Assessment Of Technologies Research Articles

Comprehensive assessment of hydraulic fracturing technology efficiency for well construction during hydrocarbon production

The oil and gas industry has been an integral and fundamental sector of the Russian economy for the past few years. The main problems of this industry have traditionally been the deteriorating structure of oil reserves; depreciation of main assets; slowdown and decline in oil production. Recently these have been complicated by a number of new negative trends related to underinvestment, limited financial resources, deteriorating access to new equipment and technologies. The task of the research is to make a comprehensive assessment of hydraulic fracturing technology during well construction and to increase the recovery and intensification of hydrocarbons production. In this research, modeling techniques were used to assess the productivity of each fracture. Geophysical methods (seismic survey) were used to determine the geomechanical properties of the formation. Comprehensive assessment of hydraulic fracturing technology during well construction was carried out, which allowed to increase vertical permeability and unite disparate parts of the reservoir in practice, and to determine the development efficiency of the hydrocarbon field.

THE NEED TO TEACH PROFESSIONAL ETHICS FOR FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN TECHNICAL HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

The most modern renewal of intellectual resources of our country begins first of all with the renewal of all levels of the education system. Special attention is paid to higher education and the choice of priorities for its qualitative change: intensity and efficiency of the cognitive process. Understanding by a technical university student of the reasons for the contradictory views of our contemporaries on traditional morals, morality, values, etiquette is a real need that allows him to avoid illusions and stereotypes in his professional activity. The ability of a future programmer to work effectively in a team, to communicate both within his profession and in society as a whole, following the rules of morality and morality, is formed during the study of ethical disciplines, especially professional ones. The need to teach ethics of professional activity in higher technical educational institution forms personal and social competences of future specialist as the most important element of professionalism (D’yachenko, 1976). The article is devoted to the problem of the need to introduce professional ethics for students in technical higher education institutions. The emphasis of the work is on the need to strengthen the educational component in the system of higher education. To solve the problem, it is proposed to more actively introduce an ethical component into the professional training, which includes not only students' comprehension of the codes of professional ethics of future programmers, but also consideration of social and ethical issues related to IT activities and moral assessment of technology in general.

Maturity Assessment of Critical Technologies

A maturity assessment of technological projects is becoming an increasingly popular tool for innovation policy. It enables the accurate determining of risks and opportunities related to the creation of high-tech products. Determining the degree of technology readiness, especially at early stages of development, increases the performance of not only government programs, but also of business projects. This article presents a software interface for such expertise, the IAE/ITA TRL Calculator, designed for the Brazilian aerospace sector. The validation within a number of cases revealed its potential applicability in a wide variety of industries. This innovative software product includes a quality user guide and an improved visual interface that allows for easy and quick identification of issues that require additional effort in order to move the evaluated technology project to a higher level of readiness.

Pentecostalism and media in Africa: Theoretical explorations of power and agency of media platforms and their users

AbstractThis survey paper interrogates four theoretical frameworks often invoked to analyze intersections between media and religion: mediatization, mediation of meaning, mediation of the beyond, and religious social shaping of technology. The paper surveys several research works informed by the aforementioned theories that study Pentecostals' engagement with different forms of media in Africa. This paper suggests that these theories need to be revised to provide a balanced assessment of Pentecostalism and media technologies. Advancements in technology, particularly sophisticated of algorithms, transformed media into an intelligent and dynamic space that enormously influences media consumers. The theory of mediatization gave power and agency to media logic. However, the other theories (mediation of meaning, mediation of the beyond, and religious social shaping of technology) focused on human agency and saw media as an inert space with many features that users can use as they see fit. To remedy this unbalanced relationship, the paper calls for a new theory that accounts for the agency of both the users and the media platforms.

