Artery In Human Cadavers Research Articles

Morphometric study for the intracranial portion of the vertebral artery in human cadavers

Among posterior circulation arteries, the intracranial vertebral artery (ICVA) has been given the least attention, especially concerning treatment of occlusive lesions. Early clinicopathological studies showed that the ICVA was often occluded in patients with lateral medullary and posterior inferior cerebellar infarcts. Therefore, identification and description of ICVA variations existing in length, degree of union of the left & right vertebral arteries is crucial as it accounts for the arterial blood delivery to the hindbrain and will be more displayed if pathologies exist. Cerebral angioarchitecture is so valid in interventional radiology to address diagnosis as well for neurosurgeons.Ten human formalin fixed brain specimens obtained from cadavers, donated for study purpose, were under examination in the Department of Biology at Chatham University (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). Dissection procedure was undertaken according to the dissection manual Grant dissector, with modifications. Variations existing in length, degree of union of left & right vertebral arteries using the digital Vernier caliper, were observed with a magnifying glass. Results indicate the mean external diameter as 3.72 mm for the LVA and 3.79 mm for the RVA. The angle between LVA & RVA ranged from 51° degrees to 91° degrees. There is a significant correlation between the angle and the differences in the external diameter of the LVA & RVA [r = −0.656, n = 10, p = 0.0394]. These factors play a crucial role in the arterial blood delivered to the hindbrain and will be more displayed if pathologies exist.

Study of Variations in the Origin of Profunda Femoris Artery and Internal Diameter of Femoral Artery in Human Cadavers

Study of Variations in the Origin of Profunda Femoris Artery and Internal Diameter of Femoral Artery in Human Cadavers

Variation in the Arterial Branching Pattern of Internal Iliac Artery In human cadavers (South Indian Population)

Variation in the Arterial Branching Pattern of Internal Iliac Artery In human cadavers (South Indian Population)

Anatomical study of high bifurcation of common carotid artery in human cadavers

Aim and Objectives: The present research was carried out with an objective to study the level of bifurcation and its anatomical variations of common carotid artery (CCA). Methods: Fifty human cadavers (24 males and 26 females) were dissected and the level of bifurcation and its anatomical variations of CCA were noted and results were analyzed statistically. Results: The level of bifurcation of CCA at the superior border of thyroid cartilage was noted in 68 % of cases while higher and lower level of bifurcation was seen in 22% and 10% of the specimens respectively. High and low level bifurcation of CCA was highly significant on right side compare to left. Conclusion: The bifurcation of common carotid artery need not always be at the level of upper border of thyroid cartilage. It can be at either higher or lower in origin, higher being more common. The awareness in the variation of bifurcation level is necessary to avoid undue complications during the surgeries and procedures done in head and neck region.

Anatomical Variants of Obturator Artery in Human Cadavers among North Karnataka Subjects

Anatomical Variants of Obturator Artery in Human Cadavers among North Karnataka Subjects

Double renal artery in human cadavers: a case report

Double renal artery in human cadavers: a case report

Accurate course and relationships of the transverse facial artery in human cadavers

Both the course and localization of the transverse facial artery are described, based upon the bilateral dissection of heads from 20 human cadavers. Its anatomical relationships with the mandibular fossa, the articular tubercle, the zygomatic arch, the parotid duct and the maxillary artery are studied and morphometric features are calculated. Furthermore, the transverse facial territory was examined. This territory was supplied by a single perforating branch in 28 cases, by two perforating branches in 10 and by three perforating branches in 2. Knowledge of the course and relationships of the transverse facial artery should help to protect this artery from the risk for transection. However, the variable course of the transverse facial artery must always be taken into consideration by the clinicians during surgical procedures.

Demonstration of the Nasal Septal Branches of the Sphenopalatine Artery by Use of a New Intravascular Injection Method

We injected a new injection material into the external carotid artery using a new method, which led to the successful demonstration of the nasal septal branches of the sphenopalatine artery in human cadavers. The result shows the trunk of the artery divided into three main branches, the upper two of which run toward Little's area. We believe that the knowledge of septal branches, shown in a photograph, is very useful, not only for nasal treatment, but also for anatomic demonstration to students.

