Assessment Of Children Research Articles

Parent/Caregiver Experiences of a CAMHS ADHD Assessment Pathway: A Qualitative Service Evaluation.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impulsivity, inattention, and hyperactivity. Although the literature has explored the parental impact of living with a child diagnosed with ADHD, less is known about the ADHD assessment journey for children and the parental experiences of this. A recent service evaluation suggested that exploring parental perceptions of a child's ADHD assessment pathway could be beneficial in understanding experiences, gathering ideas for future service development, and collecting service user feedback. The aims were to (a) explore the broad experiences of parents/caregivers accessing the ADHD assessment pathway for their child and (b) explore experiences of remote appointments during the assessment process in consideration of the COVID-19 pandemic. Twelve parents of children who had experienced an ADHD assessment within a CAMHS pathway participated in a telephone-based semi-structured interview. This involved gathering experiences of the CAMHS ADHD pathway from a parental perspective. The evaluation implemented a qualitative design. Qualitative data was analyzed through thematic analysis. Results revealed seven main themes. Regarding general experiences of the pathway, parent/caregiver interview responses indicated a sense of relief, feeling understood, and the service being child-focused during the assessment. Difficulties were highlighted within the themes, such as long waiting lists impacting on the child and parent as well as lengthy assessments. In reference to COVID-19 and remote/telephone appointments, interview responses indicated some positives of having remote appointments, such as comfort and convenience. Thus, the strengths of face-to-face communication were highlighted.

어머니와 교사가 평정한 유아의 주도성과 자기통제가 운동발달에 미치는 영향

Objectives The study noted the importance of child motor development, confirming the impact of mother-reported and teacher-reported child initiative and self-regulation on the children’s motor development.
 Methods For 278 children, motor development was measured using the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-II), and child initiative and self-regulation data were collected from 278 mothers and 14 teachers using the Devereux Early Childhood Assessment questionnaire.
 Results There was a difference in child motor development according to the level of initiative and self-regulation. The higher the mother evaluates her child's self-regulation, the higher the teacher evaluates the child's initiative, the better the child's locomotion skills were. With this, the higher the mother and teacher assess the child's self- regulation, the higher the teacher assessed the child's initiative, the better the child's object-control skills were.
 Conclusions The results of this study provide examples of whole child by empirically illustrate the relationship between social emotional development and physical motor development.

Empathy and behavior in children affected by autism spectrum disorders.

Many studies have already shown that individuals suffering from autism spectrum disorders (ASD) present low levels of empathy: in fact, reduced emotional reciprocity is considered a clinically significant indicator of autistic functioning. We decided to investigate the role of empathy in determining pathological behaviors in children affected by ASD considering parents' point of view; and to evaluate the presence of differences between mothers and fathers' perception of their child's empathy and behaviors. We compared empathy levels in a sample of 58 patients with ASD as reported by a parent-filled questionnaire with the results of a global evaluation conducted by means of play observations, clinician-rated scales, a semistructured interview with both caregivers and parent-filled questionnaires. The majority of ASD patients have low levels of empathy according to both parents' points of view; noteworthy, mothers and fathers are highly concordant in this respect. Children's levels of empathy negatively correlate with many behavioral problems, both internalizing and externalizing. Furthermore, we found that mothers tend to perceive more internalizing problems, while fathers are more willing to notice externalizing ones. Involving both caregivers in children's diagnostic assessment could deepen patient's evaluation and finally the therapeutic results. Mothers and fathers seem to be highly consistent in describing the psychological characteristics of their child, but not in respect to symptoms.

Using Participatory Research to Develop a Culturally Responsive Early Childhood Assessment Tool

Early childhood educators are uniquely positioned to advance equity by providing culturally-responsive early learning environments and developing respectful and reciprocal relationships with families. Culturally-responsive teaching practices recognize the diverse cultures of children and families as strengths and empower children through cultural values of their family heritage (Gay, 2010). One early childhood program serving Alaska Native and American Indian (AN/AI) children and families identified a need to more systematically support educators’ reflection on their knowledge, skills, and abilities related to cultural programming. This paper aims to describe the process of and lessons learned from using a participatory, community-based research approach to develop a culturally-responsive early childhood assessment tool. Operating from a postmodern/transformative paradigm, we describe the journey of this process with particular attention to shifting power to the community participants and carefully attending to our own reflexivity as three white researchers collaborating with a tribal non-profit organization.

