Ascites Carcinoma In Mice Research Articles

Anti-tumor effect of Euphorbia hirta on Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma in mice

Anti-tumor activity of Euphorbia hirta (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) has been evaluated against Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice. Intraperitoneal (i.p) administration of Euphorbia hirta was effective in reducing solid tumor mass development induced by EAC cells. It exhibited significant anti-tumor activity in mice, when used at the dose of 100 mg/kg/day i.p., for 14days. The administration of Euphorbia hirta (100 mg/kg/day i.p.) resulted in an increase (P<0.001) of the life span (59.9%) of ascites tumor bearing mice as compared to the control group. After 14 days, on developed tumor masses, Euphorbia hirta administration brought about significant reduction in tumor volume and it reverse the changes in the hematological parameters, responding to tumor inoculation. The results are indicative of the anti-tumor activity of Euphorbia hirta against EAC induced tumor in a dose dependent manner.

Chemically Standardized Isolates from Cedrus deodara Stem Wood having Anticancer Activity

An isolate "CD lignan mixture" comprising lignans from stem wood of Cedrus deodara consisted of (-)-wikstromal (75 - 79%), (-)-matairesinol (9 - 13%) and benzylbutyrolactol (7 - 11%) and was studied for its in vitro cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines. The in vivo anticancer activity of CD lignan mixture was studied using Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and colon carcinoma (CA-51) models in mice. Its effect was also studied on annexin V binding, intracellular caspases and DNA fragmentation to gain insight into the mode of action. In vitro cytotoxicity studies showed significant dose-dependent effects against several cancer cell lines from different tissues such as breast, cervix, neuroblastoma, colon, liver, and prostate at 10, 30 and 100 microg/mL. The IC (50) values varied from 16.4 ng/mL to 116.03 microg/mL depending on the cell line. Comparative data of IC (50) values of CD lignan mixture showed a synergistic effect in comparison to the individual molecules, i. e., (-)-matairesinol, (-)-wikstromol present in CD lignan mixture . CD lignan mixture had the most pronounced effect on CNS cell lines followed by colon. The tumor regression observed with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and CA-51 was 53% and approximately 54%, respectively, when CD lignan mixture was given at 300 mg/kg, I. P. for nine days in the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma model and 400 mg/kg, I. P. for the same period in the CA-51 model. It was comparable with 5-fluorouracil at 22 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, respectively. CD lignan mixture at 10, 30 and 100 microg/mL increased the percentage of annexin V positive HL-60 cells to 1.9 - 17.18% as compared to control (1.04%). In K562 cells CD lignan mixture at 10, 30 or 100 microg/mL and staurosporine (1 microM) showed 9.13%, 11.38%, 17.22% and 28.07% intracellular caspases activation, respectively. A distinct DNA laddering pattern was observed for treatment with the CD lignan mixture in HL-60, K562 (30 microg/mL and 100 microg/mL) and MOLT-4 cells (30 microg/mL) after 24 h incubation. DNA cell cycle analysis indicated that CD lignan mixture at 10, 30 and 100 microg/mL increased the content of hypodiploid (sub G(1) phase) cells when compared to control (2.55, 5.4 and 6.25% vs. 0.27%). The present study indicates that CD lignan mixture has cytotoxic potential against human cancer cell lines. It has the ability to induce tumor regression in vivo. It induces apoptosis as indicated by annexin V positive cells, induction of intracellular caspases, DNA fragmentation and DNA cell cycle analysis.

Antineoplastic Screening of Some Medicinal Plants Against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma in Mice

Antineoplastic Screening of Some Medicinal Plants Against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma in Mice

Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of gadolinium complexes containing sulfonamide groups as potential MRI contrast agents

Four DTPA and DOTA derivative ligands containing sulfonamide groups and their gadolinium complexes were prepared and characterized. Relaxivity studies showed that these gadolinium complexes possessed higher relaxation effectiveness than those of the corresponding ionic gadolinium complex Gd-DTPA and Gd-DOTA, respectively. In vitro cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that these gadolinium complexes have low cytotoxicity to the human liver cells (L-02). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and experimental data of biodistribution in mice indicated that these gadolinium complexes containing sulfonamide groups could be used as the potential MRI contrast agents for Hepatoma (H 22) and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in mice and specific organs such as the liver and could be mostly excreted by the kidneys.

