Bureaucratic Aspects Research Articles

The role of Confucian values in Korean administrative culture: a cultural-contextual perspective

ABSTRACT The Korean administrative culture and its philosophy have been developed through the philosophical underpinnings of religious and spiritual practices of Confucianism. This paper argues how, as an administrative culture, Confucian tradition has significantly impacted Korean bureaucrat’s and citizens’ behavioural and attitudinal patterns. The managerial values developed by Western countries still could not be absorbed and integrated with Korean administrative culture due to the strong ethical and cultural Confucian values. However, in contemporary times, there is a diminishing trend of public service motivation and an erosion of public trust towards public officials in Korea. Many aspects of bureaucracy have been standardised regardless of their applicability in the cultural context. Although the rule of law remains the universally accepted mode of governance, understanding the contextual or situated specificity of the role of religion in Asia Pacific states is significant as the world is reverting to traditions and culture. The conclusion offers that in rendering public services, public values shape the ethics or moral standards of the bureaucrats. The morality of Confucian values and ethics can complement in Korea’s public organisational behaviour and religion, which could be a way to achieve an impersonal ethical code in modern public governance.

Violencia institucional en atención por casos de violencia de género en Comisarías de Familia de Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia

This research aimed to analyze the acts of institutional violence and violation experienced by women when reporting gender violence at Family Police Stations in the city of Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia. The study was qualitative, supported by a narrative design of topics, and the technique for gathering information was the interview with a guide of semi-structured questions. The sources were selected through non-probabilistic convenience sampling, totaling 25 women who reported gender-based violence. The results are presented according to the phases of comprehensive care that are developed in these offices, allowing us to find that there are behaviors of revictimization, omission, and coercive action in the description of the criminal acts and throughout the entire care cycle by the officials. There is objectification of a symbolic nature in the face of acts of violence that chronify the sequelae of the traumatic experience of the violating act, negligence due to biased administrative actions concerning the victim's risk profile, and consensus on taking protective measures and undue diligence due to the bureaucratic network and interdisciplinary action. It is concluded that this violation is generated due to bureaucratic aspects that limit due process, lack of complementary training, and qualification of human talent with a gender perspective.

Unveiling frustration: an exploration of principals' frustration in special education schools for complex disabilities

PurposeThe study aims to explore the diverse meanings and sources of frustration among Israeli principals working in special education settings. The study poses two questions: 1. What are the perceived expressions of frustration among principals working in the context of special education? 2. What are the perceived sources of frustration among principals working in special education settings?Design/methodology/approachA total of 17 semi-structured interviews were conducted with principals working in special education schools for complex disabilities to investigate perceived expressions and sources of frustration.FindingsThe study identified four themes through data analysis: helplessness regarding the children, helplessness regarding bureaucratic aspects, frustration from conflicts and disappointment and frustration from feeling alone.Originality/valueDespite the extensive acknowledgment of emotions and feelings in the context of educational leadership, the experience of work frustration among special education school principals has not been explicitly investigated. This research provides empirical insights into the nuanced experiences of frustration among special education principals, offering both empirical and practical implications for understanding and addressing this critical aspect of their work.

Stakeholder Synergy in Social Innovation: Efforts to Reduce the Impact of Poverty in Indonesia

