Artificial Intelligence Robotics Research Articles

Perspectives: Nursing roboethics: ethical issues for artificial intelligence robots, nurses' roles and the future.

Perspectives: Nursing roboethics: ethical issues for artificial intelligence robots, nurses' roles and the future.

인공지능의 쟁점과 규범적 대응

Digital, led by ChatGPT, is triggering innovative changes in all areas, including politics, economy, society, and culture. It is the so-called era of digital deepening. Digital innovation brings infinite possibilities and benefits to mankind, but artificial intelligence (AI) technology or research field for realizing human cognitive, reasoning, and judgment on a computer. In this paper, we will use a mixture of artificial intelligence and AI. It is also raising various issues that did not exist in the past, such as legal personality and tort liability, product copyright, and job change. Along with the development of artificial intelligence, what is being raised is the issue of ethics of artificial intelligence. For example, if a biased algorithm such as gender discrimination or racial discrimination is inserted by an artificial intelligence robot developer, artificial intelligence robots will also have this biased idea. In this respect, it is necessary to properly establish not only the technical research of artificial intelligence but also the ethical aspect. Accordingly, major institutions around the world are making efforts to develop artificial intelligence in the right direction for mankind by establishing 23 principles called 'Asiloma AI Principles' in 2017. These issues have complex and diverse interests and are difficult to resolve due to the lack of a clear normative system, so it is necessary to improve social acceptance through the establishment of a new normative system (order). This article examines the prerequisites for establishing a practical new digital order and normative system (Artificial Intelligence's legal personality and tort responsibility, artificial intelligence's fairness and ethics principles and equality principles, artificial intelligence and judgment, artificial intelligence and jobs, artificial intelligence and copyrights), and examines the constitution and administrative law to respond to artificial intelligence. It is always important to keep in mind that “artificial intelligence cannot take precedence over the constitution and basic rights” when it comes to normative responses. Regarding the relationship between the state and science and technology, the Constitution stipulates that “the state shall endeavor to develop the national economy through innovation of science and technology and the development of information and manpower (Article 127), and the rights of authors, inventors, and science and technicians are protected by law (Article 22).” It is constitutionally declared that the state should actively plan, form, and lead in a certain direction for the promotion of science and technology directly. In relation to these constitutional provisions, the establishment and implementation of science and technology policies can be seen as an important duty given to the Republic of Korea as a democratic welfare state. Apart from private autonomy, it is urged to prepare a basic artificial intelligence law to protect the safety and basic rights of the people affected by artificial intelligence.

Information communication technology, economic growth, natural resources, and renewable energy production: Evaluating the asymmetric and symmetric impacts of artificial intelligence in robotics and innovative economies

The ongoing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into the fundamental fabric of society constitutes a transformative process, with the potential to exert profound influence on various facets of human existence including environmental quality. Our research investigates the interaction of AI and renewable energy production in 22 leading robotics and innovative countries, providing crucial insights into a previously underexplored domain. The study's novelty and originality are in demonstrating the precise impact of AI in enhancing and revolutionizing renewable energy production, consequently addressing, and filling a critical study gap. Our analysis comprises both asymmetric and symmetric assumptions to cover the positive and negative shocks of artificial intelligence on renewable energy from 1991 to 2020. The findings from the panel NARDL analysis provide substantial support for the profound impact of changes in artificial intelligence (AI) on the substantial stimulation of renewable energy in the long-run. Furthermore, AI plays a substantial role in enhancing long-term renewable energy production in the panel symmetric ARDL. In the country-specific investigation, it is found that Austria, Germany, and New Zealand are the nations where both affirmative and adverse changes in AI improve clean energy structure significantly in the short run. Natural resources, information communication technology (ICT), and economic growth also enhance renewable energy production. Finally, policies are directed to increase renewable energy production.

Smart Farming For A Greener Tomorrow: The Interflow Of AI, IoT And Robotics

The agricultural sector provides a job whereby several people are now employed to supervise and/or pluck the farm produce with great prospect of enhancing efficiency. This paper explores a crucial aspect of smart farming that involves the application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, IoT technology and robots [1]. Smart Farming has been created with these technologies to obtain accuracy, optimal use of resources, and protection of the environment. It has been proved through several case studies to be effective in different agricultural settings. This paper emphasizes the capacity of Smart Farming to transform farming towards a greener and eco-friendly outlook for agriculture. The implementation of AI algorithms will help farmers in making informed decisions for maximizing production output, improving resource allocation among other issues. IoT devices like sensors and drones help in real-time monitoring of the soils and plants’ health while considering the weather conditions.

