Assessment Of Lipid Profile Research Articles

Gender dependent differences in lipid metabolism in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The present study investigates gender dependent effects of insulin resistance on lipid profile and adipocytokines in individuals with diabetes receiving oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs). The aim was also to reveal the changes in the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation. Lipid profile, adipocytokine levels and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was assessed in 100 patients with diabetes (M = 43, F = 57) matched for age and gender with healthy individuals (M = 45, F = 55). The expression pattern of genes was analyzed by quantitative real time PCR. Males consuming metformin with other drugs exhibited a positive association between HOMA-IR and cholesterol, triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). Females consuming only metformin and metformin with other drugs, showed a positive association of HOMA-IR with cholesterol and a negative association with adiponectin. In males and females with diabetes, a comparable expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) while higher expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) was observed. Expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), long chain acyl CoA Synthetases (ACSL), malonyl-CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase (MCAT) and nuclear factor kappa β (NFkβ) was higher in men with diabetes than healthy males. Expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was higher in males and females with diabetes than respective healthy genders. Insulin resistance adversely affects lipid profile, adipocytokines in males with type 2 diabetes. Expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation is found to be undesirably and differentially altered in both the genders.

Frequency of dyslipidemia in patients with type ii diabetes mellitus presenting in DHQ Teaching Hospital, Sahiwal.

Dyslipidemia is major risk factor for cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus (DM). Early detection and treatment of dyslipidemia in type 2 DM can prevent the risk for atherosclerosis. Objectives: To determine the frequency of dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus presenting in DHQ Teaching Hospital, Sahiwal for routine check-up. Study Design: Cross Sectional, Observational, Descriptive study. Setting: Medical Unit 1, DHQ Teaching Hospital, Sahiwal, Pakistan. Period: 05-05-2018 to 05-11-2018. Material & Methods: Total 180 patients fulfilling selection criteria were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were obtained and sent to the Pathology Laboratory of the hospital for assessment of lipid profile. Reports were assessed and if cholesterol>200mg/dl and triglyceride>150mg/dl, then dyslipidemia was labeled. All this information was recorded on pro-formas. Results: In this study dyslipidemia was diagnosed in 81(45%) patients. Frequency of dyslipidemia was higher in age group 51-60 years (44.4%) as well as among female patients (56.8%). Overweight patients and patients with normal BMI had the highest frequency of dyslipidemia. Conclusion: the results of this study showed high frequency of dyslipidemia among type II diabetic patients. Type II diabetes is very much common in our population so there is a need to design screening programs in which blood lipid levels screening should be monitored on regular intervals to rule out dyslipidemia timely and for effective and proper management with statin therapy.

DHA-enriched fish oil reduces insulin resistance in overweight and obese adults

Adipose tissue inflammation is major factor in the development of insulin resistance (IR). Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are anti-inflammatory bioactive lipids, thus may protect against type 2 diabetes (T2D) development. Previous research has demonstrated a sex-dependent association between LCn-3PUFA and T2D, and evidence suggests LCn-3PUFA may improve IR in a sex-dependent manner. This double-blind, randomized, parallel-arm placebo-controlled study aimed to determine whether DHA-enriched fish oil (FO) supplementation improves IR. Sex-dependent effects were assessed by testing for an interaction between sex and treatment in the multiple regression models. Men and women with abdominal obesity (waist circumference: males, ≥102 cm; females, ≥88 cm) and without diabetes were recruited from the community. Participants (age: 50.9 ± 12.7 years, female: 63.7%, BMI: 32.4 ± 6.6 kg/m2) were randomly allocated to either 2 g FO (860 mg DHA + 120 mg EPA) (intervention, n = 38) or 2 g corn oil (CO) /day (control, n = 35) for 12 weeks in a double-blind randomised controlled trial. A fasting blood sample was collected at 0 and 12 weeks for assessment of IR, glucose and blood lipid profile. Sixty-eight participants completed the intervention. Compared with CO (n = 32), FO (n = 36) significantly reduced fasting insulin by -1.62 μIU/L (95%CI: -2.99, -0.26,) (p = 0.021) and HOMA-IR by -0.40 units (95%CI: -0.78, -0.02, p = 0.038). Higher insulin and HOMA-IR at baseline were associated with greater reductions in the FO group (p < 0.001). There was no interaction between sex and treatment for the change in insulin (p-interactionsex*treatment = 0.816) or HOMA-IR (p-interactionsex*treatment = 0.825). DHA-enriched FO reduces IR in adults with abdominal obesity, however, sex-dependent differences were not evident in this study.

