Artificial Baits Research Articles

Behavioral response and retinal adaptation of Blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) exposed to LED lights – Led light as a potential artificial attractant in trap fishing

Trap fishing offers many potential benefits such as high catch quality and the possibility to release unwanted catch alive. The use of wild fish as a bait in trap fishing, however, can be troublesome and may involve sustainability concerns. There is a need for accessible and sustainable alternative attractant that is not based on marine resources which can be used for human consumption. To reduce reliance on natural bait and to improve the catch rate of traps, underwater LED lights have recently been tested with promising results in several trap fisheries targeting crustaceans. We investigated in laboratory conditions the response and behavior of blue swimming crab towards different LED light colors and a natural bait. Our results suggest that blue swimming crab has a high preference for blue LED light. The frequency of crab moving toward attractant was highest with blue light, followed by natural bait, red light, and green light. Trap equipped with blue LED light captured 3,5 times more crabs than trap with red light. In addition, during the 60-min exposure time, a trap with blue LED light was equally effective as a trap with natural bait to retain crabs caught in a trap. Furthermore, our study shows that the rhabdom layer of blue swimming crab eyes was more pigmented with a blue light than green and red light which indicates that its eye is more sensitive to blue light. Our experiments suggest that the use of blue LED light as an attractant would be a potential alternative to natural bait. Further research, however, is required through fishing trials in natural conditions to verify the effectiveness of LED light as artificial bait to blue swimming crab.

Development of fish gelatin-based artificial fish baits incorporating bioattractants from seafood processing waste

The study dealt with evolving an artificial fish bait by incorporating bioattractant concentrates derived from seafood processing wastes by enzymatic hydrolysis namely fish waste concentrate (FWC), squid waste concentrate (SWC), and shrimp processing concentrate (SPWC). They were characterized based on amino acid content and presence of different functional groups using FTIR. Among them, SWC was found to have the highest amino acid content of 60.85mg/100 mg followed by FWC (42.21mg/100 mg) and SPWC (24.82mg/100 mg). The developed artificial fish baits were subjected to protein leaching, solubility in seawater besides testing for acceptability by the red snapper. The study revealed that the bait incorporated with SWC at 3% level was found be the most ideal, with the protein leaching rate of 24.82 mg/g/h, solubility rate of 36.6 mg/g/h and the attractability score of 29/30. The amino acid leaching rate was 3.11 mg/h/100 mg and it was found to contain five amino acids such as glycine, proline, glutamic acid, alanine and serine. The study revealed that the hydrolyzed squid waste concentrate can be incorporated at 3% (w/w) with fish gelatin based biomatrix during gelation to prepare artificial bait.

PERFIL DOS PESCADORES RECREATIVOS NA LAGUNA DA JANSEN, SÃO LUÍS, ESTADO DO MARANHÃO

This study provided to analyze the profile of recreational fishermen who frequent Laguna da Jansen on the island of São Luís - MA, Eastern Amazon, because of the socio-economic importance of the activity as an important source of employment and income. Data were collected from June to August 2020 from semi-structured online interviews applied to the study’s target audience using the “snowball” method. 78 questionnaires were applied, of which 95% were men, aged between 26-35 years (35%), 40% with professional occupation in the private sector, and average monthly salary ranging from 1 to 3 minimum wages (47%). Most of the interviewees use: reel and spinning reels (31%), with artificial baits (54%) and landed fishing (37%). They have the snnoks Centropomus spp. (34%), the tarpon Megalops atlanticus (31%), and the ladyfish Elops saurus (15%) as target species. Recreational fishing in Laguna da Jansen has shown to be very promising, but it needs improvements in the local infrastructure, such as the construction of a fishing pier, kiosks with specific stores for fishing materials, and selling food products, cleaning, public lighting, and treatment of domestic effluents and improving the system for opening and closing the gates, optimizing the flow of water exchange, and minimizing eutrophication due to the accumulation of organic matter and other organic and inorganic compounds.

