Assessment Of Physical Development Research Articles

Модель функціональної системи адаптивного керування навчальним процесом студента у системах е-навчання

Introduction. The current achievements of modern science are the use of specialized automated systems and applications in various fields of medicine. In the current context of health care reform, the burden on health workers who provide medical care to school-age children is growing. The purpose of the work. With the declining level of children’s health, the system of optimizing the monitoring of children’s health and their physical development is becoming an urgent issue. Results. The proposed program is based on MS Access, VBA programming language. Designed for a comprehensive automatic assessment of physical development of students on the basis of anthropometric and physiometric indicators, functional capabilities of the body and the data of medical examination. The program provides the possibility of longitudinal observation (accumulation of data) on the health and physical development of students of an educational institution or classroom during the entire period of study of students. The result of the program is the formation of reports that describe the results of medical examinations to determine the proportion of students, physical or sexual development, visual or hearing acuity which meets or does not meet the normative age. Also, students who need further counseling from specialists in various fields are identified. Conclusions. The use of the proposed software will help to improve the organization of medical care by increasing the effectiveness of health monitoring and optimizing the work of health care workers or educational institutions. Key words: Medical examinations; Database; Software packages; Children’s health.

Assessment of School Nutrition and Its Impact on Physical Development and Morbidity

Background. The state of health of modern schoolchildren occupies one of the most important positions in the modern world. Improper nutrition with an intensive educational load and low physical activity contribute to the development of “school” diseases. Aim. To assess the actual nutrition of school-age children using the example of third-grade students and to determine its impact on physical development and school morbidity. Materials and methods. The survey was conducted from November 2019 to March 2020. 33 children aged 8–9 years were studied. The nutrition of children was studied using a questionnaire for parents, which included questions about the frequency of eating various foods during the week. Physical development was assessed by height, body weight, and chest circumference. Incidence data were copied from medical records (form 026-y). The statistical analysis included the calculation of the error of relative values. Results . The children›s diet was found to lack protein products (meat, eggs, poultry). On average, 3–4 times a week, 42 ± 1.50 % consume meat, 52 ± 1.51 % poultry, and 45 ± 1.51 % eggs. There was an increased consumption of foods containing a large amount of fat and carbohydrates, so 1–2 times a week 45 ± 1.51 % eat chips, and 55 ± 1.51 % drink sweet carbonated drinks and juices. The assessment of physical development showed an increase in the number of children with disharmonious development (49 ± 1.51 % for the entire sample). Analysis of morbidity revealed the prevalence of diseases of musculoskeletal system: postural disorder – 24 ± 1.29 % of children, flat foot – 15 ± 1.08 %. Body weight indicators were higher or lower than normal in 24 ± 1.29 % of schoolchildren, including a decrease in body weight in 18 ± 1.16 % and an increase – in 6 ± 0.72 % of children. Conclusions. The study noted a lack of protein consumption, which is necessary for the implementation of growth and development, while an excess of carbohydrates inhibits these processes. Thus, nutrition plays a leading role in the health and physical development of schoolchild.

The Role of the Information Contained in School Physical Evaluation Forms in Preventing the Development of Severe Clinical Conditions in Physical Education Classes

This research analyses school physical evaluation forms obtained from one of Omsk public schools’ roll books as well as the physical development assessment of 820 students of this school. The findings uncovered a violation of the requirements of SanPiN, the provisions of the Russian Federation Ministry of Health orders regarding the maintenance of physical evaluation forms, the definition of medical groups for students in physical education, and conflicting information about the children’s health, which may cause severe clinical conditions in physical education classes. The noncompliance of the regulatory framework for RPN (in terms of the Health List) and the Russian Federation Ministry of Health (in terms of physical education regulation for children with accommodations) was also uncovered.

