Art Methods Research Articles

Genealogy, discourse and the "death of the author" as figures of poetics in the novel by Mark Z. Danilevsky's "House of Leaves".

The object of research of this article is a novel by Mark Z. Danilevsky's "House of Leaves" in the context of postmodernism. The subject of the research is some concepts of the theory of poststructuralism – discourse, genealogy, "death of the author" – implemented in the work "House of Leaves" through reductive, metaphorical or allusive implantation into the fabric of the novel. A general analysis is given and the problem of the correlation between the theories of poststructuralism and postmodernism is outlined. The selection and analysis of theoretical works on a given problem has been carried out, and working concepts have been formulated, used as tools for analyzing forms, figures of poetics, as well as for interpreting the novel "House of Leaves".As a consequence, the article presents a detailed description of one of the sides of the artistic method of Mark Z. Danilevsky (the use of poststructuralism theories as a figure of novel poetics), which allows us to judge the techniques and means of artistic expression that determined the form of the novel. In this regard, the article discusses the so-called "form effects", for example: synchrony, the capture of a real figure by a simulacrum, the creation of genealogical–artistic images, the establishment of a special time mode – "simultaneity", etc. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that we have considered the interpretation of the work from the point of view of poststructuralism theories, as a result of which new formal techniques and mechanisms of their use in the creation of a work of art have been revealed.

Toward designing human intervention studies to prevent osteoarthritis after knee injury: A report from an interdisciplinary OARSI 2023 workshop

ObjectiveThe global impact of osteoarthritis is growing. Currently no disease modifying osteoarthritis drugs/therapies exist, increasing the need for preventative strategies. Knee injuries have a high prevalence, distinct onset, and strong independent association with post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Numerous groups are embarking upon research that will culminate in clinical trials to assess the effect of interventions to prevent knee PTOA despite challenges and lack of consensus about trial design in this population. Our objectives were to improve awareness of knee PTOA prevention trial design and discuss state-of-the art methods to address the unique opportunities and challenges of these studies. DesignAn international interdisciplinary group developed a workshop, hosted at the 2023 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Congress. Here we summarize the workshop content and outputs, with the goal of moving the field of PTOA prevention trial design forward. ResultsWorkshop highlights included discussions about target population (considering risk, homogeneity, and possibility of modifying osteoarthritis outcome); target treatment (considering delivery, timing, feasibility and effectiveness); comparators (usual care, placebo), and primary symptomatic outcomes considering surrogates and the importance of knee function and symptoms other than pain to this population. ConclusionsOpportunities to test multimodal PTOA prevention interventions across preclinical models and clinical trials exist. As improving symptomatic outcomes aligns with patient and regulator priorities, co-primary symptomatic (single or aggregate/multidimensional outcome considering function and symptoms beyond pain) and structural/physiological outcomes may be appropriate for these trials. To ensure PTOA prevention trials are relevant and acceptable to all stakeholders, future research should address critical knowledge gaps and challenges.

Valda Rūmnieka un Andreja Miglas romāni latviešu biogrāfiskās literatūras kontekstā

The article evaluates the biographical novels of the creative tandem of Valdis Rūmnieks (b. 1951) and Andrejs Migla (1940–2021) about the poet Aleksandrs Čaks (“Čaks”, 2010) and the sculptor Kārlis Zāle (“Trīs zvaigznes” ‘Three Stars’, 2013). Both novels are viewed in the context of the history of Latvian biographical novels and contemporary trends in biographical literature. The article aims to reveal the peculiarities of the biographical novels created in cooperation by the two authors and clarify the connections between traditional and new approaches. An attempt was made to classify biographical texts of different natures (documental, scientific and popular scientific biographies, and fictional biographical texts in diverse variations). The biographical novels of Rūmnieks and Migla are evaluated as works based on objective facts, where the creative imagination of authors also plays an important role, and episodes of hypothetical possibilities also have their place. The scenes of private and public life are interwoven in the narrative of both novels, marking the coordinates of the events of various historical periods and broadly expanding the contexts of cultural-historical processes. In the novel “Čaks”, the authors have experimented with the composition of the text, creating a particular form of acrostic novel. In the structure of their narrative, the authors have integrated the characteristic style elements of the poet Čaks, the characteristic texture and the artistic methods of his expression. The novels of Rūmnieks and Migla can be recognised as culturally significant and artistically interesting examples of Latvian biographical novels of the 21st century. The research used a combined methodology, cultural historical and biographical methods, and elements of literary mapping, marking the coordinates of the artistic expanse of the novels’ characters.

