Aspects Of Pollution Control Research Articles

Big data-driven carbon emission traceability list and characteristics of ships in maritime transportation-a case study of Tianjin Port.

As China's shipping industry continues to develop, ship emissions have become a significant source of pollutants. Consequently, it has become imperative to comprehend accurately the nature and attributes of ship pollutant emissions and understand their causation and effect as a crucial aspect of pollution control and legislation. This paper employs high-precision automatic identification system (AIS) dynamic and static data, along with pollutant emission parameters, to estimate the pollutant emissions from a ship's main engine, auxiliary engine, and boiler using a dynamic approach. Additionally, the study considers the sailing state and trajectory of the vessel and analyzes the characteristics of ship carbon emissions. Taking Tianjin Port as an example, this study conducts a multi-dimensional analysis of pollutant emissions to gain insight into the causation and effect of pollutants based on the collected big AIS data. The results show that the pollutant emissions in this region are mainly concentrated in the vicinity of Tianjin Port land port area, Dagusha Channel, and the Main Shipping Channel of Tianjin Xingang Fairway. Carbon emissions peak in September and are lower in June and December. Through accurate analysis of pollutant emission sources and emission characteristics in the region, this paper establishes the regular relationship between pollutant emissions and possible influencing factors and provides data support for China to formulate accurate pollutant emission reduction policies and regulate ship construction technology and carbon trading.

The drilling solution components’ impact on the environment and directions of its reduction

The problem of the oil wells operation influence on the environmental ecological state is considered. The technical and biological aspects of the impact of drilling solution components used in the process of oil production on the biotic and abiotic environment are analyzed. The methods of preserving the cleanliness of reservoirs and soil during the wells operations and preventing pollutants from entering the environment are described. Possible effects of the toxic compounds of the drilling fluid on living organisms, in particular plants, have been identified. The components of drilling fluids of different types are characterized by different levels of environmental hazard. The lowest level of threat to environmental safety is inherent in the clay type of solution, and the polymer-potassium solution is characterized by the highest potentially dangerous impact on the biota. Despite belonging to the third class of moderately hazardous substances, sodium salts, calcium and chlorides, as components of drilling fluids, have the highest destructive effects on the environment. Soil salinization has the most detrimental effect on plants, as it breaks the osmotic equilibrium in the soil-plant system, disrupts the transport of organogenic elements throughout the plant, and reduces the availability of moisture and minerals. Increasing soil pH due to the ingress of calcium and sodium hydroxides as components of drilling fluids adversely affects plant growth and development. Stability of some groups of plants to the influence of components of drilling fluids and ability of phytoobjects to resist stress influence are noted. Halophytes are well adapted to the growth in conditions of excessive soil salinization due to the specific metabolic and structural features of the organization. Low oil content in drilling fluids can be released into the environment and, when accumulated in the aquatic and soil environments, lead to a number of destructive processes in living systems. Plants sensitive to oil pollution respond by reducing growth processes, increasing catabolic processes, and reducing assimilation function. In order to minimize the negative impact of chemicals on the environment of oil production territories, it is necessary to apply a comprehensive approach that combines the technical aspects of pollution control with effective biological methods. The urgent task of modern environmental science is to search for oil-resistant plant species that are effectively capable of converting toxic petroleum products to biota-safe compounds. Technological recommendations for the prevention of environmental pollution by drilling fluids are proposed, as well as phytorecultivation methods for controlling already polluted ecosystems.

Analysis of pollution control on the construction of garden green space in petrochemical enterprises

According to the production characteristics of petrochemical enterprises, this paper puts forward the control ability and the reduction ability of the environmental pollution of the plant area. It is the important goal of the construction of the garden green space for the petrochemical enterprise. It is also the key content of the research on the construction plan of the petrochemical enterprise garden green space. The latest plant ecological restoration theory and related technology are the direction for the aspects of pollution control, water pollution control, soil pollution control and air pollution and noise pollution control. The use of plants combined with the engineering design examples.