Objective: The problem of poverty requires a social innovation-based assistance strategy that involves various parties or collaboration in solving a social problem. Poverty alleviation policies are not only centered on bureaucratic aspects but are also always human-centered (human-centered design) in defining and formulating innovative policies. This research aims to identify stakeholders in social innovation in order to overcome the impacts of poverty. Theoretical framework: This research uses 6 dimensions of social innovation in analyzing the impact of poverty in Indonesia. Apart from that, this research also explains the role of stakeholders through the Quintuple Helix concept where there is a continuous balance between government and society. Method: This research is a type of qualitative research with 50 research informants who refer to five requirements for selecting informants. Researchers conducted in-depth interviews with social practitioners so that researchers could get more concrete information about the problems that occurred. Results and conclusions: In the Social Exclusion Dynamics dimension, it was found that the Indonesian Government's policies were able to provide accelerated handling that was not trapped in bureaucratic, techno-technical aspects. By making the community work partners or volunteers who are socially active. The Mobilization of Resources dimension is related to the synergy aspect of multi-stakeholder involvement which is able to provide community capacity development, mastery and understanding of technological information so that it can improve the quality of life. In the Satisfaction of Human Needs dimension, pragmatism in the government system often causes a loss of innovation and creativity in exploring local resources in society. In the context of health service policy, it is often not possible to explore the source of the main problems in society. The dimension of empowerment is the creation of knowledge. Knowledge is data and information combined with ability, intuition, experience, ideas, and motivation from competent sources. In the dimension of Change in Social Relations, social innovation is ultimately able to determine permanent changes in the social environment, power, relations between social groups, government, and society, the state and the private sector. These dynamics are related to those displayed in the triangle of vision, intention, development culture, identity, organizational and institutional dynamics. Meanwhile, in the Territorial Specificity dimension, the research results show that funding for poverty alleviation activities is assisted by CSR programs from industry as well as social assistance from various elements of society, such as institutions, individuals, companies, zakat institutions, foundations, volunteers and others. Research implications: This research has implications for the involvement of stakeholders in social innovation in overcoming the impacts of poverty Originality/value: The value of this research lies in the application of the social innovation dimension through the role of multi-stakeholders in overcoming the impacts of poverty. The research results also provide new value to the role of organic intellectuals which refers to actors who play an important role in society.

Implementation of Social Conflict Management Programs in Sumedang Regency by the Sumedang Regency National and Political Unity Office

The Sumedang Regency National and Political Unity Office is the leading sector in the implementation of social conflict management programs in Sumedang Regency. Various conflict management programs in Sumedang Regency are directed at handling ATHG and potential conflicts so that they do not become open conflicts. The implementation of these conflict management programs is carried out through four main aspects, namely communication, resources, attitudes, and bureaucracy. This research aims to analyze the four aspects of the program implementation in the social conflict management programs by the Sumedang Regency National and Political Unity Office. The research method used in this study was a qualitative descriptive research method. The data sources in this study were primary data sources and secondary data sources. Data collection was carried out using observation techniques (non-participatory observation), in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), and literature studies. Sequentially, the data that had been collected were analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data display, data interpretation, and concluding (data interpretation). The research results show that in the aspect of communication, the Sumedang Regency National and Political Unity Office carries out a communication process both internally and externally and is facilitated directly by the Sumedang Regency Integrated Social Conflict Management Team. In the aspect of resources, there are three main resources, namely budgetary resources, human resources, and equipment resources. In the aspect of attitudes, the program implementers have good attitudes, knowledge, understanding, and competence towards the programs as well as being quick to respond to cases and spry to the tasks given. In addition, the implementers also have high obedience, dedication, willingness, and loyalty when implementing the programs. In the aspect of bureaucracy, the division of authority and bureaucratic structure in implementing the program internally and externally is carried out in a clear and tiered manner from the regency to the ward/village levels.

Barriers and facilitators for leading the development of inclusive school cultures in Chile

ABSTRACT A school with inclusive orientation should have a leadership team that works to develop a culture that promotes school inclusion. This is a difficult task, due to the administrative demands and excess of responsibilities that school principals and their educational teams have. This is why, this study aims to identify the barriers and facilitators faced by leadership teams to develop an inclusive culture within schools. Within the framework of a case study with an ethnographic focus, participant observations, document analysis, interviews and focus groups were carried out during 8 months in two Chilean schools that exhibit two different levels of development. The main results reveal that the barriers for leadership teams, regardless of the level of development of inclusive cultures, are related to the lack of promotion of student participation and a school leadership focus on the more bureaucratic aspects. However, the school with a higher development of inclusive culture presents less barriers and more facilitators, among which are the commitment of the leadership team to a pedagogical and inclusive focus, appreciation for diversity and promotion of teacher reflection.