Antitumour Activity of Bauhinia variegata Against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Induced Mice

The antitumour activity of ethanol extract of Bauhinia variegata (EBV) has been evaluated against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice. A significant enhancement of mean survival time of EBV treated tumour bearing mice was found with respect to the control group. EBV treatment was found to enhance peritoneal cell counts. After 14 days of inoculation, EBV is able to reverse the changes in the haemotological parameters, protein and PCV consequent to tumour inoculation. Oral administration of EBV was effective in reducing solid tumour mass development induced by EAC cells. EBV was found to be a potent cytotoxic towards EAC tumour cells.

Tumour inhibitory activity of chicory root extract against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice

The tumour-inhibitory effect of an ethanolic extract of chicory root was studied against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice; significant results were obtained at doses from 300 to 700 mg/kg.

Synthesis, screening and quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) studies of some glutamine analogues for possible anticancer activity

We described the syntheses, biological activities and QSAR studies of 36 new 5-n-substituted-2-(substituted benzenesulphonyl) glutamines 6–41 with different substitutions. These compounds were designed as structural analogues of most reactive amino acid, ‘glutamine’ (GLN), especially in the tumor cells. They present the new basic lateral chains at R5 position as well as different substitutions at 2′, 3′, 4′, and 5′ positions on the benzene ring. The synthesized compounds have been tested for antitumor activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice using percentage inhibition of tumor weight as inhibitory parameter. In order to elucidate the structural requirements for antitumor activity, quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) studies have been performed using extra thermodynamic model of Hansch. QSAR equations showed that the electronic parameter (σ) on the aromatic ring system, steric parameter (Es) and to some extent Sterimol length of the substituent (L) on the aliphatic side chain correlate significantly with the antitumor activity. Resonance factor occupies the major electronic contribution on the aromatic ring system to the activity.

Syntheses, biological evaluation and QSAR study on antitumor activity of 1,5- N, N′-disubstituted-2-(substituted benzenesulphonyl) glutamamides

We have reported [unpublished data] the synthesis and QSAR of 5-substituted-2-(substituted benzenesulphonyl) glutamines which have shown the importance of steric factor on the aliphatic chain. N-Phthalyl isoglutamine, having the substitution at position 1 of the glutamic acid moiety, is the metabolite of recently approved thalidomide for different types of tumors by US FDA. Based on these, 36 new 1,5- N, N′-disubstituted-2-(substituted benzenesulphonyl) glutamamides were synthesized, as tools for further elucidation of the structural requirements for antitumor activity. All the synthesized compounds were tested for antitumor activity against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice using tumor weight as inhibitory parameter. Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) studies of these analogues revealed that the electron donating groups on the phenyl ring are found to be mandatory for the activity which was also proved by the negative coefficient of indicator parameter I 3, for NO 2 group on the phenyl ring. Molecular volume (MV) and steric factor at R 5 position also plays a role in ligand–receptor interactions.

Antineoplastic Activity of Cyanohydroxamic Acid (Sodium Salt) Against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma in Mice

Antineoplastic Activity of Cyanohydroxamic Acid (Sodium Salt) Against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma in Mice

Antineoplastic Activity of Chloroacetohydroxamic Acid in Combination with Bleomycin Against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) in Mice

Antineoplastic Activity of Chloroacetohydroxamic Acid in Combination with Bleomycin Against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) in Mice

A New Boron Compound (Guanidine Biboric Acid Adduct) as an Antitumour Agent against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma in Mice

The inhibitory effects of a new boron compound of guanidine biboric acid adduct (GB) and guanidium chloride (L₁) on the growth of ascites tumour in female Swiss mice were studied by monitoring the survival, tumour weight, tumour cell count, transplantability of Ehrlich ascites cells, precursor incorporation and the haematological parameters of the treated mice. 5-Fluorouracil, a known anticancer drug, was used as a positive control. The most important parameter was the survival time, which increased significantly when tumour-bearing mice were treated with the boron compound. Haematological parameters of the treated animals showed minimum toxic effects when boron was coupled with guanidine.