Criminal Responsibility for Errors Committed by Medical Robots: Legal and Ethical Challenges

Objective: This study aims to know Criminal Responsibility for Errors Committed by Medical Robots, where the use of robots in healthcare and medicine has been steadily growing in recent years. Robotic surgical systems, robotic prosthetics, and other assistive robots are being into patient care. However, these autonomous systems also carry risks of errors and adverse events resulting from mechanical failures, software bugs, or other technical issues. When such errors occur and lead to patient harm, it raises complex questions around legal and ethical responsibility Char. Method: A descriptive analytical method was followed. Results: Traditional principles of criminal law have not been designed to address the issue of liability for actions committed by artificial intelligence systems and robots. There are open questions around whether autonomous medical robots can or should be held criminally responsible for errors that result in patient injury or death. If criminal charges cannot be brought against the robot itself, legal responsibility could potentially be attributed to manufacturers, operators, hospitals, or software programmers connected to the robot. However, proving causation and intent in such cases can be very difficult. Conclusions: The prospect of bringing criminal charges against a non-human triggers ethical dilemma. Should autonomous machines have legal personhood? How to weigh patient safety versus promoting innovation in medical technology? This research will analyze the legal and ethical challenges associated with determining criminal responsibility when medical robots cause unintended harm. It has important implications for patient rights, healthcare regulation, technological ethics and the legal status of intelligent machines.

Analysing the impacts of artificial intelligence service quality and human service quality on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in the hospitality sector

This study explores the differential role of artificial intelligence (AI) and human interface (HI) in the hospitality industry and their impact on customer satisfaction and loyalty. In response to intense competition, the industry is increasingly adopting advanced technologies such as AI and artificial intelligence robotics (AIR) to enhance customer service and improve the overall experience. The primary objective of this research is to investigate how hotel visitors perceive AI service quality and human service quality and how these perceptions influence consumer satisfaction and loyalty. This contributes to the existing knowledge on the use of AI in the hotel sector and provides valuable insights for future research. Additionally, the study demonstrates that customer satisfaction acts as a mediator between both human service quality and AI service quality and customer loyalty. Importantly, the indirect effect is stronger for human service quality compared to AI service quality, highlighting the need to strike a suitable balance between AI efficiency and human empathy. The findings underscore the potential of AI-powered services to enhance customer satisfaction and operational effectiveness within service organizations. However, the study emphasizes the continued significance of employee service in shaping customer experiences in the service-dominant era. By understanding the potential benefits and challenges associated with AI adoption, organizations can make informed decisions and develop effective strategies for integrating AI technologies. This research contributes to the advancement of AI implementation in the hospitality industry, leading to improved business performance and enhanced customer experiences.

Research on the Application of Artificial intelligence and AI Robotics in Product classification using QR code

The article presents the application of artificial intelligence and AI Robots in classifying products using QR codes. The robot's integrated arm allows the picking and sorting of products. Using a high-precision Servo motor, road detection sensor, and an ultrasonic sensor to detect objects and determine distance and coordinate location to perform product selection, monitoring, and receiving operations image format through camera.

Integration of artificial intelligence and augmented reality for assisted detection of textile defects

The Fourth Industrial Revolution conceptualizes the rapid change of industries resulting from the convergence of technologies such as artificial intelligence, genetic editing, and advanced robotics that enable increasing interconnectivity and machines that can analyze and diagnosing problems without human intervention, through intelligent automation. In this scenario, the use of augmented reality technologies is of great interest. The paper aims to explore the use of augmented reality in support of traditional inspections for assisting textile experts in fabric defect detection. The contribution of this study consists of three main phases, necessary for the future development of the system: (1) the analysis of possible automatic defect detection techniques; (2) the analysis of hardware solutions for the realization of a system based on important criteria such as operator comfort, system footprint, and so on; (3) the proposal of a possible comprehensive solution. Considering these aspects this paper identifies and investigate the best scenario for the introduction of artificial intelligence and augmented reality technologies to help the operator in the detection of textile defects.

May AI Robots Provide Accurate Information About SSHL? A Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT and Gemini

Objective: This study aimed to compare the accuracy and comprehensiveness of answers provided by the artificial intelligence (AI) models ChatGPT 3.5 and Gemini in response to medical inquiries concerning sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL). Material and Method: The researchers created a series of 20 open-ended questions derived from the 2019 guidelines of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and evaluated the accuracy and completeness of the AI-generated responses. Results: Gemini achieved higher average scores in both completion and accuracy compared to ChatGPT. While the difference in accuracy scores was not statistically significant, the difference in completion scores was found to be statistically significant. Both AI models were able to provide accurate answers (scoring 5 or 6 on a 6-point scale) to the majority of the questions, with Gemini achieving a higher success rate than ChatGPT. Conclusion: The study highlights the potential of AI models to provide useful medical information, but also emphasizes the need for caution and oversight when relying on these technologies, particularly in the medical field. The authors recommend educating healthcare professionals about the limitations of AI, obtaining patient consent for AI-assisted medical decisions, and integrating ethical principles into the development and deployment of these technologies.