Previous experience alters individual vulnerability to angling of crucian carp (Carassius auratus)

In recreational fisheries, fish often undergo catch-and-release angling, which can lead to an indirect selection response of the behavioral traits of the fish. As individuals experience high-intensity angling activities, individuals learn to avoid being selected for artificial bait again, resulting in a change in the vulnerability to angling of fish, which is partly dependent on the cognitive learning ability of the fish. Here, we examined the relationship between vulnerability to angling and learning in juvenile crucian carp (Carassius auratus) under laboratory conditions. Our study had six angling treatments with each containing different group mates (i.e., the angling stress group, all fish that only experienced repeated angling stress practice for a period of three days; the learning group, all fish that only observed individual in the angling stress group to be angled; the control group, all fish that did not undergo any angling or learning; the mixed Group 1, fish are from the control and learning groups; the mixed Group 2, fish are from the control and angling stress groups; the mixed Group 3, fish are from the learning and angling stress groups), each of which consisted of five replicates). All fish were tested for boldness before and after the previous experiences (i.e., angling stress or learning) test. Our results showed that for the stress group, the total angling time, mean individual angling time and total number of bait touches all increased from Day 1 to Day 3, and the total angling rate decreased during the three days of the angling stress practice. After encountering the previous experiences, fish in the control, stress and learning groups all had increased boldness, as assessed by a shortened percent latency to emerge from the refuge. The change in the percent latency of boldness was higher in the stress group than in the learning group, with the control group being intermediate. Furthermore, no differences in the total angling time and total number of bait touches were detected among the six angling treatments, but the stress group exhibited the longest mean individual angling time and lowest angling rate compared with the other five angling treatments, indicating that angling-stressed individuals greatly decreased their vulnerability to angling after the previous angling stress. Our results show that changes in the vulnerability of crucian carp to angling were related to previous individual angling experience but not to visual social learning.

Hematology of Astyanax novae Eigenmann, 1911 (Characidae: Stethaprioninae) in Neblina stream, eastern Amazon, Brazil

This study aimed to identify and measure the hematological parameters (erythrogram, thrombogram, white blood cell count and plasma metabolites) of the species Astyanax novae Eigenmann, 1911, collected in the urban stream, Neblina river in the city of Araguaína – TO, Brazil. The captured animals totaled 60 individuals, which were collected with a cast net and with the aid of a rod and reel with artificial bait. Blood collections were performed by caudal puncture of the caudal blood vessels, and blood data were collected according to the methodology described in the bibliography. From the results of the hematological analysis, mean values were obtained, which were: Hematocrit (Ht): 12.0%; Hemoglobin (Hb): 3.6 g/dL and erythrocytes: (GV): 0.59 x 106/uL. The allusive of variations in these parameters may suggest indicators of contamination in the environment where these animals are inserted. And it is concluded that the immune responses presented by the differences between the results of these parameters are indicative of changes in the water quality of the Neblina stream.

Live bait or artificial bait? Efficiency in recreational fishing for sea bass (Centropomus parallelus)

This study analyzed the efficiency of lambari Deuterodon iguape as a live bait compared to the artificial bait traditionally used in sea bass fishing (Centropomus parallelus) to demonstrate the viability of its use in recreational fishing. Two boats, with one fisherman each, operated on the Itanhaém river, on the southeastern coast of Brazil, in monthly samples, between October 2019 and September 2020. For statistical analysis, 2x2 and nx2 contingency tables were built and subsequent analysis was performed of the proportions between factors by applying Pearson's chi-squared independence test. It was found that the type of bait used was not associated with catches. In relation to the specimens of sea bass captured, their lengths varied between 20 and 50 cm and the weighed between 400 and 1500 g. The lambari D. iguape is as efficient as artificial bait for bass fishing in inland waters as one economic alternative for sports fisheries. In the context of coastal management, this study shows that the use of live bait of native species produced in a closed recirculation system is a desirable activity from a social and economic point of view, as artisanal fishermen and small rural producers can become suppliers of live baits, contributing to the generation of employment and income.

Subcellular Dynamic Immunopatterning of Cytosolic Protein Complexes on Microstructured Polymer Substrates.