The realistic dilemma of environmental interest subject of legal responsibility—Based on the perspective of law and economics

As the important environmental interests subject, enterprises, public and government should assume the corresponding responsibility of pollution control and environmental protection. However, in the aspect of environment, there are failure existing in performing government responsibility, the financial expense and investment our government has participated in the aspects of pollution control and environmental protection are serious insufficient. In the meantime, in spite of the clear definition of the range and principles of enterprises’ environmental responsibility according to some corresponding law documents, in view of our country’s condition, enterprises always fail to assume their own environmental responsibility, and there are cases existing in pollution control and environmental protection that the investment is insufficient and the treatment effect is not obvious. In addition, it is especially outstanding in our country that the awareness of public environmental rights is pretty weak. The issues of ecological damage and environmental pollution get worse and worse and the total environmental interests get injured seriously because of the failure and vacancy of environmental responsibility of different subjects of right.

Sustaining Europe’s seas as coupled social-ecological systems

Mee, L., P. Cooper, A. Kannen, A. J. Gilbert, and T. O'Higgins. 2015. Sustaining Europe’s seas as coupled social-ecological systems. Ecology and Society 20(1): 1. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-07143-200101

Dispersion Characteristics of Settleable and Dissolvable Pollutants in Waste Stabilization Ponds

Determination of the dispersion number or dispersion coefficient of a pollutant in a receiving stream or a treatment plant is a very important aspect of pollution control. A model describing the relationship between the dispersion number of a settleable solid (d 2 ) and that of a dissolvable tracer (d 1 ) was presented and verified with data collected from a laboratory channel. The model predicted results closer to experimental data than the existing model. The method applied in this research allows for in-situ determination of a pollutant settling velocity more realistically than both stokes equation and quiescent settling analysis. It was shown that using a dissolvable tracer instead of a setteable solid could lead to error. The implication of this in waste stabilization pond design was also discussed. Keywords : Dispersion, settleable pollutants, waste stabilization ponds.

Water quality functioning of lowland permeable catchments: inferences from an intensive study of the RIVER KENNEt and upper River Thames.

This paper brings together information on the water quality functioning of the River Kennet and other parts of the upper River Thames in the south east of England. The Kennet represents a groundwater fed riverine environment impacted by agricultural and sewage sources of nutrient pollution. Descriptions of the general water quality of the area, nutrient sources, sinks and within river processes are provided together with biological responses to driving issues of agriculture, sewage treatment and climatic change. Models are developed and applied to assess the key processes involved for a highly dynamic system and to provide initial estimates of the likely responses to environmental change. Furthermore, the economic aspects of pollution control are reviewed, together with legislation issues, which are presented within the context of a landmark case known as the 'Axford Inquiry', the implications of which extend to regional and national dimensions. The paper concludes with a discussion on the present state of knowledge, key issues and future research on the science and management of groundwater fed nutrient impacted riverine systems.

Joint Working within Local Government: Air quality as a case-study

Air quality management (AQM) is a process of environmental control that must be embedded within a wide range of policy areas, from local-scale initiatives to international treaties, if it is to be successful. Because of the integrative aspects of AQM, it is imperative that joint working is undertaken within local authorities and other involved parties. Environmental health departments have taken the lead role in AQM as they have traditionally had responsibilities for some other aspects of pollution control. However, AQM requires input from a variety of professionals such as transport planners, land-use planners, economic development officers and Local Agenda 21 (LA21) officers, as well as environmental health professionals. This paper examines the involvement of these professions within the AQM process. Results are presented from a widespread questionnaire survey of urban local authorities in England. In the case of air quality, it is concluded that co-operation between the necessary professions is still at an early stage. Transport planners are more fully engaged with the process than are land-use planners or economic development officers. In order that the joint working process develops appropriately, it is suggested that LA21 officers have an important role in facilitating inter-professional working to support the AQM process.

Spatial aspects of pollution control when pollutants have synergistic effects: Evidence from a differential game with asymmetric information

An asymmetric information differential game is utilized to explore the normative issue: should environmental regulations be carried out locally or centrally? Modeling localities as having superior information, or more leniency to adopt new environmental regulations, results from simulations indicate that local control Pareto dominates central control when enough synergism occurs between pollutants. In contrast to predictions made by those responsible for framing US environmental policy in the 1960s, these findings suggest an expanded future role for local governments in providing environmental protection, particularly in light of Tiebout's (1956) analysis of consumers who “vote with their feet” for their preferred basket of public services. “Practically all the things we've done in the federal government are like things Al Smith did as governor in New York.”–Franklin Roosevelt (Schlesinger, 1960, p. 520)