Bureaucratic Politics and Informality in Foreign Policy-making: The Case of Indonesia-China Relations

ABSTRACT How do governments respond to bilateral relationships characterised by growing economic cooperation on one side and concerns about national security on the other? The existing literature has mainly employed systemic, domestic and individual levels of analysis, but has failed to scrutinise the important bureaucratic aspect of policy-making. By focusing on Indonesia’s policy towards the People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) assertiveness in the South China Sea (SCS), we examine the role of the ‘curator’, an official tasked with ensuring successful policy outcomes by often bypassing formal institutions in the policy-making process. Arguably, the main reason Indonesia maintained a relatively coherent policy can be attributed to the role of the curator, who worked within an informal space to coordinate maritime policies enacted by a bureaucratic apparatus that was deemed to be hindering the president’s approach. By incorporating informality as a mode of coordination, this analysis of Indonesia-China relations advances the bureaucratic politics model in FPA.

Policy Implementation of Stunting Prevention in Solok Selatan Regency

This study aims to analyze the implementation of stunting prevention policies in Solok Selatan Regency. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with primary and secondary data. This research was carried out in Solok Selatan Regency, to be precise, in all Regional Apparatus Organizations (OPDs) involved in preventing malnutrition. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews and documentation. The results of the study show that stunting prevention policies are implemented by all OPDs based on their authority. However, this policy has not succeeded in realizing the achievement of policy objectives. This is due to economic, and educational factors, low communication and cooperation between OPDs, and the absence of system development by the regional government. This study concludes that local governments need to formulate local policies that can boost the people's economy. In the educational aspect, innovation programs to increase specific knowledge about quality nutritional intake are needed which can be developed by utilizing available natural resources. Meanwhile, in the bureaucratic aspect, it is necessary to increase the joint commitment of OPDs and open bureaucratic resources between OPDs to implement stunting prevention policies.

Características do trabalho do agente comunitário de saúde na pandemia de COVID-19 em municípios do Nordeste brasileiro

Abstract The community health agents (CHAs) comprised the workforce at the forefront of health systems in the fight against COVID-19. The study identified the structural conditions for organizing and characterizing the work of CHAs in three municipalities of northeastern Brazil during the pandemic period. A qualitative study of multiple cases was carried out. Twenty-eight subjects were interviewed, including community agents and municipal managers. Data production assessed the interviews with document analysis. The operational categories that emerged from the data analysis were: structural conditions and characteristics of the activities. The results of this study disclosed the scarcity of the structural conditions in the health units, which during the pandemic made improvised adaptations of the internal spaces. As for the work characteristics, actions permeated by bureaucratic aspects of an administrative nature were evidenced in the health units, resulting in the elimination of their binding function of territorial articulation and community mobilization. Thus, changes in their work can be seen as signs of the fragility of the health system and, especially, of primary health care.

Pikobar and Jabar Saber Hoaks: Dynamics of E-Government Implementation in Preventing Bureaucratic Pathology in West Java

The pandemic has implications for all aspects of human life, including the bureaucratic aspect. In this case, the reality experienced in the bureaucratic process in West Java reflects a lack of transparency, corruption and tortuous procedures, and extortion. This research aims to find a solution to bureaucratic pathology in West Java by using a digital government innovation. The research method used is Qualitative with a Case Study Approach, which aims to discover the West Java government's innovations in prevention to create an efficient bureaucratic system amidst the momentum of the pandemic. The results of the study show that the West Java Government has succeeded in innovating in preventing Bureaucratic Pathology by optimizing Government Digitalization or E-Government, namely creating the Jabar Saber hoaks and PIKOBAR Programs, which aim for various uses for the people of West Java during the Covid-19 period as well as developing an application for reporting the number of recoveries and died and spread validity news related to the issue of Covid-19 and other social problems in the Pandemic era.

Returning Home: A Comparative Analysis of the Experiences of Sri Lankan First- and Second-Generation Refugee Returnees from India

Abstract Since the end of the civil war in 2009, Sri Lankan refugees in India have begun to return home slowly. This article examines the reintegration experiences of first-generation returnees vis-à-vis second-generation returnees who were either born in India or were small children at the time of migration and thus have limited memory of their lives in Sri Lanka before migration. Particular attention is given to challenges encountered, coping mechanisms adapted to overcome these challenges and returnees’ perceptions of their own return decision in hindsight. Using 13 in-depth case studies in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka, we found that while the reintegration of first-generation returnees has been relatively uneventful, second-generation returnees, particularly those with Indian higher educational qualifications, faced a cluster of challenges upon their return involving financial, social, and bureaucratic aspects. Their coping mechanisms include accepting jobs beneath their qualifications, remigration to India, and maintaining strong bonds with fellow returnees and friends still in India. While challenges faced upon returning to Sri Lanka have led some returnees, particularly the young, to doubt their decision to return, others are content with their decision as they feel they have better rights in Sri Lanka.

