Ethnic Aspects Research Articles

The Influence of Diversity on Employee Performance Study Case: PT Tanjung Migas Tanjung Morawa

The purpose of this study aims to explain and analyse the effect of diversity on employee performance at PT Tanjung Migas Tanjung Morawa. The data sources in this study are primary data, namely employees of PT Tanjung Migas Tanjung Morawa and secondary data sources as a reference tool, namely journals and some literature and other documents. The population of this research data is all employees of PT Tanjung Migas Tanjung Morawa, totalling 33 people and sampling using a census. then the data collection method uses a questionnaire with SEM Smart PLS software as a data analysis tool. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between diversity and employee performance. Hopefully PT Tanjung Migas can continue to evaluate in improving the application of Diversity to employees through aspects of ethnicity, gender, age, and religion so as to make employees feel comfortable at work in order to provide satisfactory performance for the company.

Profess-sirs and Profess-hers: gender and ethnicity stereotypes that students associate with scientists

ABSTRACT A common narrative emerges from previous studies suggesting that scientists are most frequently thought of as being old, white men. This stereotype has been assessed in the past using drawing analysis methods but here, an updated approach – a drawing activity followed by a survey was chosen, to remove the need for inference. The purpose of the survey was to understand if the aspects of the scientist-stereotype are still present and impacting school students today and if students’ career prospects are influenced by learning about a diverse range of scientists. Our findings suggest gender and ethnicity aspects of the scientist stereotype are still present but a shift has occurred, away from the old-age associated with a scientist, towards a younger individual. This adaptation suggests that it is possible to influence this stereotype and we propose that further understanding of what caused this change could influence the stereotypical gender and ethnicity too. It was found that learning about a diverse range of scientists is not associated with a school student feeling like they can have a career in STEM, which we hypothesise may be due to the passive nature of this intervention and that a more active intervention method may be needed.

The Problem of Suicide in the Republic of Tajikistan

Suicide is a serious public health problem. Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in the Republic of Tajikistan. This article presents reports on suicide cases in the country, taking into account cultural and ethnic aspects, and suggests preventive approaches to improving the suicidal situation in the Republic of Tajikistan.

Fear of Dementia among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Germany

Introduction: The objective of this study was to clarify the frequency of fear of dementia and the factors associated with it. Methods: Data were taken from a nationally representative sample (n = 4,000; average age was 54.9 years, SD: 8.5 years, age ranges from 40 to 70 years, 49.6% of the respondents were women). Similar to prior research, fear of dementia was quantified using a tool ranging from 1 (no fear of dementia) to 4 (severe fear of dementia). Results: In sum, 19.0% reported no fear of dementia, 34.6% reported a little fear of dementia, 33.8% reported some fear of dementia, and 12.7% reported severe fear of dementia. Regressions showed that greater fear of dementia was significantly associated with being female, being younger, poorer self-rated health, the presence of at least one chronic disease, not living in the same household with a partner or not being in a relationship at all, having depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms. Conclusion: Study findings showed that fear of dementia is particularly associated with health-related factors, age and gender. Lifestyle factors and other socioeconomic factors were only occasionally significant. Future research should explore the reasons for such a higher frequency of people’s fear of dementia. It would also be interesting to find out new factors associated with the fear of dementia. Furthermore, further research could focus on cross-country comparisons and could stratify the results by important groups, e.g., by sex or education, but also cultural and ethnic aspects.

‘As a father, I like to develop and grow’ – fathering and privileges among white, heterosexual & highly educated men in the Netherlands

ABSTRACT In this paper, we analyse the understanding of ‘good’ fathering amongst white, heterosexual, and highly educated men living in the Netherlands with whom we conducted interviews. Their narratives showed that they consider ‘good’ fathering as a constant learning process, in which they put much emphasis on individualism, spending quality time with their children, and jointly discovering the world. To shed light on the structural factors that enable them to make active choices regarding fathering, we use the lens of privilege. While these fathers are privileged in relation to their gender, sexuality, class, education, ability, language, and ethnicity, the aspects of education, class, sexuality, and ethnicity emerged most prominently in the analysis of our data. Earlier research argued that privileges are often invisible to those who benefit from them. However, our data suggests, in line with recent research, that the privileged are sometimes aware of the benefits they profit from. Moreover, we add to the growing body of literature on privileged fathering in Europe by arguing that these fathers’ privileges are not primarily detectable in the advantages they profit from, but rather in the absence of barriers and obstacles they face.