ORGANIZATIONAL AND METHODICAL ASPECTS OF INDIVIDUALIZATION OF HEALTH IMPROVING FEMALE TRAINING

Aim. The paper deals with theoretical and experimental substantiation of an individual approach to health-improving female training. Materials and methods. A specific individual orientation of training effects for women aged from 21 to 35 years was determined depending on their somatotypes: asthenic (n = 14), normosthenic (n = 18) and hypersthenic (n = 16). Individual somatotype-based health-improving training programs were implemented by 48 women during a nine-month macrocycle. The following research methods were used: anthropometric measurements, somatotyping, control and pedagogical tests, a set of biomedical methods, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. Distinctive somatotype features, body composition, functional status, physical fitness were determined in women engaged in shaping. The asthenic type is characterized by the smallest weight and height, as well as body circumference measurements, vital capacity, hand dynamometry, and body composition data. The hypersthenic type is described by the highest figures for the parameters studied. The normosthenic somatotype is distinguished by average data. Assessment of physical development, functional status and physical fitness in women demonstrated deviations from standard values for most indicators. The individualized method of developing health-improving female training programs based on somatotype characteristics provided statistically significant positive dynamics of physical development, body composition, functional status, physical fitness compared with the initial values. Conclusion. The focus of health-improving training programs for women aged from 21 to 35 years is determined based on morphofunctional and conditioning features that are specific for various somatotypes.

Биоимпедансометрия: достижения и клинические возможности (обзор литературы)

The article provides a review of the literature on the results of current studies on using bioimpedancemetry in clinical practice. The analysis of available domestic and foreign sources published for the past decade illustrates the practicability and broad possibilities of studying the electrical resistance of biological tissues and environments in a wide variety of medical fields. The majority of works deal with the study of practical value of the method for characterizing the nutritional status as one of the indicators of a complex assessment of physical development and human health, early detection of pathology of organs and systems, a reliable criterion for the effectiveness of therapy and prognosis of the disease. The works presented in the review characterize bioimpedance measurement as a promising method of preventive diagnostics that indisputable advantages include noninvasiveness and painlessness of the procedure, portability, and the possibility of safe repetition of the study in dynamics that is especially important in pediatric practice. The authors suggest to include this method in the standards of population survey in order to assess the health status and its monitoring.

Neuron-specific enolase as a diagnostic marker of chronic gastroduodenitis in children

Objective: to assess the nature of changes in the level of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in children suffering from chronic gastroduodenitis, depending on the severity of the disease, gender and physical development indicators.Materials and methods. The study group included 154 children aged 8–15 years with chronic gastroduodenitis. The main group includes children with superficial gastroduodenitis (group I) and erosive gastroduodenitis (group II). The control group consisted of 56 healthy children. All children underwent an assessment of physical development. The serum NSE level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It was revealed that the main parameters of the physical development of children from the control group exceeded the values of similar parameters of children of the main group. High NSE values were established in children with chronic gastroduodenitis in comparison with the control (p≤0.01). The NSE level in boys exceeded the value of the indicator in girls in the main group and in the control group. The level of NSE in girls of the main group exceeded the value of NSE in healthy girls (p≤0.05). Studying the level of NSE taking into account gender and the severity of the pathological process revealed higher rates in boys with erosive gastroduodenitis compared with the control group (p≤0.05). In the group of children with erosive gastroduodenitis, higher NSE rates were found in boys compared with girls (p<0.05).Conclusions: A high level of NSE in children with erosive gastroduodenitis and revealed gender differences in NSE concentrations in blood serum indicate the possible role of this indicator in the development of severe forms of the disease and do not exclude the possible association of the effects of this enzyme with the function of sex hormones. The quantitative values of NSE for predicting the development of chronic gastroduodenitis in children are established.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ НАРУШЕНИЙ СЕРДЕЧНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ У ДЕТЕЙ ШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА, ПЕРЕНЕСШИХ СТРЕСС ВОЕННЫХ ДЕЙСТВИЙ

