Technological Aspects Research Articles

Plasmonic Particle Integration into Near-Infrared Photodetectors and Photoactivated Gas Sensors: Toward Sustainable Next-Generation Ubiquitous Sensing.

Current challenges in environmental science, medicine, food chemistry as well as the emerging use of artificial intelligence for solving problems in these fields require distributed, local sensing. Such ubiquitous sensing requires components with 1) high sensitivity, 2) power efficiency, 3) miniaturizability, and 4) the ability to directly interface with electronic circuitry, i.e., electronic readout of sensing signals. Over the recent years, several nanoparticle-based approaches have found their way into this field and have demonstrated high performance. However, challenges remain, such as the toxicity of many of today's narrow bandgap semiconductors for NIR detection and the high energy consumption as well as low selectivity of state-of-the-art commercialized gas sensors. With their unique light-matter interaction and ink-based fabrication schemes, plasmonic nanostructures provide potential technological solutions to these challenges, leading also to better environmental performance. In this perspective recent approaches of using plasmonic nanoparticles are discussed for the fabrication of NIR photodetectors and light-activated, energy-efficient gas sensing devices. In addition, new strategies implying computational approaches are pointed out for miniaturizable spectrometers, exploiting the wide spectral tunability of plasmonic nanocomposites, and for selective gas sensors, utilizing dynamic light activation. The benefits of colloidal approaches for device fabrication are discussed with regard to technological advantages and environmental aspects, which are barely considered so far.

DEFINING COMPONENTS OF THE METHODOLOGICAL PLATFORM FOR FORMING A BUSINESS PORTFOLIO OF A COMPANY IN THE UPDATED FORMAT OF MODERN DEVELOPMENT

The article is devoted to the analysis of the economic and operational imperatives of forming a business portfolio for a development company in the construction sector. A successful business portfolio management strategy requires the integration of financial, organizational, and technological aspects to ensure the sustainability and competitiveness of the business. In modern conditions, real estate development is one of the key factors that determines the dynamics of enterprise development, as it includes a comprehensive approach to asset management, from planning and financing to the construction and operation of objects. The theoretical and methodological foundations of the genesis of development at the current stage of the construction market's evolution have been analyzed.The methodological platform for forming a business portfolio should be based on the principles of rational resource management, risk analysis, and technological optimization. Changes in development activities require the active use of digital tools and a comprehensive approach to managing residential, commercial, and industrial properties, which allows for the maximization of profitability and minimization of risks.The article discusses the main stages of portfolio formation, such as strategic planning, selection of investment objects, and their integration into the overall structure of the enterprise. An economic and mathematical formalization of the process is also provided. For the successful operation of a development company, it is crucial to ensure coordinated work at all stages of the project — from planning and financing to construction and commissioning of the facilities.Particular attention is paid to the methods of economic and mathematical modelling (EMM) and quantitative risk analysis, which have become the basis for the development of the latest asset management strategies. The study analyses 35 different techniques. Each methodology offers unique tools for the effective management of development projects that allow forecasting financial flows, determining optimal investment strategies, and building the best plans for the development of a real estate portfolio. The specific methods used to value residential, commercial and industrial real estate are also discussed, taking into account their different levels of risk and return.It is important to note that the updated methodological platform is suitable for adaptation to the latest technologies and digital tools. This includes the introduction of a project management system, the use of artificial intelligence technologies to analyse large amounts of data, and the use of analytical tools to predict market trends. This approach helps to optimise asset management in a changing market environment. The analysis of the main components of the business portfolio formation platform also showed that important factors for the successful implementation of development projects are the speed of response to market changes, flexibility of management decisions, and the ability to minimise risks at all stages of the project.

Methods of maral (Caspian red deer) dried blood production by sublimation and evaluation of its quality

The presented article represents the results of a thorough investigation aimed at a deep understanding of the process of producing dried maral blood using the sublimation method. The main focus is on analyzing the technological aspects of this method and evaluating the chemical and biological properties of the resulting product. The results of the conducted research led to the conclusion that the sublimation method is an effective and promising means of preserving the biologically active components in dried maral blood. This assessment is based on a careful analysis of various product characteristics, including protein content, trace elements, and other important constituents. Scientific measurements and comparisons with standards, including physicochemical analysis, and other methods, allowed establishing that dried maral blood obtained by the sublimation method exhibits a high degree of preservation of biologically active substances. This confirms its potential for use in various fields such as medicine, the food industry, and cosmetology. Such results are of significant importance for the scientific community and industry as they confirm the prospects and effectiveness of this production method, which can contribute to the development of new technologies and products in the future. Ultimately, the conclusions drawn confirm the prospects for the widespread use of dried maral blood in various fields, including medicine, the food industry, and cosmetology. These findings are of great significance for the scientific community and industrial circles, as they emphasize not only the importance of this production method but also open up new horizons for further research and development in the field of biologically active products.