Effect of Nursing Interventions on Feeding Difficulties of Children with Cerebral Palsy

Context: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a static non-progressive brain disorder defined as a group of motor disorders resulting from brain damage before, during, or after birth. Children with CP frequently have feeding problems, growth disorders, feeding complications, communication disorders, mental obstruction, seizure disorders, auditory problems, and visual deficiency, which may significantly impact their health.
 Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of nursing interventions on feeding difficulties of children with cerebral palsy.
 Methods: A quasi-experimental (pre/post-test) research design was utilized in this study that was conducted at the Neurologic Specialized Clinic at Children's Hospital affiliated to Ain Shams University Hospitals. A convenient sample of forty-five children with CP having feeding difficulties and their mothers was selected from the previously mentioned setting. Data were collected by using three tools, a structured interview questionnaire and a Children Observation Assessment Record to assess the child's ability and feeding difficulties of the studied children before and after the intervention.
 Results: The study reveals a mother's mean age of 31.33±4.46 and a child's mean age of 6.28±2.91. The children's assessment reveals that 84.4% of cerebral palsy children were hypotonic. Pre and post-test comparisons of children's BMI revealed a statistically significant difference at p=0.018, and feeding difficulties revealed a statistically significant difference in spoon feeding p= 0.007, biting p=0.002, chewing p=0.003, cup drinking p= 0.005, swallowing p=0.001, and drooling during eating p=0.009.
 Conclusion: The study concluded that the supportive nursing intervention program was successful in improving the feeding difficulties as regards spoon feeding, biting, chewing, cup drinking, swallowing, and drooling during eating after the intervention compared to the children's pre-intervention level. The study recommended applying supportive nursing interventions for children with CP having feeding difficulties as a main supportive nursing intervention to overcome feeding difficulties.

Assessment and Evaluation of Early Childhood Education Institutions

<em><span>Assessment is a systemic and continuous process or activity to collect information about the process and learning outcomes of students in order to make decisions based on certain criteria and considerations. This study aims to determine the reality of assessment and evaluation conditions in early childhood education. This study used a qualitative approach and was conducted in five A-accredited ECE institutions in Banjarbaru City. The techniques used to collect data were by interview, observation and documentation. Data analysis used in this study followed the Miles and Hubermen model. Based on the results of the research, the five institutions use 3 types of assessments in their implementation for their students, namely diagnostic assessments, formative assessments, and summative assessments. The results of children's reports to parents in the form of report cards each semester which use checklist techniques, work results, anecdotal records, and serial photos. The activity of reporting the results of children's assessments to parents is carried out every semester. So if the school has already completed the semester, the results of the assessment will be given to the children's parents. The report form for each semester is in the form of a report card. So the report card will represent all children's assessments in their learning.</span></em>

Application-Based Development of Alternative and Augmentative Communication System for Children with Cerebral Palsy

Based on the observation results, children with cerebral palsy were the subjects of the study. They communicate using gestures such as pointing accompanied by meaningless vocalizations. Only some people can immediately understand what the child intends. When they need something, the child will cry and scream. Based on these obstacles, the children need media as an alternative and augmentative communication system that can support them in communicating with their modalities and needs, one of which is using symbolic pictures and voice output. This research aims to design an alternative and augmentative communication program based on the children's assessment results. This research uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques such as interviews, observations, and documentation. The study results in a program design expected to be implemented as a comprehensive tool to assist children in communication.

Diabetes-Related Quality of Life Assessment in Children following Total Pancreatectomy with Islet Autotransplantation