Влияние сильнейшего стрессового фактора на состояние здоровья детей, находившихся в эпицентре боевых действий в регионе Донбасса, в настоящее время является весьма актуальным и недостаточно изученным. Целью данного исследования явилась оценка психосоматического состояния здоровья детей 7-16 лет, в том числе деятельности сердечно-сосудистой системы. Обследовано 113 детей, проживающих в зоне военного конфликта. Проведено общее клиническое исследование состояния здоровья, включая психопатологические тесты и методики, адаптированные согласно возрасту, оценку физического развития (соматометрические и физиометрические данные), электрокардиографию, эхокардиографию и кардиоинтервалографию. В результате проведенного исследования выявлены психоэмоциональные нарушения (у 100%) и функциональные нарушения сердечно-сосудистой системы у 104 (92,04%) детей основной группы, с преобладанием жалоб на кардиалгии, сердцебиение, цефалгии, повышенную утомляемость, возбуждение, нарушения сна. Анализ электрокардиограмм выявил нарушения сердечного ритма в виде наджелудочковой тахикардии (34,51%), блокады правой ножки пучка Гиса (29,47%), атриовентрикулярной блокады и блокады левой ножки пучка Гиса (17,70%), миграции водителя ритма (9,73%), эктопических ритмов (6,19%), экстрасистолии (8,85%); изменения процессов деполяризации предсердий (51,33%) и реполяризации желудочков (64,60%); удлинение интервала QT (12,39%). Зарегистрировано снижение уровня физического развития в основной группе. У детей, длительно находившихся в стрессовой ситуации военного конфликта, значительно чаще встречалась соматическая патология, в частности патология нервной системы (89,38%) – расстройства вегетативной нервной системы и транзиторные тики; невротические, связанные со стрессом, и соматоформные расстройства – у 24,21% детей (реакция на тяжелый стресс и нарушения адаптации). У 58,41% детей выявлены хронические очаги инфекции носоглотки – хронические тонзиллиты; у 52,21% – заболевания органов пищеварения (дискинезия желчного пузыря и желчных путей, классифицируемые в МКБ-10 как «другие уточненные болезни желчного пузыря», а также функциональные расстройства кишечника в виде функциональных диарей); у 38,93% – нарушения костно-мышечной системы (деформирующие дорсопатии, а именно сколиозы, кифозы и лордозы); у 14,16% – болезни мочеполовой системы (циститы, острые тубулоинтерстициальные нефриты). Вегетативный гомеостаз характеризовался преобладанием симпатикотонического тонуса (48,67%) и гиперсимпатикотонической вегетативной реактивности. Длительное нахождение в зоне боевых действий значительно снизило адаптационные возможности детей, что привело к развитию дистресса.

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE UFA CITY

Introduction. One of the most important tasks of Medicine at present is to determine the level of physical health of a person, based on an assessment of physical development. Given the urgency of the problem, we conduct a comprehensive hygienic study, the purpose of which was to assess the physical development, as well as the conditions and lifestyle of university students, with the subsequent development of a system of measures aimed at maintaining and strengthening the health of students. Material and methods. The study included 1,820 students from 4 universities of the Ufa city, Republic of Bashkortostan. At the first stage, there was performed an assessment of students’ physical development using certified devices. In the second stage of the research, an anonymous questionnaire was organized, aimed at studying the living conditions and lifestyle of the students. In the third stage, a conceptual model was developed for determining health risk groups depending on the physical development, conditions, and lifestyle of students using neural network technologies, as well as a system of measures aimed at preserving and strengthening the health of students. Results. While assessing the physical development of students, it turned out that only in 74.7% of students the body mass index is within the normal range. One in seven students has an insufficient body weight (15.1%), and one out of ten students is overweight (10.2%). The average dynamometry (grip strength) among young women is 25.6 ± 0.6 kg, among young men - 45.5 ± 0.8 kg. The ranking using percentiles showed that the range of grip strength indices from Р25 to Р75 among young women is 22.0-28.5 kg, among young men - 40.0-52.0 kg. The balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic influences (according to Kerdo index) is typical for 58.6% of students, one out of four students is prone to sympathicotonia (28.4%). The main “time absorber” for modern student youth has been determined: the average time spent on social networks during weekdays was 4.8 ± 0.24 hours. A significant deficit of night sleep among students has been identified. The average duration of students’ night sleep on weekdays was only 6.4 ± 0.27 hours. Only one-sixth students went in for sports (17.5%). Nutrition has changed for the worse after entering a university in 42.8% of respondents. Based on the study, standards for the physical development of Bashkortostan Republic students were developed and approved by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Using the developed conceptual model for identifying risk groups for student health based on neural network tools, in 14.9% of students sympathicotonia were determined to be considered to be at high risk for health. The system of measures aimed at optimizing the learning environment and formation of positive hygienic behavior of students has been justified, developed and implemented. Conclusion. Negative changes in the physical development of young people were identified: a tendency toward asthenization in young people, the decrease (over the years of the study at a University) in the number of students with a body mass index within normal limits, and decrease in strength indices (compared to generations of students from the early 2000s). The results obtained indicate to the need for work aimed at maintaining and strengthening the health of students.