Analysis of the effect of geometric and flow parameters on the separation efficiency of virtual impact separators: Optimization based on response surface methodology

Respiratory dust is the primary factor triggering pneumoconiosis. Accurately separating respiratory dust from total dust according to specific criteria are key aspects of respiratory dust monitoring and prevention technology. In this study, we numerically solve the gas-solid two-phase flow within a virtual impactor by coupling computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with the discrete element method (DEM). Here, we explored the air velocity and dust separation efficiency of each component of the virtual impactor to determine optimal structural scale parameters. Accurate 3D printing technology was employed to materialize the three-dimensional structure of the virtual impactor. The separation efficiency of the virtual impactor was evaluated and verified through simulated duct experiments. The results indicate that the weak flow ratio has the most significant effect on separation efficiency, followed by the effect of the ratio of separation chamber diameter to nozzle width (S/W), the ratio of the weak flow outlet size to nozzle width (D/W) aving the smallest degree of influence. When S/W is 1.8, D/W is 1.333, and the weak flow ratio is 0.1, the separation efficiency curves show optimal performance, as confirmed by experimental verification. The experimental verification matched the simulated separation efficiency data within a deviation range of 1.10–11.4 %.

Design and Technological Aspects of Integrating Multi-Blade Machining and Surface Hardening on a Single Machine Base

Modern mechanical engineering faces high competition in global markets, which requires manufacturers of process equipment to significantly reduce production costs while ensuring high product quality and maximum productivity. Metalworking occupies a significant part of industrial production and consumes a significant share of the world’s energy and natural resources. Improving the technology of manufacturing parts with an emphasis on more efficient use of metalworking machines is necessary to maintain the competitiveness of the domestic machine tool industry. Hybrid metalworking systems based on the principles of multi-purpose integration eliminate the disadvantages of monotechnologies and increase efficiency by reducing time losses and intermediate operations. The purpose of this work is to develop and implement a hybrid machine tool system and an appropriate combined technology for manufacturing machine parts. Theory and methods. Studies of the possible structural composition and layout of hybrid equipment at integration of mechanical and surface-thermal processes were carried out, taking into account the basic provisions of structural synthesis and componentization of metalworking systems. Theoretical studies were carried out using the basic provisions of system analysis, geometric theory of surface formation, design of metalworking machines, methods of finite elements, and mathematical and computer modeling. The mathematical modeling of thermal fields and structural-phase transformations during HEH HFC was carried out in ANSYS (version 19.1) and SYSWELD (version 2010) software packages using numerical methods of solving differential equations of unsteady heat conduction (Fourier equation), carbon diffusion (2nd Fick’s law) and elastic–plastic behavior of the material. The verification of the modeling results was carried out using in situ experiments employing the following: optical and scanning microscopy; and mechanical and X-ray methods of residual stress determination. Formtracer SV-C4500 profilograph profilometer was used in the study for simultaneous measurement of shape deviations and surface roughness. Surface topography was assessed using a Walter UHL VMM 150 V instrumental microscope. The microhardness of the hardened surface layer of the parts was evaluated on a Wolpert Group 402MVD. Results and discussion. The original methodology of structural and kinematic analysis for pre-design studies of hybrid metalworking equipment is presented. Methodological recommendations for the modernization of multi-purpose metal-cutting machine tool are developed, the implementation of which will make it possible to implement high-energy heating with high-frequency currents (HEH HFC) on a standard machine tool system and provide the formation of knowledge-intensive technological equipment with extended functionality. The innovative moment of this work is the development of hybrid metalworking equipment with numerical control and writing a unique postprocessor to it, which allows to realize all functional possibilities of this machine system and the technology of combined processing as a whole. Special tooling and tools providing all the necessary requirements for the process of surface hardening of HEH HFC were designed and manufactured. The conducted complex of works and approbation of the technology of integrated processing in real conditions in comparison with traditional methods of construction of technological process of parts manufacturing allowed to obtain the following results: increase in the productivity of processing by 1.9 times; exclusion of possibility of scrap occurrence at finishing grinding; reduction in auxiliary and preparatory-tasking time; and reduction in inter-operational parts backlogs.

