Aspects Of Psychological Well-being Research Articles

Some Predictors of Perceived Support and Proximity in Students during COVID-19 Distance Learning

The results of the rare studies on the psychosocial aspects of distance education in the first wave of the epidemic showed the negative consequences of such education on various aspects of psychological well-being and mental health among primary, secondary school and university students. Significant deterioration in psychosocial well-being was also found in studies of university students, who reported increased stress, anxiety, feelings of loneliness, and depression as a result of reduced social networks, lack of interactions, and less emotional support from peers and friends (Elmer et al., 2020;Eving et al., 2021). Studies show a positive relationship between teacher support and learning skills (Patrick et al., 2007), intrinsic motivation (Ryan et al., 1994), and, by encouraging student involvement, student achievement (Klem & Connell, 2004). In distance education, students are required to regulate their own learning and maintain motivation to achieve learning objectives, which they are often unable to do (Fryer & Bovee, 2016). [...]in order to achieve the learning objectives, the teacher's support is needed more than in regular classes in school.

Cognitive and non-cognitive variables influencing age-related effect of mind wandering across the adult life span

This study aimed to assess the effects of aging on mind wandering (MW) using a sustained attention to response task (SART) with a low cognitive demand. All task-unrelated thoughts (TUTs) and the subcategory of stimulus-independent thoughts (SITUTs) were examined across the adult life span. The relationship between MW, cognitive variables (attention, inhibition, working memory), and non-cognitive variables (mindfulness, psychological well-being, and anxiety) was investigated. The sample included 210 healthy participants from 20 to 89 years old. The overall results showed few or no age-related changes in both TUTs and SITUTs. Path analyses revealed that the effect of age on both TUTs and SITUTs was only indirect and mediated by attentional resources, as well as by some aspects of psychological well-being (i.e., emotional competence), which had a direct effect, however. These findings raise doubts about any age-related differences between young and older adults’ MW. Changes in MW across the adult life span are thus discussed along with the method and tasks used to assess it and different variables affecting it.

Identifying associations between dental arch relationship scores, relative deprivation and other cleft audit outcomes. Part 1.

To assess whether dental arch relationship scores are associated with speech, audiological and psychology outcomes in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP). One hundred 5-year-old children with non-syndromic complete UCLP and forty-two 5-year-olds with non-syndromic complete BCLP from the United Kingdom. Data were collected from five-year audit clinics for dental arch relationships, speech, hearing and psychology outcomes. Associations were assessed between ordinal prognostic covariates and the dental arch relationship outcome using a Cochrane-Armitage test for trend and comparisons with binary prognostic covariates using chi-square/Fisher's exact test. This was extended to assess associations between five-year audit outcomes and a measure of deprivation. There was no evidence of associations between dental arch relationships and outcomes for audiology and speech. Individual domain analysis of the psychology outcomes within the UCLP cohort reported a poor outcome for Pro-social score to be associated with a poor 5-year-old index score (P=.018). For the BCLP sample, a good outcome for the BCLP Deciduous Dentition Yardstick was associated with a good conduct score (P=.01). There was no association with the 5-year-old index/BCLP Deciduous Dentition Yardstick score and outcomes reported for audiology and speech. For the UCLP and BCLP cohorts, a poor dental arch relationship outcome may be associated with issues with some aspects of psychological well-being, associated with peer interactions and conduct. The deprivation index of samples had no association with the outcomes assessed.

Self-rated physical attractiveness and its relation to psychological well-being across adolescence

ABSTRACT The goal of the current analyses was to explore associations of self-rated physical attractiveness with facets of psychological well-being across adolescence. Participants provided information on their perceived physical attractiveness, internalized distress, suicidal ideation, and self-harm at 15, 17 and 20 years of age. Male adolescents repeatedly provided higher ratings of their own physical attractiveness in comparison to female peers. Self-perceived physical attractiveness was negatively associated with internalized distress in 15- to 20-year-old girls. In boys this association reached statistical significance only at the ages of 17 and 20 years. Statistically significant relations between suicidal ideation, self-harm and physical attractiveness resulted in girls only. Findings suggest small but stable relationships between self-rated physical attractiveness and facets of psychological well-being between 15 and 20 years – particularly in girls. Results underline the importance of self-perceived attractiveness in relation to mental health across adolescence.

