Articulation Process Research Articles

Collaboration in the digital age: From email to enterprise social networks

Alors qu’il était perçu comme un moyen de communication révolutionnaire dans les années 1990, l’email a progressivement montré ses limites… si bien qu’il est devenu une source de surcharge informationnelle. Afin d’adresser ce problème, de nombreuses organisations ont adopté des réseaux sociaux d’entreprise (RSE) comme moyens de communication alternatifs. De façon surprenante, peu de recherches se sont penchées jusqu’à aujourd’hui sur le processus d’articulation de ces deux technologies et sur l’influence de cette articulation sur les pratiques de travail et le problème de la surcharge informationnelle, à travers l’analyse d’éventuels effets de complémentarité ou de substitution. Dans cet article, nous développons une étude empirique qualitative des articulations entre emails, RSE, et autres outils collaboratifs, sur la base : 1) d’une étude exploratoire de trois entreprises de secteurs variés, 2) d’une auto-ethnographie reposant sur une observation participante dans une grande entreprise de télécommunication française, et 3) d’une validation auprès d’experts. Le diagramme causal qui en résulte, permettant de spécifier l’articulation des usages de l’email, des RSE et des outils collaboratifs spécialisés, suggère trois principales contributions. Premièrement, nous développons notre compréhension du problème de surcharge informationnelle, en précisant que ce dernier n’est pas intrinsèque à l’email, et se voit de plus en plus remplacé par le concept émergent de « surcharge collaborative ». Deuxièmement, nous mettons en évidence que les RSE ne sont pas la panacée afin d’encourager de nouveaux comportements au sein de l’organisation. Troisièmement, nous mettons en exergue que les organisations ont moins besoin d’un outillage RSE que d’une stratégie de transformation digitale, mettant l’accent sur les besoins des collaborateurs, plutôt que sur la promesse des RSE de changer les cultures d’entreprises et pratiques.

A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA REDE FAIRTRADE PARA A PERFORMATIVIDADE CRÍTICA EM COOPERATIVAS DE CAFEICULTORES

The aim of this article is to analyze the influence of the Fairtrade network formation and articulation process on the critical performativity of coffee producer cooperatives. The study is based on a qualitative, exploratory, and interpretative approach based on the triangulation of semi-structured interviews, non-participant observation, and documents for the construction of the case study carried out in a cooperative of Conilon coffee producers. The main results indicate that the insertion of the cooperative in the network promoted by Fairtrade allowed an expansion of its way of acting without the loss of identity, resisting the numerous pressures exerted by the other members, from democratic mechanisms that became engines to boost the critical performance of the organization. From the investigation, it is believed that the article advances in the discussion of critical performativity, showing that in alternative organizations such as cooperatives, this proposal challenges the proposition of simply questioning discourses and managerial practices, requiring a pragmatic intervention for the transformation of organizational reality.

Preservation of Cultural Identity through Speech Components in the Southern Coastal Java Environment

This research discusses the form of defence of the southern coastal community which is frequently considered strange by most of the Indonesian archipelago community. The analysis began with discussing the linguistic phenomena of the local community, identifying and corroborating the findings as initial capital to determine the analysis method. The findings can be useful for making corrections or structuring social and cultural policies towards indigenous/local wisdom and preserving cultural identity. The research was oriented to the speech lexicon of the Southern coastal communities of Central Java. This research used descriptive qualitative and contextual approaches. The analysis used to describe the speech component was dialect geography and collaborated with an anthropological-linguistic approach to find innovative forms and factors that maintained local identity. As the southern coastal chain of Central Java, bordering with West Java, the nuances of cultural acculturation as a form of cultural pluralism are very visible. Cultural acculturation results in the emergence of language enclaves. The language enclave is formed because the speech community has a speech code that is different from the mother tongue and the nearest language. Language enclaves formed on the southern coast of Central Java occur at the level of internal innovation. Internal innovations in the southern coast language enclave occur in the form of allophones and allomorphs that can be traced based on the articulation process. Social heritage as a form of language preservation in the language enclave of the southern coast of Central Java is formed by the characteristics of simplicity and social intelligence of the people.

