Abstract
Extraction of gelatin from fish wastes and the development of artificial fish bait matrix using the extracted gelatin were attempted in the study. Biochemical composition of fish wastes (heads, skins, fins and scales) and the gelatin derived from the wastes of corresponding body parts and physicochemical properties of fish gelatin were analyzed. Considering high yield (19.8–22.4%), good gel strength (1.99–2.3 N), high melting point (27 °C) and simple extraction process, the scale gelatin was selected for the development of artificial fish bait matrix. To optimize the levels of gelling agent, cross linker and solvent for the preparation of bait matrix, RSM was adopted. Gel strength and insolubility ratio were analyzed to know the suitability of the bait. They were found to have the gel strength ranging from 1.3 N to 23.5 N, insolubility ratio from 55–83%, and melting point from 34.3 °C to 41.1 °C. The optimum levels of ingredients for the preparation of ideal bait matrix were standardized as: gelatin-25.5%, sucrose-22.5% and water-52%. The curing temperature and curing duration were optimized based on the optimum gel strength of 20.84 N and insolubility ratio of 74.5% was 5 °C and 25 h respectively. The study revealed that a developed fish bait matrix suitable for fishing can be made from gelatin derived from fish wastes.
Highlights
Industrial fish processing wastes are currently used for the preparation of fish meal or manure or discarded
Considering high yield, good gel strength, high melting point, simple extraction process and lesser utility for the development of any fishery byproducts in general, the scale gelatin was selected for the development of artificial fish bait matrix
Owing to the availability of industrial fish wastes in adequate quantity and their biodegradable nature, fish wastes were selected for value addition as artificial fish bait in this study
Summary
Industrial fish processing wastes are currently used for the preparation of fish meal or manure or discarded. Apart from the industrial fish processing wastes, the wastes generated from the retail market outlets located near the fishing harbours are usually discarded in the vicinity of fishing harbour itself due to the want of proper disposal facility Their direct discharge into the coastal waters adjacent to fishing harbour leads to coastal pollution (Govindharaj, Roopavath & Rath, 2019). UNO has stressed the need for developing artificial fish baits with the view to conserve forage fishes which are exploited to the tune of 18 MMT globally every year (UNO, 2014) to use in long line fishing as baits, of which around 40% are found to be vital species with good food value and ideal for direct human consumption (Dellinger et al, 2016). The present study aims at developing a fish gelatin based artificial fish bait matrix suitable for use in long line bait
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