Total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT) can improve pain and reduce functional impairment associated with acute recurrent or chronic pancreatitis. However, long-term glucose monitoring and insulin therapy are often required, which can adversely affect the quality of life. We sought to evaluate diabetes-related quality of life (DR-QOL) in youth who underwent TPIAT and compare it to the youth with new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D). The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ 3.2 Diabetes Module (PedsQL™ DM) was used to assess DR-QOL in 46 youth (<20 years old) who underwent TPIAT. The PedsQL™ DM scores were analyzed for statistically significant changes and minimally important clinical differences (MCID) over time post-TPIAT. Scores at 12 months (n = 29) and 24 months (n = 16) were then compared to PedsQL™ DM scores from a historical cohort of demographically similar (age and sex) youth with a 12 months (n = 52) and 24 months (n = 58) after diagnosis of T1D. The diabetes symptoms summary score (mean 65 to 57 and p = 0.03 ) and the total score (mean 74 to 68 and p < 0.05 ) decreased (worsened) during the first 24 months post-TPIAT and met the MCID threshold, suggesting the decrease in these scores was clinically significant. Post-TPIAT PedsQL™ DM scores were not significantly different than youth new diagnosis of T1D after 24 months (all p > 0.2 ). In youth who underwent TPIAT, DR-QOL worsened over the first two years, mostly attributable to the diabetes symptoms score. Compared to children with T1D, post-TPIAT DR-QOL was similar two years after diabetes onset.

A flow that comes when we’re talking: water metaphors for exploring intercultural communication during early childhood assessment interactions in a Yolŋu (First Nations Australian) community

ABSTRACT Culture mediates how all people think and communicate and intercultural communication skills are required for effective collaboration. This study (2017–2021) explored intercultural communication with 40 participants in one very remote First Nations Australian community in Northern Australia. We explored the perspectives of both Yolŋu (First Nations Australian people from North-East Arnhem Land) and Balanda (non-Indigenous people, in this case Australian) on interactions during early childhood assessments of Yolŋu children (0–6 years). Our intercultural research team used a culturally responsive form of video-reflexive ethnography, a Yolŋu approach to in-depth discussion and collaborative analysis. In this article, we explore nine intercultural communication processes that were recognized and enacted by study participants. Each process is represented by a metaphor drawn from water traveling in North-East Arnhem Land. We share these processes so that others may consider exploring their relevance in other intercultural communication contexts.

Virtual Risk Management-Exploring Effects of Childhood Risk Experiences through Innovative Methods (ViRMa) for Primary School Children in Norway: Study Protocol for the ViRMa Project.

Research indicates that risky play benefits children's risk assessment and risk management skills and offers several positive health effects such as resilience, social skills, physical activity, well-being, and involvement. There are also indications that the lack of risky play and autonomy increases the likelihood of anxiety. Despite its well-documented importance, and the willingness of children to engage in risky play, this type of play is increasingly restricted. Assessing long-term effects of risky play has been problematic because of ethical issues with conducting studies designed to allow or encourage children to take physical risks with the potential of injury. The Virtual Risk Management project aims to examine children's development of risk management skills through risky play. To accomplish this, the project aims to use and validate newly developed and ethically appropriate data collection tools such as virtual reality, eye tracking, and motion capturing, and to provide insight into how children assess and handle risk situations and how children's past risky play experiences are associated with their risk management. We will recruit 500 children aged 7-10 years and their parents from primary schools in Norway. Children's risk management will be measured through data concerning their risk assessment, risk willingness, and risk handling when completing a number of tasks in 3 categories of virtual reality scenarios: street crossing, river crossing, and playing on playground equipment. The children will move around physically in a large space while conducting the tasks and wear 17 motion-capturing sensors that will measure their movements to analyze motor skills. We will also collect data on children's perceived motor competence and their sensation-seeking personality. To obtain data on children's risk experiences, parents will complete questionnaires on their parental style and risk tolerance, as well as information about the child's practical risk experience. Four schools have been recruited to participate in data collection. The recruitment of children and parents for this study started in December 2022, and as of April 2023, a total of 433 parents have consented for their children to participate. The Virtual Risk Management project will increase our understanding of how children's characteristics, upbringing, and previous experiences influence their learning and ability to handle challenges. Through development and use of cutting-edge technology and previously developed measures to describe aspects of the children's past experiences, this project addresses crucial topics related to children's health and development. Such knowledge may guide pedagogical questions and the development of educational, injury prevention, and other health-related interventions, and reveal essential areas for focus in future studies. It may also impact how risk is addressed in crucial societal institutions such as the family, early childhood education, and schools. DERR1-10.2196/45857.

Prevalence of Active Primitive Reflexes and Craniosacral Blocks in Apparently Healthy Children and Relationships with Neurodevelopment Disturbances.

