Security Aspects Research Articles

Adoption of e-wallet in the post-pandemic era: A study on Generation X’s intention to use e-wallet

Due to the coronavirus pandemic, electronic wallets have emerged as a preferred alternative to traditional payment methods, mitigating physical touch concerns. This research aims to investigate the effects of security, health, and other determinants on the intention of Generation X’s members living in Java Island, Indonesia, to adopt electronic wallets in the post-pandemic era. Addressing the empirical gaps, this research examines how perceived ease of use may determine the attitude and intention to use electronic wallets, introducing novel considerations of security and health based on the Technology Acceptance Model. To collect the data, this research used the survey method by distributing the questionnaires. This research collected 363 valid responses. A partial least squares structural equation modeling method was used. The results confirmed that perceived ease of use and perceived compatibility positively affect perceived usefulness (p < 0.05). Perceived usefulness, security, and health aspects were found to positively affect attitude (p < 0.05). Security, perceived usefulness, and attitude were also confirmed to positively affect the intention to use electronic wallet (p < 0.05). This research further found that perceived ease of use had an insignificant effect on both attitude and intention to use electronic wallet (p > 0.05). Based on the testing of the mediating effect, this research confirmed that both security and health aspects positively affect the intention to use electronic wallet through attitude (p < 0.05). Furthermore, perceived compatibility was not found to affect intention to use electronic wallet through perceived ease of use (p > 0.05).

Outlier detection for keystroke biometric user authentication.

User authentication is a fundamental aspect of information security, requiring robust measures against identity fraud and data breaches. In the domain of keystroke dynamics research, a significant challenge lies in the reliance on imposter datasets, particularly evident in real-world scenarios where obtaining authentic imposter data is exceedingly difficult. This article presents a novel approach to keystroke dynamics-based authentication, utilizing unsupervised outlier detection techniques, notably exemplified by the histogram-based outlier score (HBOS), eliminating the necessity for imposter samples. A comprehensive evaluation, comparing HBOS with 15 alternative outlier detection methods, highlights its superior performance. This departure from traditional dependence on imposter datasets signifies a substantial advancement in keystroke dynamics research. Key innovations include the introduction of an alternative outlier detection paradigm with HBOS, increased practical applicability by reducing reliance on extensive imposter data, resolution of real-world challenges in simulating fraudulent keystrokes, and addressing critical gaps in existing authentication methodologies. Rigorous testing on Carnegie Mellon University's (CMU) keystroke biometrics dataset validates the effectiveness of the proposed approach, yielding an impressive equal error rate (EER) of 5.97%, a notable area under the ROC curve of 97.79%, and a robust accuracy (ACC) of 89.23%. This article represents a significant advancement in keystroke dynamics-based authentication, offering a reliable and efficient solution characterized by substantial improvements in accuracy and practical applicability.

The concept of developing security components based on the development of the company's logistics business processes

In the context of the ongoing digital revolution, the development of generative design, machine learning, the active use of 3D marketing in advertising, 3D printing technologies, new principles of logistics and computer-aided design systems, the business processes of the enterprise are radically changing. There is a need to deepen the orientation of business processes to the customer, and enterprises need to solve the problem of ensuring low cost of both the business processes themselves and the security components supporting them. Due to the complexity of the integration of information systems, it is necessary to create in advance a concept for the development of security components based on the development of the company's logistics business processes. Obviously, it is necessary not only to take into account the aspects of information security (IS) when improving business processes, but to consider the problem comprehensively, that is, to develop both a concept and a methodology for developing, implementing business processes, their development, and estimating the cost of IS components. It is necessary to ensure the flexibility and adaptation of the implemented business processes of the enterprise.

Economic security in the context of digitization: Approaches, trends, and threats

Subject. The article deals with theoretical aspects of economic security. Objectives. The aim is to develop an original definition of the concept of "economic security in the context of digitalization". Methods. The study draws on general scientific research methods. Results. We decomposed definitions of the concept of "economic security" presented in scientific literature, considered the impact of digitalization process on economic security. The paper determined that economic security in the context of digitalization is a condition of protection of the socio-economic system by institutions of the State and civil society, in the face of opportunities and threats, often of a digital nature. Conclusions. Currently, the role of digital platforms in economic security is increasing.

