As-synthesized Hydrogel Research Articles

Tunable and fast-cured hyaluronic acid hydrogel inspired on catechol architecture for enhanced adhesion property

Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels have been broadly used in medical applications due to their remarkable properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, super hydroscopicity, non-immunogenic effect, etc. However, the inherent weak and hydrophilic polysaccharide structure of pure hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels has limited their potential use in muco-adhesiveness, wound dressing, and 3D printing. In this research, we developed in-situ forming of catechol-modified HA hydrogels with improved mechanical properties involving blue-light curing crosslinking reaction. The effect of catechol structure on the physicochemical properties of HA hydrogels was evaluated by varying the content (0–40 %). The as-synthesized hydrogel demonstrated rapid prototyping, excellent wetting adhesiveness, and good biocompatibility. Furthermore, an optimized hydrogel precursor solution was used as a blue light-cured bio-ink with high efficiency and good precision and successfully prototyped a microstructure that mimicked the human hepatic lobule by using DLP 3D printing method. This catechol-modified HA hydrogel with tunable physicochemical and rapid prototyping properties has excellent potential in biomedical engineering.

Superlubricity Achieved by a Transparent Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) Composite Hydrogel with Glycerol Ethoxylate in Ocular Conditions.

Efficient and stable ocular lubrication is pivotal in safeguarding eye tissues from wear, especially under repetitive strain due to frequent blinking. Hydrogels have been reported to possess adjustable mechanical properties, biocompatibility, durability, and elevated water content and extensive utilization in medical fields. In this work, a kind of visible photo-cross-linking poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) hydrogel was designed and synthesized using 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA). To optimize the structure and improve the lubrication performance of hydrogels, we prepared and investigated glycerol ethoxylate (GE)-introduced composite hydrogels (GE/PVP). The results show that the addition of 3 wt % GE helped the hydrogel to form a uniform and dense porous matrix and reduce the frictional coefficient (COF) by over 50%, achieving superlubricity (COF ≈ 0.005). However, with the excessive increase of GE (6 wt %), the structure of the hydrogel is destroyed, inducing pore walls to thin and expand. After that, a lubrication mechanism of the GE/PVP composite hydrogel was proposed, in which the addition of GE reduced the surface tension of the hydrogel, enhanced the hydration ability of the hydrogel, and thus decreased the friction between sliding surfaces. Besides, the cytotoxicity tests show that the composite hydrogels possess good biocompatibility. Overall, the as-synthesized hydrogels hold great potential as lubricating medium for use in ocular applications.

Bone-Adhesive Hydrogel for Effective Inhibition of M. tuberculosis and Osteoblast Regeneration.

Currently, bone tuberculosis (TB) treatment largely involves lifelong drug prescriptions and surgical intervention, resulting in poor quality of life for patients. Therefore, the fabrication of injectable scaffolds to form a solid framework around the defective bone region is gaining importance over the extensive use of antimicrobial inhibitors. Herein, we synthesized a novel bone-adhesive and thermoresponsive hydrogel via conjugation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (PNIPAM-co-GMA) and cysteine (CYS). Thiolation of the polymer enables chemical cross-linking with the bone glycoprotein, enhancing bone adhesion and permitting control of scaffold retention time. The PNIPAM-co-GMA-CYS hydrogel shows higher cross-linking behavior at 37 °C, forms a strong gel in 260 s, and has 151 kPa adhesion strength on cortical bone. The lead compounds 5-methyl-5H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indole-3-thiol (MTIT) and N-tert-butyl-4-methyl-6-(5-methyl-5H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indol-3-ylthio)pyrimidin-2-amine (TMTIPA) were identified by a high-throughput screening method. Effective MTIT and TMTIPA are encapsulated in bone-adhesive hydrogel separately, and both have a high release rate above >70% in 180 h. The MTIT- and TMTIPA-loaded PNIPAM-co-GMA-CYS showed an excellent bactericidal effect, reducing the relative intracellular bacterial survival in macrophages. Furthermore, the as-synthesized hydrogel has outstanding mechanical and biocompatibility properties to become a bone-replacing material and provide support to promote bone repair. This work presents a novel bone-adhesive PNIPAM-co-GMA-CYS for the sustained release of lead compounds toward promising alternative bone TB treatment.