Cluster approach to criteria evaluation of the quality of a student’s educational outcome

Problem and goal . The issues of criteria-based evaluation of the student's educational results remain relevant for the modern theory and practice of education. As a rule, measures to monitor educational results and resources in educational institutions are carried out by expert, manual, non-automated methods. In accordance with the directions of digital transformation of education, it is necessary to create a technological assessment system that meets the requirements of modern society, subject to automation and intellectualization. The purpose of the work is to substantiate a new model of criteria-based assessment of the quality of the educational result, based on the mathematical methods of the theory of clustering and pattern recognition and allowing to automate the procedures for assessing the quality of educational objects, resources, educational and personal achievements of students. Methodology. The quality of an educational result or resource is determined by criteria indicators, which can be represented as features of the evaluated object using the information vector. By clustering the set of acceptable objects into three classes - with low, medium and high quality - it is possible to evaluate an object by its belonging to one of these classes. Clustering is carried out on the basis of a mining algorithm, the metric of city blocks is taken as a measure of the similarity of objects. Results. A program has been developed that consists of a source data module, a clustering module, and a recognition and training module. The model results of the program correlate with traditional rating assessments, in which the quality of the object is determined by a point scale. The obtained test results confirm the validity of the recognition algorithm and the correctness of the software product. Conclusion. Thus, the proposed model based on clustering and the recognition method showed the possibility of automated assessment of the quality of educational results of trainees and educational resources.

Research on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Economic Assessment of Biomass Gasification Power Generation Technology in China Based on LCA Method

China is rich in biomass resources, taking straw as an example, the amount of straw in China is 735 million tons in 2021. However, at the level of resource use, biomass resources have the practical difficulties of being widely distributed and difficult to achieve large-scale application. By collecting large amounts of biomass and generating electricity using gasification technology, we can effectively increase the resource utilization of biomass and also improve China’s energy security. By using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach, this paper conducted a life cycle assessment with local biomass gasification power generation data in China and found that the LCA greenhouse gas emissions of biomass gasification power generation technology is 8.68 t CO2 e/104 kWh and the LCA cost is 674 USD/104 kWh. Biomass gasification power generation technology has a 14.7% reduction in whole life carbon emissions compared to coal power generation technology. This paper finds that gas-fired power generation processes result in the largest carbon emissions. In terms of economics, this paper finds that natural gas brings the most additional costs as an external heat source.

Technological Assessment on Steam Reforming Process of Crude Glycerol to Produce Hydrogen in an Integrated Waste Cooking-Oil-Based Biodiesel Production Scenario

The current scenario of society is to produce fuel from renewable energy resources. The purpose of this research work is to develop an integrated approach for glycerol valorization and biodiesel production. Employing a range of methodologies widely used in the industry, technical analysis and assessments of the process’s applicability in real-world situations are also made. The integrated process plant is simulated using Aspen Plus®. Several different sensitivity analyses are carried out to describe the process that improves efficiency and are designed to maximize hydrogen recovery from the reforming section. The integrated process results are compared with several existing standalone biodiesel production processes. Additionally, the results are verified with the theoretical studies on glycerol valorization. The outcomes of the process plant simulation reveal coherent results with the current industrial standards for the two processes. The results show that the amount of glycerol produced (stream 7) is 60.72 kmol/h in mass flow rate, this translates to 7272.74 kg/h. The hydrogen produced is 488.76 kmol/h and, in mass flow rate, this translates to 985.3 kg/h. The total yield of hydrogen produced is around 13%. The biodiesel yield is at 92.5%. It shows a realistic recovery that would be attained if the process is implemented, contrary to theoretical studies.

Assessment of Restoration Technology in Typical Ecological Degradation Regions

In the face of increasingly severe ecological degradation in the typical fragile ecological regions around the world, many different ecological technologies (ET) have been developed. However, there is still a lack of any comprehensive analysis of these technologies and the effects of their implementation on regional ecological systems, and this largely limits the promotion of the excellent technologies and their applications. Based on the Web of Science core online database and specific literature screening criteria, 3409 papers were selected to summarize and analyze the development trends, research hotspots and regional comparisons of ecological technology effect research. Furthermore, 19 publications from 14 regions were selected to compare and analyze the effects of eight commonly applied ET: shelterbelt, artificial afforestation, water-saving irrigation, terrace, stereo-agriculture, contour tillage, ban/rest/rotational grazing and fallow/no tillage/minimum tillage. The results show four key features: (1) The research on the effect of ecological technology is still in the period of continuous development. (2) “Erosion” is the largest node in the keyword co-occurrence map of ecological technologies effect research, followed by “management”. (3) Most countries pay attention to the studies of “erosion” and “runoff”, although there are differences in research on the effects of ecological technologies in different countries. (4) The same technology could be applied to different regions but the effects varied, and the ecological technologies that have been implemented have generally achieved good restoration effects; however, the improper use of ecological technologies may bring negative consequences. This study provides important support for ecosystem restoration and improvement in the ecologically degraded areas in China and around the world, and it provides a reference for the export and introduction of excellent technologies.

