Assessment Of Economic Efficiency Research Articles

Model of economic efficiency assessment for business incubators in the Republic of Moldova

Model of economic efficiency assessment for business incubators in the Republic of Moldova

Assessment of economic efficiency of unconvential renewable energy sources utilization for energy supply of individual residential houses

Practical topics of evaluation of efficiency of heat pumps usage for individual residential houses heating with comparing of different technical options and solutions. Power of the heating system on the basis of geothermal heat pump on the example of specific building investigated. The role of heat insulation in heat losses and influence on the required power of heating system assessed, economical aspects evaluated. Comparison with alternative heating on the basis of main (pipelined) gas made in order to get objective picture of competitiveness of renewable energy sources with traditional ones in the existing regulatory and energy market conditions.

PIN46 Assessment of Economic Efficiency of the Diagnostic Medical Device "Lifering" in the Clinical Practice of Russian Federation.

Assessment of economic efficiency of the diagnostic medical device "LifeRing" for early diagnosis of influenza in the clinical practice of the subjects of the Russian Federation at the level of inpatient care. Our working hypothesis was: compared with PCR, when using the LIFRING medical device, flu therapy begins within the first 48 hours after the onset of disease symptoms, which reduces the relative risk of complications - heart failure by 48%, acute otitis media by 19%, asthma by 13% and pneumonia by 10%. In this work, only direct medical costs were taken into account: - The cost of medical care at the level of inpatient care - Costs of PCR diagnostics - Costs of implementing a new diagnostic method using the LifeRing medical device - Costs for treating complications The costs of treating recognized and unrecognized influenza in the Russian Federation are 63,893,983,049 rubles, in Moscow - 11,789,228,778 rubles, in the Moscow Region - 3,541,582,643 rubles, in the Republic of Tatarstan - 1,276,832,837 rubles. and in St. Petersburg - 3 364 679 639 rubles. Under the conditions of simulated practice, if LifeRing medical device is introduced for the diagnosis of influenza in the Russian Federation, the total economic burden will be reduced by 2.21 billion rubles. In the case of the introduction of the LifeRing medical device for the diagnosis of influenza in the city of Moscow, the total economic burden will be reduced by 0.09 billion rubles, in the Moscow region by 0.12 billion rubles, in the Republic of Tatarstan by 0.04 billion rubles and in St. Petersburg by 0.15 billion rubles. Implementation of the LifeRing medical device for the diagnosis of influenza in the clinical practice of the Russian Federation is economically feasible.

Economic Efficiency Assessment of Using Wood Waste in Cogeneration Plants with Multi-Stage Gasification

The aim of this work is to assess the effectiveness of biomass gasification power plants in Russia (Irkutsk region) and compare them with other types of electricity and heat cogeneration systems. Biomass, which is waste from logging and wood processing, is considered as fuel for gasification plants. As a criterion, the cost of energy is used. Analytical relations are obtained for the cost of electric energy at a given cost of thermal energy and vice versa, thermal energy at a given cost of electric energy. These relationships are applied to assess the economic efficiency and compare small-power plants (up to 200–500 kW) such as mini-combined heat and power (CHP) on fuel chips and fuel pellets, coal-fired CHP and gas and liquid fuel power plants (gas-piston and diesel power plants). The latter are equipped with heat recovery boilers and supply consumers with heat and the electric power simultaneously. The calculation results show that the cost of electricity when using wood fuel is significantly less than the cost of electricity from a diesel power plant due to the use of cheaper fuel. In this regard, for autonomous energy systems of small power, especially near logging points, energy supply from biomass gasification power plants is a preferable solution than the use of diesel power plants. Wood fired energy cogeneration systems (mini-CHP) can also successfully compete with coal and gas power plants if they have cheap wood fuel at their location. With the introduction of carbon dioxide emissions charges, the use of not only wood chips, but also pellets becomes competitive in comparison with coal and gas.