Non-toxic and biodegradable κ-carrageenan/ZnO hydrogel for adsorptive removal of norfloxacin: Optimization using response surface methodology

Antibiotic resistance is increasing globally due to increased prescription and easy dispensing of antibiotic drugs universally. Hence, to mitigate this effect, efficient, biodegradable, and non-toxic adsorbents are required to be developed. Carrageenan (CG), a natural polymer, having multiple functional groups, provides a backbone for crosslinking with borax and incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles that formed borax-cross-linked κ-carrageenan (CG/Bx/ZnO) hydrogel which is used for efficient adsorption of norfloxacin from water. Surface morphology of as-synthesized hydrogel revealed the rough surface, which was determined by FESEM. Surface area of CG/Bx/ZnO hydrogel was found to be 22.90 m2/g with 3.41 nm pore radius. Systematic batch adsorption studies revealed that 99.4 % removal efficiency could be achieved at a dosage level of 20 mg/L of norfloxacin with 10 mg of hydrogel at pH of 4 in 8 h at room temperature. Experimentally optimized key parameters affecting the overall efficiency of adsorption matched well with the results assessed from ANOVA using Box-Behnken composite design model. The adsorption process was well fitted with the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm with 1282.05 mg/g adsorption capacity. Thermodynamic study results show that adsorption is spontaneous and endothermic. The CG/Bx/ZnO hydrogel demonstrated excellent repeatability with minimal loss in norfloxacin adsorption for seven cycles.

Highly entangled hydrogels with degradable crosslinks

This paper studies a polymer network in which crosslinks are degradable but polymer chains are not. We show that entanglements markedly enhance the mechanical properties of the polymer network before degradation and slow down degradation. We synthesize polyacrylamide hydrogels with disulfide crosslinks. In a precursor of a low water-to-monomer molar ratio and low crosslinker-to-monomer molar ratio, the monomers are crowded and the resulting polymer chains are long, so that the entanglements greatly outnumber crosslinks. The as-synthesized hydrogels are submerged in pure water to swell to equilibrium. We show that entanglements enhance the swell resistance of the hydrogel, as well as stiffen and toughen the hydrogel. We further show that entanglements slow down degradation when the hydrogel is submerged in an aqueous solution of cysteine. This work demonstrates that entanglements substantially expand the properties space of degradable polymers.

High performance hydrogel electrodes based on sodium alginate-g-poly(AM-c o-ECA-co-AMPS for supercapacitor application

Electrochemical conductive hydrogels are being extensively explored in the fabrication of portable batteries and high-performance supercapacitors. Herein, the rational design of a new polyanionic electrically conductive hydrogels based on sodium alginate-g-poly(AM-co-ECA-co-AMPS) are described. rGO was incorporated into the hydrogel during the polymerization process generating rGO@ sodium alginate-g-poly(AM-co-ECA-co-AMPS) composite hydrogels to study the impact of rGO on the performance of the hydrogels. FT-IR, XRD, and SEM-EDX characterized the chemical composition, crystalline, and morphological structure of the new synthesized hydrogels. The electrochemical performance of as-synthesized hydrogels was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic, charge-discharge rate, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The supercapacitor performance for ECH2.5 composite hydrogel showed a capacitance of 753 F. g−1 at 1 A. g−1 with good rate capability and cycling stability up to 5000 cycles. Thus, ECH2.5 hydrogel is a good candidate as electrode material in supercapacitor applications.

