobulin (Tg) produced by thyroid follicular cells acts as an essential substrate for TH synthesis. The combination of THs with Tg is a widely used serological laboratory test for thyroid function assessment. Early detection and timely intervention are significant for preventing and managing thyroid disease. In recent years, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has emerged as a powerful tool for the precise detection of small molecular analytes and steroid hormones in clinical practice as a result of its high sensitivity and specificity. While LC-MS/MS has been increasingly used for detecting THs and Tg recently, its application in clinical practice is still in its early stages. Recent advances in the assessment of thyroid metabolism using LC-MS/MS in clinical samples published during 2004-2023 were reviewed, with a special focus on the use of this technique for quantifying molecules involved in thyroid diseases.

A study on thyroid function assessment in patients with chronic kidney disease: An investigative analysis

A study on thyroid function assessment in patients with chronic kidney disease: An investigative analysis

Correlation between thyroid hormone sensitivity and diabetic peripheral neuropathy in euthyroid patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Previous studies have revealed that thyroid hormone (TH) levels are associated with the risk of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in euthyroid patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the relationship between TH sensitivity, a complementary method for assessing thyroid function, and DPN remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between DPN and TH sensitivity in euthyroid patients with T2DM. Exactly 708 euthyroid adults with T2DM were retrospectively enrolled. The FT3/FT4 ratio was used to estimate peripheral TH sensitivity. Central TH sensitivity was assessed using the Thyrotroph T4 Resistance Index (TT4RI), Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Index (TSHI), Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index (TFQI), and Parametric TFQI (PTFQI). DPN was assessed using neurologic symptoms, signs, and nerve conduction velocity tests. The relationship between DPN and TH sensitivity was examined using logistic regression analysis. We observed that an elevated FT3/FT4 ratio was associated with DPN (OR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.13–1.63, p = 0.0012). For each standard deviation (SD) increase in the TT4RI, TSHI, TFQI, and PTFQI, the OR of DPN was 0.80 (95%CI: 0.68–0.94, p = 0.0078), 0.72 (95%CI: 0.60–0.86, p = 0.0002), 0.69 (95%CI: 0.58–0.83, p < 0.0001), and 0.69 (95%CI: 0.58–0.82, p < 0.0001), respectively. These results suggested that reduced central and peripheral TH sensitivity is associated with a decreased risk of developing DPN.

The Interplay between Mitochondrial Metabolism and Nasal Mucociliary Function as a Surrogate Method to Diagnose Thyroid Dysfunction: Insights from a Population-Based Study.

Aim and Background. This study aims to explore alternative diagnostic methods to assess thyroid function in patients unable to undergo blood tests for thyroid-stimulating hormones (TSH) and thyroxine (T4), such as individuals with trypanophobia, severe medical conditions, or coagulopathy. Considering the impact of thyroid dysfunction on mitochondrial metabolism and the essential role of proper mitochondrial function in ciliary motility, we postulate that assessing nasal ciliary function could serve as a surrogate diagnostic approach for thyroid dysfunction. Methods. This cross-sectional study was performed on individuals with no history of thyroid diseases. The primary endpoint was the diagnostic value of the nasal mucociliary (NMC) test using Iranica Picris (Asteraceae) aqueous extract in differentiating hypo- or hyperthyroidism cases from euthyroid cases. Results. 232 individuals were recruited (71% females, 86% euthyroid). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed a good diagnostic value for the NMC test in differentiating overt hypothyroidism (area under the ROC curve [AUROC] = 0.82, p = 0.004) and its fair value in diagnosing subclinical hyperthyroidism (AUROC = 0.78, p = 0.01) from the euthyroid condition. The NMC test had a significant positive correlation with TSH (r = 0.47, p < 0.001) and a significant negative correlation with T4 (r = -0.32, p < 0.001). The NMC rate was significantly different in distinct thyroid function groups (p < 0.001). Compared with euthyroid cases, the post-hoc analysis showed that the NMC test is significantly higher in overt hypothyroidism (15.06 vs. 21.07 min, p = 0.003) and significantly lower in subclinical hyperthyroidism (15.05 vs. 10.9 min, p = 0.02). Conclusions. The Iranica Picris-based NMC test might serve as a diagnostic method to distinguish overt hypothyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism.