Determinants of burnout and other aspects of psychological well-being in healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic: A multinational cross-sectional study.

The Covid-19 pandemic has placed unprecedented pressure on healthcare systems and workers around the world. Such pressures may impact on working conditions, psychological wellbeing and perception of safety. In spite of this, no study has assessed the relationship between safety attitudes and psychological outcomes. Moreover, only limited studies have examined the relationship between personal characteristics and psychological outcomes during Covid-19. From 22nd March 2020 to 18th June 2020, healthcare workers from the United Kingdom, Poland, and Singapore were invited to participate using a self-administered questionnaire comprising the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ), Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to evaluate safety culture, burnout and anxiety/depression. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine predictors of burnout, anxiety and depression. Of 3,537 healthcare workers who participated in the study, 2,364 (67%) screened positive for burnout, 701 (20%) for anxiety, and 389 (11%) for depression. Significant predictors of burnout included patient-facing roles: doctor (OR 2.10; 95% CI 1.49–2.95), nurse (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.04–1.84), and ‘other clinical’ (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.45–2.82); being redeployed (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.02–1.58), bottom quartile SAQ score (OR 2.43; 95% CI 1.98–2.99), anxiety (OR 4.87; 95% CI 3.92–6.06) and depression (OR 4.06; 95% CI 3.04–5.42). Significant factors inversely correlated with burnout included being tested for SARS-CoV-2 (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.51–0.82) and top quartile SAQ score (OR 0.30; 95% CI 0.22–0.40). Significant factors associated with anxiety and depression, included burnout, gender, safety attitudes and job role. Our findings demonstrate a significant burden of burnout, anxiety, and depression amongst healthcare workers. A strong association was seen between SARS-CoV-2 testing, safety attitudes, gender, job role, redeployment and psychological state. These findings highlight the importance of targeted support services for at risk groups and proactive SARS-CoV-2 testing of healthcare workers.

Impact of Cybersex and Intensive Internet Use on the Well-Being of Generation Z: An Analysis Based on the EPOCH Model

This study aimed to assess the impact of Internet use on the well-being and health behaviours of Generation Z members by evaluating the associations between the Internet habits (i.e. intensive Internet use and cybersex use), aspects of psychological well-being, and negative emotions of Italian Generation Z members. Study participants comprised 113 Italian youth who were divided into two groups: a cybersex user group (n = 48) and an intensive Internet user group (n = 65). The psychological battery applied was composed of the EPOCH Measure of Adolescent Well-Being and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale test. This initial investigation suggests that there are no significant differences in positive psychological patterns between intensive Internet users and cybersex users. However, this study demonstrated gender differences in their levels of engagement. Overall, women appeared to be more focused on life activities, and men were more active and performance oriented. Despite this, intensive Internet use and cybersex use were not found to be related to emotional fragility. Our findings suggest that cybersex use and intensive Internet use may not necessarily be related to mental health risks; on the contrary, these might even be related to positive psychological patterns.

Integrating the patient voice into pharmacoepidemiology research on the benefits and harms of medication

Patient engagement has traditionally been limited to involving patients in decision-making regarding their healthcare choices. The goal of this paper was to assess patients’ perspectives on how they might be involved as a research partner in the design and implementation of pharmacoepidemiology research studies. Qualitative research methods were used to elicit patient perspectives on their involvement in pharmacoepidemiologic research. A total of 20 patients participated in five focus groups held from April to August 2016. Each focus group represented one of five chronic conditions, namely: human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV)/(AIDS), diabetes, mental health conditions, mild cognitive impairment/Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD)/hypertension. A semi-structured field guide was used to elicit views on drug safety and effectiveness and to identify which aspects of the design and implementation of a research study individuals felt most comfortable contributing to. The discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed following a grounded theory approach to identify the key themes that consequently emerged. For the most part, individuals equated safety with side-effects. There were several dimensions of effectiveness that corresponded with biological, clinical, and psychological aspects of well-being. Most individuals (84%) were comfortable deciding what information should be collected, and 74% felt they could help researchers select target outcomes to study. Fewer (58%) were confident they could advise on selecting comparator drugs. There is a need for training the patient community and for adapting existing patient engagement standards to expand patient involvement in pharmacoepidemiologic research.