Information Security for An Information Society for Accessing Secured Information: A PRISMA Based Systematic Review

This study employs the PRISMA methodology to conduct a comprehensive review, aiming to examine the current state of information security in an information society. The study specifically focuses on the methods used to access protected information. The review consolidates findings from multiple scholarly sources, emphasizing common dangers, measures for mitigation, and optimal approaches to protecting digital information. The evaluation procedure involved conducting an extensive search across various academic databases such as Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Sciences, PubMed, and DOAJ, where a total of 105 documents were found, comprising 85 papers and 20 reports. The findings highlight the complex and diverse aspects of information security, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive approach that incorporates technological, organizational, and human components. The analysis demonstrates that although there have been notable advancements in the creation of advanced security measures, there are still obstacles to overcome, such as the emergence of new threats and the necessity for ongoing adjustment. The paper also highlights deficiencies in existing research, proposing areas for future exploration to strengthen the security position of information systems in a progressively networked world. This systematic review enhances existing knowledge by presenting a comprehensive overview of the current state of information security. It provides valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers who are committed to safeguarding sensitive information in a society driven by information.

Web 3.0 security: Backdoor attacks in federated learning-based automatic speaker verification systems in the 6G era

With the advent of Next-Generation Web 3.0 and the integration of 6G technologies, digital industrial applications are undergoing unprecedented transformations. Among these, the field of intelligent voice recognition, particularly Federated Learning-based Automatic Speaker Verification (FL-ASV) systems, stands out by collaboratively training robust ASV models across systems while protecting sensitive voiceprint data. However, the aspect of security within such systems is still largely unexplored and presents potential vulnerabilities. To bridge this gap, we design a voiceprint-driven backdoor attack for FL-ASV, termed FedCTS. Concretely, we employ contrastive learning techniques to significantly improve the feature extraction process for individual speakers. This enhancement not only maintains the inherent performance of FL-ASV systems but also introduces a level of complexity that can mislead even the most skilled defenders. Furthermore, we intricately obfuscate the triggers by subtly embedding voice and backdoor clips within the utterances. This is achieved by dividing the utterances into chronological segments through a meticulously devised time-series injection strategy, thereby ensuring the triggers remain undetectable. Additionally, we have conceptualized a unique defense mechanism tailored to counter such attacks. This defense mechanism operates by scrutinizing the speaker’s frequencies and filtering out any suspicious frequencies that fall outside the normal range of human voice, helping to mitigate the risk of backdoor attacks without compromising the system’s functionality. In the context of the fast-evolving digitalized industrial landscape, our attack strategy, FedCTS, has demonstrated a significant improvement in effectiveness. It achieves an average increase of 7.03% in the attack success rate when compared to existing state-of-the-art methods.

Maritime Security and Risk Assessments

The main topics of the presented papers focus on various aspects of maritime operations and security, including anomaly detection in maritime traffic, collision risk assessment, and the use of Automatic Identification System (AIS) data for enhancing maritime safety and surveillance. These papers cover a wide range of subjects within the maritime domain, such as trajectory clustering, kinematic behaviour analysis, Bayesian networks for risk assessment, resilience analysis of shipping networks, and the development of novel methods for detecting abnormal maritime behaviour. The emphasis is on using data-driven approaches, statistical methodologies, and advanced technologies to improve maritime operations and security.

Research on Human Computer Interaction Technology in Virtual Reality Scenes

This paper discusses the current status, challenges and development trends of human computer interaction technology in virtual reality scenarios. Virtual reality technology has gradually become a frontier field of human computer interaction research. This paper analyzes virtual reality technology and human computer interaction technology. By introducing the commonly used human computer interaction hardware equipment and software technology in current virtual reality scenarios, it reveals the actual application of human computer interaction in virtual reality environments. From the three aspects of technology, user experience, and security and privacy protection, this paper analyzes the challenges faced by human computer interaction technology in virtual reality scenarios. In the future, with the continuous advancement of technological innovation, new human-computer interaction technologies will continue to emerge, and the integration of artificial intelligence technology will further enhance the intelligence level of human-computer interaction, making the user interaction experience more natural and convenient.