High intensity ultrasound increases distensibility of calcific atherosclerotic arteries

To assess the effect of high intensity ultrasound energy on atherosclerotic arteries, the pressure-volume relation of stenoses in 14 atherosclerotic human cadaver arteries was measured before and after intraarterial application of ultrasound energy. The pressure-volume relation was measured by inflating a 3-mm angioplasty balloon within each artery with use of a syringe equipped with pressure and volume transducers. To minimize potential effects of balloon inflations on compliance, balloon inflation pressure was set at ≤3 atm before ultrasound application. Ultrasound energy was applied by using a titanium wire probe at a frequency of 20 kHz for 2 min.After exposure to ultrasound, arterial distensibility (measured as volume at 1 atm of balloon pressure) increased by a mean value of 82 ± 60 μl. These data suggest that ultrasound energy probably increases the pliability of atherosclerotic lesions by interrupting calcified plaque. This effect may enhance in vivo distensibility and render calcified atherosclerotic lesions more amenable to balloon angioplasty.

Histologic and Morphologic Effects of Rotary Atherectomy on Human Cadaver Arteries

Intimal splitting and medial dissection caused by balloon angioplasty and thermal burns and subintimal vacuolization caused by laser angioplasty have been proposed as potential causes of failure from these respective procedures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the histologic and morphologic effects of a new high speed rotary atherectomy device (the Rotoblator) on human cadaver arteries. Fifteen stenotic human cadaver superficial femoral and popliteal arteries were harvested and atherectomized using the Rotoblator. Histologically, on cross-section, the atherectomized arteries exhibited a denuded endothelial layer, a smooth rounded luminal contour, minute plaque separation from the media, absence of plaque fragmentation, and variable remaining rim of atheromatous plaque. The media showed variable loss of the internal elastic lamina, normal remaining elastin, and normal smooth muscle cells. The adventitia was normal and completely intact in all sections with no media/adventitia separation or perforations. Scanning electron microscopy revealed endothelial peeling, etching from the atherectomy devices within the smooth muscle layer, and a tapered atherectomy distal endpoint. The arterial branches were preserved without evidence of any disruption of the branch artery orifice. Compared to balloon angioplasty and laser angioplasty, the Rotoblator atherectomy device appears to leave a smoother, more rounded luminal surface that may result in less risk of embolic complications and arterial wall damage.

Thermodynamic correlates of hot tip laser angioplasty.

Surface temperatures of normal human cadaver arteries and polytetrofluoroethylene grafts were measured in vitro using thermography to assess vascular wall heating from the metal-capped ("hot tip") laser probe. Laser pulse duration, vessel diameter, blood flow, and saline infusion were varied; power from an Argon laser was constant at 10 watts. The surface temperatures resulting in perforation were 76.2 +/- 2.2 degrees C for arteries and 90.4 +/- 2.1 degrees C for grafts. Blood flow provided an effective heat sink reducing artery and graft wall peak temperatures from 10 watt/5 sec pulses by 12.2 +/- 1.7 and 14.1 +/- 6.1 degrees C at 100 mL/min, and by 16.3 +/- 2.4 and 22.4 +/- 4.9 degrees C at 500 mL/min, respectively. In the occluded conduit, inflow of saline proximal to the probe tip reduced peak temperatures (degrees C) from 10 watt/5 sec pulses as follows: 14.0 +/- 3.2 (artery) and 23.2 +/- 8.5 (graft) at 50 mL/min, and 19.0 +/- 0.6 (artery) and 26.6 +/- 8.5 (graft) at 100 mL/min. Radial heating by the hot tip probe can cause thermal perforation. Blood flow or saline infusion modifies nontarget heating and may offer significant protection to the vasculature.

Significance of balloon pressure recording during angioplasty

During angioplasty of artificial stenoses, atherosclerotic human cadaver arteries, and normal canine arteries, pressure and volume of the dilatation balloons were continuously recorded. We found that a sudden yield of a lesion corresponded to a sudden drop in the pressure curve and an increase of the balloon volume. Volume monitoring was insensitive, but pressure recording was very precise. Continuous pressure recording, using a non-compliant inflation system, correctly demonstrated small breaks and ruptures of atherosclerotic vessels, changes not seen on fluoroscopy.

Recanalization of human arteries using Nd-YAG laser carried by optical fibre

Nd-NAG laser carried by optical fibres 0.2 mm diameter was used in experimental studies to recanalize obstructed human cadaver arteries. Successful perforation of atheromatous plaques was obtained in all cases with a power of 12 W and a duration of exposure of 30–50 s provided that blood and not saline was used. The arterial wall was protected from injury by coaxial position of the optical fibre that was inserted into an inflated balloon catheter, and by circulating blood that cooled the system. The feasibility of guiding these devices in man was demonstrated in femoral and coronary arteries.