Maternal hypothyroidism and the risk of preeclampsia: a Danish national and regional study

BackgroundMaternal hypothyroidism in pregnancy has been proposed to increase the risk of preeclampsia, but uncertainties persist regarding the underlying causal mechanisms. Thus, it remains unclear if an increased risk of preeclampsia in hypothyroid pregnant women is caused by the lack of thyroid hormones or by the autoimmunity per se.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of two pregnancy cohorts in the Danish population. The nationwide cohort (n = 1,014,775) was register-based and included all singleton pregnancies in Denmark from 1999–2015. The regional cohort (n = 14,573) included the biochemical measurement of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab), and thyroglobulin antibodies (Tg-Ab) (ADVIA Centaur XPT, Siemens Healthineers) among pregnant women in The North Denmark Region from 2011–2015 who had a blood sample drawn in early pregnancy as part of routine prenatal screening for chromosomal anomalies. The associations between diagnosed and biochemically assessed hypothyroidism and a diagnosis of preeclampsia were evaluated using logistic regression (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI)) adjusting for potential confounders, such as maternal age, diabetes, and parity.ResultsIn the nationwide cohort, 2.2% of pregnant women with no history of hypothyroidism (reference group (ref.)) were diagnosed with preeclampsia, whereas the prevalence was 3.0% among pregnant women with hypothyroidism (aOR 1.3 (95% CI: 1.2–1.4)) and 4.2% among women with newly diagnosed hypothyroidism in the pregnancy (aOR 1.6 (95% CI: 1.3–2.0)). In the regional cohort, 2.3% of women with early pregnancy TSH < 2.5 mIU/L (ref.) were diagnosed with preeclampsia. Among women with TSH ≥ 6 mIU/L, the prevalence was 6.2% (aOR 2.4 (95% CI: 1.1–5.3)). Considering thyroid autoimmunity, preeclampsia was diagnosed in 2.2% of women positive for TPO-Ab (> 60 U/mL) or Tg-Ab (> 33 U/mL) in early pregnancy (aOR 0.86 (95% CI: 0.6–1.2)).ConclusionsIn two large cohorts of Danish pregnant women, maternal hypothyroidism was consistently associated with a higher risk of preeclampsia. Biochemical assessment of maternal thyroid function revealed that the severity of hypothyroidism was important. Furthermore, results did not support an association between thyroid autoimmunity per se and preeclampsia.

Chemotherapy for post-menopausal women with early breast cancer seems not to result in clinically significant changes in thyroid function.

Adjuvant chemotherapy is often indicated in patients diagnosed with early breast cancer (EBC). Among others, weight gain is one of the observed side effects of both chemotherapy and other cancer treatments; however, the mechanism is not well-described. In this study, we aimed to assess thyroid function before and shortly after the course of chemotherapy for EBC. This is a prospective cohort study of women diagnosed with EBC. The main outcome was the thyroid function and body weight before and after completing chemotherapy. Secondary outcomes were the presence of thyroid autoantibodies and treatment radiation dosage. We included 72 patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, whereas 59 patients also received supraclavicular locoregional radiotherapy. Triple-negative breast cancer (BC) patients receiving chemoimmunotherapy were excluded. After the chemotherapy, we observed an increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone (p = 0.03) and a decrease in free-thyroxine (p = 0.0006), with no significant weight change. The prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis was low. On average 3 months post-chemo, we found no statistically significant difference in the thyroid function of women treated versus not treated with supraclavicular locoregional radiotherapy. Although statistically significant changes in thyroid hormones were observed, this study suggests no obvious clinically significant changes in thyroid function in women with early BC after the course of chemotherapy. The decrease in thyroid function was not related to autoimmunity, non-thyroidal illness, radiotherapy, or high-dose corticosteroids. Further studies with a longer follow-up of thyroid function after adjuvant chemotherapy and supraclavicular locoregional radiotherapy are needed.

A Critical Investigation of Sick Euthyroid Syndrome in Chronic Heart Failure Patients: Addressing the Need for Accurate Thyroid Assessment.