“Night Witch”, Warrior Maiden, Soviet Woman: The Image of a Military Pilot in the Literature of Socialist Realism (M. Chechneva <i>My Fighting Friends</i>)

Purpose. The article analyses the image of a military pilot in Soviet memoir literature. A lot of research works were devoted to the study of Soviet literature and its figurative system, but no special works have been found that focus on this character. The research material is a book of essays by M. Chechneva My Battle Friends (1968). The author used the method of mythopoetic analysis, as well as a structural-typological approach.Results. The work substantiates a typological similarity between a pilot and a warrior maiden at the characterological, gender, mythopoetic, allusive, and nominative levels. The study revealed significant elements of the image of a military pilot and associated motives – revenge, delayed marriage. These motifs refer to the inherent gender inversion in such plots, highlight the masculinity of the heroines, a characteristic of the type of female warrior. The image under the study is intertextually connected with Russian epic heroines, which allows us to talk about the traditional nature of the type itself. The semantics of the nomination “night witches” is also analyzed, which paradoxically takes on positive connotations. In addition, specific socialist realist layers were found in the model under consideration – the heroines are characterized by such qualities as discipline, rigor, and calmness.Conclusion. The image of a military pilot fits into the paradigm of the warrior maiden type, but has some peculiarities. This is due to the artistic method within which the author of the essays worked, as well as to the time of writing the works.

A Study on Image Noise Removal Techniques for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Medical image denoising is very important and challenging area in the field of image processing. MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging) is very popular and most effective imaging technique. During the acquisition, MR images affected by random noise can be modeled as Gaussian or Rician distribution. In last few decades, so many denoising techniques were proposed but there are some limitations with the algorithms, because image edges and fine details are need to preserve. So there is need of compromise between de-noising quality and edge preservation to use images for real time application. Computation time is also very important parameter to implement the algorithms. In this paper, we have done an overview of different denoising algorithm. It observes that NLM (Non-Local Means) filter is much better than other existing state of art methods. Here study is done for enhancement of NLM to improve the performance. Results of different algorithms show that PCA (Principal Component Analysis) based algorithm with NLM performs much better in both quantitative and qualitative manner.

Introduction to the special issue on new approaches to figurative language research

ABSTRACT The use and interpretation of figurative expressions (e.g., irony, idiom, and metaphor) is an integral part of everyday human communication. Thus, the ability to comprehend figurative language underpins successful communication and social functioning. Despite this, there is an ongoing debate regarding the fundamental cognitive and neural processes that support figurative language comprehension. In addition, relatively little is known regarding the additional challenges that can be faced in many situations, for example, when communicating in one’s second language, or with partners from a different culture, or when integrating information across different modalities. The purpose of this special issue is to showcase some of the latest research in this area, utilizing state of the art methods to examine comprehension (e.g., eye-tracking and EEG) and investigating how certain factors, such as cultural and individual differences and multimodal stimuli affect the comprehension process.

«Lay it into the open wounds». Art at war in Maria Kulikovska’s performative sculpture

The paper addresses the work of Ukrainian artist Maria Kulikovska, who resorts to military equipment as artistic materials and to destruction as an artistic method. In the first section, I contextualize Kulikovska’s performative sculpture within art history, claiming that it can be regarded as Destruction Art. In the second section, I turn to Catherine Malabou’s concept of “destructive plasticity” as a philosophical tool of an aesthetics of war, which offers a sound theoretical framework to further understand the implications of Kulikovska’s artistic activity. In the third section, I focus on the main material adopted by Kulikovska, ballistic soap, showing how the artist materially deconstructs inherited dichotomies that keep informing our understanding of wars. By considering the artistic practice of a feminist artist (M. Kulikovska) through the lens of feminist scholarship (K. Stiles, C. Malabou, J. Butler), the paper investigates the relations between war and the arts from a situated perspective.