Renewable Energy Resources Technologies and Life Cycle Assessment: Review

Moving towards RER has become imperative to achieve sustainable development goals (SDG). Renewable energy resources (RER) are characterized by uncertainty whereas, most of them are unpredictable and variable according to climatic conditions. This paper focuses on RER-based electrical power plants as a base to achieve two different goals, SDG7 (obtaining reasonably priced clean energy) and SDG13 (reducing climate change). These goals in turn would support other environmental, social, and economic SDG. This study is constructed based on two pillars which are technological developments and life cycle assessment (LCA) for wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal power plants. To support the study and achieve the main point, many essential topics are presented in brief such as fossil fuels’ environmental impact, economic sustainability linkage to RER, the current contribution of RER in energy consumption worldwide and barriers and environmental effects of RER under consideration. As a result, solar and wind energy lead the RER electricity market with major contributions of 27.7% and 26.92%, respectively, biomass and geothermal are still of negligible contributions at 4.68% and 0.5%, respectively, offshore HAWT dominated other WT techniques, silicon-based PV cells dominated other solar PV technologies with 27% efficiency, combustion thermochemical energy conversion process dominated other biomass energy systems techniques, due to many concerns geothermal energy system is not preferable. Many emerging technologies need to receive more public attention, intensive research, financial support, and governmental facilities including effective policies and data availability.

Assessing the barriers of digitally sustainable transportation system for persons with disabilities using Fermatean fuzzy double normalization-based multiple aggregation method

Digital technology can guarantee safety and security improvement in public transport together with increasing affordability for disabled travelers. This study aims to propose a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making method for prioritizing the digital technologies under sustainable transportation of disabled travelers under Fermatean fuzzy set context. For this purpose, main barriers are identified to implement the digital transportation under sustainable transportation for person with disabilities (PWDs). In the proposed method, firstly a novel weighting model is proposed to find the weights of the decision makers. Second, some Fermatean fuzzy interaction aggregation operators (AOs) are introduced to aggregate the decision information. Third, a combined criteria weight-determining model is developed based on Fermatean fuzzy criteria Importance through inter-criteria correlation and stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis models, which can overcome the insufficiencies of individual objective or subjective model. Based on the proposed AOs and weighting models, a hybrid double normalization-based multi-aggregation approach is proposed from Fermatean fuzzy perspective. Finally, a case study of digital technologies assessment for PWDs with sensitivity and comparative analyses are executed to illustrate the potentiality and practicality of the present approach. According to the findings, the most significant barriers to implement digital technology under sustainable transportation for PWDs are administrative restrictions (0.0819), inappropriate driver attitude (0.0791), and unable to secure wheelchair on vehicle (0.776), respectively. The evaluation results also show that the option artificial intelligence and machine learning has the highest overall utility degree (0.6701) among a set of five digital technologies. Hence, the findings of the study indicate that the present method can be used by public or private organizations to improve the transportation services for PWDs.

Performance Analysis of Existing ITS Technologies: Evaluation and Coexistence

The performance of vehicular communication technologies changes dynamically according to the application requirements considering data rate, communication ranges, latency, etc. These applications are evolving rapidly and should enhance intelligent transport systems (ITS) such as road safety and automated driving. However, to reach the required quality, these applications need many radio resources to carry the potential traffic load resulting from the environmental perception and data exchanged between the different entities. Therefore, an assessment of vehicular communication technologies' reliability and resilience under these conditions is required to address the multiple challenges of the ITS services. The paper's main contribution is to propose a comprehensive analysis model able to evaluate and compare the performances of ITS technologies according to different constraints related to environment-changing situations. This analysis examines the channel occupancy and provides simulation results which allow the identification of the suitable configurations and the most appropriate technology for a given use case. We also propose a coexistence solution between these technologies based on density-sharing according to the use case requirements and the availability of the technology. Finally, we present the challenge of adaptive configuration in vehicular networks, which helps to provide the optimal structure through road profiles and environment variability (infrastructure, data, etc.). Results show different trade offs and limitations between the considered ITS technologies, which are essential to understand their behaviour in a realistic environment.

Life Cycle Assessment and Cost-Benefit Analysis of Technologies in Water Resource Recovery Facilities: The Case of Sludge Pyrolysis.