In healthy children, the frequency of the anomalous persistence of primitive reflexes (PRs) and craniosacral blocks (CBs) is unknown, as well as their impact on neurodevelopment, behaviour disorders and related consequences. We aim to know the prevalence of anomalous PRs and CBs in apparently healthy children and their relationships with behavior and neurodevelopment anomalies. Participants (n = 120) were evaluated via a physical examination to detect PRs and CBs and an ad hoc parent survey to collect perinatal events, and children's behavioral assessments were conducted by teachers using the Battelle score. PRs were present in 89.5%. Moro (70.8%), cervical asymmetric (78.3%) and cervical symmetric PRs (67.5%) were the most frequently observed PRs. CBs were found in 83.2%, and the most frequent CBs were dura mater (77.5%) and sphenoid bone (70%) blocks. Moro, cervical asymmetric and cervical symmetric active primitive reflexes were significantly associated with cranial blocks of dura mater, parietal zones and sphenoid bone sway. Gestational disorders or perinatal complications were associated with a higher frequency of PRs and CBs. The presence of PRs and CBs was associated with abnormal Battelle scores and neurobehavioral problems. The presence of PRs and CBs in children without diagnosed diseases is frequent and related to disturbances in childhood neurodevelopment.

Assessment of Children's Exposure to Intelligent Transport System 5.9 GHz Vehicular Connectivity Using Numerical Dosimetry.

This study investigates the radio-frequency electromagnetic field exposure (RF-EMF) levels in pedestrians generated by vehicular communication technology. We specifically investigated exposure levels in children of different ages and both genders. This study also compares the children's exposure levels generated by such technology with those of an adult investigated in our previous study. The exposure scenario consisted of a 3D-CAD model of a vehicle equipped with two vehicular antennas operating at 5.9 GHz, each fed with 1 W power. Four child models were analyzed near the front and back of the car. The RF-EMF exposure levels were expressed as the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) calculated over the whole body and 10 g mass (SAR10g) of the skin and 1 g mass (SAR1g) of the eyes. The maximum SAR10g value of 9 mW/kg was found in the skin of the head of the tallest child. The maximum whole-body SAR was 0.18 mW/kg and was found in the tallest child. As a general result, it was found that children's exposure levels are lower than those of adults. All the SAR values are well below the limits recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) in the general population.

What Makes Children's Responses to Creativity Assessments Difficult to Judge Reliably?

ABSTRACTOpen‐ended verbal creativity assessments are commonly administered in psychological research and in educational practice to elementary‐aged children. Children's responses are then typically rated by teams of judges who are trained to identify original ideas, hopefully with a degree of inter‐rater agreement. Even in cases where the judges are reliable, some residual disagreement on the originality of the responses is inevitable. Here, we modeled the predictors of inter‐rater disagreement in a large (i.e., 387 elementary school students and 10,449 individual item responses) dataset of children's creativity assessment responses. Our five trained judges rated the responses with a high degree of consistency reliability (α = 0.844), but we undertook this study to predict the residual disagreement. We used an adaptive LASSO model to predict 72% of the variance in our judges' residual disagreement and found that there were certain types of responses on which our judges tended to disagree more. The main effects in our model showed that responses that were less original, more elaborate, prompted by a Uses task, from younger children, or from male students, were all more difficult for the judges to rate reliably. Among the interaction effects, we found that our judges were also more likely to disagree on highly original responses from Gifted/Talented students, responses from Latinx students who were identified as English Language Learners, or responses from Asian students who took a lot of time on the task. Given that human judgments such as these are currently being used to train artificial intelligence systems to rate responses to creativity assessments, we believe understanding their nuances is important.

Effects of behavior inhibition on stuttering severity and adverse consequences of stuttering in 3–6-year-old children who stutter