Eliciting the anchor link for building public-private collaboration in sustainable energy: insights from the Finnish context

This article interrelates social, environmental, and technological aspects concerning public-private collaboration. The aim is to decipher the motivations and reluctance factors that prompt or limit building synergies between actors with divergent incentives and better understand the connection between the individual-level sensemaking and macro-level constructs regarding public-private collaboration in a specific socio-cultural context. Following the microfoundations movement in strategy and Organizational Theory, the study combines insights from sensemaking research and Social Exchange Theory to delve into how cultural context influences individuals' perception of public-private collaboration for the energy transition and ultimately defines its nature. Drawing from a case study in Finland based on 30 interviews, we identify six critical dimensions in the actors' discourse: 1) the role of trust in decision-making, 2) consensus and competition, 3) horizontality, 4) boosting innovations versus the challenges of public and private sectors, 5) acceptability of arrangements and public funding, and 6) the role of public-private collaboration in the decarbonization. These dimensions shed light on the influence of the socio-cultural context in enhancing trust and consensus as drivers of social exchange in public-private collaboration. Future studies should explore 1) enabling mechanisms for cross-context collaboration and 2) the roles and motivations in collaborative approaches.

Recent Developments and Applications of 3D-Printing Technology in Pharmaceutical Drug Delivery Systems: A New Research Direction and Future Trends.

The advent of 3D printing technology has emerged as a key technical revolution in recent years, enabling the development and production of innovative medication delivery methods in the pharmaceutical sector. The designs, concepts, techniques, key challenges, and potential benefits during 3D-printing technology are the key points discussed in this review. This technology primarily enables rapid, safe, and low-cost development of pharmaceutical formulations during the conventional and additive manufacturing processes. This phenomenon has wide-ranging implications in current as well as future medicinal developments. Advanced technologies such as Ink-Jet printing, drop-on-demand printing, Zip dose, Electrohydrodynamic Printing (Ejet) etc., are the current focus of the drug delivery systems for enhancing patient convenience and improving medication compliance. The current and future applications of various software, such as CAD software, and regulatory aspects in 3D and 4D printing technology are discussed briefly in this article. With respect to the prospective trajectory of 3D and 4D printing, it is probable that the newly developed methods will be predominantly utilized in pharmacies and hospitals to accommodate the unique requirements of individuals or niche groups. As a result, it is imperative that these technologies continue to advance and be improved in comparison to 2D printing in order to surmount the aforementioned regulatory and technical obstacles, render them applicable to a vast array of drug delivery systems, and increase their acceptability among patients of every generation.

Цифровая трансформация здравоохранения: технологические и организационные аспекты

The article shows that the digital transformation of domestic healthcare leads to the emergence of new opportunities for its qualitative development and improvement of the efficiency of services provided, in this regard, such a transformation is one of the key directions of the national Healthcare project implemented in the Russian Federation. It shows how telemedicine, electronic medical records, artificial intelligence, big data analysis, etc. They provide an increase in the efficiency of medical services, allowing the formation of technological and organizational aspects for the effective development of the healthcare system within the framework of the so-called "4p medicine", which largely embodies the paradigm of its development in the digital age. The emergence of 4P medicine represents a transition from a reactive to a proactive model of the healthcare system, focusing on prevention, early detection and personalized treatment in order to improve the effectiveness of the healthcare system and reduce the cost of its operation.

Advances in Microbial Exopolysaccharides: Present and Future Applications.

Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are receiving growing interest today, owing to their diversity in chemical structure and source, multiple functions, and immense potential applications in many food and non-food industries. Their health-promoting benefits for humans deserve particular attention because of their various biological activities and physiological functions. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of microbial EPSs, covering (1) their chemical and biochemical diversity, including composition, biosynthesis, and bacterial sources belonging mainly to lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or probiotics; (2) their technological and analytical aspects, especially their production mode and characterization; (3) their biological and physiological aspects based on their activities and functions; and (4) their current and future uses in medical and pharmaceutical fields, particularly for their prebiotic, anticancer, and immunobiotic properties, as well as their applications in other industrial and agricultural sectors.

