Occupational Risk Assessment Research Articles

Occupational lead exposure health risk assessment and heme biosynthesis: A study on batik artisans in yogyakarta, Indonesia

This study aims to assess dermal and inhalation lead exposure levels among batik industry workers and evaluate noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks associated with lead exposure. We investigate potential relationships between lead exposure (dermal average daily dose and inhalation exposure concentration) and the workers' blood hemoglobin levels (Hb), as well as their urinary ALA (u-ALA) concentrations. Additionally, we explore any possible associations between Hb and u-ALA levels among the workers and identify various factors influencing lead exposure levels. A total of 30 workers were recruited for the study. Interviews and exposure sampling were conducted to measure dermal and inhaled lead exposure. Sample analysis methods include XRF for exposure samples, spectrophotometry for u-ALA, and HiCN colorimetric for Hb. Carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risk assessments, correlation analysis, as well as ANOVA for factors analysis, were performed. The average dermal exposure dose and inhalation exposure concentration of lead were 6.53 ± 3.2 ng/kg/day and 0.021 ± 0.015 μg/m3, respectively. Hazard Index (HI) values for all workers were below 1 (average: 0.372 ± 0.155), indicating no expected noncarcinogenic health effects due to lead exposure. The average Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) was (5.18 ± 3.84) × 10−8, significantly below acceptable limits. Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between Hb and u-ALA (r = −0.519, p = 0.058 for male workers and r = −0.531, p = 0.034 for female workers), supporting their use as lead exposure biomarkers. The factors analysis demonstrated a significant impact of working conditions on inhalation exposure (p = 0.018), with outdoor workers experiencing lower lead inhalation. This research provides crucial insights into potential dangers faced by batik workers due to lead exposure, emphasizing the importance of targeted interventions. The strong correlation between Hb and u-ALA indicates their combined effectiveness in detecting lead exposure, even at low levels. The study underscores the significance of outdoor work as a protective measure against inhaling heavy metals, such as lead, present in the air. The assessment of health risks associated with lead exposure in the batik industry lays the groundwork for informed decision-making and interventions to protect workers' well-being, particularly in informal sectors workplaces where health risks are often overlooked.

Методические подходы к персонифицированной оценке риска здоровью, обусловленного напряженностью трудового процесса и ее отдельными компонентами

High work intensity (HWI) can occur in various occupational groups and induce health disorders, which means occu-pational health risk (OHR) assessment is necessary This article describes methodical approaches to assessing OHR caused by HWI with a possibility to examine contributions made by its specific components and transition to personified risk assessment. The suggested approaches to assessing OHR caused by HWI include subjective assessment of the factor and health self-assessment. They allow identifying additional likelihood of health disorders and performing further risk assessment when exposure to HWI grows by one unit as per separate HWI indicators describing its specific components. Personified risk assessment involves using a template created for specific HWI components (intellectual, sensory, or emotional loads; work monotony; work regime). The approaches were tested on workers with mostly mental work (n = 137, respondents’ mean age was 43.9 ± 8.01 years; mean work records were 14.5 ± 3.7 years). Calculated data of personified levels of the integral health risk were used to rank likely health outcomes as per their priority. Mental disorders and diseases involving elevated blood pressure were established to correspond to ‘high’ health risk. Myopia, strained headache, atherosclerosis of peripheral vessels, and chronic laryngitis corresponded to ‘medium’ risk. Certain disorders involving the immune mechanism, tinnitus, ischemic heart disease, and atherosclerosis of coronary vessels as well as stomach and duodenum ulcer corresponded to ‘moderate’ risk. Detailed HWI assessment made it possible to identify its leading components; the shares of sensory and emotional loads in the integral health risk reached 29.0 ± 2.4 and 25.9 ± 3.9 % accordingly (р = 0.37). It is advisable to use these findings for creating personified activities aimed at OHR mitigation.