Background The body undergoes numerous metabolic changes during severe illness or physiological stress to protect itself by lowering metabolism and reducing overall demands. This evolutionary adaptation dates back to early human development, long before the advent of ICU facilities and advanced treatments. One such protective mechanism is Sick Euthyroid Syndrome (SES), also known as Non-thyroidal Illness Syndrome (NTIS). SES commonly occurs in critically ill patients and is frequently observed in conditions such as heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and severe sepsis. This syndrome is characterized by abnormal thyroid function tests in patients with acute or chronic systemic illnesses who do not have intrinsic thyroid disease. Typically, these patients exhibit low serum levels of triiodothyronine (T3), normal or low levels of thyroxine (T4), and normal or low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. SES is believed to be an adaptive response to illness, aimed at reducing the body's metabolic rate and conserving energy during severe physiological stress. This original article delves into SES's prevalence and clinical impact in these settings. Materials and methods The study aims to determine the prevalence of SES in patients with long-standing heart failure, elucidate the relationship between thyroid function and heart failure severity, and assess its impact on various hematological and clinical parameters. This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, India, a 2011-bed hospital, over one and a half years. This study included 70 patients with chronic heart failure, aged 18 years and above, defined by a left ventricular ejection fraction of 40% or less and a Boston criteria score of 8 or more. Patients were excluded if they had a history of thyroid dysfunction, clinical sepsis, or were taking thyroid-affecting drugs. Results The study provides important insights into the prevalence and impact of SES in long-standing heart failure patients. It found that a significant 44.29% of these patients exhibited low T3 levels, highlighting the substantial occurrence of SES in this population. Additionally, the study revealed a negative correlation between N-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, Boston score, and total T3, suggesting that as indicators of heart failure severity worsen, total T3 levels may decrease further. Another key finding is the high prevalence of anemia among heart failure patients, with a notable gender disparity: 92.11% of male patients were affected compared to 50% of female patients. Conclusion The study concluded that SES is significantly prevalent among long-standing heart failure patients, further indicating that thyroid suppression increases with the severity of heart failure. Recognizing SES can guide tailored treatments, prompting intensive monitoring and optimized heart failure management.Additionally, the study found a high prevalence of anemia, particularly among male patients, highlighting the need for gender-specific considerations in managing heart failure. These findings underscore the importance of routine thyroid function assessments and regular monitoring of anemia in heart failure patients. Future research should focus on improving clinical outcomes through comprehensive management of both thyroid function and anemia in these patients.

A novel maternal thyroid disease prediction using multi-scale vision transformer architecture with improved linguistic hedges neural-fuzzy classifier.

Early pregnancy thyroid function assessment in mothers is covered. The benefits of using load-specific reference ranges are well-established. We pondered whether the categorization of maternal thyroid function would change if multiple blood samples obtained early in pregnancy were used. Even though binary classification is a common goal of current disease diagnosis techniques, the data sets are small, and the outcomes are not validated. Most current approaches concentrate on model optimization, focusing less on feature engineering. The suggested method can predict increased protein binding, non-thyroid syndrome (NTIS) (simultaneous non-thyroid disease), autoimmune thyroiditis (compensated hypothyroidism), and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (primary hypothyroidism). In this paper, we develop an automatic thyroid nodule classification system using a multi-scale vision transformer and image enhancement. Graph equalization is the chosen technique for image enhancement, and in our experiments, we used neural networks with four-layer network nodes. This work presents an enhanced linguistic coverage neuro-fuzzy classifier with chosen features for thyroid disease feature selection diagnosis. The training procedure is optimized, and a multi-scale vision transformer network is employed. Each hop connection in Dense Net now has trainable weight parameters, altering the architecture. Images of thyroid nodules from 508 patients make up the data set for this article. Sets of 80% training and 20% validation and 70% training and 30% validation are created from the data. Simultaneously, we take into account how the number of training iterations, network structure, activation function of network nodes, and other factors affect the classification outcomes. According to the experimental results, the best number of training iterations is 500, the logistic function is the best activation function, and the ideal network structure is 2500-40-2-1. K-fold validation and performance comparison with previous research validate the suggested methodology's enhanced effectiveness.

QOL-39. FATIGUE AS A RISK FACTOR FOR REDUCED SOCIAL CONNECTEDNESS IN PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOR SURVIVORS