Гласные: соответствие формант артикуляции

This paper presents the results of long-term studies of the vocalism of languages of different families in the Nadelyaev Laboratory of experimental phonetic research (Institute of Philology, SB RAS). The study was conducted using both somatic and acoustic research methods. The analysis involved the material collected by the author and taken from other works involving the same methods, so that all the obtained material could be comparable. Vowels were determined to be laryngeal sounds of complex formation, referred to as “laryngeal-ligamentous”, with the work of the vocal folds being a prerequisite in their production. 8 independent laryngeal-ligamentous sound types were distinguished, including laryngeal-rounded (“o”, “ö”, “y”, “ÿ”) and non-laryngeal-rounded (“a”, “e”, “ъ”, “i”). All these should be considered basic for all languages, although not all languages have implementations of all sound types. For each of these sound types, a complex articulation process in the larynx, to be identified and described, results in a sound wave characteristic of a specific sound type. In the pharynx, mouth, or nose cavity, this sound wave changes due to various articulatory movements: narrowing, compression, vibration of the scooped-out folds, movement of the body of the tongue, soft palate, lower jaw, and lips. Thus, several variants of the same sound type are produced: basic or allotypes (without additional articulation) and complicated (with additional articulation). The “Table of basic sound types” presents the basic variants with some necessary extensions and a new classification of vowels by series, with these series related to formant indicators and palatal arch. The table “Transcription designation of the main vowel settings” shows the transcription system with reference to the table “Main vowel types” in the V. M. Nadelyaev’s classification.

Multichannel Speech Acquisition and Analysis for Computer-Aided Sigmatism Diagnosis in Children

A novel concept for acoustic data acquisition for computer-aided diagnosis of a common speech disorder (sigmatism) is presented in this paper. We designed and built a data acquisition device enabling repeatable speech signal acquisition in up to fifteen spatially-organized acoustic channels. The system is safe, non-invasive, comfortable, visually attractive to the user, and does not affect the articulation process. It is easy and convenient to use and transport and does not require a specialized measuring room. We collected a large speech corpus containing speech samples from 107 children aged five or six. The data were acquired according to a dedicated protocol. They consisted of multichannel acoustic recordings of selected words containing sibilants and diagnostic descriptions of articulatory features prepared by speech therapy experts. The data acquisition device was examined for responses and repeatability of individual microphones in the presence of various synthetic and human-generated acoustic stimuli. Then, it was verified for its ability to indicate distinctive patterns in spatial energy distribution in different realizations of two sibilants: /s/, /∫/ in three pronunciation categories each, based on collected speech-articulation corpus. The results confirm that a multichannel speech signal can be successfully employed for the analysis of the spatial distribution of airflow during normative or pathological realization of sibilant sounds in children. The method is promising for comprehensive analysis of articulatory features, which follows new trends in the description of speech disorders; such an approach was not employed in speech diagnosis or therapy so far.

「高大接続テスト(仮称)」と日本型高大接続の転換

「高大接続テスト(仮称)」と日本型高大接続の転換

An Evaluation Framework for Virtual Articulatory Movements Based on Medical Video

An important aspect of a Speech tutoring aimed talking-head system (STTS) is the accuracy of produced articulatory movements. Little work has been done for the Articulatory movements' accuracy (AMA) evaluation in STTSs. Although subjective evaluation is reliable, it is time consuming and inconvenient. The traditional objective evaluation is comparing the motion of several points on the surface of the synthetic articulator to the Electromagnetic articulography (EMA) data which describes the motion of corresponding points on the articulatory surface of a speaker. The EMA information is too limited to describe the whole shape changing of deformable articulators for a speech process. To solve this problem, we propose a substantially different objective evaluation method based on a separately recorded medical video. The synthetic articulatory shapes in a speech process are compared to the corresponding shapes tracked from the medical video. This method is translation, rotation, and scaling invariant which allows the comparison of the shapes from the synthetic tongue and the medical images. The time difference problem of synthesis results and medical video is solved by introducing Dynamic time warping (DTW) to the proposed method. Experimental results demonstrate that our method has the ability to evaluate the deformation shape accuracy from an entire articulation process. The comparison results suggest that our method is more accurate than the traditional method especially for deformable articulators.