Designing of semiconductive cotton fabrics based on poly (propynyl benzo thiazolone) with UV protection and antibacterial properties

Our research aimed to prepare semiconductive textile with multifunction activity such as hydrophobicity, antibacterial, and UV protection. Herein, propynyl benzo thiazolone (TH) and its polymer (PTH) were as-synthesized and investigated by FT-IR analysis. Further, the cotton fabrics were grafted in situ with each poly (propynyl benzo thiazolone) and with the as-synthesized hydrogel based on gelatin/PTH (PTH-G-T). The PTH-T and PTH-G-T were investigated by (FT-IR), (SEM), UV protection (UPF), and contact angle, and further, their electrical properties were studied by impedance spectroscopy, and dc conductivity of PTH, PTH-T, and PTH-T-G obtained at low frequency exhibited good conductivity upto 10-4 S cm−1, 4.5x10-8 and 1.7x10-7 S cm−1, respectively. An equivalent circuit model was used to investigate the impedance spectra of PTH-T and PTH-G-T samples. The impedance could be split into two components. One component was identified as an inhomogeneity contribution, while the other was recognized as an intrinsic conduction component that exhibited characteristic semiconductor behavior. Various conduction experiments and theories are used to explain the results. Besides, they have good antibacterial and excellent UV protection. The outcomes assured the ability usage of the treated cotton fabrics in health monitoring apparel.

Photoinitiated Polymerization of Hydrogels by Graphene Quantum Dots.

As a smart stimulus-responsive material, hydrogel has been investigated extensively in many research fields. However, its mechanical brittleness and low strength have mattered, and conventional photoinitiators used during the polymerization steps exhibit high toxicity, which limits the use of hydrogels in the field of biomedical applications. Here, we address the dual functions of graphene quantum dots (GQDs), one to trigger the synthesis of hydrogel as photoinitiators and the other to improve the mechanical strength of the as-synthesized hydrogel. GQDs embedded in the network effectively generated radicals when exposed to sunlight, leading to the initiation of polymerization, and also played a significant role in improving the mechanical strength of the crosslinked chains. Thus, we expect that the resulting hydrogel incorporated with GQDs would enable a wide range of applications that require biocompatibility as well as higher mechanical strength, including novel hydrogel contact lenses and bioscaffolds for tissue engineering.

Dynamically adaptive window design with thermo-responsive hydrogel for energy efficiency

Energy-efficient smart windows with dynamic modulation of solar heat gain in response to external stimulus such as ambient temperature variation have been of great interest. However, when a smart window technology is implemented over a commercial glazing system, its performance could be dramatically influenced by the pre-installed low-e coating. An implementable smart window component made of thermo-response hydrogel for dynamic solar modulation, either prefabricated with window structures for newly constructed building application or manufactured into a film for existing building retrofit, has been rationally designed in this work. An IR-reflective coating was integrated with the as-synthesized hydrogel film and the ultimate solar regulation performance has been evaluated. Compared to the bare hydrogel sample, the total light modulation ability from the hydrogel film with IR-reflective coating was tapered by 0.9–5.4% due to the blockage of a portion of IR radiation before transmitting through the hydrogel layer. This additional NIR blocking effect allows this window design preferably suitable for hot weather with high solar radiation. Annual energy simulations to a prototype commercial building have shown the thermo-responsive hydrogel window component prepared in this work yields annual space cooling energy savings of up to 8.1% for Tucson, AZ, USA, which gives a 30.6 kWh/yr·m2 cooling energy savings per square meter of window glass.

Synthesis of pH-responsive sodium alginate-g-tetrapolymers via N[sbnd]C and O[sbnd]C coupled in situ monomers: A reusable optimum hydrogel for removal of plant stressors

For envisaging the optimum exclusions of plant stressors, a new strategy has been reported for structure-property-performance optimization of scalable and reusable multifunctional multipolymer hydrogels. For this, twelve sodium alginate-g-[2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid-co-2-(N-(3-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methyl-3-oxopropyl)propionamido)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid-co-2-(3-(2-(isobutyryloxy)ethoxy)propanamido)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid-co-(hydroxyethyl)methacrylate], i.e., SALG-g-[AMPS-co-NHMOPMPS-co-IBEPMPS-co-HEMA/1] (i.e., 2) have been designed and synthesized via in situ attached two monomers, i.e., NHMOPMPS and IBEPMPS, in solution polymerization of only two monomers, i.e., AMPS and HEMA. The structures of 1 and 2; properties of adsorbed 2, i.e., Mn(II)-2, As(III)-2, and Zr(IV)-2; in situ attached NHMOPMPS and IBEPMPS monomers; grafting of SALG; thermal stabilities; surface properties; high-performance adsorption; and reusability have been explored via 1H/13C NMR, FTIR, XPS, TGA, XRD, SEM, and DLS analyses and measuring network parameters, pHPZC, %graft-ratio, %gel-content, and thermodynamic-parameters. The optimum hydrogel 2 among twelve as-synthesized hydrogels has selectively been chosen for the high-performance exclusions of plant stressors, i.e., Mn(II), As(III), and Zr(IV), because of the maximum of 690 g g−1 swelling, 1.19 × 107 g molecular weight between crosslinks, and 3.81 × 10−11 crosslink density. The maximum adsorption capacities of Mn(II), As(III), and Zr(IV) are 180.56, 199.94, and 188.96 mg g−1, respectively, within 5–100 ppm and at 308 K for 0.02 g 2.