Classification of integral indicators of EPS operational efficiency

It becomes more and more obvious that focusing solely on economic efficiency is not a good strategy for business development. Moreover, a quantitative assessment of the integral operation indicators, including complex indicators of efficiency, environmental performance and safety, can help to protect a business against possible bankruptcy [1]. In the electric power industry, this is reflected in the modified concept of operational efficiency (OE). OE is not only the usual economic efficiency, but also operational reliability and safety. There is a good reason for such modification of the concept. In electric power systems (EPS), the actual service life of about 60% of the main equipment, devices and installations exceeds the rated value. We shall refer to such equipment as “overage facilities” (OF). The failure of such OF is the main cause of unacceptable system emergencies. During the rated service life of EPS, only a quantitative assessment of operational economic efficiency is performed. Operational reliability and safety (for example, the average monthly values) are not calculated, since they are guaranteed by the manufacturer. However, after the warranty period is over, operators still do not evaluate complex indicators of operational reliability and safety, since there is no methodology for their assessment. Moreover, it is necessary to be able to calculate the integral OE indicators which reflect the actual values of economic efficiency, operational reliability and safety. It can significantly reduce the risk of mistakes when choosing the methods for organizing operation, maintenance and repair. Then, decisions will be made based on comparing these integral indicators. The random nature of changes in technical and economic indicators (TEI) is determined by the random nature of changes in the integral OE indicators. The article presents new methods and algorithms for determining the feasibility of classifying the integral OE indicators of OF.

Research on the Coordination Planning Method of Power Generation and Transmission Based on Economic Efficiency Assessment of Power Grid

Introduction In order to promote the coordination of generation and transmission in the electricity market， this paper proposes a coordinated generation and transmission planning method based on economic efficiency evaluation of power grid. Method With the gradual advancement of the power market reform， the competition of generation side was more diversified and the selling side was gradually liberalized. Traditional planning methods of power grid might no longer be applicable in the power market. In this paper， the main causes of the inconsistency between power supply and power grid development under the new environment of power market were analyzed from the aspects of uncertainty of power supply development and power flow. Result The cost-benefit method to Evaluate Economic Efficiency is applied. By calculating the net benefit of the system with or without the project， the benefit-cost ratio BCR of each project is finally obtained， which is used to optimize the power distribution and serve as an important basis for the decision-making of power grid projects. Conclusion It is suggested that the coordination between generation and transmission in power market can be promoted by optimizing and improving the method of power grid planning and establishing an evaluation system of power grid economic efficiency.

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ: ОПЫТ ФЕРМЕРСКИХ ХОЗЯЙСТВ АЛМАТИНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН

This comprehensive study deals with identification of economic efficiency of using the calves keeping technology based on the example of three dairy farms containing 1000 or more dairy cows: JSC “Adal”, PF IB "Aidarbayev", LLP “Agrofirm “Dinara-Ranch”, identification of their development potential, assessing the level of production processes. The presented calculation of the profitability of model farms for dairy industry of agricultural sector of Kazakhstan will provide a reasonable transfer and adaptation of technologies for automating production of livestock products in dairy cattle breeding in the republic, contributing to the achievement of goals, objectives and indicators in the framework of the implementation of the State Program on AIC Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2017-2021. A systematic approach to determining the performance of model dairy farms is based on system of indicators reflecting production and financial results of their activities. The main criteria are intensity of using forage arable land in centners of feed units per 1 ha, productivity of dairy cows, kg/year, cost of raw milk production, tg/kg, gross income from milk sales, net profit, production of gross output per 1 employee. Such integrated data reflects the efficiency of use of production resources and indicates possible reserves of their fullest use, including in introducing new technology. The authors note the expediency of conducting a comparative assessment of economic efficiency of farms in comparison with model farm that implements the automation of technological processes in dairy production

Analysis of effectiveness of process operational and technological reliability of agricultural mashines