The Impact of Gendered Ageism and Related Intersectional Inequalities on the Health and Well-being of Older Women

Gendered ageism contributes to invisibility and homogenization of older women, harming their health, quality of life and limiting their social participation. Health issues related to aging have received increasing attention in the scientific literature. However, studies on aging that include a gender dimension or ethnic aspects remain scarce. This article presents the results of a systematic review on older women’s health and wellbeing, gender inequalities, age discrimination experienced by older women and their intersections with other forms of discrimination. Between January and February 2023, we conducted a literature review using PRISMA in the Web of Science Core Collection, MEDLINE and SciELO Citation Index. We selected 43 empirical studies from different countries focusing on women over 65 years. The findings show the incidence of discrimination and inequality in health care experienced by older women, ageist attitudes among health care providers and other professionals, experiences of abuse and gender-based violence among older women. Additionally, the study examines the impact of ageism and other forms of discrimination on the health of LGBTQ+ older people, ethnic minorities, older women with disabilities, and other non-traditional groups.

GWAS breakthroughs: mapping the journey from one locus to 393 significant coronary artery disease associations.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) poses a substantial threat to global health, leading to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. It has a significant genetic component that has been studied through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) over the past 17 years. These studies have made progress with larger sample sizes, diverse ancestral backgrounds, and the discovery of multiple genomic regions related to CAD risk. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of CAD GWAS, including information about the genetic makeup of the disease and the importance of ethnic diversity in these studies. We also discuss challenges of identifying causal genes and variants within GWAS loci with a focus on non-coding regions. Additionally, we highlight tissues and cell types relevant to CAD, and discuss clinical implications of GWAS findings including polygenic risk scores, sex-specific differences in CAD genetics, ethnical aspects of personalized interventions, and GWAS guided drug development.

Ethnic aspects of identification and linguistic situation in non-capital cities of Tatarstan

Ethnic aspects of identification and linguistic situation in non-capital cities of Tatarstan

Penanaman Karakter Toleran Melalui Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila (P5)

Intolerance towards aspects of ethnicity, religion, politics, economy, culture, and so on can trigger the vulnerability of national life. The Merdeka Curriculum through the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) is a new strategy in instilling national doctrine. This article analyses the implementation of P5 to strengthen tolerant character through the theme of bhineka tunggal ika and democratic voice, based on the results of field research conducted at SMP Negeri 1 Kandangan and SMPN 2 Temanggung. This research uses a qualitative approach. Data were collected using interviews, observations, FGDs, and documentation studies. Data analysis using interactive descriptive techniques. Research findings: 1) the theme of democratic voice through speeches and debates to develop speaking skills and respect for differences in views and opinions; 2) the theme of bhineka tunggal ika making clippings, stories on the mading, drama narratives and acting out story narratives, and making drama performance videos. P5 is a vehicle for learners to develop various competencies and tolerant characters that are crucial for strengthening the social resilience of society and supporting national integration.

National cultural and religious mythologems in the ethnic image creation in Russian literature of the 19<sup>th</sup> century

The article examines the functional purpose of foreign cultural and religious mythologems in conveying an ethnic image in the Russian literary process of the 19th century. We analyze the reception of the confessional Muslim text in the artistic system of “Travels to Kazan, Vyatka and Orenburg in 1800” by M. Nevzorov who contributes to the description of the Tatar layer of life. Religious archetypal ideas are conveyed by means of religious-mythological codifiers, appearing in such a triad as the muezzin’s call to worship, the mullah’s sermon, the epigraphic inscriptions of tombstones representing the “Word of the Lord” and the prayerful appeal of believers as a confessional text. In the system of literary text, the apperception of a different religious consciousness creates a bright, unique image of Russian “foreign culture” in its dominant manifestations. In the works of P. Kudryashev and T. Belyaev, the ethnic Bashkir realities of life are identified by religious and historical mythologems: the constants of the Koranic paradise, “Sataniel” Dadzhal, “Bashkir people of seven generations” are involved in the interpretation of the events of the Patriotic War of 1812 as an eschatological event in history. In conveying the ethnic aspects of life, A. Herzen and N. Leskov resort to pre-Christian mythologems of the pagan worldview: the national deities of the Mari and Udmurts are found in the creation of the Russian “past” in the article “Votyaki and Cheremis” and the essay “The Past and Thoughts.” In “The Enchanted Wanderer” by N. Leskov, the explication of pagan views on the world conveys the syncretism of the character’s worldview: the mythologems of the old Chuvash faith function in creating the image of the Chuvash on a par with Christian saints.