Analysis of protein–protein interactions in living cells by protein micropatterning is currently limited to the spatial arrangement of transmembrane proteins and their corresponding downstream molecules. Here, we present a robust and straightforward method for dynamic immunopatterning of cytosolic protein complexes by use of an artificial transmembrane bait construct in combination with microstructured antibody arrays on cyclic olefin polymer substrates. As a proof, the method was used to characterize Grb2-mediated signaling pathways downstream of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Ternary protein complexes (Shc1:Grb2:SOS1 and Grb2:Gab1:PI3K) were identified, and we found that EGFR downstream signaling is based on constitutively bound (Grb2:SOS1 and Grb2:Gab1) as well as on agonist-dependent protein associations with transient interaction properties (Grb2:Shc1 and Grb2:PI3K). Spatiotemporal analysis further revealed significant differences in stability and exchange kinetics of protein interactions. Furthermore, we could show that this approach is well suited to study the efficacy and specificity of SH2 and SH3 protein domain inhibitors in a live cell context. Altogether, this method represents a significant enhancement of quantitative subcellular micropatterning approaches as an alternative to standard biochemical analyses.

Financial feasibility of hand line fisheries and determination of tuna production in Ambon Island

The potential availability of fish resources can be utilized in various economic activities to improve the welfare of coastal communities. The utilization of tuna by using hand line is still carried out by small and medium scale fisheries with some limitations, such as technical production, costs and management skills. The purpose of this study was to describe the technical profile of tuna fishery production in Ambon Island, specifically in Negeri Tial and Negeri Laha; analyze the absolute profit level of tuna fishermen; analyze hand line fisheries business feasibility; and determine the efficient fishing input. Negeri Tial and Laha are the centers of handline fisheries in Ambon Island. This study was conducted by survey. Primary data collection through empirically constructed questionnaires and secondary data obtained from several related agencies. Samples were taken purposively, so that the number of samples in each Negeri was 20 units. A qualitative method approach is used to describe the technicalities of tuna fisheries production, while for other purposes a quantitative approach is used. The results showed that in increasing production, tuna fishermen in Tial and Laha used relatively the same type of hand line and fishing vessel size, but the use of artificial bait in Laha was more varied. Both research objects gain advantages and are feasible to be developed. Fishing input that is efficient in increasing production is the experience of fishermen and the frequency of fishing. Based on the research results, hand line tuna fisheries in Negeri Tial and Laha can be developed to improve the welfare of business actors.

Adaptation of an artificial bait to an automated aerial delivery system for landscape-scale brown treesnake suppression

Dead neonatal mice are currently used as bait for delivery of toxin to invasive brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) on Guam; once deployed in the field the mice are highly attractive to the snakes but only for about four days. An artificial bait containing a mixture of fats mimicking those in skin of the mice is also highly attractive to the snakes and remains attractive 2–3 times longer. The artificial bait, however, costs more than the mice, and is more difficult to attach to the capsules of a novel aerial bait delivery system. This paper describes a reformulation of the bait which reduced the ingredient cost to 11% of its former value, without compromising its attractiveness to free-ranging snakes. Three lipid formulations using different source materials to produce the same fatty acid profile target were tested along with two levels of pork fat to yield six test formulations. No differences in bait disappearance were noted in field testing of the baits, indicating that decisions regarding bait formulation could be made on the basis of cost without sacrificing efficacy. Separately, testing of 17 commercially available adhesives identified five for field testing. Among these, two demonstrated strong, weather-resistant bonds between the oily surface of the artificial baits and the bait capsules as evidenced by only 13.4% and 4.5% of baits falling off suspended capsules. Importantly, neither of these adhesives impacted bait removal by snakes in field trials in comparison to baits with no adhesive.. The results represent an advance in technology development for landscape-scale suppression of brown treesnake populations.

Palatability and Physical and Chemical Defenses in Five Annelid Polychaetes from Tropical Brazilian Beaches

AbstractAlthough researchers have examined numerous marine organisms' compensatory characteristics to minimize predation pressure, few have investigated the defensive mechanisms of polychaetes, despite their diversity. Thus, our study's aim was to evaluate the palatability and defensive strategies, both chemical and structural, in the polychaetes Branchiomma luctuosum, Perinereis anderssoni, Phragmatopoma caudata, Eurythoe complanata, and Timarete sp. Another twofold aim was to determine, by comparing our results with the literature, any latitudinal difference in the defensive strategies of E. complanata and to assess defensive mechanisms and palatability in relation to individuals' mobility, overtness, body regionalization, and color. Specimens were collected at Boa Viagem and Itaipu Beaches in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In assays, a generalist consumer, the hermit crab Calcinus tibicen, was used to evaluate palatability and defenses. In palatability assays of live tissue of the polychaetes, consumers were offered a fresh piece of each polychaete to gauge their acceptance or rejection; in artificial food assays to test extracts of the polychaetes, artificial bait containing extracts of the polychaetes was offered to crabs to identify any chemical defense. Although the extracts of B. luctuosum, E. complanata, P. caudata (i.e., opercular crown), and Timarete sp. were not palatable to the consumers, extracts of P. anderssoni and P. caudata (i.e., body) were. Moreover, the opercular crown of P. caudata and the branchial crown of B. luctuosum showed evidence of structural and chemical defenses. The results corroborate past findings, suggesting no latitudinal variation in the defensive strategies of E. complanata. In general, less motile and more exposed species, aposematic or dark in color, exhibited greater investment in defensive strategies and unpalatability.