어린이집 교실 내 유아와 인공지능 로봇 간의 상호작용 양상과 시간의 흐름에 따른 변화 분석

The purpose of this study is to introduce artificial intelligence (AI) robots to day-care centers to examine how children interact with robots in a natural environment and whether these interaction patterns change over time. Accordingly, the AI robot ALPHA MINI was introduced into two classes (33 children and 3 teachers) at daycare centers for 5 years olds to observe interactions among children, teachers, and a robot for three months. In addition, interviews with teachers were conducted after using the robot. The findings of the study revealed that children mainly use simple language with robots to en-gage in entertainment-oriented interactions, information acquisition interactions, and emotional interactions. Furthermore, while the interaction between children and robots remained relatively stable over time, it was noted that children leading the interaction with robots circulated, and the interaction patterns between peers mediated by robots has changed. Based on these findings, we highlight the need for prior deliberations on techni-cal support, teacher education, and AI ethics as prerequisites for the integration of AI ro-bots into early childhood classrooms.

인공지능(AI)의 입법적 쟁점에 관한 고찰

Recently, artificial intelligence with excellent performance has been spread and used. Looking at artificial intelligence from a legal aspect, the main issue is what kind of legal responsibility can be held for the judgments and actions of artificial intelligence. Living in the age of artificial intelligence today, we need wisdom to rationally coordinate the interests of the parties surrounding these legal responsibilities and prepare social systems for a safe life. If artificial intelligence with human-level free will, that is, an artificial intelligence robot that can think and act like a human, emerges after passing through the so-called singularity, the robot will show activities similar to humans, and the era in which humans and artificial intelligence robots live together is coming. However, this situation is still a story of the future, and it can be said that whether to grant artificial intelligence a level of free will similar to that of humans is the greatest task imposed on mankind today. The summary of the legislative issues in each field of artificial intelligence is roughly as follows.
 First, legislation on safety and ethics is needed. Artificial intelligence technology is very powerful, and accordingly, mistakes, malfunctions, or abuses may infringe on human life and safety, rights and freedoms, so countermeasures and legal regulations are urgently needed and appropriate. Second, it is necessary to legislate personal information protection regulations. Since artificial intelligence has the ability to collect and analyze personal information, protection and regulation are essential. Although there are already many laws for the protection of personal information, more specific legal regulations are needed for the data collected and analyzed by artificial intelligence. Third, legislation on accountability is needed. Since artificial intelligence works by programs, developers and operators must manage it responsibly. It is necessary to think about the legal regulation of these responsibilities and how to share them. Fourth, new legislation is needed according to economic and technological development. As AI technology develops, the competitiveness and growth of companies are greatly affected, so companies need cooperation and support for investment, development, and regulation to use and develop these technologies.
 Accordingly, in the field where artificial intelligence is used, a legal system that resolves issues related to artificial intelligence is essential, and through this, it will ensure safe and effective use while maximizing the benefits of artificial intelligence.

Evaluation of the Implementation of the Independent Curriculum with a Technology-based Learning Model

The implementation of the independent Curriculum in the field of education through the utilization of technology models oriented towards Society 5.0 era, such as Internet of Things (IoT) or Artificial Intelligence (AI), big data, and artificial robots that will fulfill human needs to address other requirements. This research analyze three perspectives: students, teachers, and institutions related to implementation of the independent Curriculum oriented towards Society 5.0 era. This study uses a mixed method research approach. The data collection technique in this study used random sampling techniques. Data analysis is inductive or qualitative, and the results of this study emphasize meaning rather than generalization. From the student's perspective, there is a significant difference indicating a significant difference between the previous curriculum-13 and the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in terms of students' development at school. From the teacher's perspective, indicates a significant difference, meaning that access to relevant educational resources and participation in professional activities are evident. From the institution's perspective, 97.9% of schools and teachers have accessed the digital platform of the independent Curriculum, with only 2.02% remaining to implement it. The implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum allows schools, teachers, and students the freedom to organize and develop their own curriculum while encouraging the use of technology in learning.