The lipid paradox in rheumatoid arthritis: the dark horse of the augmented cardiovascular risk.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation that, if left untreated, can cause joint destruction and physical impairments. The inflammatory process is systematic, and it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Over the last years, mortality presents a decreasing trend; still, there is a high burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in RA that seems to be related to coronary atherosclerosis. Chronic inflammation, physical inactivity, and drugs used to treat RA are some of the reasons. Thus, the management of CVD risk is essential and involves the patient's stratification using distinct parameters that include assessment of the blood lipid profile. However, 'dyslipidemia' in RA patients follows a different pattern under the impact of inflammatory processes, while therapies that target the underlying disease change the levels of specific lipid components. In this review, we explore the relationship between blood lipids and inflammation in the so-called ΄lipid paradox΄ in RA, and we present the existing knowledge over the influence of antirheumatic drugs on the lipid profile of RA patients.

Lipid Profile Level among Healthy Subjects and Their Relation with Obesity- A Clinical Study

Background: Obesity is a common metabolic disease world-wide and dyslipidemias among the most common metabolic disorders associated with obesity. The present study was undertaken to assess lipid profile level among healthy subjects and their relation with obesity.Subjects and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 100 subjects. General information related to data such as name, age, gender etc. was recorded in case history proforma. BMI was evaluated based on formula of BMI = Weight (kg)/Height (m)2. Based on BMI, subjects were divided into two groups according to their BMI values as- group I- Obese and Group II- Non obese. Group I had 65 and group II had 35 subjects. Lipid profile was done.Results: There was significant difference in group I and group II regarding waist circumference (WC), BMI (kg/m2), body adiposity index (BAI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), total cholesterol (TC) (P&lt; 0.05). Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), HDL- C, LDL- C, TG, TC/HDL- C, LDL-C/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C was non- significant (P&lt; 0.05). There was negative correlations between BMI and TC, LDL-C, HDL-C; WC, WHR, VAI and HDL-C and positive significant correlations were found between WC, WHR, and TG/HDL-C, as well as between VAI andTC, TG, TC/HDL-C, LDL/HDL-C, and TG/ HDL-C.Conclusion:Authors found that there was alteration of lipid profile in obese subjects. VAI is strongly related with lipid profile and may be considered as reliable obesity index in obese patients with dyslipidemias.

Comparison common equations for LDL-C calculation with direct assay and developing a novel formula in Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN V study

BackgroundHypercholesterolemia is a common dyslipidemia that leads to atherosclerosis. It is proved that early stages of atherosclerosis begins in early stages of life. In several studies, widespread prevalence of dyslipidemia in children is reported. So, assessment of lipid profile in children and adolescence is necessary for early diagnosis of dyslipidemia. Laboratory methods for measuring LDL are not available and economical. So, in some laboratories Friedwald method is used to determine LDL level. But, the preciseness of this method is not acceptable. Further, the preciseness of this method was not assayed in children and adolescence. So, it seems that assaying the preciseness of different methods is necessary.MethodsThe methodology of this work is on the basis of findings of the Caspian V study. This study was conducted in 30 provinces of Iran during 2015. The population of this work was rural and urban students aged 7–18 years old. The level of total cholesterol (TC), HDL, LDL, and TG were measured using laboratory methods. The average and variances values were determined for each group of data using SPSS. Further, LDL values were calculated with a new formula introduced in this work. A comparison was made between the new formula and the other methods.ResultsIn the present study, we found that compare to four common formulas, Friedwald was the best equation to estimate LDL-C concentrations in Iranian children and adolescents and the new formula was the next accurate equation. The strongest correlation between Friedwald and the new equation was found for those with 15–18 years old.ConclusionConsidering the cut-off points of TG (100 mg/dL), we observed the strongest correlation between Friedwald equation and direct assay and the weakest one was for Ahmadi formula in subjects with either greater or lower TG concentrations. Furthermore, we found that Anandraja equation had the most sensitivity (89.5%), while the most specificity was dedicated to the new formula (98.9%).