5-aminolaevulinic-acid-induced formation of different porphyrins and their photomodifications.

The relative amounts of 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA)-induced hydrophobic and hydrophilic porphyrins produced in normal mouse tissue and solid Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice were investigated as a function of added glucose, light irradiation and restricted blood flow to the tumour. Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) is the predominant porphyrin produced from exogenous ALA in tissues that have viable mitochondria. However, under special conditions which seem to be connected with a reduced viability of the mitochondria, the formation of water-soluble porphyrins can be observed in vivo. Fluorescence maxima of the water-soluble porphyrins are located in the region between 615 and 625 nm. Irradiation can further lead to the formation of PpIX photoproduct(s), showing a fluorescence emission band at 676 nm. The photobleaching of PpIX in normal tissue and tumour tissue is different under restricted blood flow. ALA-induced PpIX can be observed in the normal blood stream, and can be linked to a slower photobleaching than in tissue with restricted blood flow.

Tea Plant Root Extract (TRE) as an Antineoplastic Agent

The antitumour effect of tea plant root extract (TRE) has been evaluated against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Balb-C mice. Significant increases of survival times of the TRE-treated, tumour-bearing mice have been confirmed repeatedly with respect to the control group. TRE inhibited the tumour cell growth and reversed the changes of haematological parameters consequent to tumour inoculation.

Effects of Saffron on Vitamin A Levels and its Antitumour Activity on the Growth of Solid Tumours in Mice

AbstractInhibitory effects of saffron extract, a commonly used food spice, were studied against subcutane-ously inoculated solid Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DLA), Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) and Sarcoma-180 (S-180) tumours in mice. Oral administration of 100 mg/kg of the saffron extract significantly inhibited the growth of DLA and S-180 solid tumour by 87 and 41%, respectively. A dose of 150 mg/kg delayed the onset of tumour formation and inhibited further growth of a delayed Dalton's lymphoma ascites solid tumour by 80%. Chromium release cytotoxicity assay reflected the sensitivity of DLA and S-180 tumour cells to cytolysis (in vitro) in the presence of the extract. Estimation of serum vitamin A and β-carotene levels from S-180 tumour bearing mice treated with saffron extract indicated elevated serum levels of serum vitamin A and β-carotene. Chemical analysis of the antitumour compound from saffron extract indicated that crocin (a natural carotenoid) was responsible for the observed biological effect...

Growth-inhibition effects of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and their methyl esters on transplanted tumors in mice.

We investigated the effects of oleic acid and linoleic acid on transplanted Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and Ehrlich solid carcinoma in ACR mice. Both acids significantly prolonged the life spans of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice and inhibited the growth of Ehrlich solid carcinoma in mice compared with the findings in untreated control mice. Methyl esters of these acids also prolonged the survival of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice, but they were less effective in lengthening the survival of mice given transplants of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. In addition, gas-chromatography analysis of tumor cell lipids showed that appreciable changes occurred in the fatty acid composition of the tumor cell grown in mice treated with oleic acid or linoleic acid. Linoleic acid caused more pronounced alterations in fatty acid composition of tumor cell lipids than did oleic acid, a feature that parallels the intensity of the cytotoxicity potential of the two free fatty acids. These results suggest that (a) the free carboxyl group of free fatty acids plays a role in killing tumor cells and (b) the modification of the fatty acid composition of tumor cells also correlates with the antitumor effects of oleic and linoleic acids. In addition, these results indicate that free fatty acids may be of tumor-oriented distribution; as a consequence, free fatty acids selectively inhibit the growth of tumor cells.

Isolation and characterization of an antitumor active agar-type polysaccharide of Gracilaria dominguensis

Cold water extraction of the red alga Gracilaria dominguensis, followed by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide fractionation, gave a highly sulfated, agar-type polysaccharide which inhibited the transplantation of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice. The structure of the polysaccharide has been investigated by methylation analysis, and 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy, and was shown to be mainly composed of alternating (1→3)-linked β- d-galactopyranosyl 6-sulfate and (1→4)-linked 3,6-anhydro-α- l-galactopyranosyl residues.