The Semiotic Construction of the Sense of Agency. The Modal Articulation in Narrative Processes.

The sense of agency is an ongoing process of semiotic construction of the action starting from the affective, cognitive, intersubjective and cultural matrix of experience. A person narratively constructs the sense of her agentive experience and in doing so does not refer exclusively to the "what", but also to the "how". There is always a specific "modus" to experience one's own action. We present the psychological notion of the Modal Articulation Process (MAP), namely the way through which a person orients and configures in a contextual frame the sense of her actions by means of modal operators of necessity, possibility, impossibility, contingency, but also knowledge, will, capability, constrain and opportunity. The notion of Modal Articulation Process is proposed as a semiotic, dynamic and recursive process that articulates narratively many aspects of the agency: the relational positionings and the way of experiencing them, the constraints and the resources present in the socio-symbolic context, the inherent temporality of every human phenomenon. Although the study of modal operators has an ancient and solid tradition of research in the fields of modal logics, analytical philosophy and narrative semiotic disciplines as well, yet in the field of the psychological sciences - except for a few authoritative isolated cases (Kurt Lewin, Rom Harrè, Jaan Valsiner) - there is not a great deal of attention on the relevance of these symbolic devices and their function in constructing the sense of action in a narrative way. Indeed modal articulation processes are at stake both during daily common routines and during exceptional turning point experiences that request a reconfiguration of the sense of one's own agency (e.g. the experiences of illness demand a new modal re-articulation). Our discussion is aimed at deepening and developing the notion of modal articulation, its functions and its specificities.

Estimation metrics in software projects

A software product that implements a hybrid metric was developed. It articulates relevant characteristics of three estimation metrics in Communication and Information Technology (CIT) development projects: (i) history points, (ii) use case points, (iii) function points; as a planning strategy to control problems in software projects that tend to last longer than expected and generate higher costs. The Software product provides tools for making estimates based on expert judgments, planning poker and analogies with other projects that apply to agile projects. A descriptive statistical method was used in the first phase and an analytical method in the second phase. The analysis process is accomplished through the development of a Web application, used in the planning process of software projects in the Systems Engineering program of the Francisco de Paula Santander University. The article describes the characteristics implemented in each metric and its articulation process for the development of estimates. EstimaSoft is obtained as a result, as a support tool in the estimation of projects, in the identification of development trends, through the documentation of lessons learned.

Produção de vídeos educativos sobre saúde a partir da interlocução entre estudantes e pesquisadores

A escola como um espaço de saber – social, dialógico e cultural – é de fundamental importância no processo de popularização dos conhecimentos científicos. Com base em um projeto que se encontra em desenvolvimento, em uma parceria entre a Fiocruz Minas e três escolas da rede pública estadual no município de Belo Horizonte, este artigo relata a interlocução entre escola e pesquisa/ciência. Como estratégia de pesquisa buscou-se envolver ativamente os educandos na construção de questões relacionadas a temas de saúde. Nesse processo de articulação entre escola e instituição de pesquisa, dúvidas e questionamentos distintos levantados em cada uma das escolas foram apresentados aos pesquisadores da Fiocruz, que dialogaram com os discentes. Toda a pesquisa foi registrada na forma de vídeos, visando à construção de um material midiático educativo, que será distribuído na rede pública de ensino do estado de Minas Gerais.

Governance-as-practice for major public infrastructure projects: A case of multilevel project governing

The aim of this article is to advance a conceptualization for governance-as-practice, based on current developing streams of processual and practice studies — strategy-as-practice and project-as-practice. Although project governance has gained recognition as an important object of inquiry, what is actually done by different actors having to manage those projects has been studied much less. This article presents a qualitative research based on a multiple-case study of four major public infrastructure projects in Quebec, Canada. Considering the role of material artefacts in this process, along with organizational change, the results show how projects performative practices were enacted against the ostensive ones, uncovering a process of multilevel project governing. The main contributions are: 1) to unfold the knowledge articulation process of an institutional project governance framework, as it is translated into projects, and 2) to understand and document governmental practices in order to reflect on them and gain deeper insights about project governance.