Methodical approaches to personified assessment of health risks caused by work intensity and its specific components

High work intensity (HWI) can occur in various occupational groups and induce health disorders, which means occu-pational health risk (OHR) assessment is necessary. This article describes methodical approaches to assessing OHR caused by HWI with a possibility to examine contributions made by its specific components and transition to personified risk assessment. The suggested approaches to assessing OHR caused by HWI include subjective assessment of the factor and health self-assessment. They allow identifying additional likelihood of health disorders and performing further risk assessment when exposure to HWI grows by one unit as per separate HWI indicators describing its specific components. Personified risk assessment involves using a template created for specific HWI components (intellectual, sensory, or emotional loads; work monotony; work regime). The approaches were tested on workers with mostly mental work (n = 137, respondents’ mean age was 43.9 ± 8.01 years; mean work records were 14.5 ± 3.7 years). Calculated data of personified levels of the integral health risk were used to rank likely health outcomes as per their priority. Mental disorders and diseases involving elevated blood pressure were established to correspond to ‘high’ health risk. Myopia, strained headache, atherosclerosis of peripheral vessels, and chronic laryngitis corresponded to ‘medium’ risk. Certain disorders involving the immune mechanism, tinnitus, ischemic heart disease, and atherosclerosis of coronary vessels as well as stomach and duodenum ulcer corresponded to ‘moderate’ risk. Detailed HWI assessment made it possible to identify its leading components; the shares of sensory and emotional loads in the integral health risk reached 29.0 ± 2.4 and 25.9 ± 3.9 % accordingly (р = 0.37). It is advisable to use these findings for creating personified activities aimed at OHR mitigation.

CEC06-04: Integration of epidemiology with other evidence streams into pesticide occupational risk assessment

CEC06-04: Integration of epidemiology with other evidence streams into pesticide occupational risk assessment

The changing outlook of psychedelic drugs: The importance of risk assessment and occupational exposure limits.

Serotonergic psychedelics, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, dimethyltryptamine (DMT), and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), are currently being investigated for the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. Clinical trials with psilocybin and LSD have shown improvement in emotional and psychological scores. Although these drugs are reported to be safe in a controlled environment (such as clinical trials), exposure to low doses of these drugs can result in psychedelic effects, and therefore, occupational safety is an important consideration to prevent adverse effects in the workplace from low daily exposure. This article will discuss the factors involved in the derivation of occupational exposure limits (OELs) and risk assessment of these psychedelic drugs. To support the OEL derivations of psychedelic drugs, information regarding their mechanism of action, adverse effect profiles, pharmacokinetics, clinical effects, and nonclinical toxicity were considered. Additionally, psilocybin and LSD, which are the most extensively researched psychedelic substances, are employed as illustrative examples in case studies. The OELs derived for psilocybin and for LSD are 0.05 and 0.002μg/m3 , respectively, which indicates that these are highly hazardous compounds, and it is important to take into account suitable safety measures and risk-management strategies in order to minimize workplace exposure.

Occupational radiological risk assessment and quantification of natural radionuclides present in Pakistani coal

ABSTRACT In this study, 47 coal samples from 16 selected coal mines from four provinces of Pakistan (Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) were collected and analysed using a HPGe-based gamma spectrometry system. The objective of the study was to assess the occupational radiological risk from coal reserves in Pakistan. The 226Ra concentration values were found to be higher in coal samples collected from two locations in Meting-Jhumpir Coal Fields and one location of Chakwal Coal Field as compared to the recommended value by UNSCEAR (2000). The 232Th concentration values were found to be higher in coal samples collected from two locations in Padhrar Coal Field, one location in Dandot Coal Field and one location in Cherat Coal Field as compared to the recommended value by UNSCEAR (2000). The 40K values in all the analysed samples were found to be well below the recommended value by UNSCEAR (2000). From the radiological parameters, the values of the representative gamma index, which corresponds to an annual effective dose, were found to be higher than 1 Bq-kg−1 among the samples collected from Meting-Jhumpir coal fields, Chakwal coal field, Padhrar coal fields, Dandot coal fields, Hangu coal field, and Cherat coal fields. Excess lifetime cancer risk was estimated to be in the range of 0.07 × 10−3 − 0.34 × 10−3 with an average value of 0.18 × 10−3. The annual effective dose was estimated in the range of 0.01–0.07 µSv- y−1, which is below than the value established by the IAEA as the safe limit for the public in a planned exposure situation (1 mSv-y−1). It can be concluded that for some of the coal fields, the radionuclide concentration values and some of the radiological parameter values were found to be higher than the recommended values. Site-specific studies using direct radiation and radon measurement instruments are proposed for these coal fields to further investigate the radiological situation and its implications on workers and the public’s health. Furthermore, we have used a theoretical approach to estimate the occupational health hazard based on the activity concentration of radionuclides in the coal samples, which needs to be validated with the direct-dose measurement techniques.