Spectral-Spatial Domain Attention Network for Hyperspectral Image Few-Shot Classification

Recently, many deep learning-based methods have been successfully applied to hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. Nevertheless, training a satisfactory network usually needs enough labeled samples. This is unfeasible in practical applications since the labeling of samples is time-consuming and expensive. The target domain samples that need to be classified are usually limited in HSIs. To mitigate this issue, a novel spectral-spatial domain attention network (SSDA) is proposed for HSI few-shot classification, which can transfer the learned classification knowledge from source domain contained enough labeled samples to target domain. The SSDA includes a spectral-spatial module, a domain attention module, and a multiple loss module. The spectral-spatial module can learn discriminative and domain invariance spectral-spatial features. The domain attention module can further enhance useful spectral-spatial features and avoid the interference of useless features. The multiple loss module, including few-shot loss, coral loss, and mmd loss, can solve the domain adaptation issue. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that on the Salinas, the University of Pavia (UP), the Indian Pines (IP), and the Huoshaoyun datasets, the proposed SSDA obtains higher classification accuracies than state-of-the art methods in the HSI few-shot classification.

Acoustic and visual geometry descriptor for multi-modal emotion recognition fromvideos

<span>Recognizing human emotions simultaneously from multiple data modalities (e.g., face, and speech) has drawn significant research interest, and numerous research contributions have been investigated in the affective computing community. However, most methods concentrate less on facial alignment and keyframe selection for audio-visual input. Hence, this paper proposed a new audio-visual descriptor, mainly concentrating on describing the emotion through only a few frames. For this purpose, we proposed a new self-similarity distance matrix (SSDM), which computes the spatial, and temporal distances through landmark points on the facial image. The audio signal is described through an asset of composite features, including statistical features, spectral features, formant frequencies, and energies. A support vector machine (SVM) algorithm is employed to classify both models, and the final results are fused to predict the emotion. Surrey audio-visual expressed emotion (SAVEE) and Ryerson multimedia research lab (RML) datasets are utilized for experimental validation, and the proposed method has shown significant improvement from the state of art methods.</span>

Intelligent Technique for Moving Object Detection from Problematic Video Captured through Camera Sensor

Aim: The significant aim of the proposed work is to develop an adaptive method to compute the threshold during run-time and update it adaptively for each pixel in the testing phase. It classifies motion-oriented pixels from the scene for moving objects using background subtraction and enhances using post-processing. Background: According to the huge demand for surveillance system, society is looking towards an intelligent video surveillance system that detect and track moving objects from video captured through a surveillance camera. So, it is very crucial and highly recommended throughout the globe in numerous domains such as video-based surveillance, healthcare, transportation, and many more. Practically, this research area faces lots of challenging issues such as illumination variation, cluttered background, camouflage, etc. So, this paper has developed an adaptive background subtraction method to handle such challenging problems. Objective: To focus and study the problematic video data captured through the camera sensor. To handle challenging issues available in real-time video scenes. To develop a background subtraction method and update the background model adaptively for moving object detection. Method: The proposed method has been accomplished using the following sections: Background model construction Automatic generation of threshold Background subtraction Maintenance of background model Results: The qualitative analysis of the proposed work is experimented with publicly available datasets and compared with considered state-of-the-art methods. In this work, library sequence (thermal data) of CDNET and other color video frame sequences Foreground aperture, Waving Tree and Camouflage are considered from Microsoft’s Wallflower. The quantitative values depicted in Table- 1. This work demonstrate the better performance of the proposed method as compared to state-ofthe- art methods. It also generates better outcomes and handles the problem of a dynamic environment and illumination variation. Conclusion: Currently, the world is demanding computer vision-based security and surveillancebased applications for society. This work has provided a method for the detection of moving information using an adaptive method of background subtraction approach for moving object detection in video scenes. The performance evaluation depicts better average results as compared to considered peer methods.