ЦІННІСТЬ СВОБОДИ ЯК СВІТОГЛЯДНИЙ ЧИННИК ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОГО БЛАГОПОЛУЧЧЯ

The article is devoted to researching the connections between the values of freedom and life wisdom with psychological well-being. The survey had conducted in the form of a written group survey of respondents. In the research, the following research methods were provided: questionnaire "Value Orientations" by M. Rokych; methods of diagnosing the subjective well-being by R.M. Shamionov, TV Beskova; K. Riff's psychological well-being scale. The results of the research were analyzed by using statistical processing methods. The relationship between the values of freedom and life wisdom with the components and aspects of psychological well-being has been identified. It is determined that the value of freedom is positively correlated with the general level of psychological well-being and contributes to the experience of happiness through the realization of the autonomy, ability to build relevant and meaningful goals in life and a sense of personal growth. The dominance of the value of life wisdom is related to the level of psychological well-being and its components in a negative way. It has been stated that the orientation towards the value of freedom is inversely related to hedonistic well-being, and the dominance of this value does not contribute to the feeling of happiness. On the basis of the conducted research the perspective directions of work directed on preservation of optimum psychological well-being in the conditions of remote activity and recreation have been defined. These areas of work include learning the ability to find a balance between activities and recreation and learning effective forms of recreation through online resources. The role of values of freedom and life wisdom as a worldview factor of well-being was proved, the peculiarities of their interdependence during the pandemic were studied.

Youth Football Players' Psychological Well-Being: The Key Role of Relationships.

Well-being in youth sport is a growing topic in literature. Practicing sports at a youth level is recognized as an important opportunity for growth and development but also an experience that conversely can prove to be tiring and cause discomfort. Sometimes expectations and pressures make it a risky experience. This is emphasized even more when looking at very popular and spectacular sports, such as football in some European Countries; practicing football often solicits the hope of becoming champions one day and thus being able living thanks to the beloved sport. How do young Italian football practitioners feel? What role do relationships with significant others belonging to the world of sport and extra-sport play on the well-being of young athletes? On which specific aspects of psychological well-being (PWB) are these relationships based? Are there any differences between elite and amateurs levels? These are the questions upon which this paper focuses, considering a sample of young Italian football practitioners. Analysis reveals a strong and positive influence of some dimensions of the relationships with significant others on PWB, specifically team effort, coach closeness, and parental learning climate. Moreover, elite players perceive significantly better relationships than sub-elite and amateurs and have significantly higher levels of PWB. Those results provide a first evidence for the importance of good relationships within and outside sport for an effective development of youth football players since they positively influence players’ PWB, which is higher in elite players. It emerges the necessity to further investigate different aspects of PWB and to deepen the knowledge about the meaning of relationship in developmental athletes according to a psychosocial approach.

Tai Chi exercise for psychological well-being among adults with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Regular exercise is beneficial for adults with cardiovascular disease to improve psychological well-being. Tai Chi is a mind-body exercise thought to promote psychological well-being. Examine the efficacy of Tai Chi in improving psychological well-being among persons with cardiovascular disease. An electronic literature search of 10 databases (AMED, CINAHL, Embase, OpenGrey, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) was conducted. Clinical trials that examined one or more aspect of psychological well-being, incorporated a Tai Chi intervention among cardiovascular disease participants, and were published in English or German languages were included. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2.0 software (Biostat, Inc.) was used to calculate the effect sizes (i.e. Hedges' g) and the 95% confidence intervals using random effects models. A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria, enrolling 1853 participants (mean age = 66 years old, 44% women). Outcomes included: quality of life (QOL), stress, anxiety, depression, and psychological distress. When Tai Chi was compared with controls, significantly better general QOL (Hedges' g 0.96; p=0.02, I2=94.99%), mental health QOL (Hedges' g=0.20; p=0.01, I2=15.93) and physical health QOL (Hedges' g=0.40; p=0.00, I2=0%); with less depression (Hedges' g=0.69; p=0.00, I2=86.64%) and psychological distress (Hedges' g=0.58; p=0.00, I2=0%) were found. Few Tai Chi studies have been conducted during the past decade examining psychological well-being among older adults with cardiovascular disease. Further research is needed with more rigorous study designs, adequate Tai Chi exercise doses, and carefully chosen outcome measures that assess the mechanisms as well as the effects of Tai Chi.

