Asiatica Extract Research Articles

Centella asiatica extract normalizes GABAergic transmission in the rats amygdala and attenuates ethanol withdrawal anxiety like behavior associated with ethanol abstinence

Centella asiatica extract normalizes GABAergic transmission in the rats amygdala and attenuates ethanol withdrawal anxiety like behavior associated with ethanol abstinence

주름개선 자외선 차단효과를 갖는 다기능성 천연 자외선 차단제(BHC-S) 개발

This study was carried out to develop a stable plant-derived natural sunscreen (BHC-S) that replaces the artificially synthesized organic sunscreen agents. The natural sunscreen (BHC-S), which is composed of peanut extract, Centella asiatica extract, and Ecklonia stolonifera extract, has the same level of ultraviolet shielding effect as PARSOL MCX-XR (OMC), which is a synthetic sunscreen. and has safety against skin. MultiFunctional effect such as and anti- wrinkle improvement. Thus, it can be used as raw material for natural cosmetics for ultraviolet ray blocking, and anti-aging

Phytochemical screening and In-vitro antioxidant activity of <em>Centella asiatica</em> extracts

<p><em>Centella asiatica</em> also known as <em>mandukparni </em>or Indian pennywort or <em>jalbrahmi</em>, which has been used as a medicine in the Ayurveda from ancient times and mentioned in many classical texts of Ayurveda. <em>Centella asiatica</em> has long been used to improve memory and cognitive function.</p><p>The study aimed to identify the phytochemicals present in different solvent extracts of <em>Centella asiatica </em>(i.e. PECA- Petroleum ether extract of <em>C. asiatica, </em>CCA- Chloroform extract of <em>C. asiatica, </em>EACA- Ethyl acetate extract of <em>C. asiatica,</em> ECA- Ethanolic extract of <em>C. asiatica, </em>HACA- Hydro-alcoholic extract of <em>C. asiatica</em>)<em> </em>and evaluate the respective in-vitro antioxidant potentials. <em></em></p><p>The phytochemical screening of extracts was done with standardized procedures and the antioxidant potential of different solvent extracts of <em>Centella asiatica</em> was assessed by its free radical scavenging activity 2, 2-diphenyl -1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as well as hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay respectively for reducing capability.</p><p>In all different solvent extracts of <em>C. asiatica</em> revealed excellent free radical scavenging activity as revealed by 2-2- diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay with EC<sub>50</sub> values for ECA=128.752±1.85 μg/ml, HACA=274.884±1.21 μg/ml and hydrogen peroxide assay against the standard (Butylated hydroxytoluene) BHT, with the EC<sub>50</sub> values ECA=429.69±0.92 μg/ml HACA=458.08±0.58 μg/ml while rest solvent extracts shown very less antioxidant activity.</p><p> The present study indicates that the <em>Centella asiatica</em> extracts have good antioxidant activity which can be used in stress and anxiety and also a good source to be used as natural drugs.</p>

Centella asiatica - Phytochemistry and mechanisms of neuroprotection and cognitive enhancement.

This review describes in detail the phytochemistry and neurological effects of the medicinal herb Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. C. asiatica is a small perennial plant that grows in moist, tropical and sub-tropical regions throughout the world. Phytochemicals identified from C. asiatica to date include isoprenoids (sesquiterpenes, plant sterols, pentacyclic triterpenoids and saponins) and phenylpropanoid derivatives (eugenol derivatives, caffeoylquinic acids, and flavonoids). Contemporary methods for fingerprinting and characterization of compounds in C. asiatica extracts include liquid chromatography and/or ion mobility spectrometry in conjunction with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Multiple studies in rodent models, and a limited number of human studies support C. asiatica's traditional reputation as a cognitive enhancer, as well as its anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects. Neuroprotective effects of C.asiatica are seen in several in vitro models, for example against beta amyloid toxicity, and appear to be associated with increased mitochondrial activity, improved antioxidant status, and/or inhibition of the pro-inflammatory enzyme, phospholipase A2. Neurotropic effects of C. asiatica include increased dendritic arborization and synaptogenesis, and may be due to modulations of signal transduction pathways such as ERK1/2 and Akt. Many of these neurotropic and neuroprotective properties of C.asiatica have been associated with the triterpene compounds asiatic acid, asiaticoside and madecassoside. More recently, caffeoylquinic acids are emerging as a second important group of active compounds in C. asiatica, with the potential of enhancing the Nrf2-antioxidant response pathway. The absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of the triterpenes, caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids found in C. asiatica have been studied in humans and animal models, and the compounds or their metabolites found in the brain. This review highlights the remarkable potential for C. asiatica extracts and derivatives to be used in the treatment of neurological conditions, and considers the further research needed to actualize this possibility.