Abstract BACKGROUND Pediatric brain tumor survivors (PBTS) experience reduced social connectedness, including fewer friendships, less social acceptance, and greater isolation. Identifying modifiable factors contributing to social issues would yield treatment opportunities. Fatigue is common among PBTS and may relate to social challenges. This study evaluated fatigue among PBTS and its associations with various indices of social connectedness. METHODS Survivors (N = 34) of three types of brain tumors—medulloblastoma (N = 11), pilocytic astrocytoma (N = 15), and craniopharyngioma (N = 8)—completed self-reported measures of fatigue and social connectedness. Laboratory studies assessed thyroid function and growth hormone status. Caregivers completed measures of social functioning. Descriptive statistics summarized fatigue and endorsement of fatigue items. ANOVAs, t-tests, and Pearson correlations evaluated fatigue according to various medical factors, and Pearson correlations evaluated associations between self-reported fatigue and indices of social connectedness. RESULTS Over 20% of survivors reported elevated fatigue, with 53% and 35% indicating fatigue interfering with attention and socialization, respectively. We did not detect associations between self-reported fatigue and diagnosis, current age or age at diagnosis, time since end of treatment, or history of chemotherapy or cranial radiation therapy. We did not detect an association between BMI Z-score and collected hormones. Mean T scores on the self-reported peer relationships measure were below the reference mean (M = 45.8, SD = 11.9), with 22% of survivors endorsing concerns. Higher self-reported fatigue was significantly correlated with poorer self-reported peer relationships (r = -.62, p &amp;lt; 0.001) and more parent-reported social impairments (r =.61, p &amp;lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Fatigue is common among PBTS and may interfere with peer relationships. Clinicians should screen for fatigue as a risk factor for reduced social connectedness. Further research is needed to identify predictors of fatigue and social difficulties and determine temporal associations between fatigue and social connectedness.

Thyroid function assessment in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2

Thyroid function assessment in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2

Thyroid and Lipid Profile Dysfunction among Obese versus Non-Obese Individuals Study Design

Obesity, a complex disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, manifests through intricate interactions. Objective: To assess thyroid function tests and serum lipid profiles in obese and non-obese individuals. Methods: This cross sectional observational study was conducted over six months from July to December 2023 at the medical outpatient department of Shahida Islam Medical College, after obtaining ethical approval (IRB Ref no. SIMC/H.R./7314/23, dated May 1, 2023). A sample size of 200 was calculated, divided equally into obese (BMI &gt; 30 kg/m²) and non-obese (BMI &lt; 25 kg/m²) groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0, employing chi-square tests for significance (p &lt; 0.05). Results: Each group comprised 100 participants, with mean ages of 42.49 ± 9.0 years for the obese and 43.83 ± 6.2 years for the non-obese group. Females constituted 62% of the obese and 51% of the non-obese group. Mean BMI was 35.8 kg/m² and 26.6 kg/m² in the obese and non-obese groups, respectively. Obese individuals exhibited higher mean total cholesterol (173 ± 40.77 mg/dl vs. 134 ± 29.62 mg/dl, p = 0.05) and significant differences in HDL, LDL, triglycerides, TSH, T3, and T4 levels (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Obesity is associated with adverse thyroid and lipid profiles, with a higher prevalence among females. These findings underscore the importance of addressing these metabolic factors in obesity management.

Association between Thyroid Function and Insulin Resistance Indices in Korean Adolescents: Findings from the 2014-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

This study investigated the sex-specific association between thyroid function and various insulin resistance (IR) indices, including noninsulin-based IR indices, in euthyroid adolescents. A total of 465 adolescents (aged 12-18 years; 255 boys and 210 girls) based on data from the 2014-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. Serum thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]) and free thyroxine (fT4) were used to assess thyroid function, whereas the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI), glucose/insulin ratio (GIR), triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio were used to assess IR. The relationship between thyroid function and IR was analyzed using multiple linear regressions stratified by sex, considering obesity status. The relationship between thyroid function and IR varied depending on sex and was more pronounced in the overweight/obesity subgroup for both boys and girls. In overweight and obese boys and girls, fT4 was significantly associated with HOMA-IR and QUICKI with conflicting association directions. TSH was also positively associated with the TyG index in both sexes. The findings suggest that the relationship between thyroid function and IR in adolescents might vary depending on sex, and the degree of association was significant in obese adolescents.

To study thyroid profile in CKD patients in Eastern Uttar Pradesh

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a universal pandemic that has evolved into a serious public health problem that imposes a significant socioeconomic burden. Thyroid profile is disrupted in CKD patients due to aberrant thyroid hormone metabolism. The purpose of our study was to assess thyroid function in people who had chronic renal disease (CKD).According to the inclusion-exclusion criteria, this cross-sectional observational research enrolled 150 chronic renal disease patients.All patients who met the above criteria underwent a detailed history as well as a general and systemic examination. Thyroid function tests, USG entire abdomen, chest X-ray, ECG, and 2D Echocardiogram, were performed. There were 84 men and 66 women among the 150 CKD patients. Thyroid hormone abnormalities were found in 93.3 % of the individuals. 14.7 % of the participants had hypothyroidism, 14.7 % had low T3 and T4 readings, 10% had low T4 values alone, 38 % had low T3 only, and 17% had subclinical hypothyroidism. Low T3 levels (58 %) were the most prevalent thyroid anomaly, with or without low T4 or elevated TSH levels. Low T3 levels were more common in patients with advanced CKD.Thyroid hormone abnormalities are linked to different stages of chronic renal disease.