Dyslipidemia and Associated Factors Among Patients Suspected to Have Helicobacter pylori Infection at Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia.

BackgroundDyslipidemia is a group of plasma lipid and lipoprotein abnormality that is metabolically associated, and it is categorized by low HDL-C and increased LDL-C, TGs, and total cholesterol (TC) levels. Colonization of the stomach by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) causes chronic inflammation of the stomach wall which can change some biochemical factors in the patient. On the association of H. pylori infection and its contributions to change in serum lipid profile, different studies reported varying outcomes.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of dyslipidemia and associated factors among patients suspected for H. pylori infection in the outpatient department of Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia.Materials and MethodsA hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 03 to April 05, 2019, at Jimma University Medical Center on 369 H. pylori suspected patients. The study subjects were selected by convenient sampling technique. About 5mL of blood was collected from an overnight fasting individual. Data were edited, coded, and entered into Epidata version 3.1 and exported to (SPSS) version 25 for analysis. Bivariate analysis was used to screen those variables which were candidates for multivariate analysis.ResultsFrom the total study subjects 77.5% had at least one abnormality in lipid profile and 87.2% of H. pylori positive patients had at least one abnormality in lipid profile. Our study demonstrated that there was significant increase of mean ± SD of TC, TG, and LDL-C in H. pylori positive patients than H. pylori negative patients (P-value < 0.05). After adjusting for traditional dyslipidemia risk factors, H. pylori infection was an independent predictor of dyslipidemia (AOR 2.628, 95% CI 1.477–4.678, P=0.001).ConclusionAn increase in prevalence of dyslipidemia among H. pylori positive patients indicates H. pylori infected patients have a possibility of altered lipid profile, therefore assessment of lipid profile in H. pylori infected patients is recommended.

1986-P: Plasma Retinol Binding Protein 4 and Adipsin Levels Were Not Altered after Gastric Sleeve Surgery in Adult Male Population

Background: Bariatric or weight loss surgery provides the most substantial and sustainable weight loss in individuals with obesity. Caloric restriction and malabsorption are not the only mechanisms by which bariatric surgery reduces body weight and improves glycemic control. Alterations in the secretion and activity of hormones are also the contributory mechanisms in bariatric surgery. We evaluated the levels of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and adipsin after gastric sleeve surgery and their relationship with insulin and lipid parameters. Method: Thirty-three obese (BMI &amp;gt; 38.3) healthy male subjects age ranged from 25 to 50 years were selected for this study. Plasma levels of RBP4 and adipsin were analyzed before and six months after gastric sleeve surgery by ELISA, along with plasma glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and lipid profile. Results: Circulating RBP4 was not significantly changed by bariatric surgery (4382.85±7.03 ng before, and 4393.28±5.769 ng after surgery, P= 0.842), neither did adipsin (2949.68±8.16 pg before, and 2917.90±7.295 pg after surgery, P=0.535). As expected, there was a reduction in BMI, insulin levels and HOMA-IR after six months of surgery. Lipid profile analysis revealed that cholesterol, high density lipoproteins (HDL), and low density lipoproteins (LDL) levels were increased after surgery (4.26±0.027 to 5.12±0.026 mmol/L and 0.90±0.007 to 1.55±0.011 mmol/L and 2.62±0.02 to 2.98±0.022 mmol/L, P&amp;lt;0.001) respectively. However, there was no correlation between RBP4, adipsin and insulin and lipid parameters. Conclusions: Our findings do not suggest a role for RBP4 and adipsin in the improvement of insulin sensitivity in obese male population after gastric sleeve surgery. Moreover, there was no correlation between their plasma levels and either BMI, glucose, insulin, or lipid profiles. Disclosure S. Alshubrami: None. M. Iqbal: None. A. Alfadda: None. K. Alregaiey: None. Funding King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (1-17-03-001-0026)

