ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint Research Articles

IUS Constituendum Of Cross-Border Insolvency Regulation In Asean (Analysis Of The Uncitral Model Law On Cross-Border Insolvency And The European Union Regulation On Insolvency Proceedings)

Currently, ASEAN has an economic integration program that is stated in the ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint. As is well known, the European Union is the only regional organization that has succeeded in creating economic integration in its region supported by a unified law. One of the legal unification that needs to be initiated by ASEAN in supporting its economic integration is cross-border insolvency regulation. Some international legal instruments that can be a reference for the establishment of the ASEAN Cross-border Insolvency Regulation include the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency and EU Regulation 848/2015 on Insolvency Proceedings. However, the comparison between ASEAN and the EU is not equivalent. ASEAN is a regional organization that is intergovernmental in nature, while the EU is a regional organization that is supranational in nature. Therefore, the comparative approach and statute approach are the right approaches in this article's writing. As for the research method used in this article writing is normative research. The objectives of this article are to describe the legal personality of ASEAN and the European Union in relation to the establishment of cross-border insolvency regulation and provide an overview of the substance of the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency and EU Regulation 848/2015 to provide a reference for ASEAN to from cross-border insolvency regulation.

Peta Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Pada Negara ASEAN-6 (2012-2020) Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah

This study aims to map how economic growth has occurred in ASEAN-6 countries during 2012-2020 and how economic growth has been from an Islamic economic perspective. In answering this, the researcher used a mixed-method research design with secondary data sources and literature reviews. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the economic growth map of ASEA countries, seen from the highest Gross Domestic Product (GDP), namely Indonesia ranks first, followed by Thailand, the Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia and Vietnam. Data on the development of economic growth shows that Thailand was the country with the highest economic growth in 2012 followed by the Philippines, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. Islamic economics has a view of economic growth that does not only pay attention to production factors but economic equity. Agreements in the economic field carried out by ASEAN countries gave birth to an agreement called the "ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint (AEC)". Through this, ASEAN countries have shown concern for the equality of the people's economy with the principle of economic growth based on Islamic economics.

Analisis Peran Indonesia Dalam Implementasi Human Rights Due Diligence (HRDD) Sesuai Visi Asean Economic Community Blueprint 2025

This research was conducted to find out and analyze what roles have been carried out by the Indonesian government in the process of implementing Human Rights Due Diligence in accordance with the vision contained in the ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint 2025. This research was conducted using descriptive analysis method to observe data relevant to the HRDD implementation process conducted by Indonesia. The implementation by the Indonesian government itself is based on the Guidelines on Business and Human Rights recommended by the United Nations. The results of the research found that the implementation of HRDD in Indonesia is carried out in accordance with the 3 pillars in the UNGPs 2011 and also the vision of humanity in the ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint 2025.

ELIMINATION OF NON-TARIFF BARRIERS OF TRADE IN GOODS IN THE ASEAN REGION: WILL IT EVER WORK?

Within the framework of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), there is a mandate to promote trade liberalization with the aim of increasing intra-ASEAN trade. The realization of the AEC includes the existence of the free flow of goods, services and investments within the ASEAN region. In terms of trade in goods, the regulations within the AEC framework are intended to promote the establishment of single markets and production bases in the ASEAN region that does not only require the elimination of tariff barriers, but also non-tariff barriers. This article conclude that the NTB Regulations in the AEC 2015 are not very well implemented proven by the increase amount of NTMs imposed by ASEAN countries. It was found that several initiatives have been formulated in the AEC Blueprint 2025 in order to further eliminate non-tarrif barriers.