Ethnic Aspects of the 2022 Hungarian Parliamentary Elections with Special Reference to the Slovene National Minority

Abstract The 2022 parliamentary elections in Hungary offered for the third time an opportunity for national minorities to elect their representative by casting a preferential vote for their Member of Parliament. However, the failure of the list of representatives of the most numerous ethnic group, the Roma, and the ruling of the European Court of Human Rights concerning the violation of multiple elements of the electoral system underscored the need for a comprehensive assessment of hitherto experience and for a reform of the preferential minority mandate and the institution of advocacy. This study aims to contribute to this process by examining the institutional framework and the electoral results, with a particular focus on the analysis of minority-related aspects of the last parliamentary elections and the situation of the Slovene national minority.

Ethnic Aspects of Valproic Acid P-Oxidation.

The safety of the use of psychotropic drugs, widely used in neurological and psychiatric practice, is an urgent problem in personalized medicine. This narrative review demonstrated the variability in allelic frequencies of low-functioning and non-functional single nucleotide variants in genes encoding key isoenzymes of valproic acid P-oxidation in the liver across different ethnic/racial groups. The sensitivity and specificity of pharmacogenetic testing panels for predicting the rate of metabolism of valproic acid by P-oxidation can be increased by prioritizing the inclusion of the most common risk allele characteristic of a particular population (country).

Metaphorical image “star” and its varied conceptual interpretation (based on the material of the Russian and French languages)

The article is devoted to the study of the metaphorical image of a star in Russian and French language pictures of the world. The material for the study was Russian and French fiction, as well as religious texts, in order to identify its various conceptual interpretations. Using the analysis of sources from both cultures, the differences and similarities in the semantics of this metaphorical image are compared and analyzed. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that during the comparative analysis it was discovered that the metaphorical image of a star in different texts is transformed through various concepts (the sphere of physiological state, religious, existential, animate spheres). Such a comparison allows us to more deeply understand the specifics of the formation of metaphorical transference in general in different cultures. The purpose of this study is to study the manifestation and behavior of the metaphorical image of a star in texts of various origins within the framework of a cultural context in the Russian and French languages. The relevance of this work lies in the fact that the study of the rich metaphorical image of a star is significant for understanding cultural, literary and ethnic aspects. This study examines in detail the metaphorical image of "star" and its conceptual interpretation in various cultural contexts. During the analysis, comparative research, corpus analysis method, continuous sampling method, and cognitive analysis are used. Particular attention is paid to the method of comparative study of metaphorical transfers of the image “star” in the Russian and French languages. The research methodology is based on the theory of conceptual metaphor and on the analysis of texts of various origins: religious texts of Orthodox akathists, canons, texts of Russian and French fiction.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease among an Iranian Adult Population with Ethnic and Genetic Diversity: Results of the PolyIran-Liver Study.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a rising global public health concern. It has been demonstrated that its prevalence and characteristics vary by region and racial/ethnicity. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of MAFLD and its characteristics among Turkmen and non-Turkmen ethnic groups in a multiethnic population region of Iran. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed baseline data for 1614 participants, aged above 50 years, from the PolyIran-Liver trial who were randomly selected from Gonabad city and determined the prevalence of MAFLD and its demographic and metabolic disorders for both the Turkmen and non-Turkmen ethnic groups. Multivariate binary logistic regressions were applied to identify MAFLD-associated factors for men and women separately for the Turkmen and non-Turkmen populations. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 59.1(6.7) years. Of the participants, 51.5% (n=831) were men, and 52.9% (n=854) were Turkmen. The prevalence of MAFLD among the overall study population was 39.8% (n=614). It was more common among women (45.8% vs. 34.1% in men, P<0.001), non-Turkmens (43.9% vs. 36.1% in Turkmens, P<0.001), and at age 50-64 (41.5% vs.36.1% in age≥65 P=0.004). The fully adjusted multivariate analysis in sex strata exhibited an independent negative association between Turkmen ethnicity only among men but not among women. The increased waist circumference (WC) was the most common metabolic disorder, observed in more than 95.5% of patients with MAFLD (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis in sex/ethnic strata with adjustment for potential confounders revealed an independent association of MAFLD with increased WC, insulin resistance, impaired fasting glucose/diabetes type 2, and high alanine aminotransferase (ALT) among women in both ethnic groups while with elevated triglyceride (TG) only among Turkmen and high body mass index (BMI) only among non-Turkmen women. Increased WC had the strongest independent association with MAFLD among women and the highest odds ratio (OR) with MAFLD in Turkmen women (OR: 6.10; 95% CI 1.56-23.86 vs. 4.80 in non-Turkmen women). Among men, MAFLD was independently associated with insulin resistance, high BMI, and high ALT in both ethnic groups and elevated TG only in non-Turkmen men (all P<0.001). Insulin resistance had the strongest independent OR with MAFLD among men with similar size in both ethnic groups (4.68 [95% CI 2.56-8.55]) in non-Turkmen men and 4.37 (95% CI 2.27-8.42 in Turkmen men). This study revealed the high prevalence of MAFLD with a sex and ethnic disparity in the middle-aged population of Gonabad city. Further research is needed to understand the factors contributing to the higher prevalence of MAFLD in this region, particularly in women. Furthermore, considering the diverse ethnic population of Iran, it is suggested that future investigations on the sex and ethnic aspects of MAFLD in the Iranian population be conducted to provide targeted prevention strategies better suited for the Iranian population.