Problems of Speech Perception Experienced by the EFL Learners

Most native speakers of English modify complicated sequences in connected speech in order to simplify the articulation process. This habit has created problems in the part of EFL learners as they are not trained enough to extract word sequences from the running speech. As a consequence, misperception occurs, which often leads to the failure in the listening comprehension. This article is intended to prove that such a problem is not solely triggered by the native speaker factor. Other factors might play pivotal roles, too and need to be carefully examined. In light of this interest, a secondary research aimed at revealing factors causing speech perception problems was carried out. The research result shows that problems of speech perceptions experienced by the EFL learners were mostly caused by their phonetic knowledge and phonological competence, besides lexical and syntax knowledge.

O Movimento Afro descendente e as Campanhas de Identidade Étnica Racial na América Latina e Caribe

O presente artigo faz um recorrido diacrônico no processo de articulação das organizações afrodescendentes da América Latina e Caribe para a inclusão das categorias “cor” e “raça” nos censos demográficos nacionais de 2005 a 2013, tendo como contexto as campanhas de comunicação de auto identificação, organizada pelas entidades afrodescendentes na América Latina e o Caribe e os governo nacionais dos países que fizeram parte da ronda dos censos da década de 2010, entre os quais estão Argentina, Brasil, Colômbia, Costa Rica, Equador, Honduras, Uruguai, Paraguai e Peru. O eixo central do artigo é buscar identificar como estes países utilizaram as plataformas virtuais para impulsionar estas campanhas e que mediações comunicativas se fizeram presentes. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto foi utilizada a pesquisa bibliográfica, e a observação não participativa nos blogs, paginas webs dos atores sociais envolvidos no processo.

Diversity Regimes and Racial Inequality: A Case Study of Diversity University

Despite record investment in diversity infrastructure, racial inequality persists in higher education. This article examines, through a case study of diversity’s articulation process, how diversity is defined, organized, and implemented within an American public flagship university. My findings reveal what I characterize as a diversity regime: a set of meanings and practices that institutionalizes a benign commitment to diversity, and in doing so obscures, entrenches, and even intensifies existing racial inequality by failing to make fundamental changes in how power, resources, and opportunities are distributed. My concept of a diversity regime helps explain how and why organizational commitments to multiculturalism and diversity often fall short in practice. The concept of a diversity regime also helps us better understand the underlying processes that perpetuate racial inequality.

A influência da rede de negócios na produção de bens simbólicos em empresas de softwares no cluster porto digital

O estudo visa a compreender a influência que a rede de negócios exerceu sobre a produção de bens simbólicos no contexto de empresas de softwares no cluster Porto Digital. Nesse sentido, foi desenvolvida uma análise da rede de empresas articuladas no polo de Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) da Cidade do Recife (PE), intitulado Porto Digital, um dos principais Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APL) voltados para a produção de softwares no Brasil. As trilhas de investigação constituíram o suporte para um estudo de caso de natureza qualitativa, em que a construção do corpus da pesquisa teve como base a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas e o acesso a dados secundários referentes ao Arranjo. Os resultados corroboraram o entendimento de que, no processo de articulação empreendedora existente no Porto Digital, a influência que as redes de negócio exercem com respeito a suas empresas viabiliza o aumento de pesquisa e desenvolvimento, a potencialização de expertise e a promoção de ações inovadoras, contendo elementos estruturadores que efetivam a geração de bens repletos de valor simbólico. O fator associativo existente nessa rede se deve ao ambiente de incertezas e mudanças no que concerne à relação tempo-espaço, que pode articular a composição de novas redes organizacionais num eventual ciclo virtuoso de inovação tecnológica.

Facial Expression Recognition in the Presence of Speech Using Blind Lexical Compensation

During spontaneous conversations the articulation process as well as the internal emotional states influence the facial configurations. Inferring the conveyed emotions from the information presented in facial expressions requires decoupling the linguistic and affective messages in the face. Normalizing and compensating for the underlying lexical content have shown improvement in recognizing facial expressions. However, this requires the transcription and phoneme alignment information, which is not available in broad range of applications. This study uses the asymmetric bilinear factorization model to perform the decoupling of linguistic and affective information when they are not given. The emotion recognition evaluations on the IEMOCAP database show the capability of the proposed approach in separating these factors in facial expressions, yielding statistically significant performance improvements. The achieved improvement is similar to the case when the ground truth phonetic transcription is known. Similarly, experiments on the SEMAINE database using image-based features demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique in practical scenarios.