Broadening the Lens of Procedural Justice Beyond the Courtroom: A Case Study of Legal Financial Obligations in the Juvenile Court

Procedural justice research has shown how people’s experiences with courtroom actors, such as judges, defense attorneys, and prosecutors, shape their views of the justice system and its legitimacy. However, less is known about how people’s experiences outside the courtroom that relate to their cases shape their views of this system. Based on forty-one interviews with twenty-one youths and twenty parents in Dane County, Wisconsin about their legal financial obligations (also known as monetary sanctions), this study broadens the focus of procedural justice to include another key aspect to people’s experiences with the law beyond the courtroom: their experiences navigating bureaucratic aspects to their youths’ cases and their interactions with non-court staff (e.g., clerks, Human Services, and community agencies), otherwise known as “auxiliary personnel” (Feeley 1979) or “street-level bureaucrats” (Lipsky 2010/1980). We focus on legal financial obligations as a case study to show this multi-agency view of procedural justice as it reveals the families’ often disjointed experiences with justice staff both inside and outside of the courtroom.

Pendekatan Manajemen Peserta Didik pada SD IT Al-Hijrah 2 Laut Dendang

This article aims to find out and analyze the student management approach that exists at SD IT Al-Hijrah 2 Laut Dendang school. This article contains three student management approaches that are used, namely the first, quantitative approach (the quantitative approach) is this approach that focuses more on administrative and bureaucratic aspects contained in educational institutions. Both qualitative approaches (the qualitative approach) are aimed at making students capable, this approach aims to make students happy and prosperous. The third, integrated approach is this approach is a combination of the two approaches above, in this approach students are asked to fulfill bureaucratic and administrative demands at school and schools also offer other incentives that can meet the needs and welfare of students.

Implementation of the Village Asset Management System Policy in Realizing Good Governance in Pekalongan Regency

This research examines the Implementation of the Village Asset Management System (SIPADES) Policy in Realizing Good Governance in the Village Government of Pekalongan Regency. This problem is interesting to study because at this time the village has room to carry out governance. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The data sources consist of primary data with a total of 5 informants and secondary data with 3 types of documents. Data collection techniques were carried out by means of library research, and field studies (observations, interviews, and documents). Data analysis techniques were carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study are that the implementation of village asset management policies in the Proto Village Government is still experiencing several obstacles. Among them, in the aspect of communication, there is still a lack of training and mentoring for the SIPADES application. Non-human resources are still lacking in the internet network. In the disposition aspect, village asset management policies are top-down in nature. In addition, in the bureaucratic aspect of implementing village asset management policies in the Proto Village Government, Pekalongan Regency, they are still experiencing problems in the form of the process of inputting assets. Inputting takes a long time. Efforts can be made by holding intense assistance to all village governments in Pekalongan Regency in operating the SIPADES application. Assistance must be ongoing so that the village government can take advantage of the SIPADES application in helping to realize good governance.

Organ Procurement, Donation, and Transplant Awareness in an Urban Eastern European Region: A General Population Survey.

BACKGROUND Despite significant improvements in Romania's transplantation system, actual donor numbers have paradoxically fallen, contrary to the European trend. With a donation rate of 3.44 donors per million inhabitants, Romania ranks near the bottom of European countries. This study aimed to identify several predictors of a positive attitude toward organ donation in the Romanian population that could aid in reshaping public policies to improve donation and transplantation rates. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included a representative Iasi population. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire focused on revealing attitudes toward organ donation, importance of consent, willingness to donate a family member's organs, and role of medical staff in the donation decision. A perception score was calculated as a methodological approach to validate attitudes toward organ donation. RESULTS Of all respondents, 55% agreed to donate their organs if declared brain-dead, while 20% opposed this idea; 72.7% considered consent necessary; 70% believed that consent must belong to the family when it comes to brain-dead organ donors; and 44.5% supported the idea of financial compensation. Higher monthly income was correlated with a positive attitude toward organ donation. CONCLUSIONS Even though the study population had a positive attitude toward organ donation, the willingness to donate was lower than in other European countries and did not translate into actual donations. The necessity of informed consent, lack of knowledge on the topic, bureaucratic aspects, and openness to financial compensation could explain the current situation of the Romanian transplantation system.