Aspek Pengaturan Keamanan Nasional dalam Kerangka Demokrasi

National security serves to realise and defend the entire territory of the Republic of Indonesia. The implementation of comprehensive national security is an integral part of various aspects of the life of the nation and state, namely ideology, politics, economy, socio-culture, defence and state security. Efforts to support national development as a state goal require the regulation and management of state security. Its current arrangements continue to face challenges with concerns that its implementation violates human rights by causing a setback to democracy. This paper explores how the regulation of national security within the framework of democracy in Indonesia. The method used is narrative qualitative research with a normative legal approach. Literature study is conducted to find the meaning of the regulation of national security aspects within the framework of democracy. The source of data is through the search for relevant literature to be analysed. The findings in this paper are that Indonesia already has four important capitals that can support the regulation of national security in law while still taking into account the principles of democracy and human rights. These are the constitutional basis in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, especially on human rights; the regulation of laws relating to management and institutions in national security; institutional arrangements where there is no institutional domination or every institution is equal; and the mainstreaming of the principles of human rights and democracy in government policy-making. Current conditions and future projections of the national security situation demand national security institutional arrangements by integrating Indonesia's deterrent forces to anticipate and deal with national security disturbances. Regulations in the form of laws allow the public to participate in the formulation of the material to be regulated in accordance with the formal requirements for the formation of laws, including transparency, participation and accountability.

Achieving Secured Medical Network (SMN) through Stateless Mechanism and SkeyM in Medical-Internet of Things (M-IoT)

Medical Internet of Things (M-IoT) synchronizes medical devices in a network to provide smart healthcare monitoring to doctors and to provide an interactive model for patients. This embedded networked system gained lots of importance in the last few years. Now almost every hospital adopts M-IoT. Though it had a lot of challenges in the initial stages of implementation such as feasibility, accuracy, and autonomy, now it has bridged the flaws with the help of several researchers in this field. But still, M-IoT lags behind in security and privacy aspects due to which attackers can intrude on the network and exploit patients’ health data. By examining the various intensive security threats imposed on M-IoT a unique way of handling and transferring data over the network is proposed in this paper. From our research findings, this would resolve the data security issues in M-IoT and commence the next advancements.

The Impact of Contemporary International Wars on International Security - A Case Russia's War on Ukraine and Israel's War on Gaza

The conflict between states since the dawn of history is natural because of the existence of scruples and motives in the structure of human existence. The methods of this conflict evolve with the development of technologies, political systems and the nature of interests. Therefore, the wars directly and indirectly affect various aspects of life, especially peace and community security, regionally the internationally. This happens in particular in light of the globalization of the world and mutual relations and common interests, and the development in the means of communication and technology. Thus, distant parties suffer from the effects and consequences of wars and conflicts in other regions because relations and the need for waterways or economic aspects may be affected by conflict or wars. From here the international interest in the issue of security and peace from the countries arose. Especially the Security Council and the United Nations worked to prevent conflicts on the one hand, stop them or minimize their effects. Many conflicts and wars have erupted in the region, some of which have lasted for years, and others return in each period to arise under what justification. Many wars affected in another way on energy sources, and on the national security of countries and the interests of countries, but some countries have ambitions, strategies and rules, and this study. It deals with examples of wars that posed a threat and caused effects on the international security system, which is the Russian war - Ukrainian, and the Israeli war on Gaza in 2023. This study seeks to show the impact of contemporary wars on international security, societal stability, the development process and building a global peace and security and identifying motives and effects and ways to address them.