The 24-hour skin hydration and barrier function effects of a hyaluronic 1%, glycerin 5%, and Centella asiatica stem cells extract moisturizing fluid: an intra-subject, randomized, assessor-blinded study.

IntroductionMoisturizing products are commonly used to improve hydration in skin dryness conditions. However, some topical hydrating products could have negative effects on skin barrier function. In addition, hydrating effects of moisturizers are not commonly evaluated up to 24 hours after a single application. Hyaluronic acid (HA) and glycerin are very well-known substances able to improve skin hydration. Centella asiatica extract (CAE) could exert lenitive, anti-inflammatory and reepithelialization actions. Furthermore, CAE could inhibit hyaluronidase enzyme activity, therefore prolonging the effect of HA. A fluid containing HA 1%, glycerin 5% and stem cells CAE has been recently developed (Jaluronius CS [JCS] fluid).Study aimTo evaluate and compare the 24-hour effects of JCS fluid on skin hydration and on transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in healthy subjects in comparison with the control site.Subjects and methodsTwenty healthy women, mean age 40 years, were enrolled in an intra-subject (right vs left), randomized, assessor-blinded, controlled, 1-day trial. The primary end points were the skin hydration and TEWL, evaluated at the volar surface of the forearm and in standardized conditions (temperature- and humidity-controlled room: 23°C and 30% of humidity) using a corneometer and a vapometer device at baseline, 1, 8 and 24 hours after JCS fluid application. Measurements were performed by an operator blinded for the treatments.ResultsSkin hydration after 24 hours was significantly higher (P=0.001; Mann–Whitney U test) in the JCS-treated area in comparison with the control site. JCS induced a significant (P=0.0001) increase in skin hydration at each evaluation time (+59% after 1 hour, +48% after 8 hours and +29% after 24 hours) in comparison with both baseline (P=0.0001) and non-treated control site (P=0.001). TEWL after 24 hours was significantly lower (P=0.049; Mann–Whitney U test) in the JCS-treated area in comparison with the control site (13±4 arbitrary units [AU] vs 16±6 AU). JCS fluid significantly reduced post-stripping TEWL in comparison with baseline after 1, 8 and 24 hours (−52%, −32% and −48%, respectively). In the control site, TEWL was not reduced in comparison with baseline values at each time point’s evaluation.ConclusionA single application of JCS significantly improves skin hydration for up to 24 hours at the same time as improving skin barrier function.

Protective effect of Berberis asiatica root on biochemical and histopathological changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats

Background: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Berberis asiatica root extract (BAE) against streptozotocin induced elevated blood glucose level and other liver and kidney functions changes in adult male Wistar rats.Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of six rats in each (Groups I-V). Group I and Group II served as normal control and disease control, respectively. Group III received standard anti-diabetic drug glibenclamide (5mg/kg), while Group IV and Group V received the low dose (250mg/kg) and high dose (500mg/kg) of BAE. Serum blood glucose, SGOT, SGPT, ALP, total bilirubin, BUN, serum creatinine, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, and VLDL-C were estimated using standard methods. After collection of samples for biochemical evaluation, the pancreas from each animal was isolated and examined for histological changes.Results: BAE and glibenclamide treated disease rats showed significant (p <0.05) decrease in blood glucose concentration. Treatment with BAE at 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg in Group IV and V and standard drug glibenclamide in Group III showed significant (p <0.05) reduction in the level of liver function substances such as SGOT, SGPT, ALP and total bilirubin as compared to disease group, as well as showed significant (p <0.05) decrease in renal panel. Liver function parameters were significantly (p <0.05) improved in groups treated with BAE. Histopathological analysis revealed the protective effect of BAE against streptozotocin induced damage to islets of Langerhans.Conclusions: This study showed the destruction of islets of Langerhans and elevation in blood glucose level as well as alteration in other biochemical parameters were ameliorated by the effect of Berberis asiatica extract.