A Survey on Machine Learning Based Classification Algorithms for Web Usage Mining

Abstract: Machine learning as well as data mining is research areas of computer technology whose quick expansion is due to the advances in data analysis research, growth in the database industry as well as the resulting market requirements for methods that are accomplished of extracting valuable knowledge from large data stores. It is a powerful platform that stores as well as retrieves mass information besides it becomes a time consuming uncomfortable task to search the information due to unstructured as well as heterogeneous nature of data on the web development. Web usage mining is one of the popular techniques of data mining that is utilized to discover besides quotation useful information from web document besides its service. This survey paper, conduct a comprehensive overview of the state of the art methods, clustering based machine learning based algorithms and its advantages and disadvantages of web usage mining.

Flexible model-based non-negative matrix factorization with application to mutational signatures.

Somatic mutations in cancer can be viewed as a mixture distribution of several mutational signatures, which can be inferred using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). Mutational signatures have previously been parametrized using either simple mono-nucleotide interaction models or general tri-nucleotide interaction models. We describe a flexible and novel framework for identifying biologically plausible parametrizations of mutational signatures, and in particular for estimating di-nucleotide interaction models. Our novel estimation procedure is based on the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm and regression in the log-linear quasi-Poisson model. We show that di-nucleotide interaction signatures are statistically stable and sufficiently complex to fit the mutational patterns. Di-nucleotide interaction signatures often strike the right balance between appropriately fitting the data and avoiding over-fitting. They provide a better fit to data and are biologically more plausible than mono-nucleotide interaction signatures, and the parametrization is more stable than the parameter-rich tri-nucleotide interaction signatures. We illustrate our framework in a large simulation study where we compare to state of the art methods, and show results for three data sets of somatic mutation counts from patients with cancer in the breast, Liver and urinary tract.

Heritage, identity and the creative arts in the South Wales Valleys

ABSTRACT The BG REACH project used creative arts methods to support residents of a post-industrial community in the South Wales Valleys to reflect on what the heritage of their local area meant to them. Contrary to expectation, participants did not define their shared identity primarily in relation to the industrial experience. Connections with the pre-industrial past were equally powerful, as were positive views of deindustrialisation as a healing of the landscape. Moreover, the pieces produced drew extensively upon broader motifs of Welshness, suggesting that Welsh identity may not be as terminally fragmented as some scholars have argued.

Vision transformers for segmentation of disc and cup in retinal fundus images

Several semantic segmentation models have been proposed in recent years to screen for Glaucoma in retinal fundus images, but the lack of comprehensive benchmark datasets makes it difficult to analyze their generalization ability. This paper conveys two main contributions. In the first contribution, it proposes a transformer-based model with two segmentation heads for detecting cup-and-disc in retinal fundus images. The model has two different architectures based on the mon- olithic vanilla vision transformer (ViT) and the multiscale Swin transformer, and is trained on both original images and their cropped version over the optical disc. During inference, the test image is fed into the first head for initial cropping, and then the resulting cropped image is fed into the second head for generating a refined segmentation map. The architecture is learnable end-to-end and does not require any pre- or post-processing tasks, providing promising results compared to state-of-the- art methods. In the second contribution, the models are evaluated on a new benchmark problem consisting of eight retinal datasets using a leave-one-out evaluation protocol to assess the generali- zation capability of the models. The monolithic ViT-based model yields average dice scores of 93.55% and 85.33% for the cup and disc, respectively, and a cup-to-disc ratio of 0.054 over eight scenarios, while the hierarchical Swin-based model provides average dice scores of 94.45% and 85.31% for the cup and disc, respectively, and a cup-to-disc ratio of 0.055. The method demo is available at: https://huggingface.co/spaces/BigData-KSU/Glaucoma-Detection.