In Europe, sewage sludge is mostly used in agriculture (49%) or incinerated (25%). Technologies for sludge management that can support the transformation of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) are emerging. Sludge pyrolysis is one of them. It can generate two main high-value co-products: heat and biochar. Moreover, biochar can be transformed into activated carbon. The economic and environmental impacts of sludge pyrolysis and its comparison to the direct application of sludge in agriculture and incineration are unknown. Therefore, we applied a life cycle assessment (LCA) and a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) of sludge pyrolysis. We quantified environmental externalities in an LCA and then applied the benefit transfer method to monetize these externalities, which were included in an economic CBA. Pyrolysis reduced impacts in five to nine LCA categories and had a positive economic net present value (NPV) compared to using sludge in agriculture. Pyrolysis with biochar production was not better than incineration, showing increased impacts in nine categories and negative NPVs (-19 to -22 €/t sludge). The factor driving differences between the alternatives was the assumed CO2 externality price (164 €/ton CO2-eq) and the removal rate of pharmaceutical micropollutants of the sludge-based activated carbon. High uncertainty in environmental prices is one of the limitations of our study.

OP13 EUnetHTA Relative Effectiveness Assessments Of Pharmaceutical And Other Technologies: Procedural Changes Implemented During Joint Action 3

IntroductionThe European Network for Health Technology Assessment (EUnetHTA) Joint Action 3 (JA3) aimed to develop a sustainable European model for scientific and technical collaboration on HTA. It succeeded EUnetHTA JA2, which focused on strengthening practical applications of approaches and tools in the European HTA collaboration. Compared to JA2, several changes in procedures and processes were undertaken throughout JA3 in order to improve the different steps in joint HTA production.MethodsFindings and identified challenges regarding the assessment production processes from JA2 were considered as a basis. In JA3, vast majority of structured and informal feedback was gathered from the assessment teams and project managers via feedback surveys and meetings. Only limited informal feedback from stakeholders (such as patients, health care professionals, and health technology developers) that were involved in EUnetHTA assessments was collected. To this end, experiences were documented and recommendations for a future production process were developed.ResultsDuring the course of JA3, the joint production resulted in 16 pharmaceutical assessments and 27 assessments of other technologies. The latter included medical devices, diagnostics, interventions, and screening. Due to the different context of pharmaceuticals and other technologies, some technology-specific changes needed to be made in their production process. However, the majority of implemented changes were made for both types of technologies to ensure maximum possible alignment in processes. The implemented changes affected several steps in the production process as well as the involvement of stakeholders in EUnetHTA assessments. The production and related project management of assessments was fine-tuned and resulted in clearer, standardized, and comprehensible processes that facilitated transparency and inclusiveness.ConclusionsThe procedural changes led to further standardization and elaboration of assessment production processes in preparation for a future European HTA system under the EU HTA Regulation. However, some methodological challenges remained to be tackled further in the currently ongoing EUnetHTA 21 service contract.

PD52 The Role Of Public Consultation In CONITEC Recommendations Between 2012 And 2020: An Introductory Analysis

IntroductionPublic consultation is a strategy for patient and public involvement (PPI) assured by the National Committee for Health Technology Incorporation in Brazilian Public Health System (CONITEC)´s normative framework. It aims to obtain society’s views on the matters under evaluation. It is made available after CONITEC issues an initial recommendation, which will be reviewed in light of society contributions. This paper examines the cases where the final recommendations differed from the initial ones in technology assessments carried out between 2012 and 2020, taking into account the arguments used by the CONITEC Plenary to support the modification.MethodsFrom a total of 361 public consultations referring to the assessment of health technologies carried out by CONITEC between 2012 and 2020, 40 final reports of health technology assessment (HTA) processes that had changes from the initial to the final recommendation were examined. Then, analytical categories were built so that justifications for the change were investigated and the interpretations produced. The empirical approach excluded public consultations regarding clinical protocols and therapeutic guidelines.ResultsIt was observed that, in 39 cases, the change occurred from an unfavorable position to a favorable position for the technology incorporation. The main reasons for changing the plenary’s decision were proposals to renegotiate the prices of technologies (that generate changes in the results of economic evaluation and budget impact analysis), the receipt of new evidence and experience, and opinion arguments sent mainly by health professionals.ConclusionsThe analyzed data has shown that the changes in recommendations are mostly based on the content of contributions which led to changes in the assessment of clinical evidence, economic evaluation and budget impact. Thus, it appears that public consultation has been consolidated as a relevant instrument to inform the deliberative process in HTA in Brazilian Public Health System.