KELEBIHAN & KEKURANGAN RAGAM UMPAN PANCING IKAN ARTIFISIAL BENTUK KATAK

Artificial fishing lures are of various shapes made to mimic animals that have become the natural diet of fish, one example is the frog-shaped which is generally used to lure predatory fish in freshwater waters. Over time, the various forms of frog bait are now increasingly diverse, so it is necessary to make an observation regarding each of its advantages and disadvantages by taking several representative product samples to be discussed in depth, provided that the criteria that the selected artificial bait product must still display characteristics the shape of a frog, so it's not just the name on the product packaging. The findings state that there are 7 types of frog-shaped bait, each of which is categorized according to its characteristic shape and movement which has advantages and disadvantages.

Valorization of discarded industrial fish processing wastes for the extraction of gelatin to use as biodegradable fish bait matrix using RSM

Extraction of gelatin from fish wastes and the development of artificial fish bait matrix using the extracted gelatin were attempted in the study. Biochemical composition of fish wastes (heads, skins, fins and scales) and the gelatin derived from the wastes of corresponding body parts and physicochemical properties of fish gelatin were analyzed. Considering high yield (19.8–22.4%), good gel strength (1.99–2.3 N), high melting point (27 °C) and simple extraction process, the scale gelatin was selected for the development of artificial fish bait matrix. To optimize the levels of gelling agent, cross linker and solvent for the preparation of bait matrix, RSM was adopted. Gel strength and insolubility ratio were analyzed to know the suitability of the bait. They were found to have the gel strength ranging from 1.3 N to 23.5 N, insolubility ratio from 55–83%, and melting point from 34.3 °C to 41.1 °C. The optimum levels of ingredients for the preparation of ideal bait matrix were standardized as: gelatin-25.5%, sucrose-22.5% and water-52%. The curing temperature and curing duration were optimized based on the optimum gel strength of 20.84 N and insolubility ratio of 74.5% was 5 °C and 25 h respectively. The study revealed that a developed fish bait matrix suitable for fishing can be made from gelatin derived from fish wastes.

Hematological parameters of three species of the peacock bass (Cichla spp.) from Balbina lake, Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, Brazil.

The objective of this study was to characterize and compare the hematological variables (erythrogram, thrombogram, leukogram and plasma metabolites) of three cichlid species: Cichla monoculus, Cichla temensis and Cichla vazzoleri. A total of 45 specimens were captured in Balbina lake, Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, Brazil, with the aid of a rod and reel or hand line, with natural or artificial bait: 15 C. monoculus, 15 C. temensis and 15 C. vazzoleri. Their blood was removed by means of caudal puncture of the dorsal aorta, and hematological data were determined in accordance with methodology previously described in the literature. The erythrogram showed similarities between the species, while the thrombogram showed differences between C. vazzoleri and the other species studied (C. monoculus and C. temensis). The total leukocyte counts for C. temensis and C. vazzoleri were higher than those of C. monoculus. The predominant leukocyte in C. temensis and C. vazzoleri was lymphocytes, whereas it was monocytes in C. monoculus. The plasma metabolites showed differences between the three cichlid species, regarding their glucose, cholesterol, urea and potassium levels. It is concluded that these three species present hematological differentiation, thus indicating that they have differentiated blood-cell immune responses and plasma metabolite physiology.