The analysis suggests that to solve the contradiction between the need of ensuring the required level of serviceability of combine harvesters and capabilities of existing system and repair management of the technical state of combine harvesters at the present stage, there is a need to improve the subsystem recovery combine harvesters subject to the requirements of readiness to perform tasks on purpose and financial capacity for its maintenance. Analysis of scientific literature showed that today the unsolved problem of search and introduction of effective methods and repair combine harvesters are: development of mathematical models of the process and repair, which would allow comparative assessment of technical and economic efficiency of different modes, and repair objects combine harvesters, alternative strategies for their repair, with the aim of improving the quality of control of technical condition of the vessel in conditions of limited funding. Consideration of the process of technical maintenance of combine harvesters as a set of stages and repair objects combine harvesters allows to identify possible directions of improving the system restore. The analysis allowed to determine four basic options for its organization and to make a qualitative assessment of the benefits and disadvantages of each of these options. Reduced operating costs in the operation of combine harvesters, along with other measures of organizational and technical nature require greater automation of control of technical condition. Automation of technical state control of combine harvesters developed in the following areas: embedded systems control, on-board automated control systems, specialized control systems and universal control systems dismantled equipment. A large share of false failures in equipment, violation of industrial relations in the repair network on-board equipment, the shortage of maintenance fund requires implementation and operation. Most fully able to examine the efficiency of the process of operation of complex technical systems using analytical models. Existing approaches to the assessment of the recovery system can be classified also according to the used indicators of effectiveness: the number of constructive variables of units that are replaced (restored) for a predetermined period of operation of the control object, repair cost of the constituent elements of the functional system for a specific period at different depths of the control and completeness of the recovery, the downtime of the test object within a certain period, for comprehensive reliability, such as coefficient of readiness, coefficient of technical use.

Ecological and economic assessment of military land use efficiency in the context of environmental security

The aim of the study is to present the results of a methodological approach to environmental and economic assessment of land use efficiency in the context of environmental safety of the population within the territories where military facilities are located (on the example of land use within the Desnyansk united territorial community). As a result of the study, the authors presented a methodological approach to environmental and economic assessment of land use efficiency in the development of land relations, as well as in the context of environmental safety of the population of the territories where military facilities are located. According to the proposed methodological approach, the impact of military facilities and risks to the ecological instability of land use and anthropogenic impact on the territories, and, accordingly, the threat to the environmental safety of the population. The ecological and economic assessment of the efficiency of military land use substantiated by the authors allows to carry out appropriate measures for ecological safety in relation to public welfare.The scientific novelty of the work lies in the further application of theoretical, methodological and practical provisions that determine the ecological, economic and institutional principles of military land use in the context of environmental security, in particular in the development of land relations. Because this is one of the first studies, which is devoted to the environmental and economic assessment of land use efficiency in the context of environmental safety of life within the territories where military facilities are located.The authors believe that the significance of the declared study lies in the fact that ensuring the environmental safety of the population of the territories where military facilities are located through the prevention of dangerous situations, remains the main way to solve environmental, economic, and social problems.

Prospects for the solar energy development in housing construction: an assessment of economic efficiency

Currently, around the world there is an acute question of the new energy sources’ development and implementation. It is known that the most significant of them today are oil, natural gas, coal, electricity. Oil and gas reserves are not unlimited. It is necessary to look for the alternative sources of energy [4, 5, 6, 14]. This is due not only to a shortage of basic energy resources, but to the increasing cost of their extraction and processing, as well as to an aggravation of the environmental situation in the world [1]. In search of the new sources of energy, people are increasingly turning to solar panels. This is an excellent replacement for the generators of various types, some of which may be slightly functional or potentially dangerous for a private house. The solar energy has been known for a long time, it is a subject of debate and discussion among the specialists. Some people think that this is a great prospect for the future, others are sure of the opposite, since on the one hand, solar panels do not require expenses for their operation, but the cost of this equipment is high. Some experts claim that the profit from this project will not be able to cover the costs associated with construction. In contrast, these devices can work for tens and hundreds of years, therefore, with long-term operation, the profit will be obvious [4, 5, 6, 11, 14].

INTENSIFICATION OF THE USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES – THE OBJECTIVE NEED TO IMPROVE RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND INCREASE THE COMPETITIVENESS OF PRODUCTION OF PRODUCTS OF THE AGRARIAN SECTOR OF UKRAINE