Relationship Between Trait Mindfulness and Sleep Quality in College Students: A Conditional Process Model.

Sleep quality can affect the physical and mental health, as well as the personal development of college students. Mindfulness practices are known to ameliorate sleep disorder and improve sleep quality. Trait mindfulness, an innate capacity often enhanced by mindfulness training, has been shown to relate to better sleep quality and different aspects of psychological well-being. However, how individual difference factors such as trait mindfulness relate to sleep quality remains largely unclear, which limits the optimization and further application of mindfulness-based intervention schemes targeting the improvement of sleep quality. In this study, we aimed to investigate how negative emotions and neuroticism may influence the relationship between trait mindfulness and sleep quality. A conditional process model was built to examine these relationships in 1,423 Chinese young adults. Specifically, the conditional process model was constructed with trait mindfulness as the independent variable, sleep quality as the dependent variable, negative emotions as the mediating variable, and neuroticism as the moderating variable. Our results showed that negative emotions mediated the link between mindfulness and sleep quality and that neuroticism had a moderating effect on the relationship between mindfulness and sleep quality. Together, these findings suggested a potential mechanism of how trait mindfulness influences sleep quality, provided a therapeutic target for which mindfulness-based interventions may act upon to improve sleep quality, and offered a basis for prediction of different intervention effects among individuals.

Mean Levels and Variability in Psychological Well-Being and Associations With Sleep in Midlife and Older Women.

Disturbed sleep is prevalent in older adulthood and particularly among women. Greater psychological well-being (PWB) is associated with better sleep, but intraindividual variability in PWB has not been examined. The current study examined whether mean levels and variability in PWB were associated with sleep disturbances in midlife and older women. Participants (N = 189) completed up to seven daily diaries and an end of the week assessment every 3 months for nine waves. Participants answered questions about their nightly sleep disturbances and reported their PWB using Ryff's six dimensions of PWB. Regression models indicated that greater variability in one aspect of PWB, positive relations with others, was related to greater sleep disturbance even after adjusting for mean levels of well-being. Greater variability in environmental mastery, purpose in life, and self-acceptance were also associated with sleep disturbance, but these associations were no longer significant after adjusting for mean levels of well-being. Results suggest that fluctuations in positive relations with others are related to sleep in adult women above and beyond mean levels of well-being. Results highlight the importance of considering variability in addition to mean levels of PWB.

A High Polyphenol Diet Improves Psychological Well-Being: The Polyphenol Intervention Trial (PPhIT).

Mental ill health is currently one of the leading causes of disease burden worldwide. A growing body of data has emerged supporting the role of diet, especially polyphenols, which have anxiolytic and antidepressant-like properties. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of a high polyphenol diet (HPD) compared to a low polyphenol diet (LPD) on aspects of psychological well-being in the Polyphenol Intervention Trial (PPhIT). Ninety-nine mildly hypertensive participants aged 40–65 years were enrolled in a four-week LPD washout period and then randomised to either an LPD or an HPD for eight weeks. Both at baseline and the end of intervention, participants’ lifestyle and psychological well-being were assessed. The participants in the HPD group reported a decrease in depressive symptoms, as assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory-II, and an improvement in physical component and mental health component scores as assessed with 36-Item Short Form Survey. No differences in anxiety, stress, self-esteem or body image perception were observed. In summary, the study findings suggest that the adoption of a polyphenol-rich diet could potentially lead to beneficial effects including a reduction in depressive symptoms and improvements in general mental health status and physical health in hypertensive participants.

Psychological wellbeing in diaspora space: a study of African economic migrants in Hong Kong

ABSTRACT African migrants in Hong Kong and the rest of Greater China are often confronted with numerous social and economic constraints. Notwithstanding, extant studies have not adequately examined how these challenges affect the psychological wellbeing of Hong Kong’s African economic migrants specifically. Using a qualitative research design underpinned by the concept of diaspora space, this article discusses the social aspects of psychological wellbeing among African economic migrants in Hong Kong. Specifically, it shows how the attitudes of local Hong Kongers (本地人) towards African economic migrants affect the psychological distress of the African migrants. The locals' attitudes influenced the Africans' psychological distress in three non-exclusive ways, namely confusion of personal and social identity (identity as black people); perceived discrimination; and difficulty in forming lasting relationships with the locals. The findings are discussed within the broader discourse of diasporic migration and wellbeing.