Articulación de la educación media con la educación superior: instrumento administrativo para el sector educativo de la ciudad de ibagué

El presente estudio tiene por objeto determinar el proceso de articulación que se lleva a cabo entre la educación media y la educación superior en el Municipio de Ibagué; para ello, inicialmente se presenta la incidencia de la cobertura en educación al proceso de articulación educativa en Colombia, cómo soporte teórico al tema objeto de estudio. Seguidamente, se enseña la metodología utilizada en el proceso investigativo tomando como base la población sobre la cual se concentró el estudio (57 colegios públicos del municipio de Ibagué). En este tamaño muestral se administraron encuestas, entrevistas y análisis de documentos, cuyos resultados permitieron concluir que existe un interés por parte de la Secretaría de Educación Municipal, de los colegios e instituciones técnicas y/o tecnológicas y de las mismas universidades para articularse. Sin embargo, no existe una orientación que encause unas políticas públicas claras para establecer cuáles son las competencias que deben desarrollar los estudiantes, y de esta manera alinear el conocimiento hacia el empoderamiento de actitudes que les permitan desarrollar las actividades requeridas por el sector productivo del país.

Contribution of innovation intermediaries in agricultural innovation: the case of agricultural R&D in Tanzania

With the current global economic reforms and advances in science, the move has been towards privatisation of the agricultural knowledge infrastructure. However, inadequate capacity of agricultural entrepreneurs and the diversity in the characteristics of the agricultural technologies have created market and system failures, resulting in imbalances of the supply and demand of technologies and hampering private agricultural business development. Experience from countries with mature innovation systems indicates the emergence of innovation intermediaries that facilitate agricultural entrepreneurs to innovate. Using a case-study approach, the present study identified and mapped the recipients of technologies from agricultural research institutions in Tanzania and analysed the extent to which ‘innovation intermediation roles’ have been applied by recipients in relation to demand articulation, network brokerage and innovation process management. Through an in-depth analysis of twelve cases, the study revealed the role of innovation intermediation performed by NGOs and R&D as project interventions not as their core activities. The study demonstrates the potential contributions of innovation intermediaries in agricultural innovation processes and recommends official recognition and government support in the establishment and implementation of innovation intermediation activities outside the project set-ups.

Collage as Analysis

In this article, the authors take up the question of what they do when they do analysis in post-qualitative research contexts. Working as a/r/tographers who see their artist/researcher/teacher practices as simultaneous and non-hierarchical, they use theory, writing, and collaging to think beyond work produced by “positivist, scientific storytellers.” Art-making within inquiry becomes a rigorous articulation process through which sense (rather than meaning) is tentatively fabricated. The article includes a three-part assemblage that conveys how the authors articulate thought through pieced fragments of data in ongoing movements of hoarding, mustering, and folding, the aim of which is not to conclude with answers but to pause, gather energy, and invite comments until questions spur them on again.

Intervention Breakdowns as Occasions for Articulating Mobile Health Information Infrastructures

AbstractThis study investigates a mobile health project launched in Malawi and considers its sustainability in light of activities that occur in the pilot stage. It has been said that most projects of this nature fail during piloting hence it is pertinent to review the activities in this early stage. The study follows a grounded theory inspired research approach and is focused on the day to day breakdowns that occur in the pilot, what they reveal, and how the resolutions relate to the project's goals. It is found that when breakdowns occur, an articulation process to sustain the intervention becomes visible. Breakdowns can reveal tensions in the technical design and organisational context thereby offering opportunities for action in order that an intervention is sustained. The ensuing activity, for analytical purposes, is termed articulation work, and its variety and limitations are explained. In this study we discover two categories of articulation work, technological and human. Further to this, we argue that these two categories of articulation work can be further analysed into different dimensions, based on the levels of organizational involvement required to resolve them: (i) localised; (ii) multiple levels within a single organization; (iii) and multiple levels inter‐organizational.