Synthesis and in vitro Evaluation of Thermosensitive PLA-g-P(HEM-co-NIPAAM) Hydrogel Used for Delivery of VEGF

Bone has self-healing potential, but this characteristic is limited and requires external intervention. Bone formation is a dynamic process influenced by various growth factors. Angiogenesis is a fundamental phase and essential in the early stages of bone regeneration. Because of insufficient vascularization within osteoconductive or osteoinductive bone scaffolds, VEGF can be loaded into the scaffolds structure to induce blood vessels throughout engineered tissue. For this propose, PLA-g-P(HEM-co-NIPAAM) copolymers with HEMA:NIPAAm ratio of 1:1 and 1:5 are synthesized, and their biocompatibility, swelling, and vascular endothelial growth factor release properties are investigated. The hydrogels were biocompatible, and the cell attachment and growth were increased facing these hydrogels. The swelling performance of the synthesized hydrogels is increased by increasing the PHEMA ratio in the copolymer, which leads to high loading capacity. Different specifications for percent released over different time periods were achieved for the as-synthesized hydrogel, which will play a powerful role in bone regeneration in the near future.

Multistimulus-Responsive Supramolecular Hydrogels Derived by in situ Coating of Ag Nanoparticles on 5'-CMP-Capped β-FeOOH Binary Nanohybrids with Multifunctional Features and Applications.

The present manuscript reports the synthesis of multistimulus-responsive smart supramolecular hydrogels derived by in situ coating of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on colloidal cytidine-5′-monophosphate-capped β-FeOOH nanohybrids (β-FeOOH@5′-CMP) under physiological conditions forming a polycrystalline building block (Ag-coated β-FeOOH@5′-CMP). The presence of Ag in the binary nanohybrids induces the puckering of ribose sugar, bringing a change in its conformation from C2′-endo to C3′-endo, which enhanced the supramolecular interactions among different moieties of other building blocks to construct a porous network of hydrogels in the self-assembly via the formation of a micellar structure. Such a supramolecular network in hydrogel is also evidenced by the reversible sol⇌gel transformation under multistimulus-responsiveness in a narrow range of pH, temperature, and sonication, as well as by the manifestation of rapid self-healing and injectability features. As-synthesized hydrogels exhibiting shear-thinning behavior under higher strain and converting back into the sol under low strain, suggests their potential for localized drug delivery. The presence of Ag NPs in the hydrogel enhanced its viscoelastic properties, % swelling (580) and loading capabilities (590 mg g–1) for methylene blue (MB), and its controlled release over days (∼2–30) as a function of pH. It displayed excellent surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy activity allowing to detect MB-like drug molecules at ≤10–12 M. Thus, the as-synthesized hydrogels represent a unique superparamagnetic nanosystem consisting of all greener components (5′-CMP/β-FeOOH/Ag) with superior viscoelastic, sensing, and antimicrobial properties, displaying multistimulus-responsiveness (pH/temperature/sonication), thereby suggesting their vast potential for biomedical and environmental applications.

Utilization of waste hemicelluloses lye for superabsorbent hydrogel synthesis.