Contributors

Previous articleNext article FreeContributorsPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailQR Code SectionsMoreBoróka Bó is assistant professor of sociology at the University of Essex. Her research delineates the mechanisms linking sociotemporal disparities and inequalities in well-being. She is currently writing a book on the relationship between the social experience of time and our individual and collective emotions.Jennifer W. Bouek is assistant professor in the Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice at the University of Delaware. Her research interests broadly include families, inequality, and the state. She is currently writing a book on the American childcare system and its role in widening economic inequality.Jennifer A. Jones is associate professor of sociology at the University of Illinois Chicago. Her research lies at the intersection of the sociology of race, immigration, and politics with an emphasis on the relationship between categorical ascription and meaning making. She is the author of The Browning of the New South (University of Chicago Press, 2019).Celene Reynolds is currently a Presidential Postdoctoral Fellow at Cornell University with research and teaching interests in law and organizations, comparative and historical sociology, gender and sexuality, and higher education. She is also an affiliate of the Center for the Study of Inequality and a postdoctoral associate in the Department of Organizational Behavior. Her research centers on understanding inequality in organizations and the laws designed to reduce it. (SA)Daniel McArthur is a lecturer (assistant professor) in Education at the University of York, where he works at the intersection between education, sociology, and political science. He studies the institutional causes and political consequences of economic inequalities, with a particular interest in the role that geography plays in the reproduction of advantageAaron Reeves is a sociologist and associate professor in the Department of Social Policy and Intervention at Oxford University, a fellow of Green Templeton College, and a visiting senior fellow in the International Inequalities Institute at the London School of Economics and Political Science. He is working on the political economy of health and social stratification and is currently writing a book on the British elite.Mike Vuolo is associate professor in the Department of Sociology at Ohio State University and current editor of Sociological Methodology. His research interests include crime, law, and deviance as well as health, work and education, substance use, the life course, and statistics and methodology.Lesley E. Schneider is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Sociology at Ohio State University. Her research focuses on criminal record stigma and discrimination, reentry and supervision experiences, responses to legal change, and bureaucratic aspects of charging and sentencing.Eric G. LaPlant is a survey statistician at the Veterans Health Administration’s Healthcare Analysis and Information Group. His research reporting focuses on healthcare-based program evaluations and surveys aiming to inform policy recommendations. Previous articleNext article DetailsFiguresReferencesCited by American Journal of Sociology Volume 128, Number 2September 2022 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/722503 © 2022 The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTI-CORRUPTION AGENCY IN INDONESIAN AND MALAYSIAN GOVERNMENT FOR ERADICATION OF CORRUPTIONS

This study aims to analyze and compare the implementation of strategies and policies of anti-corruption institutions in the Indonesian and Malaysian governments in corruption eradication measures and to find out the results of the comparison that can be used as recommendations. The research method uses a qualitative approach, analyzing studies on anti-corruption institutions in Indonesia and Malaysia. The study results indicate that each country has specific strategies and policies in eradicating corruption. Political factors, history, cultural background, and community conditions in these two countries will greatly influence policymaking in eradicating corruption. However, what is more, significant is the legal action of the perpetrators of corruption. Both countries show their respective characters and ways to crackdown on corruption. Indonesia tends to prioritize procedural and bureaucratic aspects. While the Malaysian government emphasizes auditing practices for all sectors deemed prone to corruption, the bureaucracy is simpler and faster, and the system has been implemented with international quality management. Therefore, the two countries have held bilateral cooperation to eradicate corruption as a means of the joint study, helping each other and filling each other's weaknesses and shortcomings.