P0203EARLY DETECTION OF BREAST ARTERIAL CALCIFICATION IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS

Abstract Background and Aims Vascular calcification (VC) plays a major role in cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is one of the main causes of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The study aims at early detection of breast arterial calcification (BAC) in different stages of CKD (stage 2, 3&amp; 4) patients as an indicator of systemic VC. Method A case control study was conducted targeting CKD women, aged 18- 60 years old. The sample was divided into 3 groups; A,B,C (representing stage 2, 3 &amp; 4 of CKD) from women who attended nephrology and Internal medicine clinics and admitted in inpatient ward in Suez Canal University Hospital. A 4th group (D) was formed as a control group and included women with normal kidney functions (each group (A, B, C, D) include 22 women). The selected participants were subjected to history taking, mammogram to detect BAC and biochemical assessment of lipid profile, Serum creatinine (Cr), Mg, P, Ca, PTH and FGF23. Results Our study detected presence of BAC in about 81.8% of hypertensive stage 4 CKD patients compared with 50% in stage 3 CKD, also in the majority of stage 4 CKD patients who had abnormal lipid profile parameters and electrolyte disturbance. Most of the variables had statistical significance regarding the presence of BAC. Conclusion Although it is difficult to determine the definite stage at which the risk of VC begins but in our study, it began late in stage 2 CKD, gradually increased prevalence through stage 3 and became significantly higher in stage 4. These results suggest that preventive strategies may need to begin as early as stage 2 CKD.

Association of serum omentin concentration with anthropometric, physiological, and biochemical parameters in obese individuals.

Omentin is a secretory protein produced in visceral adipose tissue. The potential protective action of omentin in metabolic disorders is not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to determine the association of omentin with anthropometric, physiologic, and biochemical parameters in obese individuals. Sixty obese individuals and 40 normal weight controls were enrolled in the study. Anthropometric measurements were taken, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressures (DBP) were recorded. Serum fasting glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profile, and serum omentin concentrations were determined. The concentration of omentin in obese individuals was significantly lower than in controls (145.5 ± 33.3 versus 383.6 ± 92.9; P < 0.001). Omentin correlated negatively with waist circumference (P < 0.01), hip circumference (P < 0.05), percent of adipose tissue (P < 0.001), fasting insulin (P < 0.001), HOMA-IR (P < 0.001), and SBP (P < 0.001) in the patients who were obese. A positive relationship was documented with high-density lipoprotein in both the obese patients (P < 0.01) and the overall population (P < 0.001). Multiple negative omentin correlations with body weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumference and its ratio, percent of adipose tissue, SBP, triacylglycerols, glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR were demonstrated in the entire population. In the multivariate linear regression model, insulin concentration (β=-0.49; P < 0.001), percent of adipose tissue (β=-0.31; P < 0.001), and waist circumference (β=-0.21; P < 0.01) were independent predictors of omentin concentration in individuals who were obese. A concentration of omentin is associated with cardiometabolic risk-related factors in obesity. Fasting insulin, adipose tissue percentage, and waist circumference can be considered candidates for markers of omentin concentration in obese individuals.

Dyslipidemia is not associated with the development of glucose intolerance or diabetes in cystic fibrosis

BackgroundA high-fat, high-calorie diet is recommended in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) as it improves nutritional status, respiratory health and longevity. In the general population, this diet is associated with the risk of diabetes. It is unknown whether dyslipidemic changes might contribute to the development of CF-related diabetes (CFRD). ObjectiveThis study aimed to (i) characterize dyslipidemia and (ii) examine the association between dyslipidemia and development of glucose intolerance. MethodsProspective observational study with serial assessments of pulmonary function, glucose tolerance, and lipid profile. Due to intrinsically low total, HDL and LDL cholesterol in patients with CF, subjects were characterized as having dyslipidemia if they had i) HDL in the lowest quartile and/or ii) hypertriglyceridemia (≥1.7 mmol/L). ResultsA total of 256 patients with CF were included (age: 25.5 ± 7.7 years; BMI: 21.7 ± 3.0 kg/m2; FEV1%: 73.2 ± 22.1%; pancreatic insufficiency: 87%). Amongst these patients, 22.7% had low HDL, 9.0% had hypertriglyceridemia and 3.9% had mixed dyslipidemia. There were no differences in HbA1c (p = 0.583) or estimated insulin resistance [HOMA-IR (p = 0.206) or Stumvoll index (p = 0.397)]. Patients with hypertriglyceridemia had higher fat mass (p = 0.038) and fewer had pancreatic insufficiency. Lipid profiles were similar between subjects with CF and subjects with de novo CFRD. There was no effect of low HDL or hypertriglyceridemia on the development of CFRD over 10 years (p = 0.683). ConclusionIn adult patients with CF, dyslipidemia is not associated with the risk of developing hyperglycemia or CFRD.