Purpose. The aim of the article is substantiation of theoretical bases of RES use and practical aspects of economic efficiency of various projects on use of solar energy depending on territorial conditions of the enterprises of agrarian and industrial complex of Ukraine as a factor of resource saving and energy efficiency. Methodology of research. Dialectical methods of cognition of processes and phenomena, economic, financial, comparative and monographic methods (for analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of RES in different territorial conditions of Ukraine), are used to achieve this goal as well as abstract and logical method (for theoretical generalizations, conclusions). Findings. The efficiency of solar energy use in different territorial conditions of Ukraine is substantiated. The efficiency of projects under different scenarios of production of agro-industrial complex (drinking water) is calculated on the example of PJSC “Dobra Voda” of Zboriv district of Ternopil region. It is established that the most effective project for this enterprise in all studied production scenarios is a project with a capacity of 1 MW, the second place in terms of efficiency is occupied by a project with a capacity of 850 kW, in third place ‒ a project with a capacity of 700 kW, and the least effective is a project with a capacity of 585 kW. The economic efficiency of investment projects in the dynamics of 25 years using discounting methods was studied and it was found that the project with a capacity of 1 MW is the most effective in all scenarios of production at the enterprise. It is concluded on the basis of an in-depth study of the effectiveness of existing projects in different territorial conditions of Ukraine that these projects for the use of solar energy in the eastern and southern regions of the country may have better performance indicators of economic efficiency 1.5-2 times. Taking into account the experience of the EU-28, it is substantiated that in Ukraine, which has a strong biological potential, the priority should be to accelerate the development of bioenergy, which will increase RES and on this basis to replace gas and oil, reduce production costs, improve its competitiveness; to clean the environment in all regions of the country; increase the number of jobs and improve the social and economic living conditions of the population. Originality. Theoretical approaches to the assessment of economic efficiency of projects of different capacity for the use of solar energy according to the options that take into account the territorial features of their implementation at the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine are substantiated. Practical value. The main provisions and conclusions set out in the article contain methodological and practical recommendations for the formation of a system of resource conservation and the use of renewable energy sources at enterprises. Key words: resource saving, energy efficiency, renewable energy sources, solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, hydropower, efficiency, competitiveness.

Business center construction project as the model of resource-saving building

Design with resource-saving technologies has become an important part of the Terms of Reference for the project, and environmental friendliness has become a key core of the business center marketing strategy. The purpose of research was to develop the business center construction project as the model of resource-saving building. The research results are the following tasks: to create the comfortable environment for lessees and guests: thermal and visual comfort, air exchange quality; to ensure high energy efficiency of the building; to reduce the resource consumption costs to maximum (energy, water and heat). In the research, the project concept and business plan were developed, the project risks analysis was conducted and the project economic efficiency assessment was performed. In the course of research, the calculations of the full life cycle cost of the building were analyzed and made. The following technical characteristics on internal and external lighting, heat supply of the building, comfortable environment, heat exchange quality, water treatment and re-use, and energy-efficient elevators were considered. The project comprises the land improvement plan for adjacent territory, including introduction of the “green” roof technology to into operation. In the project, the risk of excess water consumption and damage of finishing materials and equipment were brought to minimum. It is planned to have separate accounting of the energy, water and heat by various lessees, floors and functional areas of the business center. The readings will be recorded by the automated control and dispatch system of the building. This will make it possible to conduct a detail results analysis, keep statistics and set the goals to reduce the resource consumption.

Tracking Changes in Mining Object Topology on Rectangular and Hexagonal Grids

The Earth remote sensing technologies (ERS) in exploration largely determine their effectiveness. Therefore, development of a new methodological support for the use of remote sensing data in predicting mining and geological conditions is a key priority area. The studies are based on the analysis of the assessment of information, social, and economic efficiency of remote sensing data application at mineral deposits. The role of application of new technologies (including remote ones) in the process of optimizing initial exploration stages is noted. The possibilities of using remote sensing data to assess general nature, direction, and extent of environmental changes due to mining activities are shown. A technique is proposed that can be used in the process of tracking changes in the topology of objects in the course of mining. The differences in the results obtained using the proposed technique for processing satellite images on rectangular and hexagonal grids (rasters) are considered. The advantages of using the hexagonal grid for tracking the boundaries of objects and formation of signs are shown. Practical examples - a number of open source satellite images processed using the proposed method - are presented. The study findings allow applying intelligent analysis of satellite imagery data with the subsequent identification of the earth's surface objects of interest. An example of using the obtained results together with specialized software tools (such as GIS INTEGRO geographic information system capable of solving geological problems, or the foreign ArcGIS system) for constructing contour maps of the territory and obtaining its description based on topological relations and metric information is shown.