Juridical Analysis of Protection of the Rights of Indonesian Citizens & Ethnic Rohingya Refugees in Indonesia: A Meta-Analysis Based on Humanitarian and Security Aspects

Juridical Analysis of Protection of the Rights of Indonesian Citizens & Ethnic Rohingya Refugees in Indonesia: A Meta-Analysis Based on Humanitarian and Security Aspects

Analisis Eksplorasi Strategi Perusahaan Dalam Menghadapi Disrupsi Digital Di Era Industri 6.0: Studi Kasus Pada PT. Aneka Tambang Tbk

This qualitative research explores the strategies implemented by PT Aneka Tambang Tbk (ANTAM) in facing digital disruption in the industrial era 6.0. By using a case study approach and involving 10-15 key participants from ANTAM management, this research reveals the company's comprehensive digital transformation efforts. Data collection methods include in-depth interviews, participant observation, document analysis, and literature review. The main strategies implemented include the implementation of digital technology such as the Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, automation and robotics in mining operations; digital human resource development; transformation of organizational culture that supports innovation; as well as strategic partnerships and collaborations with technology companies, start-ups and research institutions. ANTAM also pays great attention to aspects of cyber security and data protection. The research results show that digital transformation has a positive impact on increasing operational efficiency, productivity, cost savings, work safety, new product development, as well as the competitiveness and sustainability of ANTAM's business. This research provides valuable insights for companies in the mining sector and related industries in formulating effective digital transformation strategies.

A Framework for Assessing Electricity Market Performance under Different Bidding Zone Configurations

Improper configuration of bidding zones can lead to market efficiency losses, hinder the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs), and reduce grid security. To evaluate the impact of different bidding zone configurations on market performance, we developed a multi-dimensional evaluation framework containing a series of indicators covering aspects of market efficiency, grid security, and sustainability. These indicators facilitate the comparisons among different market dispatch mechanisms. To validate the proposed framework, the reconfiguration of the Italian bidding zones has been applied to a simplified Italian grid model to compare the market performance under different bidding zone configurations. The simulation results indicate that the implemented reconfiguration has led to enhanced market efficiency and security in the Italian power system. However, the reconfiguration shows a comparatively lower reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, suggesting a weaker sustainable performance.

Perspektif Mahasiswa Terhadap Peningkatan Ketahanan Nasional Melalui Pembelian Alusista Bekas

State resilience has become a topic that is widely discussed and the state continues to try to maintain it through many strategic steps, regulations that strengthen its position and the procurement of new and used military equipment that further strengthens the state's defense position. Purchasing used defense equipment has become an increasingly attractive strategy for the Ministry of Defense to strengthen its military strength by taking advantage of its limited budget. This research aims to analyze the process of purchasing used defense equipment by the Ministry of Defense, as well as the factors that influence purchasing decisions. A case study approach is used by exploring data from various sources. The research results show that factors such as the condition of used defense equipment, reliability, military operational needs, as well as financial and information security aspects play an important role in the procurement process. Apart from that, transparency, accountability and compliance with regulations are also a focus in this process. The implication of this research is the importance of targeted policies to increase effectiveness and efficiency.

Process security methods and measurement in the context of standard management systems

Abstract The main purpose of the paper is to identify ways to establish process security in the constantly changing risk and control environment and to introduce a new model. The research is based on a literature review of process security components. Qualitative content analysis was used to establish a linkage between the certified management systems and the level of process security. Elaborations have been conducted based on the survey data of the International Standards Organisation (ISO) and served as a basis for analysis of certification types and their sectoral division in the European Union (EU) member states. A new Balanced Scorecard has been developed to cover the security pillars in the context of standard management systems and serve as a framework for process security measurement. The research paper processes the state-of-the-art issue of process security, introduces components that help to establish process security, and establishes a linkage between the level of process security and certified management systems. An analysis was based on the ISO certification information related to different management system standards. Management systems were analysed in the context of process security and corresponding process performance measures. A brief walkthrough has been prepared to demonstrate the processes behind the underlying performance measures. A new Balanced Scorecard approach has been developed that maps and covers different security aspects retrieved from and linked to different management system standards. The new Balanced Scorecard based on different security aspects of entities can be leveraged by any organisation, regardless of its size or business profile.