OPTIMIZATION OF CROSS-PLATFORM APPLICATIONS USING THE REACT LIBRARY

In today's world, with the growing use of mobile devices, the importance of creating cross-platform applications that provide high performance and quality of user experience has increased significantly. Improving the creation of such applications using React and React Native opens up wide opportunities for developers due to the possibility of code reuse, high development speed and ease of innovation, and is especially relevant because it concerns not only the technological aspects of development, but also economic efficiency, quality of user experience and the speed of introducing innovations to the software market. Open source and active community communication allow rapid identification and resolution of issues, development of new features and enhancements, and the sharing of knowledge and experience between developers. This creates a positive environment for innovation and growth, promotes rapid technological progress, and improves the quality of end products. The paper analyzes the key aspects and challenges associated with the creation of cross-platform applications, analyzes the main types of optimizations at different levels of development, including the component level, the state and data level, the level of working with APIs and external data, as well as the loading and code level. Special attention is paid to the integration of synchronous and asynchronous rendering to achieve optimal performance and user experience. Highlights the benefits of flexible state management using state managers, as well as the importance of image and media optimization to improve overall website performance. The article notes the role of the developer community in the process of improvement and innovation. Developers who master these technologies and optimize their application can create products that not only meet the requirements of the time, but also form new standards in the field of mobile and web development. Further research and integration of the latest technologies into the development process of cross-platform applications will have a significant impact on the software industry.

Are farmer organizations effective intermediaries and facilitators of agricultural innovations processes? Evidence from Tunisia

Integration of productivity, resource management, and institutional innovations is crucial across different system levels. Traditional research and extension services face challenges in disseminating innovations effectively, leading to the emergence of the agricultural innovation system (AIS) approach. AIS involves collaboration among various stakeholders to improve the technological, managerial, and institutional aspects of agriculture. Intermediary actors play a pivotal role in facilitating innovation exchange and learning processes. In Tunisia, farmer organizations (FOs) such as Groupements de Développement Agricole (GDAs) and Sociétés Mutuelles de Services Agricoles (SMSAs) are key intermediaries. However, there is a lack of comprehensive assessments of FOs' innovation roles, which this study aims to address using the social network analysis (SNA) method. The findings aim to shed light on FOs' effectiveness as innovation intermediaries and identify potential challenges and benefits associated with their roles in innovation processes through the comparison of three farmers' groups divided by their membership status to detect the effect of FO presence or absence on innovation facilitation and actor's configuration. The studied sample involves 592 farmers from the Kef and Siliana governorates in northwestern Tunisia. The results show that FOs are playing a crucial role in facilitating collaboration and knowledge exchange among farmers and other agricultural actors. However, their effectiveness varies depending on membership status and is always contextually influenced. While FOs contribute to reshaping sales channels and optimizing access to services, they face limitations in promoting inclusivity and equitable knowledge sharing. The recommendations include strengthening FOs' social dimension, addressing trust barriers, and investing in reinforcement measures, especially in human capital, to enhance their functionality. Strengthening measures can take many forms, such as facilitating regulation and investing in capacity building. Long-term strategies should re-evaluate the effectiveness of collective action and focus on fostering a culture of shared learning and local empowerment.

Digital learning in nursing education: lessons from the COVID-19 lockdown

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a swift transition to e-learning, significantly impacting nursing education due to its reliance on practical, hands-on experiences and the critical role nurses play in healthcare. Nursing students need to achieve high levels of clinical competence through experiences traditionally obtained in clinical settings, which e-learning had to replicate or supplement. Understanding the unique challenges faced by nursing students in e-learning environments is crucial for developing educational strategies that enhance learning outcomes and contribute to improved patient care. This study aimed to explore the experiences of nursing students and newly qualified nurses (as students) with e-learning during the COVID-19 lockdown, focusing on how it influenced their learning and professional development.MethodThis exploratory and descriptive study employed qualitative interviews with 31 participants, including full-time nursing students, part-time nursing students, and newly qualified nurses (as nursing students). Conducted online via Zoom during February and March 2022.ResultsThe findings suggest that integrating small group interactions and employing strategic pedagogical support can enhance e-learning effectiveness. However, barriers such as technological difficulties, psychological challenges, and social isolation were also identified. Understanding these unique opportunities and challenges can help educational institutions optimize e-learning strategies, ensuring nursing students are well-prepared for their crucial roles in healthcare.ConclusionThe rapid shift to e-learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic presented challenges such as technological, psychological and social aspects, but also opportunities to rethink and enhance nursing education delivery. Implementing appropriate pedagogical e-learning strategies, such as scaffolding and small group learning, can better prepare nursing students for their essential roles in healthcare. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on digital education and provides a foundation for future research aimed at optimizing e-learning in nursing education.