Bina'u al-Nash al-Syi'rii fi Diwan Ibni al-Arandas al-Hilli

The study “Structure of the poetic text in the collection of Ibn al-Arandas: an objective and artistic study” aims to understand and analyze the poetic structure in the collection of the poet Ibn al-Arandas in an objective and artistic way. The study focuses on analyzing the literary methods and techniques that the poet used in constructing his poems, including rhyme, meter, sentence structures, and use of poetic language. The topic aims to shed light on the artistic aspects that distinguish Ibn al-Arandas’ poetry and how they affect the quality and creativity of poetry.Method: To achieve its objectives, the study relies on an analytical approach that includes a comprehensive review of Ibn al-Arandas’s poetry collection and a deep analysis of a number of his poems. The approach consists of analyzing Ibn al-Arandas's poetic texts in terms of their structure, artistic methods, and their impact on the poetic content.Result: Through this study, it is expected that the results will yield a deeper understanding of the structure of traditional Arabic poetry and how to use poetic techniques to achieve artistic and expressive goals. The results will contribute to enriching the discussion about Arabic poetry and Arabic literature.

Alexander Pushkin and His Literary Heritage in the Soviet Union in 1917–1937: from Criticism to Veneration

The article takes the process of changing attitudes to the creative heritage of Alexander Pushkin in the Soviet state as the subject of research. The goal of the research is to reveal the role played by the heritage of Alexander Pushkin in the policy of the so‑called “cultural revolution” and to what extent it contributed to the revolution’s success. Within the framework of this goal, the following tasks were set: to identify which political circumstances influenced the process under review, how strong was the overestimation of the significance of Pushkin’s creative heritage, what role it played against the background of ideological education. The task was also to consider specific events and, first of all, the 100th anniversary of the poet’s death as the moment of the final consolidation of Pushkin’s top position in the pantheon of Russian classics. The novelty of the research consists in considering changes in the attitude towards Pushkin and his creative heritage in conjunction with changes in theoretical objectives that determined the cultural development of the country. In the course of the research, the following conclusions were successfully reached. Despite the paramount importance of the theory of “two cultures” and the ideological attitudes of the Soviet government in its early years, in terms of which Pushkin as a representative of the exploiter class had to be criticized, there was no complete denial of his creative work even among the representatives of the Proletkult (the Proletarian Culture movement). At the time the cultural uniformity was established through the use of the only possible artistic method — socialist realism with highly valued ideologic content, simplicity and concreteness — models for inspiration were actively looked for. Eventually, the simplicity and national spirit of Pushkin’s characters managed to satisfy the demands in the best way possible. Despite the fact that the preparation and celebration of the Pushkin jubilee in 1937 were held according to the rules set by ideological campaigns, it had a tremendous positive effect and introduced Pushkin’s works to the broad masses of people. Pushkin’s creativity captivated millions of people. From there, we can say that the cultural development of the Soviet Union cannot be perceived one‑sidedly.

A BÁBOZÓ GYEREK TITKA, AVAGY A BÁBU MINT A LÉLEK KIHANGOSÍTÓJA

According to Teréz Virág (1998) a psychologist with regard to the 'mysteries' of the power of the puppet, three different spheres are worth investigating, namely the mysteries of the puppets, that of the child who plays with the object, and that of the puppeteer's. She views puppetry as creation, the puppeteer as the life-giver, and the puppet as an object of transition. When the aim is to develop the artistic methods as well as explore the 'general utility' of puppetry, it is worth further focusing on segments such as the making of the puppet, acting with the puppet, and perceiving the puppet play. These are three different viewpoints and three approaches. The study presents that the puppet in the child's hand is capable of embodying incomprehensible and insufferable feelings as well as making the unknowable accessible. In pedagogy today puppet play is believed to undoubtedly have a developmental impact, argued for widely with conventions, but it seems that there is still a lack of sincerely understanding of the being of the puppet and its mechanism of action, its principal essence. In my study, I elaborate on the questions of why and how puppet play can be of assistance, and what the puppet can actually mean in the child's hands. The puppet is an object, that makes a motion as it is assuming a role and takes action while portraying this role, it substitutes for someone or something. Being the puppet presupposes a space for the play, in which it takes the place of this someone/something by replacing what it represents. The primary goal of the study is to show that by playing with an object, a puppet lays a bridge in an abstract way between the visible and the invisible world, enabling thus art pedagogy to develop the child with its complex mode of action. The psychological mechanism of identification is best characterized by the eagerness to act, and the artistic genre of puppet play, providing the stage for action, is eminently capable of satisfying this urge. In the creative process, the approach of animation, the metaphorical thinking of the puppeteer, the abstraction as well as the development of the related assertive skills rely on all the operations of thinking; also, the simultaneity of the multi-lateral perception, the complex interpretation of communication play important roles.