Thyroid Functionsand Thyroid Lesions in Children with Hodgkin Lymphoma and Central Nervous System Tumors Who Received Radiotherapy to the Head and Neck Region

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess thyroid function and lesions after radiotherapy to the head and neck region in children with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) or central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Material and Methods: The study included children diagnosed with HL or CNS tumors who were in complete remission at least one year after completion of chemotherapy (CT) and who had all received radiotherapy (RT) to the head and/or neck. All patients were requested to undergo thyroid function tests and thyroid ultrasonography (USG). Results: A total of 37 patients were included. The mean age was 13.7±3.8 years. The mean follow-up time was 5.09±2.5 years. All patients had CT and RT. Seven (18.9%) patients had subclinical hypothyroidism, and 7 (18.9%) had thyroid USG abnormalities. None of the patients had thyroid malignancy. Age under 10 years at diagnosis, follow-up time of 3 years or more, and an RT dose of 25 Gy or more were found as effective factors for subclinical hypothyroidism development. Only an RT dose of 25 Gy or more was found to be related to thyroid USG abnormalities. Conclusion: Thyroid function tests and thyroid imaging should be routinely examined in any patient who has been treated for cancer to evaluate thyroid dysfunction regardless of clinical findings and the follow-up of these patients should be lifelong.

Transient Hyperthyroidism of Hyperemesis Gravidarum: A Case Report from Rural Kenya

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the transient hyperthyroidism of hyperemesis gravidarum: A case report from rural Kenya.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.&#x0D; Findings: Hyperthyroidism complicates 0.2-0.4% of pregnancies. It may be diagnosed in the setting of hyperemesis gravidarum and can be pathological or transient. Untreated pathological hyperthyroidism has adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Transient hyperthyroidism of hyperemesis gravidarum (THHG) affects up to 60% of women with hyperemesis, is self-limiting, and needs no antithyroid drug treatment. A diagnosis of THHG (rather than overt pathological hyperthyroidism) should be made when hyperthyroidism occurs in the setting of hyperemesis gravidarum and in the absence of pre-pregnancy hyperthyroidism, clinical findings compatible with maternal hyperthyroidism, and a negative antithyroid autoimmune profile. THHG resolves by the end of the first trimester without adverse pregnancy outcomes. We present a case from a rural Kenyan hospital to highlight the clinical profile and management of THHG for the primary care physician.&#x0D; Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Assessment of thyroid functions is indicated in hyperemesis gravidarum, where there are clinical features of hyperthyroidism. THHG is a self-limiting benign condition that may inappropriately lead to unnecessary drug treatment for pathological hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. A diagnosis of THHG should be made when a laboratory picture of hyperthyroidism occurs in the setting of hyperemesis gravidarum in the absence of pre-pregnancy hyperthyroidism, compatible physical findings, and a negative antithyroid autoantibody profile.

Evaluation of the Thyroid Hormone Status among Normal New Born Preterm Infants

Introduction: Thyroid dysfunction poses a greater risk in preterm newborns (PN) compared to term newborns (TN), often eluding detection in neonatal screening due to delayed thyrotropin (TSH) elevation in these cases. Objective: To assess thyroid function during the second week of life in PN born before 32 weeks gestation and identify factors associated with its alteration. Methods: A retrospective study examined thyroid function in &lt; 32 weeks gestation neonates, analyzing thyroxine (T4L) and TSH levels in relation to perinatal and neonatal outcomes. The study included 358 patients with a mean gestational age of 29.3 weeks and a mean birth weight of 1127 grams. Results: Linear correlations were observed between T4L and birth weight (BW) (R=0.356; p&lt;0.001) and gestational age (GA) (R=0.442; p&lt;0.001). TSH values were associated with small for gestational age (SGA) (5.3 mU/L [1.5-37] for SGA vs. 2.89 mU/L [0.2-19.5] for non-SGA; p&lt;0.001), inotropic support (3.98 mU/L [0.6-22.9] for Yes vs. 3.16 mU/L [0.2-37] for No; p=0.019), and BW (R=-0.249; p&lt;0.001). Levothyroxine treatment was administered to 2.5% of patients, with six being SGA. Conclusions: Analyzing thyroid function in the second week aids in identifying asymptomatic newborns at risk of thyroid dysfunction, particularly in the case of SGA newborns who exhibit a higher susceptibility to thyroid function alterations.