Production of Long Fermentation Bread with Jabuticaba Peel Flour Added: Technological and Functional Aspects and Impact on Glycemic and Insulinemic Responses.

The consumption of jabuticaba (Plinia cauliflora), a native Brazilian fruit, has shown promising results concerning some metabolic disorders. Therefore, studying it may aid in the development of products capable of preventing or delaying pathological conditions. The objective of the present study was to formulate a functional sourdough bread with the inclusion of jabuticaba peel flour (JPF) and to evaluate the effect on the postprandial response. The proximate composition of the JPF and bread, the stability of the antioxidant compounds after baking, and the functional activity in a clinical trial were carried out to develop the product and guarantee its quality. JPF increased the fiber content of the bread in comparison to the control from 1.0 g/100 g to 2.3-2.9 g/100 g. Also, the antioxidant capacity increased 1.35 to 3.53 times by adding JPF to the bread, as well as the total reducing capacity (1.56 to 2.67 times). The bread's shelf life was guaranteed for seven days. In the clinical trial, the consumption of control bread resulted in a glycemia peak at 30 min, remaining high until 45 min; for the JPF bread, we noticed a less prominent peak at 45 min and a decrease with less inflection until 180 min. The serum antioxidant capacity of the individuals increased after the 3 h. Although no statistical difference was observed between the groups in the satiety profile, JPF bread presented higher scores after 60 min. Furthermore, a lessened desire to eat other foods and hunger was observed after consuming JPF bread. The inclusion of JPF in the bread manufacturing process promoted a longer shelf life and increased nutritional quality.

Analysis on the application status and audience acceptance of virtual intelligent hosts in provincial broadcasting institutions

AI technology empowers traditional media and injects vitality into the radio and television field . In this context, provincial broadcasting organizations have entrusted virtual intelligent hosts with the important tasks of alleviating the impact of multiple media, improving program quality, and narrowing the distance between audiences. Unlike central media, provincial broadcasting organizations have limited resource advantages and platform advantages. They can only fully retain the exclusivity of provincial resources, and share major domestic and international news with CCTV . In this process, too much emphasis is placed on the technical advantages of virtual intelligent hosts themselves, while the particularity of provincial platforms is ignored. There is a lack of consideration of whether there is the ability to give full play to the many advantages of virtual intelligent hosts, or whether these advantages are necessary for provincial broadcasting organizations. This paper attempts to understand the audience's acceptance of virtual intelligent hosts through a questionnaire survey . It aims to explore the current application status of virtual intelligent hosts from the aspects of technology, resources, and audiences based on the characteristics of provincial broadcasting organizations.

Fish protein‐supplemented pasta and its technological aspects

SummaryPasta is a convenient and one of the widely consumed foods due to its affordability, convenience, and shelf‐stability. It is generally manufactured using durum wheat semolina, known for its low glycaemic index. Considering the increasing consumption of pasta in developing and underdeveloped countries and its properties as a suitable vector for nutrient fortification, efforts have been made to supplement pasta with nutrients from different sources. Fish is considered one of the important and sustainable protein sources with higher digestibility, and efforts have been made to supplement pasta with proteins from fish and seafood. The review deals with the basic composition of pasta, its production, supplementation with fish protein and the influence of protein supplementation on the quality of pasta.

English Studies from Global to Nepali Context: Critical Debates, Challenges and Possibilities

This paper aims to present an analysis of the critical debates in the area of English Studies emerged from the time of its initiation and still going on, various challenges that this discipline has undergone, and its future prospects. Based on library research method, the analysis of the relevant online and physical library materials related to English Studies has been conducted. The findings show how English Studies has undergone the critical debates like whether English is the subject of colonial domination or socially progressive project, whether it has to give privileges to literary studies or creative writing, and whether it has to adopt a single standarised form of English or world Englishes. In addition to it, it shows that despite undergoing a number of critical debates and challenges due to either the ongoing process of departmentalisation or the African abolitionist movements, English Studies has become refined, updated and interdisciplinary area of study. Proper redesign and reformulation of English courses, incorporation of local art, culture and literature, adoption of new technology and vocational aspects etcetera could make it more relevant, effective and impactful in the days to come.