Rethinking free skilled labour migration policies in CLMV countries: a qualitative systematic review

PurposeThere is an ongoing debate in the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) Blueprint 2015 concerning the skilled labour migration policy regimes. This review aims to systematise the free flow of skilled labour migration policies in Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar and Vietnam (CLMV) countries.Design/methodology/approachThis review utilised a qualitative systematic in peer-reviewed journals for the period 2015–2019. The initial search identified 28,874 articles. Of those articles, 10,612 articles were screened, 738 articles were checked, 150 articles were selected and 18 articles met the criteria. Data were analysed using thematic synthesis (e.g. coding, categorisation, synthesis and summarisation).FindingsThe review suggested that free movement from CLMV countries is the cause of the mass exodus of unskilled migration to high-income countries. The review found that the free flow of migration policy in the AEC Blueprint 2015 is associated with illegal, unauthorised and unskilled workers in the host country.Research limitations/implicationsA systematic review is qualitative in nature, in which the relevant existing literature lacks some empirical studies, and the results must be generalisable.Practical implicationsThe current systematic review provides a visual diagram for practical implications to isolate undocumented, illegal, unpermitted and unskilled migrant workers and further reduce the mass exodus of migration from CLMV countries.Originality/valueTo the authors' knowledge, this is the first review to extend the literature to the macro-level determinants of free flow of skilled labour migration policies in CLMV countries. The present review seeks to inform the policy responses of moving freely between sending and receiving countries.

PERLINDUNGAN KONSTITUSIONAL BAGI PEKERJA INDONESIA MENURUT HUKUM KETENAGAKERJAAN PADA ERA MASYARAKAT EKONOMI ASEAN (MEA)

At the end of 2015 the Asean Economic Community agreement came into effect which means that there will be a single ASEAN market and production base that has five basic elements, namely a) free flow of goods, b) free flow of services services), c) free flow of investment, d) free flow of capital, and e) free flow of skilled labor. In addition to the five basic elements, the single market and production base must also contain two important components, namely priority integration sectors (PIS) and the development of the food, agriculture and forestry sectors. In terms of the free flow of labor, not all workers can compete, the ASEAN economic community limits only to skilled workers. Through the 2015 ASEAN economic community, there will be job opportunities throughout ASEAN. Job seekers can easily enter and exit from one country to another without any obstacles from the recipient country. However, the ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint limits only to skilled labor and there is no discussion about unskilled labor. In an effort to support the transfer of skilled workers, all ASEAN member countries signed an MRA (Mutual Recognition Arrangement) on November 19, 2007 consisting of 8 MRAs, including engineering services, architectural services, nurse services ( nursing services), medical practitioners, dental practitioners, accountants services, surveying services, and tourism professionals. So it is feared that Indonesian workers do not compete with foreign workers

The ASEAN WITHOUT A CUSTOMS UNION OR A SINGLE MARKET CONSEQUENCES OF THE ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY BLUEPRINT 2025

Abstract
 In the ASEAN Economic Community blueprint 2015 the term “single market” was used as a goal of economic community. Theoretically, single market is a level of economic integration after customs union. Under that blueprint, customs union could have a chance to be established as a necessary prerequisite for single market. However, the new blueprint 2025 does not adopt single market concept anymore. Different terms have been introduced namely “integrated and cohesive economy” and “unified market”. This article aims at assessing economic integration concept adopted in the ASEAN Economic Community blueprint by utilizing content analysis. It will review the change of concept by employing economic integration theory in order to indicate the direction of economic community goal. The finding is that the change of terms reflects the change of concept. As a result, ASEAN Economic Community will have a different direction in pursuing economic integration. Therefore, under the new blueprint ASEAN will not proceed to customs union and single market. However, it will remain at free trade area level of economic integration. In addition, ASEAN will not be a close trade block but tend to be an open regionalism in relation to non-ASEAN countries or regions.
 Keywords: ASEAN Economic Community, Customs Union, Single Market, Economic Integration, Open Regionalism.