Ethnic aspects in educational design: Integrating the arts into the preparation of future teachers to promote the development of ethnocultural harmony in education

Relevance. The relevance of the problem under study is conditioned by the growing ethnocultural diversity of modern societies and the need to form harmonious interethnic relations. Purpose. The work aims to develop and test pedagogical design on the use of art opportunities in training future teachers for the development of their ethnocultural competence. Methodology. The study employed theoretical methods (structural-functional analysis, induction), empirical methods (pedagogical experiment, questionnaire, mathematical statistics), and methodological approaches (systemic, reductionist). Results. The research determined principles for selecting the content of art and aesthetic disciplines: multiculturalism, interdisciplinary and dialogicality. The effectiveness of the methodology was confirmed during a formative pedagogical experiment, showing a significant increase in the ethnocultural competence of students in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusions. Key pedagogical conditions for successfully implementing the developed methodology include close interdisciplinary integration of art history courses and the inclusion of ethnocultural content in art disciplines. This integration helps form systemic ideas about the artistic diversity of Kazakhstan's people and fosters a valuable attitude towards the cultural heritage of all ethnic groups. The practical significance lies in using the developed pedagogical design to prepare teachers for working in a multicultural environment. Keywords: interethnic tolerance; author�s elective course; multicultural education; multicultural educational environment

The effects of race, ethnicity, and gender on predictors of asthma medication adherence among early high school students

ABSTRACT We evaluated the moderating effects of gender on predictors of asthma medication adherence, and whether the moderating effects of gender differed by race and ethnicity. Adolescents with asthma(N = 62) on daily medication and their caregivers were enrolled in a longitudinal investigation of family asthma management across the transition to high school. Participants were on average 13.7 years old (SD = 0.6) and 62.7% were male. Forty percent were non-Latino white (NLW), 23.7% Black/African American, and 37.3% Latino. Adherence was objectively monitored. Family cohesion and medication beliefs were assessed at 8th and 10th grades. Favorable medication beliefs were associated with higher adherence among males, and higher family cohesion was related to higher adherence among females. Gender effects were moderated by race and ethnicity. Males had lower adherence than females among NLW participants and Latino participants. Among Black participants, males had higher adherence relative to females. Intersectional aspects of adolescent race, ethnicity, and gender may relate to medication adherence during the high school transition.

Vocal Configurations of Friday: Six Audiobook Versions of Robinson Crusoe

Robinson Crusoe is a novel obsessed with voice. Shipwrecked on his island, Crusoe teaches a parrot to speak and engages in silent conversations with God and himself and, when he finally meets Friday, he communicates in the discourses of master, educator, and companion. In silent reading of the print text, the reader subvocalises and dramatises the grammar, syntax, and pronunciation of Friday’s speech and more or less unconsciously creates a cohesive whole out of the dialogue sections and the passages narrated by Crusoe. In audiobook narration this process is externalised in the actual vocalisation of the text. The performing narrator has to make conscious choices depending on how he construes the Crusoe-Friday relationship and in what genre conventions he places it. Moreover, since Friday does not appear until two thirds into the text, the performing narrator needs to fit the last third into the overall vocal profile to produce a cohesive effect. This article focuses on the vocal configurations of Friday as manifest in six audiobook recordings of the novel. Material voice characteristics, such as quality, rhythm, and diction, as well as contextualising aspects of ethnicity, age, and nationality are taken into account. The rhetorical situation in which the performing narrator intensifies intentionality is also foregrounded.