Terpenoids. LIII. Antitumor activity of trichorabdals and related compounds.

Among the three types, enmein-, oridonin-, and trichorabdal-type, of diterpenoids from Rabdosia trichocarpa, the latter showed the highest antitumor activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice. Their potent activities were attributed to synergistic increase arising from the presence of two active sites in one molecule. In vitro activity against HeLa cells and in vivo activity against P 388 lymphocytic leukemia of diterpenoids and related compounds were also determined, but no synergistic increase in activity due to plural active sites was observed in those cases.

Potentiation of the antitumor activity of cisplatin in mice by 3-aminobenzamide and nicotinamide.

3-Aminobenzamide (3AB) and nicotinamide (NA), inhibitors of adenosine-ribose transferase (ADPRT), potentiated the antitumor activity of cisplatin (DDP) on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice. The mean survival times of the mice increased from 21.2-37.0 days in DDP-treated groups to 47.0-54.6 days in mice treated with DDP plus NA or 3AB. These drugs also potentiated DDP antitumor activity on sarcoma 180, with the inhibition rates increasing from 12.4%-20.8% in groups treated daily with DDP to 29.8%-46.4% in those treated with DDP plus NA or 3AB; however, neither 3AB nor NA alone showed any antitumor activity. The single-dose lethality of DDP on mice was partially reversed by either NA or 3AB. The pathological study revealed that the morphologic changes in the proximal tubules 1 month after a single dose of DDP (10 mg/kg) were partially prevented by a single protective dose (5 mmol/kg) of NA or 3AB. Our results suggest that the combination of DDP with ADPRT inhibitors might be used clinically in the future.

The Antitumor Effect of Bleomycin Combined with Bestatin against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma in Mice

The effect of bleomycin against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma transplanted subcutaneously to mice used in combination with bestatin was investigated. Male Balb/c mice weighting approximately 20 g and bred in our laboratories were used in this study. Each mouse was injected in its left lateral abdominal region subcutaneously with 7 X 10(6) tumor cells in 0.2 ml of ascites fluid. The mice were divided into four groups: control, bestatin alone (5 mg/kg intraperitoneally on Days 9-14), bleomycin alone (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally on Days 7 and 8), and bestatin plus bleomycin. Our results show that bestatin enhances the antitumor effect of bleomycin against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma as measured by the increased survival rates. Being an agent of very low toxicity, bestatin should be considered as a part of the chemoimmunotherapy protocol.

Effect of several d-morphinans on ascites tumors in mice.

Dextromethorphan and its analogues (DM 16, DM 34, DM 72, DM 75 and DM 96) were examined for their effect on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma or ascites sarcoma-180 in female mice of the ddY strain. The suspension of Ehrlich carcinoma cells or sarcoma-180 cells was prepared from mice at 10 days after i.p. inoculation of the cells, using Hanks' balanced salt solution, and the cell suspension was inoculated i.p. into mice (2 X 10(6) viable cells/mouse). The chemicals dissolved in physiological saline containing 5% HCO-60 were then injected i.p. into the mice once daily for 5 successive days (5-40 mg/kg/day). In addition, mice given the tumor cells were treated with the saline containing 5% HCO-60 alone for 5 days (untreated mice). In groups of mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma or ascites sarcoma-180, the mean survival time of mice treated with 20-40 mg/kg/day of DM 96 was more than twice that of the corresponding untreated mice. The mean survival time of mice treated with 20 mg/kg/day of DM 96 was also longer than that of mice treated with 40 mg/kg/day of the other chemicals, irrespective of the ascites tumors. Concerning these survival times, the LD50 (i.p.) of DM 96 in mice differed slightly from that of other chemicals (88 mg/kg and 77-106 mg/kg). These results indicate that DM 96 is more active than the other chemicals against the ascites tumors in mice.