Beyond Traditional Banking: Exploring the Influence of Technology on Depositors' Decision-Making in Bank Selection

Purpose: The banking sector is crucial for the economy, and with growing competition, banks must pinpoint factors influencing depositors' choices. This study aims to uncover how technology adoption by commercial banks plays a role in depositors' decisions. Methodology: A hybrid approached is attempted in this study to explore the phenomenon of interest. In the qualitative phase, focus group discussion was conducted on two heterogeneous groups, each with ten participants. The recorded audio was further transcribed using speech-to-text modules. A natural language processing tool has been used to identify words or phrases that are semantically related or have similar meanings to depositors’ sentiment analysis. The quantitative phase involved descriptive statistics, principal component analysis and regression analysis to explore insight numerically. Findings: Respondents expressed a generally positive sentiment toward technology in banking, influencing their selection decisions, in the qualitative phase. In the quantitative phase, significant technological aspects affecting depositors' post-selection evaluations are identified. Findings from both approaches converge on the same line. Practical implications: Findings of this study may aid decision-makers in banking industry to articulate distinct technological aspect implied in banking service delivery and better design service offerings to attract new depositors and gain competitive advantages. Originality/Value: This is the first study to focus solely on technology to explore how technology influences depositors' bank choices in the context of Bangladesh. Research Limitations: Significant parts of several conversations were sorted out for sentiment analysis. If it was possible to consider all relevant statements of the focus group discussion for sentiment analysis, it might convey a more pertinent sentiment score.

The Digital Twin Immersive Design Process and Its Potential Disruption to Healthcare Design through a User-Centered Approach

This applied research proposes a solution to the static government design process for Thai healthcare architecture to better serve the needs of its elderly society. In its place, a novel real-time design process, termed the Digital Twin Immersive Design Process (DT-IDP), repurposes aspects of digital twin and virtual reality technologies into a ‘unitary’ immersive design system. This system accesses ‘experiential’ user-centered data, helping enhance the design of Thai healthcare space beyond a standardized government response. This text builds a rationale for departing from the current design process by describing the formation and advantages of the DT-IDP process. To test its credibility, the DT-IDP process is used to build and compare two digital versions of an existing healthcare space. In these spaces, participants are immersed (elderly patients n = 30; nursing staff n = 5; government healthcare architects n = 5) to assess visitor experiences based on daylighting, artificial lighting, and views of nature. Following immersion, government healthcare architects are interviewed in-depth to evaluate the process’s efficacy and their willingness to adopt it. Results confirm the potential for this process to capture ‘user-centered’ insights, otherwise unobtainable without immersion. Consequently, healthcare architects express a unanimous preference for DT-IDP, acknowledging its unique capacity to bridge a market gap through an experiential component that could better assist them in creating a superior final product. Ultimately, they assert that demand for these features could have a disruptive impact to the current healthcare design process, helping to re-envisage the design of future Thai healthcare space.

How Economic Theories Shape Chemical Technology Profile

The chemical industry, a cornerstone of the global economy essential for modern life, has raised significant concerns due to its unique nature. Chemical technologies often require high energy inputs, involving ecotoxic reagents thus assessing risks from an economic standpoint becomes complex. While the economic aspects of chemical technologies have been discussed and economic tools have been used to inform investment decisions in this field, many fundamental issues remain unexplored, such as the clear definition of chemical technology economics and the reasons for its importance. The primary contribution of this article is to synthesize insights into these fundamental issues and propose pathways for future research in chemical technology economics. This review is divided into two sections: the first provides an overview of the significance of economic factors in chemical technologies, and the second explores the fundamentals of economics and their application to chemical technology considerations. Our research underscores that economic theories significantly influence the profile of chemical technologies, viewing the chemical sector as a dual asset. First, the sector has a unique opportunity to lead the way in promoting sustainable economic development, and second, it can adopt economic behaviors that align with environmental and societal needs.

Trends in the development of startup infrastructures in Ukraine, Latvia and Georgia

The article is dedicated to analyzing trends in the development of startup infrastructure in Ukraine, Latvia and Georgia. The article is based on concrete data, a comprehensive analysis of statistical and qualitative data on the development of startups in Ukraine, Latvia and Georgia. This provides a reliable basis for the arguments and conclusions. General patterns of startup infrastructure development in the three countries were identified. A PEST analysis of startup infrastructure development in Ukraine, Latvia and Georgia was conducted. Thus, the authors conduct a multidisciplinary analysis that includes not only economic, but also social and technological aspects of startup ecosystems and infrastructures. Suggestions for improving the startup infrastructure in these countries were developed.