Examining Cross-Cultural Relationships Between Meaning in Life and Psychological Well-Being in Turkey and the United States

This study explored the extent to which meaning in life (i.e., presence and search) relates to different aspects of psychological well-being in American and Turkish students. It also assessed whether presence of meaning moderated the relationship between search for meaning and psychological well-being. American (N =377) and Turkish (N =225) undergraduates completed demographics and self-report measures. Simple and moderated moderation analyses were conducted. In both samples, presence and search were negatively associated. In addition, presence of meaning was positively associated with measures of psychological well-being, while search was negatively associated. Presence of meaning buffered the relationship between search for meaning and psychological well-being, but only in the Turkish sample. American and Turkish undergraduates may typically search for meaning when presence of meaning is low. Presence of meaning appears to be adaptive across these two cultures, whereas search for meaning appears to be culturally-specific and may produce differential effects on psychological well-being.

ПЕРЕКОНАННЯ ОСОБИСТОСТІ ЯК СВІТОГЛЯДНИЙ ЧИННИК ЇЇ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОГО БЛАГОПОЛУЧЧЯ

The article is devoted to researching the connections between aspects of psychological well-being and personal beliefs in the context of limitations in social functioning during a pandemic. The survey had conducted in the form of a written group survey of respondents. In the research, the following research methods were provided: R. Yanov-Bulman Basic Belief Scale; methods of diagnosing the individual’s subjective well-being [11]. The results of the research were analyzed by using statistical processing methods. The peculiarities of the connections between the aspects of well-being and personal beliefs were revealed. The presence of a person’s belief in the benevolence and justice of the world is mostly due to the experience of emotional and existential well-being. The belief in the goodness of people and the value of one’s own «self» in the structure of personal beliefs is associated mainly with a higher level of ego-well-being. It was proved that the general level of psychological well-being depends on beliefs: in commitment to the world, justice of the world, the kindness of people, and values of «self». The study made it possible to establish that the features of various aspects of psychological well-being and beliefs in the period of social constraints caused by the pandemic COVID-19. Higher indicators of existential-activity well-being and ego-well-being had the persons who noted the absence of deterioration of the social functioning during the pandemic. Also, among persons who did not experience a deterioration in social functioning during the quarantine period, higher rates of belief in the world’s justice and the value of one’s own «self» were found. Thus, the role of basic beliefs as a worldview factor of well-being was proved, the peculiarities of their interdependence during the pandemic were studied. Empirical evidence has established the relationship between beliefs in the commitment and justice of the world, people’s kindness, and the value of the «self» with various aspects of well-being.

Positive, not negative, self-compassion mediates the relationship between self-esteem and well-being.

The study examined the predictive strengths of self-esteem, and positive and negative self-compassion for hedonic and eudaimonic well-being as well as assessed the relative mediating roles of positive and negative self-compassion for the relationships among self-esteem, and hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. A correlational design was employed through which self-esteem, self-compassion, and hedonic and eudaimonic well-being were measured. One hundred thirty-four male (M=25.11, SD=1.66) and 138 female (M=21.89, SD=1.87) participants were chosen by a convenient sampling. The findings evinced that there were significant positive correlations among self-esteem, positive self-compassion, and hedonic and eudaimonic well-being while negative self-compassion exhibited small positive correlations with both the well-being measures (criterion). The regression analyses showed that self-esteem and positive self-compassion reflected significant predictive strengths for hedonic as well as eudaimonic well-being while negative self-compassion did not. This was also true for the social and psychological aspects of well-being. The β values reflected that positive self-compassion did show a higher contribution for both the well-being measures as compared to self-esteem. The findings evinced that positive, not negative, self-compassion mediated the relationship between self-esteem and hedonic well-being as well as self-esteem and eudaimonic well-being. Moreover, self-esteem and self-compassion have predictive strengths for both kinds of well-being. The findings showed the relevance of self-esteem and self-compassion to underscore well-being. The implications and directions for future researchers have been discussed. Contrary to the earlier findings suggesting self-esteem and self-compassion carrying relevance to explicate performance and well-being of people with individualistic and collectivistic cultures, respectively, the findings of this study suggest both the constructs to be useful to understand the well-being of people with both the values belonging especially to the fast-changing societies like India. The study also suggests reconceptualization and empirical verification of self-compassion that will make it more effective for enhancing and promoting interventions for positive life outcomes.