An integrated model for occupational health and safety risk assessment based on probabilistic linguistic information and social network consensus analysis

As a critical activity in occupational risk management, the occupational health and safety risk assessment (OHSRA) aims at assessing occupational hazards in the workplace and prioritizing them to ensure employees’ safety and reduce occupational risk to an acceptable level. In this paper, we develop a new integrated OHSRA model for the risk evaluation and prioritization of occupational hazards based on probabilistic linguistic information and social network consensus analysis. The probabilistic linguistic term sets are applied to handle the hesitant risk evaluations of occupational hazards provided by experts. A combinative distance-based assessment technique is introduced for determining the risk priority of the identified occupational hazards. Additionally, the social network consensus analysis with minimum adjustment distance is used to help individual experts reach consensus. Finally, a healthcare case study is implemented for illustrating the developed OHSRA model and its effectiveness is validated with a sensitivity analysis and a comparative analysis.

Improving a process of managing dynamic occupational risks

Purpose. To improve the process of managing dynamic occupational risks, which considers changes in time in hazardous factors of the organization’s environment in the occupational safety and health management system. Methodology. To improve the process of managing occupational risks, we have applied a well-known “Bow-Tie” model (ISO 31010:2018). The model allows assessing occupational risks as the product of the probability of hazardous event occurrence and severity of the consequences, taking into account the influence of hazardous external and internal factors, hazardous actions or dangerous inactions, which, according to the requirements of Clause 4.1 of the ISO 45001:2018 standard, are interconnected and subject to the influence of time. Findings. A model of the connection of hazardous factors of the internal and external environment of an organization, related to their negative influence on the growing probability of hazardous event (incident) occurrence and a degree of severity in time, has been developed. The process of managing occupational risks is proposed, taking into account changes in the time of exposure to hazardous factors, which will allow determining the acceptability or unacceptability of the occupational risk in time. The analysis of changes in occupational risks is proposed to be considered in the following time intervals (specifically in those where there is a corresponding change in risk factors): time of the day, day of the week, month of the year, quarter, half year, year, years etc. All the proposed professional risks were divided into two groups of professional risks considering the changes in their levels in time: static and dynamic ones. To calculate the occupational risk level, it is also proposed to determine all combinations of hazardous factors that can occur simultaneously in time within the corresponding intervals of the time under analysis. Originality. It has been determined that identification of the acceptable level of an occupational risk in the maximum combination of all hazardous factors acting simultaneously at a certain point in time will lead to the fact that all other combinations of hazardous factors will also have an acceptable level of occupational risk. This provision follows from the fact that the level of occupational risk from a smaller number of hazardous factors will not exceed the indicator of occupational risk from the exposure to a larger number of hazardous factors in time. Practical value. The forms for dynamic occupational risk assessment have been developed; a matrix has been proposed for determining the number of combinations of hazardous factors acting simultaneously in time.

Risk assessment of the asthma-induction potential of substances in spray products for car cabin detailing – based on EU’s Chemical Agents Directive, using harmonised classifications and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR)