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT AND PHYSICAL FITNESS OF FEMALE STUDENTS FROM THE UNWE’S BASKETBALL GROUPS

The dynamic times we live in require that curricula and scales for assessment of physical development and fitness to be updated. This circumstance gave birth to the idea of conducting our study. The research aims to analyze the changes in the characteristics of physical development and physical fitness of UNWE students. The study contingent is 110 students from the UNWE Sports Optional - Basketball groups, of which 46 are under 18, 42 are 18-20, and 22 are over 21. At the beginning and end of the experiment, testing of key indicators of physical development and fitness was conducted. The data obtained were processed by variation analysis. The physical development of female students is the highest growth in the earliest student age. The smallest growth was at the age of 21 years, which should be taken into account in the construction of the educational process and the preparation of curricula for UNWE students. The physical fitness of female students over 21 years of age is marked to a significant decrease.

Retrospective evaluation of the effect of long-term use of inhalation glucocorticosteroids on physical development of children and adolescents with bronchial asthma

The aim of research was to evaluate retrospectively the dose-depended effect of the use of inhaled steroids on the anthropometrical indices of children and adolescents with bronchial asthma.Material and methods. Based on the pulmonological department of the Regional children clinical hospital in Chernivtsi city there has been conducted the evaluation of the physical development of 50 asthma patients who were under long-term use of inhaled glucocorticosteroids (IGCS). All patients underwent anthropometric study: weight and height measurements with calculation of body mass index (BMI). The assessment of physical development of patients has been performed by a centile method, taking into account the age of patients (using percentile tables "anthropometric indices to age").Results. Analysis of the data has showed that a patients' height was, on average, 50±4.4 percentile, which was corresponding to the average age-related normative values. At the same time height below (10-25 percentiles) average regarding to the age was recorded in 12 % of all examined patients, but an low (5-10 percentile) or very low (<5 percentiles) height were noted in only 4 patients (6 % and 2 % respectively among all patients). Meanwhile, it has been found that the average BMI in the examined patients was 20.4±0.5 kg/m2, which was corresponding to the normostenic structure. Simultaneously, only 5 of examined patients (10 %) were overweight (BMI> 25 kg/m2), and only one person out them (2 %) had clinically significant (BMI> 30 kg/m2) obesity.Conclusion. From the perspective of evidence-based medicine, negative impact of the long-term use of IGCS, in medium-high or high doses as well, on growth and body weight of the asthmatic children and adolescents had not been confirmed. At that, statistically significant data on the association of obesity and short stature with prolonged use of medium-high or high doses of IGCS had not been found: the attributive risk of excessive (body mass index> 25 kg/m2) body weight was 24 %, the odd ratio=3.2 (95 % confidence interval: 0.33-30.94), but at the same time the attributive risk of short stature (height <10 percentiles): was 18 % and the odds ratio=2.3 (95 % confidence interval: 0.22-23.88)

ФИЗИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ И ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ МОЛОДЕЖИ ГОРОДА ВЛАДИВОСТОКА