Fasting Versus Non-Fasting in Assessing Lipid Profile and Complete Blood Picture

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is the world’s leading cause of death and represents a serious global health problem. The general recommendations to operators in the prevention of CHD should include complete lipid profile testing, that is Total Cholesterol(TC), Total Triglycerides(TG), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL). Recent recommendations have supported non-fasting lipid assessment. On the other hand, classification of dyslipidemias was derived in fasting samples, and cohort studies and clinical trials have performed fasting assessments.The aim of this study was to evaluate fasting versus non-fasting in measuring lipid profile & complete blood picture.A total of 80 female were divided into four groups of 20 female each. The 1st three groups were fasting for 4, 6,14 hours respectively and the 4th group was non-fasting. Blood samples were taken from these females for biochemical & hematological investigations.The lipid profile parameters were measured using Synchron CX4 clinical system Beckman Coulter Inc., Brea, CA. Complete Blood Picture was measured by using automated hematological analyzers BC-3000 plus (Hamburg, Germany). Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS( Statistical Package for Social Sciences) number 22.Biochemically, for TC,TG & VLDL, it was found that fasting 6 , 14 hours gave significant differences (P< 0.05) when compared with non-fasting group while there were non-significant results for the mean level of HDL & LDL between groups . Regarding hematological assessment, there were non-significant differences between groups in measuring Hemoglobin, Red blood cells, White blood cells, Platelet counts.Since non-fasting may weaken the accuracy in diagnosing some forms of hyperlipidemia, we proposed that laboratories & organizations should also offer measurement of fasting triglycerides according to clinical situations , as in the case of very high non-fasting triglyceride concentration

The effect of camelina oil (α-linolenic acid) and canola oil (oleic acid) on lipid profile, blood pressure, and anthropometric parameters in postmenopausal women.

IntroductionCold-pressed camelina oil (Camelina sativa) is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and may have a beneficial effect on the reduction of cardiovascular risk.Material and methodsIn this study, we investigated the parameters contributing to the development of cardiovascular diseases, such as dietary intake, nutritional status, blood pressure, and lipid profile. Sixty postmenopausal women with dyslipidaemia were randomly assigned to two oil groups: camelina oil and canola oil. The subjects consumed daily 30 g of the test oils for 6 weeks. Before and after dietary intervention, the assessment of nutrition (4-day dietary recall), anthropometric parameters, lipid profile, and blood pressure were evaluated.ResultsDuring the dietary intervention, decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration in both groups (15 mg/dl (0.4 mmol/l) reduction in the camelina oil group and 11 mg/dl (0.3 mmol/l) reduction in the canola oil group) was observed. In this study a decrease of waist circumference (approx. 1 cm) in the two groups was observed. In the group of women consuming camelina oil, a significant decrease of waist-to-hip ratio was seen. In the other anthropometric parameters no statistically significant changes were observed (body weight, body fat mass). After the intervention, no significant decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were noticed.ConclusionsThe camelina and canola oil intake contributed to reduction of the consumption of saturated fatty acids in the diet, had a positive influence on the lipid profile parameters, and decreased the waist circumference, which may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Atherosclerotic Risk Factors in Children with Celiac Disease.

Results We found significantly lower concentrations of total cholesterol, lipoprotein LDL-C, apolipoproteins A1 and B, as well as hCRP in all children with CD. We showed decreased level (<5 ng/mL) of folic acid among 46% of children treated for >5 years. Moreover, we showed significant decrease of folic acid level already after 1 year of a GFD (12 vs. 5.6 ng/mL; p < 0.001). We also found significant negative correlation of z-score body mass index (BMI) with HDL and APOA1 level (r = −0.33; p = 0.015 and r = −0.28; p = 0.038, respectively) and modest positive correlation of z-score BMI with atherogenic factor of total cholesterol-HDL ratio and LDL-HDL ratio (r = 0.40; p = 0.002 and r = 0.36; p = 0.006, respectively). Analysis of physical activity showed an increase in the insulin levels with inactivity (r = 0.36; p = 0.0025). We also found positive correlation of the sleep duration with the adiponectin level (r = 0.41; p = 0.011). Conclusions In children with CD treated with a GFD, decreased level of folic acid together with increased BMI, sedentary behavior, and an improper lipid profile may predispose them to atherosclerosis in the long run. This data suggests the need of further studies to determine the need for metabolic cardiovascular risk screening in children with CD.