A high-performance superabsorbent hydrogel have been successfully fabricated by using waste hemicelluloses lye. Not any extra base was added into the synthesis system for achieving hydrophilic polymer composite. In addition, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was added the reaction system to entrap within the hemicelluloses-g-AA/bentonite matrix and form a semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPN) for enhancing the swelling properties of the as-prepared polymer composite. SEM, FTIR, and TG were employed to characterize the morphologies, structure, and thermal stability of as-synthesized hydrogel composite. Moreover, liquid absorbency in distilled water and saline solutions, water absorption rate, water retainability, and water reusability of hemicelluloses-g-AA/bentonite (HAB) and hemicelluloses-g-AA/bentonite-PVA (HAB-PVA) hydrogels were also investigated systematically. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms of the composites were studied, and the synergy effect of PVA and bentonite were also proposed. This method provides a new avenue to design the new structure of superabsorbent hydrogel and treat the waste lye in green and sustainable chemical engineering processes.

Synthesis of Chitosan/Gelatin granule containing amine derivated octa(ammonium chloride) substituted Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane and investigating its application as a drug carrier

In this work, we have prepared a new granule hydrogel composites of natural biocompatible polymeric chitosan and gelatin (C-G). The gelatin side groups (hydroxyl and carboxyl) can attach with amine groups of chitosan, which improve the interlink crosslinking in the final nanocomposites. The diameter of the granuls is around 3 mm to 6 mm. Furthermore, in order to reinforce the mechanical properties of granules, for the first time, octa(ammonium chloride) substituted Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS-(NH3+Cl−)8) has been used as a nanofiller in the structure of this nanocomposite. The effect of POSS-(NH3+Cl−)8 on mechanical stability and swelling behavior of hydrogels has been investigated in three pH of 1.2, 7.4 and 9.5, respectively. Results demonstrate that the C-G/POSS-(NH3+Cl−)8 granules in acidic pH has the maximum swelling percent. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) values for C-G granules in three pH of 1.2, 7.4 and 9.5 are obtained 65%, 58% and 53% and for C-G/POSS-(NH3+Cl−)8 sample are 59%, 52% and 48%, respectively, which conform with the swelling behavior of these hydrogels. According to the obtained results from Metronidazole (MTZ) release, the as-synthesized hydrogels may have intrinsic ability in the controlled release of drugs. The as-prepared hydrogels are characterized via FT-IR, SEM, TGA and XRD analysis.

Modified Dioscorea hispida starch-based hydrogels and their in-vitro cytotoxicity study on small intestine cell line (FHS-74 Int)

Starch-based hydrogels are promising smart materials for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, which offer exciting perspectives in biophysical research at molecular level. This work was intended to develop, characterize and explore the properties of hydrogel from starch extracted from new source, Dioscorea hispida Dennst. Starch-mediated hydrogels were successfully synthesized via free radical polymerization method with varying concentrations of acrylic acid (AA),N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in aqueous system. The grafting reaction between starch and AA was examined by observing the decline in intensity peak of hydrogel FTIR spectrum at 3291cm−1 and peak around 1600–1680cm−1, indicating the stretching of hydroxyl group (OH) and stretching of carbon–carbon double bond (CC) respectively. The effects of cross-linker, monomer and NaOH concentration on swelling ratio and gel content in different medium and conditions were also evaluated. The thermal stability and structural morphology of as-synthesized hydrogels were studied by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In-vitro cytotoxicity study using small intestine cell line (FHS-74 Int) revealed that the as-formulated eco-friendly-hydrogel was free from any harmful material and safe to use for future product development.

An injectable ionic hydrogel inducing high temperature hyperthermia for microwave tumor ablation.

Microwave tumor ablation is of clinical significance and has been considered as a promising cancer minimally invasive therapy. One of the challenges in this field is the optimization of the susceptible agent. Herein, a novel chitosan-based ionic hydrogel which can induce rather high temperature hyperthermia as a susceptible agent for microwave ablation is reported. Owning to the high porosity of the hydrogel, a strong ion confinement effect can be realized, therefore, strong polarization under microwave exposure is ensured for rapid heat generation. In addition, the as-synthesized hydrogel has negligible bio-toxicity and excellent spatial stability in vivo which can guarantee a reproducible therapeutic effect for repeated treatment. In vivo anti-tumor investigation has demonstrated that excellent therapeutic efficiency can be achieved after repeated microwave thermal therapy with a rather low power density (2.0 W, 2.45 GHz). Further, computer simulation was conducted to elucidate the microwave heating mechanism. Our investigation provides a biocompatible and stable agent for microwave tumor ablation and demonstrates its great significance for potential clinical application.