Development of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for Asiaticoside Quantification in Different Skin Layers after Topical Application of a Centella asiatica Extract.

The topical application of Centella asiatica extract has been commonly used for many different purposes but especially for cosmetic use in the treatment of gynoid lipodystrophy. Asiaticoside, the most active component in this extract, is responsible for its therapeutic activities. However, little is known to date about asiaticoside skin penetration. Thus, an analytical method for asiaticoside quantification in different skin layers after the topical application of C. asiatica extract was developed and skin permeation studies were performed with the plant extract to apply the analytical method developed. An extraction procedure to recover asiaticoside from the biological matrix was also developed. Asiaticoside was assayed by HPLC/UV (high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection) using a gradient of ACN (acetonitrile) and 0.2% phosphoric acid (flow rate of 1.0 mL/min). The analytical procedure was validated according to U. S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Selectivity was shown, as endogenous skin components did not interfere with the asiaticoside peak. Analytical curve was linear (3 to 60 µg/mL) and the lower limit of quantification was determined (3 µg/mL). Asiaticoside recoveries from skin samples were 95.1% and 66.7% for the stratum corneum and remaining skin, respectively. After 48 h of in vitro permeation studies, a substantial amount of asiaticoside was quantified in the skin layers. The presence of asiaticoside was also detected in the receptor solution of Franz diffusion cells after 48 h (5.81 ± 1.00 µg/mL). The method was reliable and reproducible for asiaticoside quantification in skin samples, thereby making it possible to determine the cutaneous penetration profile of this drug in permeation studies.

Protective effects of ethanol extracts of Artemisia asiatica Nakai ex Pamp. on ageing-induced deterioration in mouse oocyte quality.

Following ovulation, oocytes undergo a time-dependent deterioration in quality referred to as post-ovulatory ageing. Although various factors influence the post-ovulatory ageing of oocytes, oxidative stress is a key factor involved in deterioration of oocyte quality. Artemisia asiatica Nakai ex Pamp. has been widely used in East Asia as a food ingredient and traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammation, cancer, and microbial infections. Recent studies have shown that A. asiatica exhibits antioxidative effects. In this study, we investigated whether A. asiatica has the potential to attenuate deterioration in oocyte quality during post-ovulatory ageing. Freshly ovulated mouse oocytes were cultured with 0, 50, 100 or 200 μg/ml ethanol extracts of A. asiatica Nakai ex Pamp. After culture for up to 24 h, various ageing-induced oocyte abnormalities, including morphological changes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, apoptosis, chromosome and spindle defects, and mitochondrial aggregation were determined. Treatment of oocytes with A. asiatica extracts reduced ageing-induced morphological changes. Moreover, A. asiatica extracts decreased ROS generation and the onset of apoptosis by preventing elevation of the Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio during post-ovulatory ageing. Furthermore, A. asiatica extracts attenuated the ageing-induced abnormalities including spindle defects, chromosome misalignment and mitochondrial aggregation. Our results demonstrate that A. asiatica can relieve deterioration in oocyte quality and delay the onset of apoptosis during post-ovulatory ageing.