In modern conditions, constant monitoring of the level of physical development is necessary, as this is the diagnostic key of the risk of developing diseases and taking prevention activities. The screening data of the physical development of 832 senior schoolstudents and first-year students at Pacific State Medical University (434 young men and 398 girls) aged 15–18 years were used. The assessment of physical development was carried out with anthropometric and functional traits. The individual level of physical development is determined using the method of sigmal deviations. Statistical processing of materials was carried out using the software STATISTICA 13 and Excel (Microsoft Office 2010). Testing the hypothesis for the normal distribution of quantitative traits in groups was carried out using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk, Kramer-von-Mises criteria and the Pearson χ² acceptance criterion. All the data arrays obeyed the normal distribution law. A statistically significant difference in the groups between the quantitative parameters under the condition of equality (homoscedasticity) of the variances was evaluated using the parametric Student’s t-test. The average values of the physical development of the youth of Vladivostok are established. Physiometric signs showed statistically significant differences between the mean values of the vital capacity of the lungs and the dynamometry of the right hand between young schoolboys and young male students, and the average values of the strength of the right arm of schoolgirls and female students. Most of the examined persons had a moderate physical development, but predominantly girls have a lack of body weight, and young male students are prone to obesity. Levels of life index and power indices below the norm are more than 50 % of respondents. The differences in statistical indicators are significant with a degree of significance of p < 0.05. The data obtained as a result of the research are necessary for the development of preventive programs to enhance the physical development and promote the health of the young generation.

The Assessment Of Physical Development And The Time Allocated To Physical Activity For A Group Of Adolescents From The Moldova Area

The Assessment Of Physical Development And The Time Allocated To Physical Activity For A Group Of Adolescents From The Moldova Area

The Assessment Of Physical Development And The Time Allocated To Physical Activity For A Group Of Adolescents From The Moldova Area

Balanced nutrition and physical activity are factors that play an important role among men, in terms of the health of young people's activities and in controlling their own body weight. Material and method: the study favored a number of 97 young people from technical colleges in Bacău and Suceava. In these young people a physical function was well appreciated, during the daily activity for physical activities and habits for use. Results and discussions: the height of the students is average (70.10%), as well as the body weight (72.6%). Harmonic development is presented only to 58.76% young people. The time allocated daily to physical activities depicts 1 hour for 22.68% young people. Milk is missing the diet in 17.52% students, the chicken in the menus of 2.06% young, and the fruits in 1.03%. Conclusion: young people do not use physical activity as a way of controlling body weight but they use food restrictions.

Study On The Impact Of Obesity On Physical Development Of Primary Classes In The Republic Of Moldova

Obesity in children is a 21st century health problem. It is considered that the main factors in the development of this disease in children is the imbalance between energy intake and consumption, hypodynamia. Purpose: to study the physical development of pupils in the primary cycle. Methods: The study included pupils aged 7 to 10 years. The physical development assessment was conducted in accordance with the WHO Growth Standards (2006) using the WHO AnthroPlus program (2009). Results: 268 pupils were evaluated. According to the WAZ (body weight / age) index, there was a harmonious development - 242 (90.3%) pupils, according to the HAZ (height / age) index - 256 (95.5%), and according to the BAZ ) - only 180 (67.2%) pupils. Overweight was found in 28 (21.2%) of 132 girls and 31 (21.8%) of 136 boys, obesity - 7 (5.3%) girls and 15 (11%) boys, respectively. Conclusion. Physical development assessment in young school children aged 7 to 10 shows higher values of height and body mass indicators compared to the WHO standard population. Deviations in physical development can each have the third child of primary school age, while obesity in boys is twice as common as girls.

Changes in morphologic indices of physical development of urban schoolchildren

The aim of the research was to assess the age variability of anthropometric parameters in schoolchildren of the city of Gomel examined with a 40-year interval. The authors of the article examined schoolchildren of secondary schools in Gomel. Over 2010-2012 the complex cross-sectional morphometrical examination was carried out on schoolchildren aged of 8-16 years without any significant health problems in the city of Gomel (a total of 3105, out of them there were 1452 boys and 1653 girls). The somatometrical program included body length and mass, chest circumference parameters. The absolute and relative parameters of their annual increases were calculated in schoolchildren, which made it possible to determine the periods of their relative acceleration and deceleration indices. The anthropometric data on schoolchildren of the city of Gomel obtained by V.Ya.Leontyev in 1973 and A.I. Kienya, V.A. Melnik over 1994-1996 were used for comparison. The comparative analysis of the gender and age dynamics of morphometric indices in schoolchildren of the city of Gomel aged of 8-16 years in 1973 and over 2010-2012 revealed the processes of acceleration (increase of body length and mass) in boys and asthenization (increase of body length and decrease of body mass) in girls at the beginning of the XXI century. The indices of the chest circumference before and after puberty period in the contemporary school boys and girls were lower, but in the puberty period being higher than in schoolchildren of the same age examined forty years ago. The authors developed, published and put into both practical public health of Belarus and educational process the Tables for the assessment of physical development of schoolchildren of the city of Gomel.