Hectorite effects on swelling and gel properties of hectorite/poly(AM/IA) nanocomposite hydrogels

A new hectorite/poly(AM/IA) nanocomposite hydrogel was synthesized by inverse microemulsion polymerization. Influences of hectorite content on water absorbency and salt solution absorbency, swellability, pH-sensitivity, gel strength and temperature-resistance of the nanocomposite hydrogel were investigated. Water and salt solution absorbencies, pH-sensitivity and swellability decreased while gel strength and temperature-resistance of the nanocomposite hydrogel increased with increasing hectorite content. The as-synthesized hydrogel particles were regular and spherical-like in shape and had the average particle size of 43 nm with the range of 30–65 nm. Hectorite clay platelets were exfoliated and transformed into amorphous structure within the polymeric networks.

Influence of crosslinker amount on swelling and gel properties of hectorite/poly(acrylamide/itaconic acid) nanocomposite hydrogels

A new hectorite/poly(acrylamide/itaconic acid) nanocomposite hydrogel was synthesized by inverse microemulsion polymerization. The effects of crosslinker amount on water absorbency and salt absorbency, swellability, pH-sensitivity, gel strength, temperature-and shear-resistance were investigated. Water and salt absorbencies, pH-sensitivity and swellability decreased, while gel strength and temperature-and shear-resistance increased with increasing crosslinker amount. Nanocomposite hydrogels had good thermal stability with onset decomposing temperature of 252 °C. The as-synthesized hydrogel particles were regular and spherical-like and had an average particle size of 43 nm in the range of 30–65 nm. Hectorite clay platelets were exfoliated and transformed into amorphous structure.

Synthesis and properties of hectorite/poly(AM/IA) nanocomposite hydrogels with high gel strength

A novel hectorite/poly(AM/IA) nanocomposite hydrogel was synthesized by inverse microemulsion polymerization. The influence of hectorite amount on water absorbency rate, gel strength and shear-resistance was investigated. Dynamic viscoelasticity behaviour of the nanocomposite hydrogels was also studied. The nanocomposite hydrogels showed suitable water absorbency and shear-resistance, high gel strength, solid-like behaviour in the whole oscillation frequency region and enhanced viscoelastic behaviours under high stress. TEM indicated that the as-synthesized hydrogel particles were regular and spherical in shape with an average particle size of 43 nm in the range of 30–65nm. A novel hectorite/poly(AM/IA) nanocomposite hydrogel, with the average particle size 16 to 43 nm, was synthesized by inverse microemulsion polymerization. The nanocomposite hydrogels showed suitable water absorbency and shear-resistance, high gel strength, and solid-like behaviour in the whole oscillation frequency region and enhanced viscoelastic behaviour under high stress.

Versatile hydrogel-based nanocrystal microreactors towards uniform fluorescent photonic crystal supraballs

Versatile hydrogel-based nanocrystal (NC) microreactors were designed in this work for the construction of uniform fluorescence colloidal photonic crystal (CPC) supraballs. The hydrogel-based microspheres with sizes ranging from 150 to 300 nm were prepared by seeded copolymerization of acrylic acid and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate with micrometer-sized PS seed particles. As an independent NC microreactor, the as-synthesized hydrogel microsphere can effectively capture the guest cadmium ions due to the abundant carboxyl groups inside. Followed by the introduction of chalcogenides, in situ generation of higher-uptake NCs with sizes less than 5 nm was finally realized. Additionally, with the aid of the microfluidic device, the as-obtained NC–latex hybrids can be further self-assembled to bi-functional CPC supraballs bearing brilliant structural colors and uniform fluorescence. This research offers an alternative way to finely bind CPCs with NCs, which will facilitate progress in fields of self-assembled functional colloids and photonic materials.