Achillea asiatica extract and its active compounds induce cutaneous wound healing

Ethnopharmacological relevanceAchillea asiatica Serg. is a perennial herb belonging to the Asteraceae family that has long been traditionally used to treat acute intestinal and stomach inflammation, persistent fever, ulcers, wounds, and rheumatism. Aim of the studyWe investigated the effect of A. asiatica extract (AAE) on cutaneous wound healing. Materials and methodsTo assess the effect of AAE on wounds, an incisional Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model was topically treated with AAE for 2 weeks. HaCaT keratinocytes, Hs68 dermal fibroblasts, and RAW 264.7 macrophages were used for in vitro experiments. After treatment with AAE, cell viability, cell migration, and production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were investigated. mRNA expression of collagen type I and III and inflammatory cytokines was measured by RT-PCR. The effect of AAE on activation of β-catenin and other markers was determined by Western blot analysis. ResultsAAE treatment significantly increased epithelialization and accelerated wound healing in SD rats. Meanwhile, AAE and its active compounds reduced NO and PGE2 release and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 macrophages, reflecting anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, AAE and its constituents stimulated collagen expression in Hs68 fibroblasts by activating transforming growth factor-β and stimulated keratinocyte differentiation and motility by inducing β-catenin, Akt, and keratinocyte differentiation markers. ConclusionsAAE improves skin wounds in SD rats and supports keratinocyte development.

채진목 에탄올 추출물의 항염증 효과 검증

This study investigated the anti-inflammatory activities and cell viability of Amelanchier asiatica (A. asiatica) 70% ethanol extracts against RAW 264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cell toxicity test on macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) was performed by 3-[4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay and results showed 96% cell viability at 1,000 μg/mL concentration. Anti-inflammatory activity was examined via the inhibitory tests on the production of LPS induced NO in RAW 264.7 cells by Griess assay. The result showed that the extract inhibited NO production in concentration dependent manner. The iNOS and COX-2 protein expression inhibitory effects were confirmed by western blot and by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). From the former they were decreased by 84.3%, 56.2% at 500 μg/mL concentration, respectively, and from the latter decreased by 89.8%, 84.9% at 500 μg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, this study showed the anti-inflammatory effects of A. asiatica extracts. Thus, this could be applied to an anti-inflammatory agent.

Eupatilin exerts neuroprotective effects in mice with transient focal cerebral ischemia by reducing microglial activation

Microglial activation and its-driven neuroinflammation are characteristic pathogenetic features of neurodiseases, including focal cerebral ischemia. The Artemisia asiatica (Asteraceae) extract and its active component, eupatilin, are well-known to reduce inflammatory responses. But the therapeutic potential of eupatilin against focal cerebral ischemia is not known, along with its anti-inflammatory activities on activated microglia. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of eupatilin on focal cerebral ischemia through its anti-inflammation, particularly on activated microglia, employing a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (tMCAO), combined with lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglia. Eupatilin exerted anti-inflammatory responses in activated BV2 microglia, in which it reduced secretion of well-known inflammatory markers, including nitrite, IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE2, in a concentration-dependent manner. These observed in vitro effects of eupatilin led to in vivo neuroprotection against focal cerebral ischemia. Oral administration of eupatilin (10 mg/kg) in a therapeutic paradigm significantly reduced brain infarction and improved neurological functions in tMCAO-challenged mice. The same benefit was also observed when eupatilin was given even within 5 hours after MCAO induction. In addition, the neuroprotective effects of a single administration of eupatilin (10 mg/kg) immediately after tMCAO challenge persisted up to 3 days after tMCAO. Eupatilin administration reduced the number of Iba1-immunopositive cells across ischemic brain and induced their morphological changes from amoeboid into ramified in the ischemic core, which was accompanied with reduced microglial proliferation in ischemic brain. Eupatilin suppressed NF-κB signaling activities in ischemic brain by reducing IKKα/β phosphorylation, IκBα phosphorylation, and IκBα degradation. Overall, these data indicate that eupatilin is a neuroprotective agent against focal cerebral ischemia through the reduction of microglial activation.