Industrialization During the Implementation of ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) Blueprint 2015

Objective – This paper examines whether the implemented ASEAN Economic Community AEC 2015 measures have a significant effect on ASEAN industrialization. Design/methodology – The examination was performed by comparing the growth of manufacturing indicators before and after the period of the AEC Blueprint implementation. panel data was used to examine the trend of manufacturing development in ten ASEAN countries: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. The panel data analysis examined seventeen years data on ten ASEAN countries that reported manufacturing indicators (mnfemp, mnva, rmva), GDP per capita, and population. The AEC Blueprint is implemented in a specific timeline since the year 2008 by ASEAN countries. Results – This study found that there are no significant differences in the growth of manufacturing employment and the growth of nominal manufacturing value-added before and after a period of AEC blueprint implementation. Also, the growth of the real manufacturing value-added in the period of AEC blueprint implementation is less than prior AEC era. The findings of this study support studies that criticize the AEC implementation.

Perdagangan Bebas Produk Farmasi dan Alat Kesehatan serta Kesiapan Memenuhi Persyaratan Cetak Biru Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN

The implementation of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) as an Indonesian Government’s strategic step has an impact on economic globalization. The study on pharmaceutical products and medical devices free trade was done using qualitative and quantitative methods. The data were collected from a round table discussion about "Free Trade in Health Goods and Services in ASEAN" which involved the Ministry of Health (MoH), Ministry of Trade (MoT), and National Agency for Drug and Food Control (NADFC). The discussion aimed to obtain information on the readiness to meet the AEC blueprint. Secondary data on export and import of pharmaceutical products and medical devices were obtained from the MoT. The results of the study show that between 2013 and 2017 there were 70-72 product items exported to 9 ASEAN countries with a value much greater than the import. The tariff measure (TM) requirements included the Most Favored Nation (MFN) assessment and regulation of the trade remedy procedure by MoH and MoT. The implementation of ASEAN Common Technical Dossier (ACTD) and Good Manufacturing Practice inspection agreements, Bioequivalence reporting agreements, agreements related to traditional medicines and health supplement have been done by NADFC and industry. The simplification of Certificate of Origin, operation certification procedures and realization of ASEAN self-certification have to be specified. MoH must coordinate with NADFC and MoT in deciding and implementing regulations

The Urgency of Legal Protection to the Trademarks in the Global Era

Globalization is nothing but capitalism in its most recent form. Strong and rich countries practically control the world economy and smaller countries are increasingly powerless because they are unable to compete through Intellectual Property Protection including trademarks. The purpose of this research is to examine and to analyze the role of the State in providing legal protection Against trademarks, and factors that influence and formulate their legal protection policies. The approach method in this research is empirical juridical. The data used were primary and secondary data. The results of the research were analyzed analytical descriptively. The results of the study found that the role of the State in providing legal protection for trademarks of business people was not optimal, this was due to several factors including the low understanding of the importance of trademark intellectual property rights protection for businesses and society as consumers. Government policies globally through the Asean Economic Community Blueprint, which contains four main pillars, including the economic competitiveness of Intellectual Property Rights integrated with the global economy.

Future of Indonesian Archipelago Consumer Protection Law in the Era of ASEAN Economic Community

Today, consumer protection issue is not only a national issue, but it also has become an international issue. Indonesia has had the consumer protection law since 1999 which is expected to protect the interests of consumers in an integrative and comprehensive manner and can be applied effectively in the community. After being applicable for more than 17 years, a number of weaknesses were found that the results were less optimal in consumer protection in Indonesia.On the other hand, since 2007, the ASEAN Committee on Consumer Protection (ACCP) has been established, which aims to notify and exchange information, to resolve cross-border consumer issues, and to increase the capacity of ASEAN communities. Finally, the ASEAN countries established a partnership through the integration of economic sectors in a single market in Southeast Asia, called the ASEAN Economic Community. The advances in information and communication technologies are increasingly pushing for the new techniques of trade transactions, which directly or indirectly affect consumers. Consumer protection aspect also becomes one of the parts included in the ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint 2025 (AEC Blueprint 2025). The paper was a conceptual study that used a qualitative analysis of the future of consumer protection law in Indonesia in the era of the ASEAN Economic Community. The analysis results show that the Indonesian Consumer Protection Law still have some weaknesses in the aspects of substance, structure, and legal culture. UUPK (Consumer Protection Law) as the substance of Indonesian consumer protection law requires revisions considering the AEC Blueprint 2025.