Exposure to spray-formulated products for car cabin detailing is a potential risk for asthma induction. With a focus on the asthma-related endpoints sensitisation and irritation of the lungs, we performed an occupational risk assessment based on requirements in the EU Chemical Agents Directive. We identified 71 such spray products available in Denmark. We identified ingredient substances in safety data sheets and screened for harmonised classifications of respiratory sensitisation and airway irritation. For respiratory sensitisation, we also applied quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR). We modelled the exposure during 15 min of work inside a car cabin, and determined the risk ratio of the products by further applying occupational exposure limits – mainly derived no-effect levels (DNELs) from the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) set on respiratory irritation. Four substances had a harmonised classification for respiratory irritation (bronopol, 2-phenoxyethanol, 2-methoxypropanol, and butan-1-ol). Seven substances were positive in the QSAR model for respiratory sensitisation (monoethanolamine, bronopol, glycerol, methyl salicylate, benzoic acid, ammonium benzoate, and sodium benzoate). Two vinyl treatment products had a risk ratio > 1 based on the level of sodium benzoate and its DNEL set on respiratory irritation. Two products had risk ratios of 0.69 and 0.73, respectively, based on 2-methyl-2 H-isothiazol-3-one and its acute DNEL set on respiratory irritation. In conclusion, 10 substances that may pose a risk for asthma induction were identified in the products. Two of the 71 products had a risk ratio > 1, meaning they may pose an asthma-induction risk in the modelled exposure scenario and using respiratory irritation DNELs from ECHA.

Geometric interpretation of risk and prevention, by implementation of the “Level of Preventive Action” risk assessment method

Risk assessment methodologies are determining tools in risk prevention for construction works. However, frequently the evaluation is presented in a linguistic context and may involve interpretation difficulties in multicultural contexts. This research aims to visually show the evaluation, in a geometric context, the risk conditions and the necessary prevention level. The methodology arises from the theoretical-practical model of occupational risk assessment, adapted to construction works called “Level of Preventive Action”. It is based on the preventive environments’ observation: initial, documentary, constructive, and social environments (through technical observation and psychosocial survey). Implementing and developing this new methodology by resourcing a digital tool is essential for integrating BIM approach procedures. The Level of Preventive Action procedures shows the existing risk in the different preventive environments, from its so-called Characteristic Value and its interaction with the assessed risk (in the scope of Safety at Work, Industrial Hygiene, Ergonomics and Psychosociology). Finally, the existing risks and the level of preventive actions required according to the workers’ behaviors and emotional states are shown. The Level of Preventive Action geometric interpretation is qualitative, quantitative, visual, and dynamic. It allows interaction with the worker in real-time, with electronic devices, joining technology to human behavior.

Assessment of Occupational Risk in the Case of the Ultrasonic Noise Exposure

Increased efficiency of production and improved quality have contributed to the development of ultrasonic technological applications, in which low frequency ultrasounds are generated to operate, accelerate as well as to facilitate technological processes. Technological ultrasonic devices (i.e. sources of ultrasonic noise in the work environment, e.g. ultrasonic washers, ultrasonic welding machines) have relatively high power and their nominal frequencies are in the range from 18 kHz to 40 kHz. In Poland, ultrasonic noise (defined as noise containing high audible and low ultrasonic frequencies from 10 kHz to 40 kHz) is included in the list of factors harmful to health in the work environment and therefore the admissible values of ultrasonic noise in the workplaces are established. The admissible values of ultrasonic noise and the new ultrasonic noise measurement method make it possible to perform the assessment of occupational risk related to ultrasonic noise. According to this method, the scope of the measurements includes the determination of the equivalent sound pressure levels in the 1/3 octave bands with the centre frequencies from 10 kHz to 40 kHz. This paper presents the description of both, i.e. the method for ultrasonic noise measurements and the method of the assessment of occupational risk related to ultrasonic noise. The examples of the results of the assessment of occupational risk related to exposure to ultrasonic noise are also discussed.

Development of a novel ergonomic index assessment in the workplace based on physical, cognitive, and environmental components.