메이커 교육 프로그램이 초등 예비교사의 창의적 문제해결력에 미치는 효과

The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of maker education programs on the creative problem-solving ability of preservice elementary teachers. For such purpose, maker education program for preservice elementary teachers was developed, and its effect was verified by applying such program. The development of the maker education program was carried out in the preparation, development, and improvement steps, and the verification of its effect was carried out by applying the pretest-posttest design with a single group targeting 20 preservice elementary teachers in their freshman year. The collected data were analyzed by conducting a matching sample t-test at a significance level below .05. The results of the study were as follows. First, maker education program was developed through Make A Thon using artificial intelligence and IoT robot under the subject of ‘Build a device that improves inconvenience in life!’ It was developed as a 15-hour education program, and the program was designed to cultivate creative problem-solving ability through pre-tinkering including basic learning activities of artificial intelligence and IoT robots and Make A Thon activities allowing preservice elementary teachers to discover inconvenient problems in life and find solutions to create devices. Second, the developed maker education program showed a statistically significant effect on improving the creative problem-solving ability of preservice elementary teachers. Third, the developed maker education program had a statistically significant effect on all sub-factors of creative problem-solving ability of preservice elementary teachers including problem discovery and analysis, idea generation, action planning, execution, persuasion, and communication.

Google Bard Generated Literature Review: Metaverse

Literature review articles aim to present studies in a field to researchers in a regular, systematic and meaningful way. It is often a very difficult process to reach all the studies in the field to be reviewed or to identify and evaluate the important ones. With this study, the use of Artificial Intelligence robots and moreover generative artificial intelligence in literature review processes is evaluated. Google Bard was used to detect artificial intelligence's ability to generate a literature review article. First, Bard was asked questions to write about some of the Metaverse-related topics in this article. Some of the texts in the study were generated entirely by the answers given to the questions asked by Bard. In addition, 10 articles on Metaverse published in the last three years (2021, 2022 and 2023) were collected by searching Google Scholar with the word "Metaverse". Afterwards, these studies were interpreted by Bard. Bard was told to paraphrase the summary parts of the related studies and the produced texts were shared in the study. All produced texts were checked through ithenticate and the results were evaluated. In addition, the texts were evaluated semantically. Additionally, a comparison with the capabilities of OpenAI ChatGPT is given. The results are promising; However, it was observed that the plagiarism matching rate of the paraphrased texts was higher when compared to the answers given to the questions. This article is an experiment to show that the collection and expression of knowledge can be accelerated with the help of artificial intelligence. It is considered that the relevant tools will be used more and more effectively in academic literature in the future.

A Multifunctional Flexible Tactile Sensor Based on Resistive Effect for Simultaneous Sensing of Pressure and Temperature.

Flexible tactile sensors with multifunctional sensing functions have attracted much attention due to their wide applications in artificial limbs, intelligent robots, human-machine interfaces, and health monitoring devices. Here, a multifunctional flexible tactile sensor based on resistive effect for simultaneous sensing of pressure and temperature is reported. The sensor features a simple design with patterned metal film on a soft substrate with cavities and protrusions. The decoupling of pressure and temperature sensing is achieved by the reasonable arrangement of metal layers in the patterned metal film. Systematically experimental and numerical studies are carried out to reveal the multifunctional sensing mechanism and show that the proposed sensor exhibits good linearity, fast response, high stability, good mechanical flexibility, and good microfabrication compatibility. Demonstrations of the multifunctional flexible tactile sensor to monitor touch, breathing, pulse and objects grabbing/releasing in various application scenarios involving coupled temperature/pressure stimuli illustrate its excellent capability of measuring pressure and temperature simultaneously. These results offer an effective tool for multifunctional sensing of pressure and temperature and create engineering opportunities for applications of wearable health monitoring and human-machine interfaces.

The need for human-centered design for AI robots in urban parks and forests

The beneficial effects of urban parks and forests on the well-being of city dwellers have gained widespread recognition. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) robots have been employed in urban parks for various purposes, such as 24-hour patrol, COVID-19 physical distancing, and assisting visitors. While these robots offer significant benefits, visitors may harbor a negative perception towards autonomous robots, which could potentially undermine the recreational experiences in urban parks and forests. To test such impacts of AI robots, this study examines public perceptions of AI robots in urban parks. An extensive dataset of 36,520 comments from YouTube videos showcasing these robots was collected and analyzed using sentiment analysis, binomial logistic regressions, and topic modeling. The findings revealed that negative comments were widespread, encompassing their fear of AI robots controlling and harming people. These findings underscore the importance of adopting a human-centered approach in the design and implementation of AI robots in urban parks.