EU CONVERGENCE: A PATHWAY TO ECONOMIC STABILITY

In the context of global systemic transformations, economic security has become a focal point in political and economic debates. The article explores how economic convergence within the European Union (EU) contributes to strengthening regional economic security. Using an innovative approach based on cluster analysis, the study reveals economic convergence trends among EU member states, highlighting the involvement of this process in promoting economic stability and security in the era of systemic changes. Our methodology involves applying clustering techniques to an extensive set of economic indicators to assess the dynamics of economic convergence between EU countries over the last two decades. The cluster analysis carried out allowed the grouping of countries based on their similar economic characteristics, thus providing a clear picture of the progress towards convergence. The results indicate a strong trend of economic alignment within the EU, with the formation of clusters suggesting a reduction in economic discrepancies. This process of convergence not only reflects greater economic cohesion, but also contributes to the macroeconomic stabilization of the region, an important aspect for economic security in the face of global volatility and uncertainties. The analysis shows that the EU is moving towards uniformity and economic convergence, with economic clusters becoming more similar over time.

СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОЕ ЦЕЛЕПОЛАГАНИЕ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ СТРАНЫ

The substantive provisions of the consistency (complexity) of the general strategic goal of achieving food security are developed. Attention is focused on the need to transfer the tasks of improving the quality of food to a new level. It is emphasized that the solution of the complex problem of providing highquality food to the population requires the allocation of the main performers of the set targets by the levels of government. The problem of the need for calculations of regional balances of food production and consumption is actualized. It is argued that the regional aspect of food security should get its place on the upper tier of doctrinal food security in the country. The necessity of generalization at the upper level of the tier of goals within the framework of both economic and financial accessibility of food is justified. The necessity of including in the upper tier of the tree the goals of the processes of digital transformation of the organization and management system of ensuring food security of the country is highlighted.

Empirical Assessment of the Efficiency of Poland’s Energy Transition Process in the Context of Implementing the European Union’s Energy Policy

This article addresses one of the contemporary economy’s most challenging endeavors: the energy transition. Specifically, the aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of Poland’s energy transition process between 2004 and 2021. A comprehensive approach is employed to analyze Poland’s energy transition process, focusing on the effectiveness of implementation through the Energy Transition Effectiveness Index. This methodology incorporates four dimensions, namely energy security, economic considerations, climate impact, and social aspects, each characterized by 22 sub-indices. The research methodology employs a two-tiered approach based on the multi-criteria decision making methodology. The EDAS method is utilized to determine the indices’ values, while the CRITIC, equal weights, and statistical variance methods and Laplace’s criterion are employed to ascertain sub-indices values and dimension weights, particularly useful for decision making under uncertainty. Moreover, the relationship between these indices, the Energy Transition Effectiveness Index, and Poland’s Gross Domestic Product is explored. By evaluating Poland’s energy transition effectiveness from 2004 to 2021 and comparing the results with other European Union countries, it becomes evident that the effectiveness varies over time. Despite encountering economic and social challenges during the energy sector’s transformation, Poland exhibits positive progress in its energy transition efforts, outperforming certain European Union counterparts. However, there is a pressing need to intensify efforts to curtail emissions and enhance renewable energy utilization. The European Union’s support and coordination are deemed crucial in facilitating these endeavors, alongside fostering the wider adoption of best practices among member states. The developed methodology stands as a valuable tool for ongoing evaluation of transformation processes across European Union nations.

Security and Trust in the 6G Era: Risks and Mitigations

The ubiquitous diffusion of connected devices in every context of the daily life of citizens, public bodies, and companies is stimulating the creation of new applications that require very high wireless communication performances. To fulfill this need, the sixth generation of communication standards (6G) is planned to roll out by 2030. While structuring this new standard, it is crucial to take into account the security aspects given the impact of the technologies that will rely on its reliability and resiliency. In this paper, we provide an overview of the technologies that will be used in 6G to achieve the required functional goals for the development of key applications. Then, we proceed to discuss the threats and the solutions to make the communications infrastructure secure and reliable, and finally, we elaborate on the concept of how to achieve trust in this scenario.