Currently, proper assessment of the existing ergonomic hazards, focusing on improving the health of individuals, is of great importance. This study aims to develop a new model for ergonomic index assessment in the workplace, focusing on physical, cognitive, and environmental components. To determine the parameters to be measured for each group of occupations, the most critical indicators in each ergonomic dimension were identified using a review of scientific texts and obtaining expert opinions. The opinions of 30 experts were studied in three stages Delphi study. Cronbach's alpha was used to calculate model reliability in SPSS version 25. An analytical hierarchy process was used to determine the weight values of each component and parameter. The weights were calculated in Expert Choice version 11. The mean CVI and CVR values were 0.92 and 0.80, respectively. Cronbach's alpha values for each of the physical, environmental, and cognitive components and the entire model were 0.91, 0.87, 0.85, and 0.89, respectively. Physical components and parameters of physical condition during work, mental workload, lighting, and thermal stress in the workplace were among the most important parameters in the three groups of office, operational, and services jobs. The model can be a practical step toward properly evaluating the ergonomic components and planning to implement control measures to reduce physical, cognitive, and environmental risk factors. Considering the study of different variables in occupational ergonomic risk assessment, this model can be a helpful tool in ergonomic management systems used in different occupational environments.

On the Choice of Personal Protective Equipment Taking into Account the Occupational Risk

The article contains recommendations on modernization of the methodology of provision of personal protective equipment based on a risk-based approach in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The experience of providing personal protective equipment using the United States as examples is presented. The Russian experience in providing PPE is analyzed and typical features of their issuance are highlighted. The procedure for providing PPE is given, taking into account the assessment of occupational risk. An algorithm for providing PPE according to the new nomenclature is proposed, taking into account various factors of the working environment and classes of working conditions. An algorithm for selecting personal protective equipment has been developed. The procedure for providing PPE is outlined when employers develop local acts on PPE at their discretion in accordance with the labor legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan. A model is described that is based on the assessment of occupational risks and offers numerous possibilities to take into account the interests of the state, the employer and the employees. The results of scientific researches received during the scientific and technical program on a theme: «Risk-oriented organizational-economic mechanisms of ensuring of safe labor in conditions of modern Kazakhstan» (IRN OR11865833) within the limits of program target financing of researches of the Republican research institute for occupational safety and health under MLSPP of the Republic of Kazakhstan have been presented.

METHODOLOGICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF SUBSTANTIATING MANAGEMENT DECISIONS ON LABOR SAFETY BASED ON RISK ASSESSMENT

The article deals with the practical application of modern methods and approaches to the assessment of occupational risks based on the identification of hazards. Preventive measures and production methods should be chosen based on the results of hazard identification and risk assessment, which will ensure an increase in the level of safety and health of employees, as well as allow the integration of occupational risk management into other subsystems of the general enterprise management system at all hierarchical levels. Despite the fact that a lot of attention is paid to this issue, the problem of choosing a risk assessment method and its practical implementation remains relevant.
 An urgent issue in the process of assessing occupational risks and further planning preventive measures is the early identification of production factors that can become potential sources of danger. The analysis of the theory and practice of the formation of preventive measures at enterprises shows the effectiveness of the application of modifications of the matrix method of risk assessment, the application of which allows taking into account the peculiarities of occupational safety management at enterprises, taking into account the features of the used equipment, technological processes and other factors.
 As a result of the application of the modified matrix method, effective preventive measures were developed for production processes that had an unacceptable and medium level of risk. In addition, due to the implementation of additional preventive actions, the indicator of the probability of the occurrence of a dangerous event was reduced, which directly affected the overall assessment of the degree of risk.
 For the practical implementation of a scientific approach to management decision-making based on the results of professional risk assessment, a scheme is proposed that defines the stages of the process of preparation and management decision-making.
 In the case of submission of proposals and initiatives for the implementation of projects to improve operational efficiency, it is worth paying attention to the following areas: determine the priority areas for the implementation of the project; conduct an accounting and in-depth analysis of available resources, in particular, regarding potential locations, human potential, logistics and related business in the region; involve the experience and specialists available at the enterprise to determine possible risk factors.