Characterization of Nanoencapsulated Centella asiatica and Zingiber officinale Extract Using Combination of Malto Dextrin and Gum Arabic as Matrix

This research investigated nanoencapsulation of Centella asiatica and Zingiber officinale extract. The encapsulated extract was used as a complex matrix of multi-layered interfacial membranes between malto dextrin and gum Arabic. Characterization of nanoencapsulation using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and BET surface area (SA) showed the morphology, functional group and cumulative adsorption in the surface area of pores. The TEM image of the nanoencapsulated powders of Centella asiatica and Zingiber officinale extract showed a nearly spherical shape with the particle size of 664 nm from its average radius.

Spade Leaf Extract Phytosome Modulates Krox-20, Neuregulinـ1, Phospholipids, and Cognitive Function of Traumatic Brain Injury Model in Rats

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a disorder of the central nervous system due to head trauma. TBI can damage nerve membrane phospholipids and decrease protein synthesis of neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) because of the transcription factor Krox-20. These conditions cause the lowering in nerve re-myelination which contribute to the decline of cognitive function. In Indonesia, citicoline is a neuroprotective drug that widely used to repair and prevent further damage of the nerve cells membrane caused by trauma. Spade leaf (Centella asiatica) extract phytosome (SEP) is a model of drug delivery system which expected to enhance the therapeutic effects as neuroprotective drug. This study aims to demonstrate and compare the effectiveness from SEP and citicoline as a neuroprotective characterized by increasing the activation of Krox-20, the expression of NRG-1, the distribution of phospholipids, and the improvement of cognitive levels on TBI-induced rats. Rats were divided into 5 groups namely: control (-); control (+); treatment with SEP 90mg/kgBW; citicoline 250mg/kgBW, and SEP in combination with citicoline. Krox-20, NRG-1, and phospholipids expression were measured by immunohistochemical assay, while cognitive function were assessed with the Morris Water Maze test. According to ANOVA test results, it was showed that SEP improved the nerve cells through the activation of Krox-20, NRG-1 expression, and distribution of phospholipids significantly (p <0.05). Based on Morris Water Maze test, SEP also improved the cognitive function in TBI-induced rats. Thus, it can be concluded that spade leaf extract phytosome combined with citicoline increase a higher phospholipids distribution and give the fastest time in the cognitive tests compared with of spade leaf extract phytosome and citicoline alone.Keywords : NRG-1, Krox-20, phospholipids, phytosome, Centella asiatica.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Mentha asiatica (Mint) Extract and Evaluation of their Antimicrobial Potential

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Mentha asiatica (Mint) Extract and Evaluation of their Antimicrobial Potential

In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil from the Fruits of Toddalia asiatica (L) Lam. (Rutaceae)

This study was aimed at evaluating the antibacterial prospective of essential oil (EO) extracted from Toddalia asiatica L. against four pathogenic bacteria. The essential oil was steam-distilled using a modified Clevenger-type apparatus and its chemical composition established by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Disc diffusion method was used to assess the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil against the test pathogens while tube dilution method was used for the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of the EO on the test bacteria. The highest activity of the EO was observed against E. coli where a mean inhibition zone of 34.00 mm was recorded at a concentration of 100% followed by B. cereus where a mean inhibition zone of 32.33 mm was recorded at an oil concentration of 50%. The minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations of the EO on the test pathogens were in the range of 3.13 12.25% and 12.25 >50%, respectively. When compared to tetracycline which was used as the standard, crude essential oil of T. asiatica had significantly higher activity in three out of four studied bacterial strains. These findings justify the continued use of T. asiatica extracts in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of bacterial-based infections.

Comparative effects of aqueous single-phase and oil-water two-phase mouthrinses containing bamboo salt, magnolia bark andCentella asiaticaextracts on reducing gingivitis: a randomized clinical trial