Assessment of blood pressure and lipid profile in 1–5 years stunted children attending a tertiary care hospital

Introduction: The prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) is rapidly increasing worldwide, particularly affecting low- and middle-income countries with high burden of malnutrition. Childhood stunting signifies chronic undernutrition in early life. There is an increased risk of metabolic alterations, namely, poor glycemic control, hypertension, and altered lipid profile that occur in children with stature deficit. Long-term effect of these metabolic alterations may predispose these undernourished children to an increased risk of CAD in future life. Aim: This study aims to assess the blood pressure (BP) and lipid profile in stunted children in the age group of 1–5 years. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in eastern region of India. The study comprised 65 stunted children (with height for age [HFA] &lt;?2 standard deviation [SD]) in the cases group and 65 children with normal height and weight as control in the age group of 12 months. Detailed history and physical examination were recorded in a pretested pro forma. BP was recorded with a mercury sphygmomanometer with proper cuff. A 4-h fasting blood sample was collected for analysis of serum lipid profile. Results: Among the cases, 70% of children had HFA &lt;?2SD and 30% had HFA&lt;?3SD. The prevalence of elevated BP (particularly diastolic) among the study group was significantly higher than the controls (28% and 6%, respectively) (p=0.006). The mean serum triglyceride was significantly higher (p&lt;0.001) and mean high-density lipoprotein was significantly lower in the case group (p&lt;0.001) than the control group. Conclusion: The metabolic changes associated with stunting pose a threat for future cardiovascular disease. Early detection and prevention of stunting and its consequences will decrease the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in future life.

Does Recreational Soccer Change Metabolic Syndrome Status in Obese Adolescents? A Pilot Study

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate whether a soccer program (RSP) might lower risk factors related to metabolic syndrome (MetS) in obese adolescents. Methods: A 12-week randomized controlled trial [RSP: n = 6 (2 girls), age = 13.9 ± 1.6 yr, body mass index = 30.5 ± 2.1 kg/m2; Control: n = 7 (2 girls); age = 14.7 ± 2.3 yr, body mass index: 30.8 ± 3.1 kg/m2] was conducted. Participants underwent anthropometric, body fractioning, blood pressure, lipid profile, and glucose tolerance assessments at baseline and post-intervention. MetS status was determined based on waist circumference and at least two additional criteria: high blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia. RSP included eutrophic and overweight adolescents and consisted of small-sided games (85 ± 4% maximal heart rate) performed three times/week. Results: High-density lipoprotein increased [(HDL) ∆15.5 ± 5.2 mg·dL−1; p = .01] and triglycerides lowered [(TG) ∆−34.7 ± 7.1 mg·dL−1; p = .02] after RSP intervention. Between-group differences were also detected for changes in HDL (∆13.0 ± 6.1 mg·dL−1; p = .04) and TG (∆−47.1 ± 7.7 mg·dL−1; p = .05). The presence of MetS lowered in RSP (5 in 6 participants; p = .02), but not Control (1 in 7 participants; p = .32). Conclusion: A 12-week RSP was effective to reduce MetS risk factors and status in obese adolescents.

Metformin versus losartan: prevention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adult albino rats, an immunohistochemical study.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered a worldwide epidemic defined as the accumulation of excessive fat in the liver in the absence of excessive drinking of alcohol. Its prevalence in the Middle East ranges between 20 and 30 %. We designed this study to evaluate the preventive effect of both metformin and losartan on NAFLD in rats. We induced NAFLD by high fat diet and fructose in drinking water for 8 weeks. Twenty four rats were used in this study and randomly divided into 4 groups; control group, high fat diet group, high fat diet with metformin group and high fat diet with losartan group. Blood samples were used for detection of liver enzymes and lipid profile assessment. Paraffin and frozen liver sections were done. Metformin and losartan significantly prevented the increase in the serum levels of liver enzymes and the lipid profile induced by NAFLD in rats. Also, they partially preserved the hepatic architecture.