Features of the assessment of occupational risks in truck transportation

The purpose of the article is to develop a process of managing the professional (dynamic) risks in freight transportation due to changes in time of dangerous factors.To build the process of managing the professional (dynamic) risks of truck transportation, the main principles of system dynamics using the "tie-butterfly" model for establishment the causal and reciprocal relationships between dangerous factors affecting the drive were used.A model of the connection of dangerous factors of the internal and external environment of the organization, related to their negative impact on the increase in the probability of the occurrence of a dangerous event (incident) and the degree of severity over time, has been developed. Based on the interaction of the probability of the occurrence of a dangerous event and the severity of the consequences, taking into account changes in the physical and psychological state of the driver, it became possible to develop a dynamic model for assessing the driver's professional risk. Changes in professional (dynamic) risks during the time of a truck driver are proposed for analysis: by hours of the day (from 00:00-24:00 hours); by days of the week (Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday); by season (spring, summer, autumn, winter). Taking into account the interaction of three main components: the presence of a threat or danger, the interaction between a truck and a person, the presence of a catalyst (physical and psychological state of the driver), the amount of professional risk is determined. To check the adequacy of the assessments, taking into account the change in the influence of dangerous factors on the probability of the occurrence of a dangerous event and the degree of severity of injuries from it with a time, an algorithm that allows to monitor every step in the management of professional risks was developed. It was established that an unacceptable level of risk is fixed at night and in winter, under inappropriate climatic conditions, which requires the development of effective safety precautions.The scientific novelty consists in the justification of a dynamic model from assessing the professional risk of a driver, based on the interaction of the probability of the occurrence of a dangerous event and the severity of the consequences, taking into account changes in the physical and psychological state of the driver.The practical significance lies in the development of forms for assessing the driver's professional risk.

Application of Multiple Occupational Health Risk Assessment Models for Metal Fumes in Welding Process.

Welding fumes have an important role to create the adverse health effects. So, the aim of this study was to use of multiple occupational health risk assessment models for metal fumes in welding process. This cross-sectional study was conducted among welding workers. Sampling of heavy metals such as Sn, Zn, Al, Fe, Cd, Pb, Cu, Mn, Ni, Cr, and As was provided based on the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) method 7300 and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Risk assessment was managed by four methods including Malaysia's method, Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Essentials (COSHH model), Chinese OHRA standard (GBZ/T 298-2017), and EPA method. Also, Monte Carlo simulation was used to examine the uncertainties by using the Crystal Ball tool. To compare the models, the risk levels of each model were converted into the risk ratio and the SPSS 22.0 software was used to the statistical analysis. The consistency of the two occupational health risk assessment models was examined by Cohen's Kappa. Risk ration was the highest level for Cr (VI) fumes in all models. Also, carcinogenic risk was unacceptable for all examined fumes. Moreover, non-carcinogenic risk was the highest (HI > 1) for As fumes. Mont Carlo simulations suggested that exposure time (ET) had a significant effect on the risk. Also, there was a good consistency between Malaysia method/GBZ/T 298-2017 and COSHH model/GBZ/T 298-2017. Therefore, it is recommended that the engineering and administrative controls should be provided to reduce exposure.

Моделирование возникновения рисков при опасных условиях труда для строительных организаций

The working conditions characterized by the presence of harmful and dangerous factors of the production environment, as well as the functional state of the organism of builders of various professions are considered. The selected levels of harmful and dangerous factors of the labor process in the warm and cold periods of the year and physiological indicators characterizing the dynamics of changes in the functional state of the body of builders are investigated. The following tasks were solved in the work: the hygienic features of the working conditions of construction works were determined and the leading harmful and dangerous production factors were identified; the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of harmful factors and the causes of their formation are studied; the occupational characteristics of the labor of construction workers with an assessment of the severity and intensity of the labor process are given. The article notes that the whole complex of harmful production factors affects the functional state and working capacity of builders of various professions. The modeling of the risks of hazardous working conditions of builders, as well as the determination of the risk of adverse events at the workplace, was carried out. The assessment of occupational risks in the program “Labor Protection" is given. Based on the conducted research, measures have been developed to create safe working conditions, as well as to improve the efficiency and maintain the health of builders.