The Relationship among Cognition, Psychological Well-being, Physical Activity and Demographic Data in People over 80 Years of Age

ABSTRACTObjectives: It is the main goal of this study to investigate the relationships between physical abilities, cognitive abilities and the aspects of psychological well-being in people aged 80 or older. In contrast to other studies, we focus on the executive functions and mental rotation while investigating cognitive performance; this is because it is well known in the literature investigating younger participants that these functions relate to some kind of motor or physical activity.Methods: 41 independently living persons over 80 years were enrolled. Physical activities (German Physical Activity Questionnaire 50+), balance (One leg stand), psychological well-being (Resilience, General depressions scale), cognitive abilities (Flanker task, Mental rotation, Number connection test) as well as the influence of gender and education status were analyzed.Results: Higher physical activity correlates with higher resilience. Persons with higher education and men show better values on the depression scale. Better mental rotation ability could be detected in persons with higher education.Discussion: This first experimental study with people only over 80 years demonstrates the importance of education and physical activity for different aspects of psychological well-being. Due to the aim of investigating participants only over 80 years living independently the sample size is small so the study should be further enlarged.

Culture Change and Eating Patterns: A Study of Georgian Women.

Introduction: Immigration and culture change have been thought to affect various aspects of psychological well-being, including eating behaviors. This study aimed to examine the association between immigration, acculturation strategies and eating patterns. Materials and Methods: Acculturation was conceptualized and measured by acculturation strategies of integration (maintaining original culture and adopting the new culture), assimilation (adopting the new culture and leaving behind the old), separation (sticking with the original culture only) and marginalization (maintaining/adopting neither culture). Eating patterns were conceptualized by dietary restriction, eating concern, shape concern, and weight concern. Links between demographic variables, acculturation strategies, and eating patterns were also examined. Five hundred and six Georgian women took part in the study: 253 living abroad (UK and USA) and 253 living in Georgia. Measures included East Asian Acculturation Measure (EAAM) for acculturation strategies (assimilation, integration, separation, and marginalization subscales) and Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDEQ) for eating patterns (dietary restriction, eating concern, weight concern, shape concern subscales, and global score). Relevant demographic variables and Body Mass Index (BMI) were recorded. Results: Comparisons of immigrant and nonimmigrant groups using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) with BMI as a covariate found a difference in dietary restriction only, with immigrants yielding higher mean score than non-immigrants. The global EDEQ scores of immigrant and nonimmigrant groups were almost identical though. Correlations between separation and marginalization and four EDEQ scores were statistically significant and positive, while correlations between integration and two EDEQ subscales were marginally significant and negative. Regression analysis showed that separation and marginalization strategies of acculturation were significantly linked with EDEQ eating concern, shape concern, weight concern, and global scores thereby representing predictors of elevated eating outcomes. Discussion: Findings suggested that moving to Western countries increased dietary restriction among Georgian women. Furthermore, while living abroad, the lack of integration in a host culture, as a common denominator of separation and marginalization strategies of acculturation, may predict elevated eating, shape, and weight concerns among women relocated over six years ago. Acculturation conditions may also be linked with integration or well-being outcomes.

When Self-Worth Depends on Social Media Feedback: Associations with Psychological Well-Being

Social media have become primary forms of social communication and means to maintain social connections among young adult women. Although social connectedness generally has a positive impact on psychological well-being, frequent social media use has been associated with poorer psychological well-being. Individual differences may be due to whether women derive their self-worth from feedback on social media. The associations between reasons for social media use, whether self-worth was dependent on social media feedback, and four aspects of psychological well-being (including stress, depressive symptoms, resilience, and self-kindness) were assessed among 164 U.S. undergraduate women who completed an online questionnaire. Results indicated that having one’s self-worth dependent on social media feedback was associated with using social media for status-seeking. Women whose self-worth was dependent on social media feedback reported lower levels of resilience and self-kindness and higher levels of stress and depressive symptoms. Additionally, women whose self-worth was highly dependent on social media feedback and who were seeking social status in their online interactions reported higher levels of stress. The present findings suggest that women whose self-worth is dependent on social media feedback are at higher risk for poorer psychological well-being, which has implications for practice and policy regarding women’s mental health.