OP76 “Thunderbirds Are Go!” Rapid Response HTA Outputs For COVID-19

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for rapid assessment of potential health technologies that can improve health outcomes in COVID-19 patients, as well as helping pressurized health service provision. Medical technologies play a key role in the COVID-19 pandemic, especially diagnostic tests and respiratory technologies. This study evaluates the rapid response work that the medical technology evaluation programme (MTEP) at the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has done in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsCompanies routinely submit medical technologies for evaluation by NICE through HealthTech Connect, which is an online portal for devices, diagnostics and digital technologies intended for use in the NHS or wider United Kingdom health and care system. During the COVID-19 pandemic, companies were able to use a designated email address if they perceived their technology may benefit the healthcare system regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. This new system bypassed the usual full registration and data submission. All technologies were reviewed that were submitted via HealthTech connect and email between March 2020 and June 2021.ResultsDuring this period, 20 technologies were submitted to MTEP. Most of these technologies were submitted via email. These technologies consisted of a mix of digital, diagnostic, and respiratory technologies. Seven technologies were selected for a rapid COVID-19 MedTech innovation briefing (MIB), with one specifically addressing issues around waiting lists because of knock-on effects of COVID-19 restricting normal clinical work. A further six technologies were not selected because of limited evidence, while one was not selected because it was not perceived as innovative. The other five technologies were progressed as normal MIBs as there was not enough evidence of potential benefits related to COVID-19 to expedite to a rapid COVID-19 MIB. In total, two technologies were selected for medical technology guidance (myCOPD and Anaconda) and are currently in development.ConclusionsMTEP has responded to the COVID-19 pandemic by prioritising and producing rapid COVID-19 MIBs on technologies to improve health and social care.

PP151 VALIDATE Methodology On A Medication-Related Clinical Decision Support System: Holistic Assessment For Optimal Technology Adoption

IntroductionIn the past decade, health technology assessment (HTA) has narrowed its scope to analyses of mainly clinical and economic benefits. Technology challenges in the 21st century emphasize the need for holistic assessments to obtain accurate recommendations for decision-making, as in HTA’s foundations. Using the VALues In Doing Assessments of health TEchnologies (VALIDATE) methodology for complex technologies provides a deeper understanding of problems through analysis of stakeholders’ views, allowing for more comprehensive HTAs. This study aimed to assess a pharmaceutical clinical decision support system (CDSS) using VALIDATE.MethodsSemi-structured interviews with different stakeholders were conducted in the following domains: problem definition (medication error [ME] occurrence and prevention); judgement of solution (existing preventive methods and previous experiences of the CDSS); background theories (future impact and personal beliefs); and barriers to and facilitators of implementation. The following individuals were interviewed: medical informatic specialists (n=3), pharmacists (n=2), nurses (n=2), physicians (n=2), CDSS company representatives (n=1), electronic health record developer (n=1), and health consultancy firm representatives (n=1). Content analysis was used to integrate and analyze the data.ResultsThe multistakeholder interviews identified various barriers to the acceptance and implementation of a pharmaceutical CDSS that were different from those reported in the literature. These included: (i) occurrence of ME (no traceability of medication taken or poor patient medication empowerment); (ii) perception of current level of MEs (huge improvement from ten years ago); (iii) perception of technology as a tool to prevent ME (not enough if only implemented at one point of care); (iv) previous experiences with a CDSS (low rates of development of CDSSs are due to medication prescriptions being digitalized last in hospitals); (v) CDSS metrics (input data should be measured to control CDSS performance); and (vi) other barriers.ConclusionsIncluding facts and stakeholders’ values in problem definition and the scoping of health technologies is essential for the proper conduct of HTAs. Incorporating views from multiple stakeholders when scoping the assessment of health technologies brings additional values to literature findings, resulting in a more holistic evaluation. The lack of multistakeholder scoping can lead to inaccurate information and result in wrong decisions about if, when, and how to adopt a CDSS.