Merging Minds and Machines: The Role of Advancing AI in Robotics

The relentless pursuit of creating intelligent robotic systems has led to a symbiotic relationship between human inventiveness and artificial intelligence (AI). Artificial intelligence is a theory. It is the development of computer systems that are able to perform tasks that would require human intelligence. This abstract explores the pivotal role that AI plays in advancing the capabilities and applications of robotic systems. The integration of AI algorithms and machine learning techniques has launched robotics beyond mere automation, enabling machines to modify, alter, adjust, learn, and interact with the world in ways previously deemed science fiction. Design fictions that vividly imagines future scenarios of AI or robotics in use offer a means both to explain and query the technological possibilities. Examples of these tasks are visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages. The three key dimensions of AI’s role in robotics are Cognitive Augmentation, Human-Robot Collaboration, and Autonomous Intelligence. The abstract also discusses the societal implications of this AI-driven advancement in robotic systems, including ethical considerations, job market impacts, and the democratization of access to advanced technology. The convergence of human intellect and artificial intelligence in robotics marks a transformative era where machines become not just tools, but companions, collaborators, and cognitive extensions of human capabilities. Researchers are taking inspiration from the brain and considering alternative architectures in which networks of artificial neurons and synapses process information with high speed and adaptive learning capabilities in an energy-efficient, scalable manner. The indispensable role of AI in shaping the future of robotic systems and bridging the gap between human potential and machine capabilities is highlighted. The major impact of this synergy reverberates across industries, promising the world where robots become not just mechanical contraptions / defective apparatus but intelligent partners in our journey of progress.

Research progress of wearable temperature sensor based on electronic skin

The rapid development of science and technology has led to an increasing demand for new sensors, among which wearable temperature sensors based on electronic skin have played a particularly important role in artificial limbs and intelligent robots. This paper introduces the physical structure and working principle of wearable temperature sensor based on electronic skin. In this part, it focuses on two models of electrical signal changes caused by temperature changes. At the same time, the circuit structure and signal transmission and signal processing mode are also mentioned. This paper also introduces the characteristics of the material used in order to achieve direct contact with the human body. Some researchers work is also introduced, including accurate and linear reflection of temperature changes, fast response, durable use, and resistance to external interference, etc. The researchers research on the realization of the above functions is mentioned in the paper. Finally, the practical application and future prospect of this type of temperature sensor are introduced. In addition, some more mature technologies for the preparation of such wearable temperature sensors based on electronic skin are also described in this paper.

Application of Robotics, Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning in Modern Agriculture Technology: A Review

In order to determine their potential impact in the field of agriculture, the proposed work aims to review the various artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, with a focus on expert systems, robots designed specifically for agriculture, and sensors technology for data collection and transmission. These techniques include fuzzy logic (FL), artificial neural network (ANN), genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimisation (PSO), artificial potential field (APF), simulated annealing (SA), deep learning. The application of AI techniques and robots in cultivation, monitoring, and harvesting is not highlighted in any literature, making it difficult to compare each one simultaneously based on popularity and usefulness while also understanding how each contributes to the agricultural industry. With knowledge of the extent of AI engaged and the robots used, this paper compares three crucial agricultural phases: cultivation, monitoring, and harvesting. The current study offers a comprehensive analysis of over 200 publications that cover the use of automation in agriculture as of 1960 and 2021. It draws attention to the unmet research needs for developing intelligent, self-governing agricultural systems. The frequency of various AI, robotics and deep learning techniques for particular applications in the agriculture industry round out the article.

Development of artificial intelligence in the AI-Mandamus project: elements of developed know-how

This paper aims to identify and examine elements of the development and application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) solutions in the context of the Brazilian Judiciary (PJ). The primary focus is on the AI-Mandamus project, a result of the collaboration between the University of Brasília and the Court of Justice of Roraima (TJRR), which aims to generate and issue certain types of judicial orders (warrants) for compliance with determinations made by TJRR judges. The AI-Mandamus was conceived after studies on judicial logistics conducted by the Lab DR.IA at the University of Brasília, in response to one of the bottlenecks identified in the judicial process: the generation, issuance, and execution of judicial orders (warrants). This paper will provide context and applications of AI in the Brazilian justice system, detailing part of the development of AI-Mandamus, which consists of two AI robots that read judicial documents and generate orders, integrating with the central system for their execution. The exploratory methodology of the study was based on primary sources generated during the development of the tool, supplemented by secondary sources to support the decisions of the development team. The relevance of the participation of legal experts in all stages of AI development was demonstrated, as well as its significance as a mechanism for improvements in the forensic routine.