Загрози та перспективи розвитку операторів на ринку світлових нафтопродуктів України

The study of the market of light petroleum products of Ukraine made it possible to establish that the market is highly competitive and is growing at an average pace. The main operators on it are FPG "Privat" (gas station networks "Avias", "ANP", "Sentosa Oil", etc.), PJSC "Ukrnafta" (gas station network "UKRNAFTA"), PEG "Continental" (gas station network "WOG"), JSC "Concern "Galnaftogaz" (gas station network "OKKO"). These companies, as well as international gas stations networks, occupy the best competitive positions in the market. In the nearest future, the entry of new companies into the market is not forecasted. Oil refinery companies in Ukraine import oil and products of its processing, and their own oil and gas fields are not developed. Foreign companies that develop their own fields (for example, Russian corporations) have a significant competitive advantage. Also, competitive advantages for operators in the light petroleum products market are the geographical distribution of filling stations, the presence of a strong brand, additional service for consumers, and a significant number of loyal consumers. It was found that such factors as the presence of bureaucratic aspects in decision-making in cooperation with the state, unfair competition in the market from illegal gas stations, a gradual increase in the number of electric vehicles, global fluctuations in oil prices, legislative restrictions, inflation, potential devaluation of the hryvnia, as well as the low purchasing power of consumers have a threatening impact on the market. Among the weaknesses of the industry was the exhaustiveness of the planet's oil resources, and among the opportunities - the development of its own fields or the gradual diversification of production towards adjacent markets (for example, the renewable energy market). Based on the analysis of the light petroleum products industry, it was established that horizontal and vertical diversification strategies are promising for JSC "Concern Galnaftogaz". According to them, the main marketing solutions of this enterprise can be aimed at creating new types of products (in particular, related to renewable energy), building solar power plants and wind farms on the company's own land plots, and full access to the renewable energy market. The advantage of these strategies is the minimization of risk since the market is partially known (JSC "Concern Galnaftogaz" owns a façade solar power plant on the building of the head office and "green" filling stations (filling stations with solar panels on roofs) in areas with a high level of solar insolation. The implementation of the diversification strategy also consists in expanding the range of products offered by JSC "Concern Galnaftogaz", for example, by providing such a new service as testing fuel samples in mobile laboratories for individuals who would be able to carry out their own fuel quality check offered by various filling stations.

Weaknesses in Motivation and in Establishing a Meritocratic System: A Portrait of the Portuguese Public Administration

The complexities of Public Administration have gained the growing attention of scholars around the world, mainly due to the impacts of the reforms implemented under the doctrine of New Public Management (which aims to apply concepts and practices of private management in public management) on civil servants. The aim of this study is to find out how Portuguese citizens evaluate the Portuguese Public Administration under the aspects of bureaucracy, organisation of human resources, innovation, skills and attitudes of civil servants, its motivation and recognition; and to verify if there are differences of opinion between respondents working in public sector and respondents from other sectors. This study follows a quali-quantitative approach, and data were collected through an online survey in the period from June to December 2020. The survey was answered by 1119 citizens from all districts of Portugal. The main findings reveal a still high level of bureaucracy in the Portuguese Public Administration; weaknesses in the management of human resources, namely regarding the motivation and recognition of civil servants; and difficulties in the establishment of a meritocratic system of recruitment and performance evaluation of civil servants. Statistically significant evaluation differences (chi-square test and non-parametric Mann–Whitney U tests, involving five hypotheses) were found between the public sector and other sectors, except for the motivation variable.

Job Crafting na Administração Pública: Estudo em uma Instituição Federal de Ensino no Rio de Janeiro

Este artigo apresenta pesquisa que analisou a relação entre job crafting e engajamento no trabalho no contexto da administração pública, baseada no modelo Job Demands-Resources (JD-R). O job crafting está relacionado positivamente ao engajamento no trabalho, através de mudanças que os indivíduos realizam em suas tarefas, relações e aspectos cognitivos do trabalho, apresentando-se como um caminho para aumentar a motivação no trabalho. A coleta de evidências deu-se por análise documental, entrevistas semiestruturadas e técnica de complemento de frases realizadas junto a 12 servidores técnico-administrativos de um campus do CEFET/RJ. Os resultados apontam que os servidores: possuem recursos pessoais e de trabalho; há baixa demanda de trabalho; procuram realizar alterações nas suas tarefas, relacionamentos e aspectos cognitivos do trabalho, porém essas alterações melhoram o engajamento apenas nas dimensões absorção e dedicação ao trabalho. Os resultados apontam que aspectos da burocracia dificultam o job crafting, mas é possível implementar práticas para incentivá-lo.