The association between social/legal and perceptual aspects of ethnicity and ethnic bullying and victimization

ABSTRACT Controversial findings on the role of school ethnic diversity on ethnic bullying and victimization suggest the relevance of different categorizations of ethnicity in understanding this association. The present study aims to use an operationalization of both social/legal (i.e., citizenship status) and perceptual (i.e., others’ perception of diversity) aspects to analyse the impact of ethnic diversity on ethnic bullying and victimization, considering both individual and classroom-level associations. Participants were 960 students (52% girls; M = 15.19; SD = .60) from 58 first-year high school classrooms. Multilevel analyses showed that the lack of Italian citizenship appeared to be a risk factor for ethnic victimization on both individual and classroom levels, over and above the differences in students’ perceptions. No effects were found for ethnic bullying perpetration.

Problems of translating ethnic markers in a prose text (based on the material of O. Bokeev's prose)

Relevance. The relevance of the research lies in the fact that since ancient times translation has been a source of necessary knowledge and the foundations of culture. The role of translation is to mediate between different cultures and languages. The value of translating a prose text is constantly increasing. This procedure, namely the translation into another language of what is contained in the source text, is undoubtedly a complex operation and requires appropriate skills. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to consider the role of ethnic aspects and problems in the translation of prose texts using the example of O. Bokeev's materials. This type of translation requires subject, language, and cultural competence. This procedure creates special difficulties associated with various translation features. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study consisted of the following approaches to this subject: cognitive, component-structural, anthropocentric. Results. The diverse material discussed and the considerable number of drafts illustrate the complexity involved in translating O. Bokeev's prose. This highlights the multifaceted challenges of conveying ethnic markers in translation. Cultural rapprochement through translation is not achieved with a single text; rather, it requires numerous translated works to gradually depict an image that encapsulates various national cultural characteristics. Conclusions. The process of departure from the perception of translation as an interlanguage system to culturally oriented aspects underlies the prosaic analysis of text translation. The absolute position of the source text as a transmitter of meanings extracted from the language should focus on equivalence. The structuralism of prose translation assumes that the main task is to determine the essence and conditions that generalise the behavioural characteristics of an ethnic group, the context of the use of terms of its representatives. Keywords: prose translation; ethnic markers; culture; text; prose writer; problems; ethnics; national markers

Psychometric evaluation of the modified quality of recovery score for the postanaesthesia care unit (QoR-PACU2)—A prospective validation study

BackgroundTo date, there is no instrument to adequately assess self-reported quality of recovery (QoR) in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). We previously developed the QoR-PACU, a 13-item questionnaire specifically applicable to the PACU. The feasibility, acceptance, and validity of the QoR-PACU were promising. However, measures of reliability were slightly lower than expected. MethodsWe modified the QoR-PACU and evaluated its psychometric properties in a cohort of adult patients scheduled for non-cardiac surgery with general anesthesia. The modified QoR-PACU (termed QoR-PACU2) was administered before surgery and postoperatively in the PACU at the time of the decision to discharge. ResultsA total of 307 patients were included in the final analysis. Postoperative QoR-PACU2 sum scores differed across categories of sex, perioperative and surgical risk, and modes of airway management. The duration of anesthesia and surgery, maximum pain intensity and analgesic requirement in the PACU, and length of PACU stay were all inversely correlated with QoR in the PACU. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.70 (95%CI: 0.66–0.75). The intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.86 (95%CI: 0.70–0.94, p < 0.001) for intra-rater reliability (n = 24) and 0.94 (95%CI 0.90 to 0.97, p < 0.001) for inter-rater reliability (n = 31). Cohen’s effect size was 0.68 and the standardized response mean was 0.57. ConclusionThe QoR-PACU2 assesses self-reported QoR after surgery in the PACU. Measures of feasibility, validity, and reliability were consistently high. Measures of responsiveness were moderate, which might be attributable to the heterogeneity of the study population. Future studies should include aspects of ethnicity and cross-cultural applicability.