PENGARUH PELAPISAN FOSFOR PADA UMPAN BUATAN TERHADAP JENIS IKAN PANCING

Artificial bait for fishing rod is the key component for successful catch. Artificial bait is usually designed in certain ways that will attract fish to go after it. One of the design for artificial bait is the addition of phosphor in order to improve the bait’s ability to radiate light so fish will be attracted to go after it. The research is conducted in Kupang Bay, East Nusa Tenggara from April to May 2020. The method used is experimental fishing, with increasing amount of phosphor being used in every 60 grams of bait. There are four levels of treatment; without phosphor, 10 grams, 30 grams, and 50 grams of phosphor. The amount of fishing trips being repeated are 16. Result of the research shows that there are nine type of caught fish, which are Sphyraena sp , Lutjau ruselli , Caranx sexfasciatus , Plectropomus leopardus , Rastrelliger sp , Trichiurus lepturus , Lutjanus lutjanus, Lutjanus jocu, and Epinephelus coioides . The result of analysis of variance shows that increasing amount of phosphor significantly impact the amount of type of fish being caught. Using LSD test, it also shows a significant difference of type of catch between bait without and with phosphor. Based on catching point, there are four spots with overall bait treatment resulting in a catch. Those waters are Tenau, Kera, and Semau.

Ecophysiological interactions in species of peacock bass Cichla spp. from the Amazon

The peacock bass species Cichla spp. are economically important in the Amazon region, being used in food, sport fishing and the ornamental fish market. The aims of present study was investigate the ecophysiological interactions and the relationship to the physical parameters of the water. In order to compare and ecologically correlate the species of peacock bass (Cichla monoculus, Cichla temensis and Cichla vazzoleri) in Lake Balbina, Presidente Figueiredo. The total of 45 animals, 15 individuals of each species, was captured with rod and reel, hand line with natural and artificial bait. The animals blood was removed by means of caudal puncture and the hematological data were determined according to methodology previously described in the literature. The analysis of water physical properties was determined during the collections. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used for observations of interactions (60.00%). The PCA of the erythrogram showed an interaction of 86.26%, the thrombogram and leukogram of the peacock bass species showed no interaction. The PCA of the plasma metabolites showed no interaction with a rate of 51.55%, however, there is a tendency in the x axis, where the species C. monoculos presents distinct ecophysiological patterns of C. temensis and C. vazzoleri. In the analysis of the physical properties of the water, was observed interaction 96.59%, where in the X axis the species C. monoculos and C. vazzoleri inhabit exclusive localities. It is possible to infer that C. monoculos presents a different pattern compared to other species.

Effect of Coconut Leaves, Coconut Palm (Cocos nucifera) as Artificial Bait on the Catch of Fish Traps at Telaga Batin Water, Terengganu

Highlight1. Coconut leaves, as artificial bait on the catch of fish traps2. Coconut palm as artificial bait on the catch of fish traps3. Fish species and bycatch species in traps with different baitsAbstractFish trap is one of the most frequently used fishing devices by people around the world. The purposes of this study are to determine fish species and bycatch species in traps with different baits such as coconut leaves, regular fish bait, and without bait at Telaga Batin waters. Coconut leaves from coconut palm, (Cocos nucifera) were used as artificial fish bait, replacing normal live bait. Nine traps with the size of 4 m x 2 m x 6 m of steel structure framed with galvanized wire mesh of 1.5 inches were immersed for 48 hours at different depth (15m, 20m and 25m). The whole procedure was repeated four times with a total of 20 types of species and 132 individuals in total were caught. One-way ANOVA was chosen to analyze data collected. The value calculated was not significant for fish traps with coconut leaves (P >0.168) compared to fish traps with normal live bait (P <0.022), the devices with artificial bait were able to catch several cuttlefishes. Individually, traps with normal bait were able to get more species, but in terms of species value, traps with coconut leaves have the advantage as cuttlefish being more valuable in the market compared to certain demersal fishes.

Feeding response of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) to attractants made from by-products from the fishing industry

The aim of this behavioural study was to identify potential feeding attractants to be incorporated in an alternative longline bait for Atlantic cod. The attractants should be based on low-cost surplus resources that are not used for human consumption. The food search and feeding responses of wild caught cod to eight attractants made from products from the fishing and aquaculture industry were compared to traditional squid bait in a laboratory study. All attractants tested triggered feeding responses in cod, indicating that there are several by-products from the fishing industry that have potential as an attractant for an artificial longline bait. The three most effective attractants were herring processing by-products, sand eel hydrolysate and hydrolysate by-products from the shrimp industry, which all elicited stronger food search and feeding responses than squid. Our results indicate that both free amino acids and other unidentified compounds are important in eliciting feeding responses in cod. Thus, attempts to identify efficient feeding attractants to be incorporated in alternative baits should be based on using complete aqueous extracts, rather than isolating a mixture of potent components.