The Competence Readiness of the Electrical Engineering Vocational High School Teachers in Manado towards the ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint in 2025

This paper presents the competence readiness of the electrical engineering vocational high school teachers in Manado towards ASEAN Economic Community blueprint in 2025. The objective of this study is to get the competencies readiness description of the electrical engineering vocational high school teachers in Manado towards ASEAN Economic Community blueprint in 2025. Method used quantitative and qualitative approach which the statistical analysis in quantitative and the inductive analysis used in qualitative. There were 46 teachers of the electrical engineering vocational high school in Manado observed. The results have shown that the competencies readiness of the electrical engineering vocational high school teachers in Manado such as: pedagogical, professional, personality, and social were 13.04%, 19.56%, 19.56%, and 19.56% respectively. The results were still far from the focus of the ASEAN economic community blueprint in 2025, so they need to be improved through in-house training, internship programs, school partnerships, distance learning, tiered training and special training, short courses in educational institutions, internal coaching by schools, discussion of educational issues, workshops, research and community service, textbook writing, learning media making, and the creation of technology and art.

STANDARD AND CONFORMITY: THE PERSPECTIVE STRATEGIES OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT’S ROLES IN THE INDUSTRY COMPETITIVENESS

<p>The Agreement on the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement) WTO and The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) The Blueprint envisions the transformation of the WTO and ASEAN region through the facilitation of the free flow of goods and services. With tariffs declining to near-zero levels, non-tariff barriers are increasingly focused on coordination by member-countries. However, the quality of goods / services becomes a central issue that determines the market entry. Therefore, TBT agreement and AEC Blueprint require fulfillment of Standards and Conformity Assessment to guarantee the quality of goods or services. On the one hand, the low level of compliance of business actors in applying <em>SNI</em> (Indonesian National Standards) represents of the low level of Indonesian industry competitiveness in international level. Thus, specific government’s policies are required, one of which is that dealing with the strategic roles of local government to support products manufactured by national industries to break through global markets. Some strategies for strengthening local policies in national standardization include: (a) constructing local regulations governing Standards and Conformity assessment; (b) implementing mandatory <em>SNI</em> to leading local products; (c) Strengthening mutual cooperation between local government and related stakeholders.</p>

Influence of Secondary and Tertiary Literacy on Life Insurance Consumption: Case of Selected ASEAN Countries

Life insurance as a financial tool is essential to both individuals and the economy for the promotion of long-term savings, the reinvestment of funds, risk management and the development of capital markets to support economic growth. The determinants of life insurance consumption from the economic and demographic perspectives were examined in the ASEAN context. The influence of secondary and tertiary education on the demand for life insurance was investigated to highlight the importance of introducing insurance knowledge in the education syllabus in order to improve the economy in the future with better income and social returns, supported by the life insurance market. This will ensure a sound risk management strategy among individuals, firms and countries as a whole and will align with the ASEAN Economic Community blueprint aimed at improving the living standards of the community.

Building regional competition policy in ASEAN: lessons from the European Competition Network

The establishment of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) should transform this regional association of states into “single market and production base, a highly competitive economic region, a region of equitable economic development, and a region fully integrated into the global economy” (AEC Blueprint). The present study analyzes the current level of progress in introducing a regional competition law and policy that would create a level playing field for the businesses within the AEC. The paper also addresses the functionality of current “ASEAN way” of coordinating the enforcement of the national competition laws across the ASEAN jurisdictions. The second part of the study outlines the experiences of the decade of decentralized enforcement of competition rules within the Internal Market of the European Union (EU) through cooperation and coordination between the EU Commission and national competition authorities (NCAs) of the EU Member States within the European Competition Network (ECN). Special focus of the research is on the “effect on trade”, which is used as a jurisdictional criterion that determines application of the EU competition rules and national competition rules. The lessons from the functioning of the ECN can be instructive for the development of the regional framework for competition law and policy in the AEC and wider Asia-Pacific region, where the growing number of the national competition law regimes require cooperation and coordination among the NCAs and more generally between the states under the multitude of regional free trade agreements and bilateral investment treaties, which often contain competition enforcement obligations.