A clinical example of the management of a premature baby born after IFV

Babies born through in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment are most often born preterm [1]. Most authors state that these children are more likely to have congenital malformations, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), hypoxic central nervous system damage, hyperbilirubinemia. It is known that these children are 6 times more likely to have an extremely low birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation [2]. More than 35 years have passed since the birth of the first child through the IVF treatment. During this time, the assisted reproductive technologies have improved and therewith the number of children conceived in vitro has also increased. In this regard, the issues relating to the study of the health of children conceived through IVF treatment are growing more urgent. In the Russian Federation, the share of premature babies averages 6–8% among all newborns. Children born prematurely should always be in the center of attention of pediatricians, since it is among them that the highest percentage of perinatal pathology is observed and deviations in subsequent development are detected much more often [3].Objective of the study: to study the state of health of a premature baby in the first year of life born through IVF. Material and methods: the researchers performed a continuous, documentary, retrospective analysis of the medical history of a child treated in the Special Care Nursery of the City Children’s Clinical Hospital in Ufa, and afterwards monitored the child in the Catamnesis Unit. The child underwent clinical examination, assessment of physical development using the centile method, laboratory tests, analysis of primary medical documentation (hospital neonatal record f. 097/u, outpatient medical record f. 112/u). The premature baby was examined taking into account the adjusted age (from the calendar age to 40 weeks of gestation).Results: the health and age of the mother are crucial in forming the health of the child. The mother had a combined pathology. The 3rd pregnancy (the 1st pregnancy ended in childbirth at 35 weeks, the child grows in a family, the 2nd pregnancy ended in spontaneous abortion) through IVF treatment developed against the threat of interruption starting from 8 weeks, combined gestosis, grade 1B placental violation, low placentation, isthmic-cervical insufficiency (ICI), antiphospholipid syndrome, which resulted in early, premature birth at 29 weeks’ gestational age. The child was born prematurely with perinatal nervous system damage, the development of acute pneumonia, respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn.Findings: A clinical case determines the need for targeted observation of a premature child from a risk group, timely advanced training of a pediatrician regarding the features of management of premature babies born through the IVF treatment, taking into account the adjusted age.

Assessment of physical development and diet of primary school children in Smolensk

The growth and development of children largely depends on the diet. Irrational and irregular nutrition can contribute to the development of nutritional-dependent diseases of children and adolescents, the formation of overweight and obesity. The aim of the research - the assessment of physical development and diet of primary schoolchildren living in Smolensk. Material and methods. 817 schoolchildren aged 7-10 have been surveyed, of whom 403 (49.3%) were girls and 414 (50.7%) were boys. In the process of the study, the length and body mass have been measured, body mass index (BMI) has been calculated. Assessment of the physical development of children has been carried out according to the standards of the World Health Organization (WHO) using the software product WHO AnthroPlus (2009). Z-score values for body weight for age, body length for age, and BMI for age have been calculated. In the process of the study, children were questioned. A questionnaire on the diagnosis of the lifestyle of children, developed by specialists from the University of Cologne, made it possible to evaluate the mode and structure of nutrition of schoolchildren. Results and discussion. It has been revealed that the average values of mass-growth indicators of Smolensk primary schoolchildren were higher compared with the standard WHO population. Deviations of physical development in the studied sample of schoolchildren were more concerned with body weight than growth, while obesity in boys was detected significantly more often than in girls (11.9 vs 5.2%, χ2=10.465, p=0.002). It has been established that the majority of primary schoolchildren (84.8%) ate 3-5 times a day. 92.7% of schoolchildren have breakfast at home. In the school canteen, only 55.6% of schoolchildren ate regularly. In the interval between dinner and supper, the majority (96.8%) of the respondents had a snack, of which 43.7% used patties, cookies or sweets for snacking. Almost half of primary schoolchildren (45.4%) admitted that they had food intake just before bedtime. Moreover, boys did this significantly more often than girls (50.8 vs 41.0%, χ2=5.209, p=0.023). Conclusion. In order to prevent the formation of overweight and obesity among primary schoolchildren, it is necessary to introduce a complex of preventive measures. Among them, there are rationalization of children's nutrition in the family and school, optimization of the day regime and physical activity of children, psychological support for children with overweight and obesity, the introduction of modern educational and information technologies for the formation of a healthy lifestyle of children.