Review on the assessment model of nutrient recycling with agricultural residues treatment technologies

The technology for nutrient resource utilization of agricultural residues is crucial to realizing a circular agricultural economy. The assessment model provides essential support to optimize nutrient recovery and treatment technologies. We specifically summarized research progress in the assessment framework of agricultural residues nutrient recycling technology, assessment models and evaluation indicators, data sources of models and their uncertainty analysis, and the application scale of models. We found that process mathematical models and industrial eco-logy models are the common nutrient flow assessment models. Process mathematical and industrial ecology models differed greatly in terms of the reliability of assessment results and the simulation scale. The former mainly focused at laboratory or pilot scale, with higher accuracy. The latter could achieve multi-scale simulation from microscopic to macroscopic and had higher uncertainty, due to the way its data were obtained. Finally, we provided an outlook on the research on the assessment model of agricultural residues nutrient resource utilisation technology. In order to achieve accurate assessment of waste resource utilisation technology in agricultural production systems at the regional scale, a reliable model framework and database should be established by combining process mathematical models with industrial ecology models. Meanwhile, we should carry out research on model expansion at the geographical scales of factory scale, farm scale, village scale, township scale, and regional scale.

Life cycle assessment and application of green technologies in dairy industry to reduce carbon footprint

Life cycle assessment and application of green technologies in dairy industry to reduce carbon footprint

Performance Study and Assessment of Electrocatalytic Treatment of Substation Domestic Sewage

In China, the power grid construction process is accelerating. At the same time, the requirements for power grid water environment management are also constantly improving. There are a large number of substations and most of them are located in the countryside and surrounded by farmland. Therefore, it is important to treat the domestic sewage of the substation to meet the relevant standards. Recently, electrocatalysis technology has attracted much attention because of its high efficiency and no secondary pollution such as sludge. However, there are few reports on the application and performance evaluation of electrocatalytic treatment of domestic sewage in substations. Therefore, the experimental research aims to treat domestic sewage in substations reaching the corresponding standard. The optimal operating parameters and comprehensive performance assessment of the electrocatalysis technology are investigated, applying iridium-tantalum, ruthenium-iridium, boron-doped diamond anodes, titanium cathodes, and carbon fiber cathodes. The results show that the application of the three anodes can efficiently treat the sewage reaching the corresponding standard, indicating that electrocatalysis is suitable for the treatment of domestic sewage in substations. Moreover, comprehensively considering cost, treatment effect, energy consumption, and reaction temperature, the composite performance of iridium tantalum anode and Ti cathode is the best. In summary, this paper provides a comprehensive study and assessment of the performance of electrocatalytic treatment of domestic sewage in substations, providing theoretical support for the water environment management of power grids.

PP53 Applying The VALIDATE Approach To Frame The Assessment Of Integrated Care Management In Aortic Valve Stenosis

IntroductionThe assessment of current technologies needs a more holistic approach to obtain accurate recommendations for decision-making. The VALues In Doing Assessments of health TEchnologies (VALIDATE) methodology considers that facts and values from all stakeholders need to be included in the scoping of an assessment to gather the comprehensive information needed for unbiased decision-making. This report aimed to explore how to properly assess the integrated care of patients with aortic valve stenosis (AVS) using the VALIDATE approach.MethodsA literature review was conducted, and 11 semi-structured interviews were performed with various hospital-based healthcare professionals (cardiac surgeon, clinical cardiologist, interventional cardiologist, anesthetist, process coordinator nurse, and others) and patients. Content analysis was used for data analysis and integration.ResultsThe literature review showed that the cardiology and cardiac surgery perspectives were dominant in 90 percent of the articles and present in the remaining ten percent. The perspectives of other specialties (anesthesiology, primary care, and psychology) were included in three percent of the articles and patient perspectives were included in nine percent. Interviewing and considering the perspectives of the different stakeholders involved in the care pathway identified the following indicators that should be included in the assessment care for patients with AVS: difficulties associated with late diagnosis of AVS; the need to incorporate a multidisciplinary approach in patient risk assessment; the importance of geriatric evaluations; considering patient (and family and caregiver) preferences for type of treatment; the importance of following up pharmaceutical treatment and palliative care; use of telemonitoring; and digital exclusion of patients with respect to the use of apps for prehabilitation and rehabilitation.ConclusionsThe stakeholders interviewed were involved in different steps of the care pathway and had differing needs, some of which were not found in the literature. The indicators suggested for inclusion in the assessment differed according to type of stakeholder and their involvement in the care pathway. Therefore, this case study exemplifies the VALIDATE method and endorses the need for multistakeholder involvement in eliciting values when scoping the assessment of a complex technology.