Economic Efficiency Assessment of State Property Management Activities (Case Study of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra, Russia)

Economic Efficiency Assessment of State Property Management Activities (Case Study of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra, Russia)

Analysis of the current state of the mining industry

The research and analysis of the branches of the national economy allows us to get operative data on tendencies and directions of development of different spheres of economy. The current state of development of industries is characterized on the basis of the study of statistical materials, the analysis of negative phenomena in the development and location of industrial production, the assessment of technical level and economic efficiency. The mining industry is the basis for the manufacturing industries, so it plays important role in the country's economy. The state and development of the extractive industry is closely linked to the state and development of the entire economy of the country. The article analyzes the state and dynamics of development of the extractive industry of Ukraine from 2013 to 2018 by the main economic indicators. The analysis is based on the processing of statistics on the object of study, the calculation of the main indicators of the industry and summarizing the findings, in order to identify the main problems and trends in the mining industry. The author analyzes the extraction of such industries as: coal, natural gas, iron ores, gypsum and anhydrite, limestone, chalk, sand, gravel, kaolin, peat and salt. After analyzing the peculiarities and problems of development of the mining industry, it was found that it is adversely affected by the unstable economic and political situations. Thus, solving the problems that are taking place in Ukraine's mining industry requires a comprehensive approach to the modernization of the industry's material base and reform of the mining sector development management system. The state should develop programs for the development of the extractive industry and encourage investment.

Assessment of technical and economic efficiency of a closed hydrogen cycle at NPP

The paper deals with the technical and economic efficiency of combining NPP with the hydrogen energy complex (HEC) based on a closed hydrogen cycle. At the present stage of studying, the use of hydrogen produced through electrolysis (electrolysis hydrogen, EH) is a well-known approach to providing NPP with a base load during hours of minimum electrical load in the energy system (ES). Despite the existing concerns about the safety of using hydrogen fuel in the cycles of thermal power plants (TPP), this approach could improve NPP efficiency by accumulating the unused night-time electricity succeeded by generation of additional electricity during the hours of maximum electrical loads in ES. This provides further development of clean energy on the basis of atomic-hydrogen technologies. In the paper, the technical and economic efficiency of implementing the closed hydrogen cycle at NPP depending on the cost of the off-peak electricity required for HEC has been investigated.The assessment of the main technical and economic efficiency indicators of the basic equipment for HEC based on a closed hydrogen cycle preventing hydrogen from penetrating into the main steam cycle has allowed analyzing the efficiency of combining NPP with HEC. For this purpose, an increase of the steam-turbine unit (STU) capacity due to an increase in steam consumption along with the flowing section efficiency has been estimated; the required heat exchanging area for a closed system of hydrogen steam superheating (HSS) has been determined on the basis of the heat and mass transfer process calculations; and capital expenditures (CAPEX) as well as operating expenses (OPEX) have been calculated. As an example, a comparative assessment of two alternative methods for implementing a closed hydrogen cycle has been performed: at elevated and atmospheric pressure of combustion products.The calculation results have allowed determining key figures of comparative technical and economic efficiency of implementing the proposed schemes for combining NPP with HEC based on a closed hydrogen cycle. Zones of economic efficiency depending on the cost of off-peak electricity for the needs of the hydrogen energy complex have been determined as well. The calculations have shown that reducing the pressure of combustion products to the atmospheric one may result in a certain decrease in the efficiency of the closed hydrogen cycle. These results could be used in developing and optimizing the systems for increasing an economically sound maneuverability of NPP based on combining with HEC.

THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT MECHANISMS FOR GLOBAL IT OUTSOURCING DEVELOPMENT

The purpose of this article is to develop a deeper understanding of government policy regarding global IT outsourcing. The effects of global outsourcing are subjective to the economy of each country and the intention for which the same was undertaken. The development and the formation of a competitive environment of the global outsourcing market in IT business is taking into account the relevant prerequisites, has certain trends and results. The study of these characteristics allowed to establish the form of functioning of this phenomenon at the global level, to outline the significant advantages and problems of this type of business, which in its turn influenced the regulatory policy of states to transform or stabilise its economy. The article identifies the components and structure of institutional support for IT outsourcing development at different levels of management and regulation starting from local to international. The purpose of the article is to systematize and analyze the state of institutional support for the regulation of global outsourcing of IT business in the international market. Problems and tendencies of influence of institutes, their mechanisms and tools are revealed. Methodical approaches to the assessment of economic efficiency are offered. The possible consequences of their imperfection are described. The directions of improvement for the future are substantiated.