EVOLUTION OF THE REALISTIC ARTISTIC AND AESTHETIC METHOD

This article delves into the evolution of the realist method, examining its interrelation with various artistic trends and currents. The impact of socio-political processes on the method's development is explored, emphasizing the dynamic nature of the artistic method and its continuous modifications in the expression of the author's ideas. The concept of 'realism' as a primary method in art is expounded, with an analysis of the perspectives of philosophers, art critics, and artists on its understanding throughout different epochs of cultural development. Characterizing features of realism are delineated, and a conceptual framework is presented, positing "realism" as a means of engaging with and comprehending spiritual and practical reality. The study establishes that realism serves as a conduit for unveiling the social and historical essence of humanity. Realistic painting, in particular, plays a pivotal role in transmitting the cultural code, illustrating the reciprocal interaction between individuals and their surrounding reality. This interaction contributes to a holistic representation of a specific historical period. The research paper encompasses a comprehensive examination of artistic methods, trends, and concepts, including romanticism, impressionism, symbolism, cubism, modernism, postmodernism, and metamodernism. The article underscores the significance of studying the evolution of realism in the visual arts and posits that the phenomenon in realistic art centers on the symbiotic relationship between individuals and their environment. In conclusion, the article asserts that realism not only unveils national traits but also communicates authentic facts that subsequently contribute to the shaping of historical mentality. The research interest in this exploration stems from a profound concern for understanding the nuanced evolution of realism in the visual arts.

Making and interpreting: digital humanities as embodied action

Digital technology has created new spaces, new realities and new ways of life, which have changed the way people perceive and recognise the world. In particular, the production, dissemination and reception methods of literature and art have been impacted upon significantly. Acknowledging humanities scholars have been engaged in conducting research while theorising and debating what Digital Humanities (DH) is/is not in the past two decades, this study extends current thought on DH by connecting it with the concept of sociological body, particularly thinking bodily interaction in relation to digital technologies in DH practice. The increasingly deepening integration of body and technology allows DH practice to become an event, in which embodied bodily action is situated in the (digital) environment that impacts on knowledge production. Acknowledging contemporary discourse regarding the two waves of DH, the article pays attention to the presence of the body whereby DH practice is bodily inclusive as mediated by digital technology, in which bodily interaction in producing knowledge via technologies reflects haptic experience and cultural constraints upon the sociological body. At the same time, technologies are not an innocent medium but an active contributor, so much so that we claim knowledge produced with the substantial involvement of digital technology is ‘digitised’ knowledge, as our critical interpretation towards a possible DH 3.0 practice that is subject to the core value of the humanities.

LSTM-NAS-Net: Enhanced Brain Tumor Segmentation in MRI and CT Images using LSTM-Autoencoder-based Neural Architecture Search

Brain Tumour (BT) a mass or a lump or a growth which occurs due to abnormal cell division or unusual growth of cells in the brain tissue. Initially, the two major types of BT are Primary BT and Secondary BT, the tumour that originate from brain is known as Primary BT and it may be cancerous or non-cancerous. The tumour the initiates from other part of the body and spreads to the brain is stated as secondary BT. Diagnosing BT generally involves a multiple investigation method, such as MRI, CT, PET, SPECT as well as the neurological examinations and blood investigations, whereas some of the patients may need biopsies to evaluate the tumour size and stage. Here we use MRI and CT images for BT segmentation whereas these modalities play a major role in diagnosing, treating, planning and monitoring the BT patients. Moreover, the multimodal data can provide a quantitative information’s about the tumour size, shape, volume and texture. While segmenting the BT the lack of segmentation methods and the interpretability of the segmented regions are limited. To overcome this, we propose a novel LSTM autoencoder bas NAS method which is used for the extracting the BT features and these features can be fused using Contextual Integration Module (CIM) and segmented using the Segmentation Guided Regulizer (SGR) which helps to overcome the stated issues. Finally, the performance metrices are calculated by comparing with the state-of -the -art methods and our method achieves a best segmenting metrices.