Features of physical development of children of elementary school age during adaptation to educational activity

The objective of the study was to determine the age­gender characteristics of the physical development of primary school students when adapting to educational activities, depending on the type of educational institution and the educational and pedagogical training program.Materials and methods. Under supervision, there were 180 students (87 boys and 93 girls) from two general Kharkov’s educational institutions, during primary school education from the first to the third grade.An assessment of physical development carried out at the beginning and the end of a school year, during three years of primary school education. We measured anthropometric parameters (height, body weight, circumference of the thorax), physiometric indices (dynamometry of strength and endurance, spirometry). The harmony of physical development of schoolchildren was determined. An assessment of the percentile distribution of the body mass index (BMI) was performed. Statistical data processing was performed using the SPSS­17 software using parametric methods (Student’s criterion) and non­parametric statistics.Results and discussion. In the experimental classes of the educational complex at the beginning of the first class, the proportion of children with harmonious development was larger than in the experimental classes of the gymnasium (62.1 and 60.6 %; 65.4 and 65.4 %, respectively). The number of children with harmonious development in the primary school decreased to 57.7 %, and in education complex, it restored to its original value (62.1 %). Among the boys in education complex, at the beginning of the third year of study, a tendency observed for an increase in the number of children with harmonious physical development (from 54.8 to 58.1 %). In their peers from the comparison group, after the first class, the level of harmonious development gradually diminished (from 60.6 to 46.7 %), suggesting a lack of compensatory and adaptation opportunities during this period of the educational process.Conclusions. In the study of the dynamics of qualitative indicators of physical development, an increase in the number of schoolchildren with disharmonious physical development, at the expense of children with a deficit of body weight, overweight and obesity, who study in the gymnasium conditions, has been established. There were no associations of these changes with the curriculum. In our opinion, these changes are the result of the impact of unfavorable environmental factors and the intensity of adaptation processes in primary school students.

Оценка физического развития подростков, проживающих в Республике Каракалпакистан

The paper reviews the results of an assessment of the analysis of anthropometric indicators of the physical development of adolescents aged 15–18 years in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. It is established that the clinical examination of students should necessarily include anthropometric survey methods, focused on the assessment of physical development. To this end, taking into account anthropometric indicators, it is necessary to develop standards for physical development, taking into account regional, ethnic and social characteristics of the population.

ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ СТАН КАРДІОРЕСПІРАТОРНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ДІТЕЙ МОЛОДШОГО ШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ ЗІ СКЛАДНИМИ ПОРУШЕННЯМИ РОЗВИТКУ

The article deals with the problem of diagnostics of functional state of the cardiorespiratory system of youth children who have complex developmental disorders. The physical, functional and psychological state of the child are an integral whole and any physical disturbance necessarily causes changes in the psychological and functional status of the child, which must be taken into account during performing physical education and health measures. The system of operational assessment of physical development and the results of physical culture and recreational work is an integral part of planning and evaluation of the effectiveness of the developed plan of correctional and recreational work with children who have complex developmental disorders. The aim of the study is to determine the features of the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system of children with complex developmental disorders. The methods of research are the following: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodical literature; medical and biological methods: spirography, functional tests of Shtange, Genchy, Skibinsky, definition of chest excursion, heart rate, arterial pressure; methods of mathematical statistics. It was found that healthy boys have a significantly higher value of vital capacity of lungs than boys who have the complex developmental disorders by 120,40 ml (p<0,05).