Experience in Evaluating the Project on Research Infrastructure of the Center for Collective Use for the Production of Catalysts

The infrastructural component of Russia’s scientific and technological development requires a significant update of the methodology for evaluating the relevant investment projects. The article covers the issue of simultaneous assessment of financial and economic efficiency of research infrastructure projects and justification of the need for government participation for successful implementation of such projects. The suggested methods and models are based on the transition from financial to economic indicators of the project through the adjustment of cash flows, identification of public effects significant for such projects (social, environmental, indirect, price, tax), and allocation of synergistic effects in their composition. These methods and models were tested for the innovative project of the Center for Collective Use “Experimental Catalyst Production”, which was proposed by the Institute of Catalysis in 2018 within the framework of the Novosibirsk regional programme “Akademgorodok 2.0”. The results show that the stimulation of investment in research infrastructure is justified by a significant excess of the project economic efficiency compared to its financial efficiency and it significantly depends on the choice of an adequate mechanism for government support

Remix NFC: options, timeframe, technical and economic assessment of efficiency

REMIX conception is one of the advance option of NFC for LWR SNF management for U&Pu multyrecycling in existing NPP fleet, which suppose more efficient usage of natural resource and energetic potential in SNF, provide non-accumulation SNF. Three experimental REMIX fuel assemblies, (FA) containing 18 REMIX-fuel elements have been manufactured. Since 2016, they are being irradiated at Balakovo NPP. In parallel, ampules for FA irradiation in MIR research reactor and post-irradiation investigations were manufactured – some of them have already been removed and are being investigated. The next stage is to have references in the full-scale F As fabrication and irradiation. In 2018 there was the start of the safety case development program for REMIX fuel use in WWER-1000. The program includes the development and validation of computer codes for nuclear and radiation safety demonstration. There are plans for the industrial facility for REMIX-fuel fabrication construction. In 2018 the development of investment justification such facility was initiated.

Economic assessment of potential efficiency gains in typical lamb production systems in the alpine region by using local resources

Abstract The alpine region is very suitable for sheep farming, which keeps the landscape open and produces meat by using local resources. However, the market has more potential than currently realised, but the profitability of lamb production needs to be improved. Management changes would allow efficiency gains and could be implemented on farms in the short or medium term. Thus, based on traditional high-quality forage management in the Swiss alpine region, we analysed the profitability of lamb production systems by full-cost accounting and by examining the economic impact of variables such as productivity, live weight and fattening management for two typical (standardised) farms: 1) farm with 200 sheep (Hill-200) in a hilly area with accelerated lambing and 2) farm with 140 sheep (Mount-140) in a mountainous area with seasonal lambing once per year. In both farm types, conventional breed types resulting from displacement crossing were kept on a constant forage area. The analyses were based on accountancy data and face-to-face interviews with farmers on 15 single farms in different regions. For Hill-200, next to other simulated management interventions the most promising was shortening the lambing interval to 240 days (3 lambings in 2 years), resulting in a substantial increase in gross margin (+44 %), return on labour (+27 %) and income per hectare (+57 %) compared with the baseline scenario. The carcass weight per hectare increased from 202 to 265 kg. A lambing interval of 240 days compared with seasonal lambing (365 days) increased the income per hectare by 82 %. For Mount-140, the most promising simulated management interventions were increasing the litter size, reducing concentrate input and extending the fattening period. When combined, these interventions resulted in a substantial increase in gross margin (+58 %), return on labour (+38) and income per hectare (+63 %) compared with the baseline scenario. The carcass weight per hectare increased from 153 to 194 kg. The improvements based on our model calculations are practicable by changing the ewe flock to original genetics characterised by higher prolificacy, less weight and greater hardiness. When crossed with rams of meaty breeds, these ewes can be expected to produce vigorous hybrid lambs with a similar growth rate and carcass quality compared with lambs of ewes in the current (baseline) systems.