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether 3- to-6-year-old children who stutter and exhibit a higher degree of behavioral inhibition (BI), a correlate of shyness, stutter more frequently and experience greater negative consequences of stuttering (per parent-report) than their peers who stutter but have lower BI. MethodForty-six children who stutter (CWS; 35 boys & 11 girls; mean age 4 years, 2 months) participated. Their degree of BI was assessed by measuring the latency to their 6th spontaneous comment during a conversation with an unfamiliar examiner (following Kagan, Reznick, & Gibbons's (1989) methodology). The frequency of stuttering and the negative impact of stuttering that CWS may have experienced was assessed using parent reports (i.e., Test of Childhood Stuttering (TOCS) Observational Rating Scale; Gillam, Logan, & Pearson, 2009). ResultsWe found that children's degree of BI was not associated with their speech fluency per parent report. However, children's degree of BI was significantly associated with greater negative consequences of stuttering. Specifically, among the four categories of TOCS Disfluency-Related Consequences, children's BI significantly predicted the occurrence of physical behaviors that accompany moments of stuttering (such as increased tension or excessive eye blinks). Other Disfluency-Related Consequences, such as avoidance behaviors, negative feelings, and negative social consequences, were not associated with children's behavioral inhibition tendencies. Additionally, children's stuttering severity (per the Stuttering Severity Instrument-4 scores) was significantly associated with increased physical behaviors that accompany moments of stuttering and greater negative social consequences of stuttering. ConclusionsThis study provides empirical evidence that behavioral inhibition to the unfamiliar may have salience for childhood stuttering as it predicted the development of physical behaviors associated with stuttering (e.g., tension or struggle) in 3- to 6-year-old CWS. Clinical implications of high BI for the assessment and treatment of childhood stuttering are discussed.

Nhaltjan dhu ḻarrum ga dharaŋan dhuḏi-dhäwuw ŋunhi limurr dhu gumurrbunanhamirr ga waŋanhamirr, Yolŋu ga Balanda: how we come together to explore and understand the deeper story of intercultural communication in a Yolŋu (First Nations Australian) community

This study explored intercultural communication from the perspectives of partners from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds. We used a culturally responsive form of video-reflexive ethnography to study intercultural communication processes between Yolŋu, pronounced Yolngu (First Nations people from the region that is now called North-East Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia) and Balanda (non-Indigenous people). Yolŋu and Balanda researchers worked collaboratively throughout the study (2017–2021). In a very remote Yolŋu community in northern Australia, five early childhood assessment interactions were recorded and analysed by the 40 Yolŋu and Balanda participants. Researchers analysed data collaboratively using an approach aligned with constructivist grounded theory. We connected key research findings about intercultural communication processes to a place-based metaphor which foregrounds Yolŋu cultural knowledge and encourages reflection on deeper ways of thinking about how we connect, collaborate and communicate interculturally.

Parent Gender and Assessment of Children's Health.

Caregiver-reported data on children's health are typically provided by mothers. We investigated whether measures of children's health would significantly differ between mother and father respondents to a nationally representative survey. This study used de-identified data on children age 0 to 17 years from the 2016-2019 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH). The primary exposure was whether the survey was completed by the child's father (cases) or mother (controls). Outcome variables included general health, special health care needs (SHCN), and unmet health care needs. We identified 85 191 children meeting inclusion criteria, of whom 35.1% had a father respondent. After propensity score matching, 27 738 children with a father respondent were matched to an equal size group of children with a mother respondent. On conditional logistic regression analysis of the matched sample, we found that poor health, SHCN, and unmet health care needs were less likely to be reported for children in the sample by father respondents.

Analysis of research trends related to early childhood assessment and search for direction

본 연구는 유아평가 관련 연구 동향을 분석함으로써, 바람직한 유아평가를 위한 개념 형성과 지원방안 모색에 필요한 기초자료이자, 교사의 평가를 돕는 현장지원 자료를 제공한다. 이에 2012년~2021년에 국내 학술지에 게재된 53편의 논문을 대상으로 선정하였으며, 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유아평가 관련 연구 동향을 양적인 측면에서 분석한 결과, 다양한 대상이 포함된 여러 유형과 내용의 연구가 꾸준히 진행되어 온 것으로 보아, 유아평가의 필요성과 가치가 꾸준히 인정되어 왔음이 확인되었다. 둘째, 유아평가 관련 연구 동향을 질적인 측면에서 분석한 결과, ‘제3세대 평가로의 입문기’, ‘교사재교육 및 직전교육의 정체기’, ‘다양한 유아평가 방법으로의 전환기’로 세 가지 특징을 도출하였다. 셋째, 유아평가가 추구해야 할 방향성을 모색한 결과, ‘교육공동체의 다각적 접근을 통한 평가 참여’, ‘교육대상의 니즈(needs)를 반영한 교육을 통한 평가 지원’, ‘다양한 방법의 평가사례를 소개하는 연구’로 세 가지 방향성을 모색하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 앞으로 지속되어야 할 관련 연구의 필요성 및 유아평가가 추구해야 할 지향점을 제시하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