Color Doppler ultrasound and real-time elastography in patients with hypothyroidism for the prediction of levothyroxine replacement: a cross-sectional study of 338 patients.

While hormonal assays are commonly used for thyroid function assessment, Doppler sonography provides valuable information on vascularization and blood flow. This study aimed to examine the potential associations between Doppler parameters and clinical characteristics of hypothyroid patients, such as the autoimmune nature of the disease and adequacy of LT4 replacement. A total of 338 patients with hypothyroidism, primarily caused by autoimmune thyroiditis (AT), were enrolled in this study. Exclusion criteria comprised specific medical conditions, medication history, and nodular abnormalities of the thyroid gland. Patient demographics (age, sex, BMI), treatment parameters (LT4 daily dose), and thyroid hormone levels (TSH, fT4) were recorded. Among the enrolled patients, 85.2% had autoimmune thyroiditis. Suboptimal levothyroxine (LT4) replacement was observed in 20.1% of patients at the time of enrollment. Patients with autoimmune thyroiditis had increased elastography ratios compared to those without autoimmune disease and present a positive association of elastography ratios with vascularity. In patients without autoimmune thyroiditis, those with suboptimal LT4 replacement had lower total thyroid volume. Patients with suboptimal LT4 replacement had higher peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) in the inferior thyroid artery and lower resistive index (RI). The severity of hypothyroidism, as indicated by LT4 dose/body mass index (BMI), was negatively correlated with thyroid volume and EDV values of superior and inferior thyroid arteries. PSV of the inferior thyroid artery can predict suboptimal LT4 replacement (sensitivity 81.8%, specificity 42%). In situations where obtaining blood tests may be challenging, utilizing color Doppler ultrasound can serve as an alternative method to assess treatment responses and identify patients who require further hormonal examinations.

Determination of Capillary Blood TSH and Free Thyroxine Levels Using Digital Immunoassay.

The remote performance of thyroid function blood tests is complicated because it requires blood collection. To compare TSH and free thyroxine (FT4) levels between capillary and venous blood and assess the adequacy of measuring each value in capillary blood. This prospective intervention study was conducted at Ito Hospital and was based on the clinical research method. The participants were 5 healthy female volunteers and 50 patients (41 females and 9 males) between the ages of 23 and 81 years. To measure TSH and FT4 levels in capillary and venous blood, a digital immunoassay (d-IA) method capable of measuring trace samples was used. Chemiluminescence measurements were used as controls. Values obtained for each assay system were compared using Spearman's correlation analysis. Capillary blood was collected using an autologous device (TAP II; not approved in Japan). Capillary plasma volume obtained using TAP II was 125 µL or more in 26 cases, 25 µL to 124 µL in 24 cases, and less than 25 µL in 5 cases. Strong correlations were noted in the TSH and FT4 levels between capillary and venous blood, with correlation coefficients of rs = 0.99 and rs = 0.97, respectively. Capillary TSH and FT4 levels strongly correlate with venous blood values. Trace samples can be used in high-precision d-IA methods. These results may promote telemedicine in assessing thyroid function.

1943 Thyroid dysfunction and its relationship with cardiometabolic risk in a South American cohort, cross-sectional study

Abstract Introduction A growing body of evidence suggests that metabolic syndrome is associated with endocrine disorders, including thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome may further increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, thus increasing mortality. This study was conducted to assess thyroid function in patients with metabolic syndrome and to assess its relationship to components of metabolic syndrome. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out among 170 geriatric patients. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, waist circumference) and blood pressure were taken. Fasting blood samples were analysed for glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone). Results Thyroid dysfunction was observed in 31.9% (n = 54) of the patients with metabolic syndrome. Subclinical hypothyroidism (26.6%) was the main thyroid dysfunction, followed by overt hypothyroidism (3.5%) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (1.7%). Thyroid dysfunction was much more common in women (39.7%, n = 29) than in men (26%, n = 25), but not statistically significant (p = 0.068). The relative risk of having thyroid dysfunction in women was 1.525 (CI: 0.983-2.368) compared to men. Significant differences (p = 0.001) were observed in waist circumference between patients with and without thyroid dysfunction and HDL cholesterol that had a significant negative correlation with thyroid-stimulating hormone. Conclusion Thyroid dysfunction, particularly subclinical hypothyroidism, is common among patients with metabolic syndrome and is associated with some components of metabolic syndrome (waist circumference and HDL cholesterol). Keywords: metabolic syndrome, hypothyroidism, cardiovascular diseases.