Study of methods of online monitoring of parameters of working conditions in JSC «Alatau Zharyk Company»

RELEVANCE of the work lies in establishing the relationship between industrial injuries, when online monitoring in the electric grid company, with the influence of hazardous production factors, since the latter is the cause of accidents, Accidents and other occupational hazards of employees and loss of health of employees. For this purpose it is necessary to develop methods of causes, nature and application of systems of prevention and localization of accidents, accidents. THE PURPOSE. The article discusses possible solutions to an urgent problem - analysis and determination of the causes of industrial injuries and occupational morbidity in the electric power industry and assessment of occupational risks of workers and loss of health of workers at hazardous production facilities, as well as the lack of attention of employers to the reconstruction and modernization of production, the development andapplication of warning systems and localization of accidents, accidents, preventive work, control over the state of the production environment and compliance with sanitary and hygienic requirements, which will generally lead to industrial safety. METHODS. The main research method was the development and application of systems for the prevention and localization of accidents, accidents, preventive work, monitoring the state of the production environment and compliance with sanitary and hygienic requirements. RESULTS. The methods of online monitoring of the parameters of working conditions are considered, while the authors carried out special studies of the complex influence of adverse environmental factors and working conditions, which make it possible to unambiguously identify priority etiological factors, as well as sources of impact on the human environment. CONCLUSION. Attention is drawn to the prospects of the adverse impact ofproduction factors under conditions of intensive technogenic pollution of the environment. The authors believe that in order to increase the effectiveness of socio-hvgienic monitoring in the analysis and forecasting of the impact of the environment on the health of the population, it is necessary to develop objective criteria for assessing both the natural and industrial environment in order to study significant changes and develop measures to improve and improve working conditions and means management of production safety, adaptive capabilities of the body and the prevention of environmental pathology.

Fine-Kinney-Based Occupational Risk Assessment using Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP-COPRAS for the Lifting Equipment in the Energy Distribution and Investment Sector

The initial risk assessment, especially when using a risk score system, is the main step in a risk assessment process that comes after determining the scope of the risks and assessment. The Fine-Kinney method, a thorough approach to quantitative assessments to help keep risks under control, is commonly used in risk assessment. A risk score (RS) is determined using the standard version of Fine-Kinney by mathematically multiplication of probability (P), exposure (E), and consequence (C) parameters. The Fine-Kinney-based risk evaluation approach has the disadvantage of not accounting for the relationships among the risk parameters' interaction and determining the risk precedence of work-related hazards. Hence, a new hazard evaluation method for occupational health and safety (OHS) is required to lessen the adverse effects of rising dangers. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed for integrating Fine–Kinney-based occupational hazard evaluation and AHP-COPRAS for the energy distribution and investment sector under the Pythagorean fuzzy environment. A lifting equipment case study is used to demonstrate practicality and efficacy of the suggested integrated approach. To verify the novel method to risk assessment, a comparative study and sensitivity analysis are also provided. As a result, using the benefit of Pythagorean fuzzy sets, which more effectively express uncertainty, the integrated approach yields more logical conclusions for assessing work-related hazards in the energy distribution and investment sector.

Objective Evaluation of Active Interactions between the Operator and Display Screen Equipment Using an Innovative Acquisition System.

The occupational risk of operators using display screen equipment (DSE) is usually evaluated according to the extent of time spent in active operator-DSE interactions. Risk assessment is based on activity data collected through questionnaires. We evaluated an original and innovative system that can objectively assess active operator-DSE interactions by collecting electrical impulses generated by the activation of mouse, keyboard and a camera that collects attentive eye-screen fixation. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the system's performance on an employee sample involved in the task of active reading and copying at a DSE workstation connected to the system. In the context of mandatory health surveillance at work, we enrolled 38 DSE operators with normal neuropsychological and eye assessments who were required to complete two predefined reading and writing tasks. The obtained results show that the system is able to collect activity data derived from operator-DSE interactions through screen fixation, keyboard tapping and mouse handling. In the copying task, the session duration as recorded by the system was highly related to the screen fixation time. In the copying task, mouse and keyboard activities were more strongly related to session duration than screen fixation. For the copying task, it was also possible to obtain individual profiles of operator-DSE interactions while performing the same standardized tasks. Collected data can allow an objective evaluation of active time spent by DSE operators at their workstations, thus allowing a more accurate occupational health risk assessment and management. Prospective analysis of individual operator-DSE interaction profiles can favor the setup of targeted preventive and organizational interventions from an of even wider worker wellbeing perspective.