Modern Aspects of Exercise Tolerance Assessment in Children with Post-COVID Syndrome, Pneumonia, and Obesity

An important and understudied problem is the state of health of children and adolescents who have experienced acute respiratory diseases or suffer from chronic diseases. Suffering from COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 syndrome, pneumonia are complex pathological conditions that significantly affect the functional capabilities of the child’s body and quality of life. Obesity, which is also an important medical and social problem, has no less impact on health. The purpose of the work is to summarize the data from the literature about the value of exercise tests in children with postcovid syndrome, after pneumonia of various etiologies, and obesity; modern aspects for assessing exercise tolerance. It is worth noting that nowadays screening programs for examining the health of children, aimed at prevention and early detection of pathological changes, play an important role. One of these methods of diagnosis, which makes it possible to determine and comprehensively analyze the body’s functional capabilities, is the assessment of exercise tolerance. The diagnostic value of analyzing the tolerance level lies in assessing the impact of various pathological conditions on the child’s health, and quality of life. The obtained results can be used to develop rehabilitation measures to eliminate the symptoms of acute diseases and improve the quality ofi fle. Tests with dosed physical exertion are used to assess exercise tolerance. The «gold standard» of the technique is cardiopulmonary exercise testing. However, world tolerance assessment guidelines include the use of other types of tests, such as office and field tests. The «gold standard» for assessing tolerance is the determination of the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), which characterizes the maximum amount of oxygen that is absorbed and used by the body during intense physical exertion involving a large possible part of the muscles. Also, during exercise tests, heart rate, blood pressure, and electrocardiogram recording are monitored, which creates significant diagnostic search opportunities for the pediatrician.

Dietary Behavior Assessments in Children—A Mixed-Method Research Exploring the Perspective of Pediatric Dieticians on Innovative Technologies

BackgroundAssessing dietary intake and eating behavior in children is challenging, owing to children’s undeveloped food knowledge and perception of portion sizes. Additionally, caregivers cannot always provide complete surrogate information. Consequently, validated dietary behavior assessment methods for children are limited, but technological innovations offer opportunities for the development of new tools. One of the first steps in the developmental process of a newly developed pediatric dietary assessment tool includes an alignment of the needs and preferences of pediatric dieticians (PDs) as potential users. ObjectivesTo explore opinions of Dutch PDs about traditional dietary behavior assessment methods for children and potential technological innovations to replace or support traditional methods. MethodsTen PDs participated in semistructured interviews (total of 7.5 h) based on 2 theoretical frameworks, and data saturation was reached after the seventh interview. Interview transcripts were inductively coded in an iterative process, and overarching themes and domains were identified. Interview data were then used as input for an extensive online survey completed by 31 PDs who were not involved in the initial interview rounds. ResultsPDs discussed their perspective on dietary behavior assessments in 4 domains: traditional methods, technological methods, future methods, and external influences on these methods. Generally, PDs felt that traditional methods supported them in reaching their desired goals. However, the time needed to obtain a comprehensive overview of dietary intake behavior and the reliability of conventional methods were mentioned as limitations. For future technologies, PDs mention the ease of use and engaging in children as opportunities. ConclusionsPDs have a positive attitude toward the use of technology for dietary behavior assessments. Further development of assessment technologies should be tailored to the needs of children in different care situations and age categories to increase its usability among children, their caregivers, and dietician.

I Would Like to Do It Very Much! Leisure Participation Patterns and Determinants of Brazilian Children and Adolescents With Physical Disabilities.

To describe the patterns, preferences, and predictors of participation in leisure activities of children and young people with physical disabilities from Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study that included 50 children/young people with physical disabilities from the southeast of Brazil. The children were assessed using the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment and Preferences for Activities. Children/young people participated in an average of 38% of the activities, with a greater number and frequency of informal, recreational, social, and self-improvement activities. The average frequency of participation in the activities was twice in the previous 4 months. The enjoyment in the participated activities was high. There was a greater preference for recreational, social, and physical activities. Age and functional classification were predictors of participation. This study of children with disabilities from the southeast of Brazil supports studies in other low- and middle-income countries, demonstrating low diversity and intensity of participation in leisure activities, but with high levels of enjoyment.