Assessment of lipid profile and acute phase protein in Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infected and healthy goats

Present study is based on 24 goats that were located in goat herds endemically infected with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection. Objective of the study was to access the variations in the lipid profile and acute phase proteins in the serum samples driven from non-infected (negative and physically healthy) and infected (positive and physically weak) goats with MAP infection, cause of incurable Johne’s disease (JD) in domestic livestock. Infected goats had significantly higher cholesterol and albumin levels and significantly ‘reduced level’ of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and ‘reduced level’ of the density of lipoproteins (LDL) in comparison to non-infected goats. Lipid profile and acute phase proteins could be further explored for their significance in pathogenesis and diagnosis of JD in domestic livestock including goats.

Assessment of Lipid Profile and Atherogenic Indexes of Hepatitis B Virus Carriers amongst Volunteer Blood Donors in Nigeria

Introduction: Infectious agents such as hepatitis B virus can constitute major public health problems as ii affects the liver resulting into inflammatory conditions. This study was designed to assess plasma lipid profile and atherogenic indexes of hepatitis B virus carriers among voluntary blood donors in North Central, North East and South-South regions of Nigeria. Materials & Methods: A total of 183 blood samples were collected from subjects in North Central consisting of 137 males and 46 females; 176 blood samples from the North East consisting of 129 males and 47 females and 173 blood samples from subjects in South-South region consisting of 123 males and 50 females. The mean ages of the subjects were 34.89 ± 9.19 years, 39.81 ± 9.60 years and 39.92 ± 9.27 years for North Central, North East and South-South regions respectively. The specimens were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All specimens were analyzed for total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and triglycerides with standard biochemical procedures. The atherogenic indexes were computed using established ratios. The data was analyzed statistically and p-value 0.05) between the hepatitis B positive carriers and hepatitis B negative subjects across the geo-political zones studied although in some of the parameters the values were on the high normal range between the male and female subjects. The AIP and CRR-1 and CRR-11 of the blood donors in the zones in both the HBsAg positive and negative subjects were within the reference range. The atherogenic coefficient value of >3.0 was obtained for some HBsAg negative and positive subjects in some of the zones. Conclusion: The findings thus indicate that asymptomatic HBV infection may be associated with low risk of dyslipidaemia in the population.

BIOCHEMICAL AND CLINICAL EVALUATION OF CORRELATION OF PERIODONTITIS AND EARLY CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS

Periodontal disease is a disease characterized by inflammation of the periodontal tissues caused by microorganisms in the oral cavity and affects approximately 90% of the world population. Losses in the alveolar bone and connective tissue are observed due to periodontal diseases, which may lead to tooth loss. In addition, periodontal disease has been associated with many systemic diseases such as coronary artery diseases, stroke, head and neck cancer, pregnancy complications and diabetes. Periodontal disease is affected by risk factors such as smoking and diabetes, similar to vascular diseases. Hence based on above findings the present study was planned for Biochemical and Clinical Evaluation of Correlation of Periodontitis and Early Carotid Atherosclerosis.&#x0D; The present study was planned in Department of Dentistry, Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical College and Hospital, Gaya, Bihar, India. In the present study 20 cases of the Generalized chronic Periodontitis were enrolled in the Group A as study group patients. And 20 cases of Periodontally healthy individuals were enrolled in Group B as control group patients for comparative evaluation. Under aseptic measures, venous blood samples were drawn by venipuncture in antecubital fossa using 5ml syringe and collected in a plain vacuum tubes and transported to clinical laboratory for lipid profile analysis. Both the groups were subjected for ultrasonography for the assessment of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (IMT) and Lipid Profile.&#x0D; The data generated from the present study concluded that periodontal disease has association with early carotid atherosclerosis which is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases .Thus oral health and systemic health are closely related and overall systemic health of an individual can be improved by maintaining a proper oral health regimen. It is important in terms of health policies that there is no need for an additional cost for this early diagnosis.&#x0D; Keywords: Periodontitis, Early Carotid Atherosclerosis, Heart disease, etc.