MODALITIES FOR ASEAN ECONOMIC INTEGRATION: RETROSPECT AND GOING FORWARD

The stages and economic effects of economic integration in the theoretical literature draws from the empirical integration experiences in Europe and may not be entirely suited to developing country groupings. Economically, ASEAN comprises largely middle and low income countries with priority on national and economic development, emphasizing attracting investment and technological resources and globally competitiveness. ASEAN and the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) is characterized as a region with wide geographic expanse, diverse economic development levels and pursuing economic integration led by its leadership rather than the private sector. Economic integration has proceeded on two simultaneous fronts — the market-driven proliferation of regional production networks and value chains and the FTA-driven trade and investment facilitation and liberalization. Economic cooperation and integration has been pursued with increasing intensity since the late 1970s. Much has been achieved as seen in the growing density of movements of goods, services, capital and investments and movements of labor and people well as schemes for closer and deeper cooperation. The still-incomplete AEC will be declared on 31 December 2015. But there is still much “work in progress”. The AEC Blueprint 2025 highlights the priorities for the AEC for the next decade, eschewing deeper integration through customs union (CU) or common market but taking due consideration of the challenges from globalization and digitization and the clarion call for inclusive and sustainable development.

HUMAN CAPITAL CHALLENGES IN INDONESIA AND WELCOME ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY (AEC) in 2015

Charter and ASEAN blueprint towards the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) in 2015, has been agreed by the members, characterized by a new round of joint commitment that is legally binding. AEC Blueprint will give direction of ASEAN as a regional production base and single market. The blueprint is supported by the five essential pillars namely: the free flow of goods, services, investment, skilled labor, and freer flow of capital. Efforts to realize the ASEAN as a regional production base and single market is certainly provides a lot of great opportunities and challenges for Indonesia. In this regard, the main sectors which require improvement are professional human capital and competent. Without improvements in this sector, efforts to achieve the Indonesian government for human capital to compete with other countries in Southeast Asia will be difficult. Therefore, in facing such competition, the Indonesian government should prepare a Human Resources (HR) were skilled, intelligent and competitive that Indonesian human resources able to compete.

ASEAN Economic Integration and Physical Connectivity

Although the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) was established at the end of 2015, some of the objectives remain for it to be fully realized, and many of the actions and measures in the AEC Blueprint have not been fully implemented and have to be carried forward to future years. Among these “works in progress” is transport and other physical infrastructure, which is necessary for the physical flows of goods and people. Analysis of free trade and economic integration agreements do not usually place emphasis on the importance of the physical delivery of the goods and people flows made possible by trade and investment liberalizations, particularly in geographically dispersed and diverse regions such as ASEAN. This paper examines the importance of physical connectivity to implement the AEC. It explores the various dimensions of land, maritime, and aviation connectivity with the complex agreements, national policies and regulatory frameworks and challenges of implementation and infrastructure financing, including the Chinese initiative of the One Belt-One Road and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.