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the antiplaque and antigingivitis effectiveness of aque ous single-phase and oil-water two-phase mouthrinses, containing bamboo salt, magnolia bark, and Centella asiatica extracts, in Korean adults. Methods: In this double-blinded clinical trial, a total of thirty-four participants aged over 19 years were randomly allocated to three experimental groups: 1) control group; 2) aqueous single-phase mouthrinse (ASM) group, and; 3) oil-water two-phase mouthrinse (OTM) group. The experimental mouthrinses all contained sodium fluoride, and the ASM and OTM contained additional ingredients of bamboo salt, magnolia bark, and Centella asiatica extracts. For the OTM, 50% essential oil was added to create an oil-water two-phase mouthrinse. A two-week randomized crossover design with a two-week washout period was applied. Following a complete dental prophylaxis, participants were instructed to use the prescribed mouthrinse twice daily for two weeks as an adjunct to their usual mechanical oral hygiene procedures. Pre- and post-experiment clinical examinations were performed to measure the plaque index (PI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) for the full mouth. Paired t-test was applied to compare the intergroup differences for all clinical variables. Results: Compared to the control group, ASM showed a significantly reduced BOP (P<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the effects of the three mouthrinses on reducing the PI. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the use of an aqueous, single-phase mouthrinse containing bamboo salt, magnolia bark and Centella asiatica extracts could help alleviate gingivitis.

Photo-Protective Effect of Biofield Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;®&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;) Treatment Based Herbomineral Formulation Against Various Skin Health Parameters

The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of Biofield Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect^®) based herbomineral formulation on various skin health parameters. The test formulation consisted of minerals (zinc, selenate, and molybdenum), L-ascorbic acid, along with Centella asiatica extract, and tetrahydrocurcumin (THC). The test formulation and DMEM were divided into two parts, one part of each was treated with the Biofield Energy Treatment by Aksana Hancharuk and denoted as treated group, while other part was coded as the untreated groups. Skin parameters against various cell lines such as HFF-1, HaCaT and B16-F10 were examined with the combination of Biofield Treated (BT) and untreated test formulation (UT) with DMEM. MTT assay result showed that the test formulation was found to be safe and nontoxic at tested concentrations. Human fibroblast cell proliferation using BrdU method showed a significant increased cell proliferation by 91.51% and 201.14% in different Biofield Energy Treated groups. UT-DMEM + BT-Test formulation group showed an increased level of collagen by 64.58% (2.5 µg/mL) and 55.55% (1.25 µg/mL), respectively compared with the untreated group. Similarly, elastin synthesis was increased in UT-DMEM + BT-Test formulation group by 21.96% and 11.42% at concentration 10 and 5 µg/mL, respectively compared to the untreated group. However, hyaluronic acid level was increased by 14.02% and 6.57% at concentrations 1.25 and 0.625 µg/mL, respectively in BT-DMEM + BT-Test formulation group compared with the untreated group. Moreover, inhibition of melanin synthesis was observed by 12.95% and 17.86% (0.125 µg/mL) in UT-DMEM + BT-Test formulation and BT-DMEM + UT-Test formulation groups, respectively compared with the untreated group in B16-F10 melanoma cell line. Anti-wrinkling activity in HFF-1 cells showed a notable cell viability in all the groups at various concentrations, i.e. in UT-DMEM + BT-Test formulation, BT-DMEM + UT-Test formulation, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test formulation group by 15.68%, 36.47%, and 29.64%, respectively at 2.5 µg/mL compared with the untreated group. The significant wound healing activity was reported in scratch assay in HFF-1 and HaCaT cells due to the significantly higher cellular migration of fibroblast and keratinocytes. Therefore, Biofield Energy Treatment (The Trivedi Effect^®) based test formulation and cell medium might be a suitable approach for the development for herbal cosmetics and formulations as anti-wrinkling, skin-whitening, anti-ageing, and rejuvenating action. It can improve the overall skin health care against many skin disorders such as Eczema, diaper rash, seborrheic dermatitis, chickenpox, measles, warts, acne, hives, ringworm, Rosacea, psoriasis, skin cancer, etc.

UHPLC-MS/MS determination and pharmacokinetic study of plantamajoside in rat plasma after oral administration of single plantamajoside and Plantago asiatica extract.