Short history and present trends of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis

Due to the large volume of existing literature on Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis, the diversity of the subject and the actually reoriented interest, it seemed indicated to write a historical sketch about the process, putting also emphasis on present trends and future options. The matter is complicated and may be regarded from different positions. Thus history and trends have been divided into several lines which are elaborated individually: • The changing environment of demand and supply of fossil energies and the more stringently upcoming aspects of pollution control, of cleanliness of the automotive fuels and of energy saving. • The development of FT-reactors and processes, an area of highest present industrial activity and progress. • Preparation and performance of catalysts with particular concern about cobalt as the base metal. • FT intermediates and elemental reactions, difficult subjects as the FT multistep conversion features on the catalyst surface in the adsorbed state and kinetic principles as selective inhibition and spatial constraints seem to rule the regime. • Kinetic modelling of FT synthesis which has made great progress recently, particularly on the basis of newly provided detailed experimental data. Of course, presenting history and trends of FT synthesis on a few pages means generalising from many individual investigations and developments and also selection of only a few citations. So I want to apologise for all the contributions to science and technology around FT synthesis which I have missed to include into the article.

Pollution prevention on the river tweed: past, present and future

The paper reflects briefly on the historical aspects of pollution control and discusses how the Board has ‘used’ its 40 years. It also discusses its organisational structure, the legislative controls and a selection of the issues it has had to deal with before moving on to the final section of the paper covering the future and the challenges facing the Board's successors, the Scottisch Environment Protection Agency (SEPA).

Standardization of plant protection equipment in the EU: aspects of pollution control1

Within the European standardization process for agricultural machines, the standards dealing with pollution control aspects are the second important field of activity after the standards for safety. Even though there are for the time being no EU directives dealing with pollution control in the way that the Machine Directive (89/392) deals with the safety of agricultural machinery, the relevant standards under preparation will surely become important in a short time. The early start of European standardization in this field has led to harmonization of different national requirements, on the one hand, and makes it possible, on the other hand. that further European legislation can be reduced to essential guidelines. The basic work already done within the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is allowing the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) to make rapid progress in the European context.

International aspects of pollution control

Pollution is a by-product of production, is only gradually dissolved by the environment, and crosses national borders. The market outcome ignores the adverse effects of pollution and thus yields higher levels of output and pollution than would prevail under a supranational social planner which does care about pollution. In practice, governments often do not cooperate and this leads to outcomes of pollution and production in between the market outcomes and the outcomes under supra-national social planning. Absence of precommitment leads to lower emission charges, less cleaning-up activities and more pollution. Appropriate levels of emission charges under the various outcomes are a result of this analysis. Attention is also paid to investment in clean technology. The debate between optimists, who believe that higher production is compatible with sound environmental policy, and pessimists can be analysed in this way.

EPA's viewpoint on lead and cadmium additives for PVC

AbstractIn addition to presenting the nature of the lead and cadmium hazard and environmental control levels, there is presented a philosophy, international in scope, for the meaningful management of EPA's legislated responsibilities to the citizens of the U.S. The profitable aspects of pollution control and waste recycling are discussed as exciting alternatives to the nonproductive character of compliance with regulations.

Microbiological Aspects of Pollution Control. VonR. K. Dart undR. J. Stretton. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam-Oxford-New York 1977. 1. Aufl., VI, 215 S., geb. Dfl. 85.—

Angewandte ChemieVolume 90, Issue 11 p. 924-925 Neue Bücher Microbiological Aspects of Pollution Control. Von R. K. Dart und R. J. Stretton. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam-Oxford-New York 1977. 1. Aufl., VI, 215 S., geb. Dfl. 85.— Franz Lingens, Franz LingensSearch for more papers by this author Franz Lingens, Franz LingensSearch for more papers by this author First published: November 1978 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.19780901138AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionAdd to favorites ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume90, Issue11November 1978Pages 924-925 This is the German version of Angewandte Chemie. Note for articles published since 1962: Do not cite this version alone. Take me to the International Edition version with citable page numbers, DOI, and citation export. We apologize for the inconvenience. RelatedInformation

Book Review: Microbiological Aspects of Pollution Control. By R. K. Dart and R. J. Stretton

Book Review: Microbiological Aspects of Pollution Control. By R. K. Dart and R. J. Stretton

Some political aspects of pollution control

In this paper some principles of optimal control theory are applied to an examination of the possible differences that political and economic decisions making may have in the area of pollution control. The main points are that (1) Pollution Control Boards (PCB's) may behave as though they place weights on control and benefit functions that differ from market determined weights, (2) divergencies between political and market weights impose welfar; losses, and (3) given that PCB's may be succeeded by another board the current PCB may adapt its behavior to counteract or enforce the expected future behavior of the new PCB.