ASEAN ECONOMY COMMUNITY(AEC) INDONESIAN POLITIC OF TRADE IN CONTENDING WITH THE SIMPLE MARKET BASED PRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION:The questions are often appeared in explaining about business transaction internations, among otherthing how does a country pay attention to the world trade structure that contends unequivalent substances? What policies should any country produce in order to gain the advantage as maximum as possible from the trade transaction?. According to the writer, the economic experts and practisioners will be setting forth the two versions of answer those are: choosing among protectionsm, Protectionsm here is an efforts of the country to formulate economic policy in the persuit of protecting domestic economy from domination of the foreign products (Tambunan, 2004:325-328; Hadiwinata, 2006: 57) or trade Free trade requires being economic policy that opens market in a home country as wide as possible for the foreign products (Hadiwinata, 2006:57; Sinaga, 2010: 5859; Wangke, 2014: Vol VI, No. 10/II/P3DI: 5-8; Stanley, Quinn, Summer, 1994: International Organization 48.3 : 491).Connecting to free trade, a phenomenon in the last three decades developed rapidly, abreasting with the rapid growing of the world economic globalization that is emerging economic blocks of the regional trade in many parts of the world. In trade literature or international economy, this phenomenon is bought by regionalism, that is shaping regional economic integrations one of them is ASEAN by shaping Asean Economy Community (MEA) At the nineth ASEAN Summit Confence in Bali 2003 resulted Bali Concord II, that agreed shaping ASEAN Community to tighten ASEAN integration. Towards three communities those are towards ASEAN Political Security Community, ASEAN Economic Community, and ASEAN Socio-Culture Community (see Wangke,2014:6) and actually, the main purpose of shaping any block or regional economic integration is to raise trade and coorporation in the economic fields (Tambunan, 2004), Such as industry and investation intercountry which is eventually going to improve economic growth and welfare in the area .Just for the sake of flash back, the eventual purpose of AEC is economic integration like that has been planned in ASEAN Vision (Wangke, 2014:6) ASEAN Vision 2020, is : To create a stable, prosperous and highly competitive ASEAN economic goods, services, investment, skill labor economic development and reduced poverty and socio-economic disparities in year 2020 (see Wangke, 2014: 6). The writer tries to quote various refferencies connected to ASEAN Economic Integration by means of AEC Blueprint that involved four main pillars (Wangke, 2014:6) those are; (1) ASEAN is as simple market and based on complete production supported by flowing element of free of goods, service, investation, educated worker, and more free capital flow; (2) ASEAN is as a zone with the huge economic competitiveness, with rule element of competition, consummer protection, right on intelectual wealth, infrastructural expa nsion, tax, and e-commerce, (3) ASEAN is as zone with the equal economic development with element development of lowwer and middle business and ASEAN For countries such as Kamboja, Myanmar, Laos, dan Vietnam ,integration initiative, (4) ASEAN is as zone fully integrated with the global economy with coherent approaches element in economic relation outside zone, and increase engagement in the global production net. By putting into effect of AEC meaned ASEAN Countries agreed the integrated embodiment of zone economy which is implementation based on ASEAN economic Community (AEC) Blueprint, AEC Blueprint is mannual for the member countries of ASEAN in embodying AEC 2015.HOW ABOUT INDONESIA?Looking at various coorporation between Indonesia with WTO, (AFTA, CAFTA, Indonesia, Corea, and so forth), and G-20, For instance, the treaty between (1) Indonesia and World Trade Organization (WTO). Generally, the political economic element which is mentioned in WTO implied in decision of the trade trouble reduction ( Barriers Tariff ) even tariff cutting up to nol percent (Non Tariff Barriers). …

English

This study attempts to investigate the role of labour standards in explaining the pattern of bilateral migration flows in ASEAN; and it is motivated by the target of ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint that aims to promote free flow of skilled labour in the region. To answer the research question, this paper used a panel data set consisting 45 countries and applied pooled ordinary least squares technique for the empirical analysis. The study proxies labour standards with four different indicators: number of strikes, average actual weekly hours orked, cases of occupational injuries, and trade union density rate. Interestingly, the analysis obtained mixed results to explain the effect of labour standards on bilateral migration flows in ASEAN countries, depending on what indicator being used to measure the level of labour standards in the empirical analysis. When the level of labour standards was represented by number of strikes and/ or average weekly hours worked, the results demonstrated that better labour standards increase the bilateral migration flows among countries selected in the analysis. Nonetheless, the migration increased when there were more cases of occupational injuries reported, which implies that better working conditions do not attract workers to move. The findings suggest that governments should review and improve the existing labour policies in order to attract immigrants, especially those high-skilled.