A sensitive and reliable ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for quantitation of plantamajoside in rat plasma. First, this study compared the pharmacokinetic properties of plantamajoside after oral administration of Plantago asiatica extract and pure plantamajoside in rat plasma with approximately the same dosage of 8.98 mg/kg. Second, chromatographic separation was performed on an Acquity HSS C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, p.d.1.7 μm) with isocratic elution using methanol-water (80:20, v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 0.1-100 ng/mL for plantamajoside. At different time points (0, 0.083, 0.167, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 h) after administration, the concentrations of plantamajoside in plasma were measured and the main pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated. The study indicates that the pharmacokinetics of plantamajoside in rat plasma have significant differences between two groups.

Effect of aqueous extracts of some indigenous medicinal plants on sheath blight of rice

Aqueous extract of some indigenous plant parts were evaluated for its efficacy to control sheath blight of rice. Six treatments were applied, viz. T1- control (water spray), T2- Tulsi (Ocientific tenuiflorum) extract (1:10), T3- Nishinda (Vitex negundu) extract (1:10), T4- Thankuni (Centella asiatica) extracts (1:10), T5- Biskatali (Polygonum hydropiper) extract (1:10) and T6- Proud (Propiconazole @ 0.2%) as a positive control. Effect of these plant extracts on percent tiller infection and percent relative lesion height of sheath blight of rice cultivar BRRI dhan 49 was determined at 55, 75 and 95 day after transplanting (DAT). Number of infected tillers per hill differed significantly among the different treatments. The highest number of infected tillers was observed in control treatment. The lowest and statistically similar number of infected tillers was found in fungicide, Proud (Propiconazole)- and Biskatali- treated plots. Reduced number of infected tillers was observed in Tulsi, Thankuni and Nishinda. Highest percent tiller infection was recorded in control and lowest percent tiller infection was recorded in Proud and Biskatali, which were statistically similar. Nishinda, Tulsi and Thankuni had reduced tiller infection in compare to control. Percent reduction of tiller infection over control was achieved by proud followed by Biskatali. The highest lesion height was observed in control and lowest lesion height was found in Proud followed by Biskatali. The highest percent relative lesion height was recorded in control followed by Thankuni. The lowest percent relative lesion height was recorded in Proud preceded by Biskatali. Highest percent reduction of relative lesion height over control was achieved by proud followed by Biskatali. Thus, plant extracts of Biskatali, Tulsi, Nishinda and Thankuni are effective to control sheath blight of rice. Among the plant extracts, Biskatali showed highest control of sheath blight disease of rice.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(1): 7-12, June 2016

In vitro and In vivo Antioxidant, Anti-hyperlipidemic Properties and Chemical Characterization of Centella asiatica (L.) Extract.

The study aimed to identify the phenolic compounds present in Centella asiatica (L.) (C. asiatica) extract and evaluate the respective antioxidant potential as well as its cholesterol-lowering effects in the experimental animal model. Herein, the antioxidant potential of extracts was assessed by its free radical scavenging activity such as 2, 2-diphenyl -1- picrylhydrazyl as well as reducing capability. The anti-hyperlipidemic effects of C. asiatica extract (CAE) were evaluated in high cholesterol-fed (HCF) rats for 4 weeks, where different concentrations of extracts (0.25, 0.5, and 1 g/kg/day) were orally administrated daily. Lipid and antioxidant profiles, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), together with the indices of hepatic functions were also examined. C. asiatica revealed excellent free radical scavenging activity as revealed by 2-2- diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, with the IC50 values (9.62 ± 0.88 μg/mL). Furthermore, C. asiatica extracts and fenofibrate remarkably lowered the level of TC, TG, LDL-C, and showed elevated levels of HDL-C, SOD. The histopathological observations further demonstrated clear differentiation and structural changes in liver of HCF and CAE treated group. Furthermore, gulonic acid, ferulic acid, kaempferol, chlorogenic acid, and asiatic acid were identified to be the major components which might be responsible for the antioxidant activity of the C. asiatica extract as evidenced from an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometer. Taken together, these results signifies the excellent antioxidant and anti-hyperlipidemic properties of C. asiatica leaf extracts, which might be useful for the treatment of oxidative-stress related diseases such as hyperlipidemia.