Hydraulic aspects of pollution control and water conservation (based on the Proceedings of the 15th Congress of the IAHR)

Hydraulic aspects of pollution control and water conservation (based on the Proceedings of the 15th Congress of the IAHR)

ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF POLLUTION CONTROL*

Australian Economic PapersVolume 11, Issue 18 p. 32-43 ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF POLLUTION CONTROL* R. M. PARISH, R. M. PARISH University of New EnglandSearch for more papers by this author R. M. PARISH, R. M. PARISH University of New EnglandSearch for more papers by this author First published: June 1972 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8454.1972.tb00186.xCitations: 5 † *Paper presented to the Thirteenth Autumn Forum of the Economic Society of Australia and New Zealand (Victorian Branch), Melbourne, May 11, 1971. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume11, Issue18June 1972Pages 32-43 RelatedInformation

Pollution Control Aspects of the Bay Marchand Fire

Not all of the oil emitted from Platform "B" was consumed by the fire. What oil did escape was largely recovered, and damage to the environment from the unrecovered portion was probably negligible. Here is a description of the various methods used to contain and recover the unburned fraction. Introduction Platform "B" in the Bay Marchand Block 2 field was Platform "B" in the Bay Marchand Block 2 field was set in July, 1969. To accelerate development two rigs were simultaneously drilling on the 12-pile, 36-well slot structure located in 55 ft of water. By Dec., 1970, a single-zone well and 21 dual-zone wells had been completed, one slot had been junked, and the rigs were drilling two additional wells. The completed wells produced about 17,500 bbl of oil and 40 MMcf of gas a day. All producing wells except B-21, a single-zone oil well, had Storm Chokes. For completion purposes, a waiver had been granted by the U. S. Geological Survey for that well. All operations were in full compliance with USGS regulations. The fire began at approximately 9:45 a.m. on Dec. 1, 1970. The platform was immediately evacuated. Sixty men were aboard, including four Shell employees. Four men died and 36 were hospitalized. Almost immediately two decisions were made: - to let the fire burn and kill the out-of-control wells with relief wells to minimize the amount of oil spilled on the water and - to use mobile diversionary systems combining booms and mechanical skimmers to recover oil not consumed by the fire. Equipment to achieve both goals was ordered within hours. This approach was more expensive and time-consuming than extinguishing the fire and capping the wells from the surface. However, it ensured minimal environmental damage from oil spillage. The first drilling rig arrived on Dec. 4. 1970. With the cooperation of other companies who let us use rigs under contract to them, we had five rigs in operation by Dec. 18. Two converted jack-up completion rigs equipped with high-pressure pumping and manifold equipment were brought in for the kill operations. Two spray barges with a combined water output of 14,000 gal/min were used to cool the structure and minimize deterioration of the platform and well tubing and casing. The first well with the largest fire, B-21, was killed on Dec. 30, 1970; this reduced the intensity of the fire by about 40 percent. On April 7, 1971, the tenth and final well killed with a relief well was extinguished The fire from the remaining out-of-control well, B-4, was put out with a water spray and the well was capped. Because of difficulties encountered in achieving communication with it through the relief well, B-4 was brought under control from the surface. Well B-4 was officially dead at 10:14 a.m., April 16, 1971, ending an ordeal that had lasted 136 days and 29 minutes. The pollution control aspects of the fire are described here. The general approach to the entire problem and the engineering considerations in the problem and the engineering considerations in the relief-well program are covered in other papers. Environment Platform "B" stands about 65 miles south of New Platform "B" stands about 65 miles south of New Orleans, in an area of considerable oil and gas activity, both offshore and in the bays. JPT P. 241