Live versus artificial bait influences on walleye (Sander vitreus) angler effort and catch rates on Escanaba Lake, Wisconsin, 1993 - 2015

Walleye (Sander vitreus) support harvest-oriented fisheries that are generally assumed to be self-regulating, but many walleye populations have declined over time. Regulations (i.e., length or bag limits, closed seasons) commonly used to manage walleye primarily restrict angler effort and exploitation as opposed to influencing catch rates. We evaluated walleye angler compulsory creel survey data from Escanaba Lake, Wisconsin during 1993–2015 to test whether bait type (i.e., live versus artificial) influenced walleye angler effort, probability of a catching a walleye, total catch, catch rates (hereafter, catch per unit effort (CPUE)), and catchability. The number of walleye anglers that used live bait was significantly higher (26,250) than those that used artificial bait (2414). Angler effort differed significantly by bait type (mean live 3.4 ± 0.04 SE and mean artificial 2.9 ± 0.1 SE hrs/trip). The use of live bait, the use of a guide, angler effort, walleye density, and month significantly influenced the probability of a catching a walleye and the abundance of catch. CPUE was highest in April-May and declined into the summer. CPUE and catchability (q) were significantly higher for live bait anglers (CPUE mean 0.44 ± 0.04 SE fish/hr; q mean 0.02 ± 0.002 SE) compared to artificial bait walleye anglers (CPUE mean 0.19 ± 0.03 SE fish/hr; q mean 0.008 ± 0.002 SE). Our results suggest that angler catchability of walleye in Escanaba Lake was dependent on bait type. A live bait restriction may be a viable tool for reducing exploitation in open-access walleye fisheries during population rehabilitation efforts while maintaining angling opportunities.

Which moths might be pollinators? Approaches in the search for the flower‐visiting needles in the Lepidopteran haystack

1. The natural history of pollination has been studied for centuries and is well documented for diurnal insect species, such as bees and butterflies, but less so for moths. There are notable cases of pollination systems among moths, but given their enormous diversity and primarily nocturnal habits, the role of moths as flower visitors is poorly understood. One potential issue with studying moth‐pollination systems is determining which approach to use in order to acquire data and reveal pollination patterns and dynamics. Based on reports from the literature and the authors' own research, this paper outlines eight approaches that can be employed to search for patterns of flower visitation by moths.2. The outlined approaches include searching the internet and online databases, sampling ecosystems, monitoring specific flowers, using artificial baits and floral scent lures, using moth phylogeny, proboscis morphology, and DNA and environmental DNA metabarcoding, which are supplemented with a brief description of the techniques and examples for each approach.3. Each approach has the potential to increase researchers' knowledge of associations between moths and the flowers that they visit, but their relative strengths and limitations are dependent on scope, efficacy of application, technical expertise, and level of effort.4. Each of these approaches, alone or in combination, are likely to be useful in the search for novel information on the natural history of flower visitation by moths and other potential pollinators.

THE EFFECT OF BAIT TYPES ON SQUID CAPTURE Loligo sp. IN TUING WATERS OF BANGKA REGENCY

Tuing waters become the main catchment area of ​​squid in Bangka Regency. Bait is one important factor in squid fishing trying to captivate the target with something as its prey is in the form of smell, taste, movement, shape and color both artificial baits and natural baits. The objective of the study was to analyze the catch of squid with different baits. The research was conducted in May 2016 in Tuing Waters of Bangka Regency. The method used in this research is the trial of catching the squid. Analysis of data used using Mann Whitney test. Taking data 4 times a month using squid fishing line. The results obtained between fishing with artificial feed and natural baits differ significantly because of Z count (2.17)> Z table (1.96), then H0 is rejected. This is because the waters of Tuing in May 2016 are not the season for the cultivation of the umi-squid. The catching season of squid occurs in November-Desenber in Tuing Waters. Squid is highly associated with environmental factors such as salinity, temperature and depth of water. Chemical Physical Factors The aquatic waters against the catch of squid.