Arrow Points Research Articles

Shape as a function of time + raw material + burial context? An exploratory analysis of Perdiz arrow points from the ancestral Caddo area of the American Southeast

Temporal assignments carry substantive weight, and archaeologists regularly assume that artefacts from discrete temporal units may differ in ways that convey changes in preference or behaviour. Similarly, archaeologists regularly assume that raw material differences articulate with stone tool morphology, and the role of differential raw material quality and preference associated with Caddo lithic technology remains largely unexplored. Whether a particular artefact is found in or outside of burial contexts is a sensitive and regularly discussed topic in the archaeological literature, providing valuable insights related to prehistoric burial practices, as well as generational shifts in aesthetics, design, and raw material preferences. These assumptions were tested using geometric morphometrics, yielding results in support of the hypothesis that Perdiz arrow point shape is protean, and that significant differences existed in shape by time, raw material, and burial context.

Serrated Triangular Arrow Points from Mission Santa Clara: Evidence of Colonial-Period Innovation and Regional Connections

ABSTRACT This article considers a particular form of small, intricately serrated arrow points from central California. Several examples of this point were recovered during recent archaeological mitigation work at Mission Santa Clara de Asís (CA-SCL-30/H), where researchers have referred to them as Mission Santa Clara Serrated (MSCLS) points. Subsequent research indicates that similar points were recovered decades earlier from sites in the Central Valley and Sierra Nevada foothills, but until now had not been formally considered within existing projectile point typologies or regional culture history. We review the known examples of these points, including their physical attributes, geographic distribution, temporal placement, and similarities to previously described serrate Desert Side-Notched points. Our analysis suggests that the MSCLS point style was developed during the colonial period and spread throughout the region via Native Californians’ participation in and rejection of the Franciscan mission system.

Inhibitory control and impulsive responses in neurodevelopmental disorders.

The impairment of inhibitory control is often assumed to be the core deficit of several neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by poor impulse control. However, could the same deficit explain different clinical phenotypes? Evidence from behavioural studies is very mixed. This is partly because inhibition is a highly complex executive function. Thus, the different types of tasks that generically tap into inhibitory control are likely to provide different outcomes. Additionally, sample inhomogeneity in terms of age, comorbidity, and medical treatment are confounding factors. Therefore, to make a reliable assessment of the deficit of inhibitory control in a given disorder, the same task and samples with similar characteristics must be employed. This article reviews and discusses studies on five neurodevelopmental disorders with impaired impulse control where these criteria have been used: Tourette syndrome; obsessive-compulsive disorder; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; primary motor stereotypies; and autism spectrum disorder. Overall, they suggest that the mechanisms underlying the inability to control urges are extremely heterogeneous and cannot be ascribed to a general impairment of inhibition. These findings do not support the hypothesis that inhibitory deficits represent a transdiagnostic feature of neurodevelopmental disorders with poor impulse control. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: The mechanisms underlying the inability to control urges in neurodevelopmental disorders are heterogeneous. Inhibition impairments cannot generally explain all neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by poor urge control.

Detalles de los libros de notas de Niels Fock y sus hallazgos

En 1958 el antropólogo Niels Fock del Museo Nacional de Dinamarca, emprendió una travesía por la zona chaqueña argentina, entre las provincias de Salta, Chaco y Formosa, donde hizo un estudio de las comarcas indígenas de los matacos. Paralelamente dedicó tiempo a excavaciones, obteniendo varios materiales arqueológicos tales como vasijas, cuencos cerámicos, urnas, figurinas, puntas de flecha y hachas de piedra, que terminaron siendo parte de la Colección Fock del museo danés. En sus libros de notas, Fock describe su experiencia e interacción con las comunidades indígenas, cuyo estudio terminó en una publicación (Fock, 1967). En ellos también anotó los hallazgos y los lugares por donde hizo sus trabajos arqueológicos. Se trata de tres libros de notas, de los cuales uno toma las descripciones etnográficas de los matacos, y los otros dos traen detalles de los hallazgos arqueológicos que conforman dicha colección, en cuya minoría ha sido publicado (Fock, 1961, 1962). El presente trabajo toma, a partir del análisis de estas anotaciones, una investigación del contexto geográfico del material chaqueño para registrar con precisión las piezas halladas por Fock. Este trabajo es una continuación de lo ya planteado en congresos anteriores (CNAA, 2010, 2019) y de las investigaciones de la Colección Fock en el museo danés.

Yukon First Nation use of Copper for End-Blades on Hunting Arrows

Copper metallurgy and bow and arrow technology are widely considered hallmark traits of the Late Prehistoric Period in the northwest of North America (Yukon and Alaska). In recent years, a number of osseous arrow points have been recovered from melting alpine ice patches in the northwest, some with evidence of copper utilization. This article reports on the construction and radiocarbon dating of three osseous arrowheads recovered from Yukon-Alaska ice patches and documents the use of handheld energy-dispersive x-ray florescence (EDXRF) technology to discriminate native copper implements, as well as detect absorbed copper residues from other osseous points. We also reference several other bladed arrow points discovered at ice patches in Yukon and neighboring Alaska to develop a tentative timeline for the use of copper end-blades with osseous arrow points in the northwest.

Analysis of types of tracing in biofunctional prosthetic system using intra oral tracers - A retrospective study

The aim of the study is to access the types of arch tracing achieved using tracer in a prosthetic system (BPS). Assessing the relation plays an important role in the fabrication of complete denture. Gothic arch tracing is one of the methods used to achieve relation in complete denture patients. The types of the arrow forms include the classical pointed form, classical flat form, weak form, asymmetrical form, miniature form, vertical line extending beyond the arrow point. The variations in achieving arrow tracing for a complete denture patient depends on mandibular movements. Data collection was done from DIAS (dental hospital management system) which is an electronic record management system and details such as , types of arrow point achieved and type of tracer used was obtained and tabulated. Further the data were by statistical tests (chi-square analysis) using SPSS software (write the version). The typical arrow point tracing was common in both sexes. Females show more variation in tracing arrow types of tracing were more commonly seen in females. The chi-square analysis reveals an insight value of p> 0.005. The typical arrow point tracing form is seen in both males and females. Other forms like atypical, double arrow are commonly seen in females and only miniature forms are seen in males.

Computer Program for Digital Data Analysis of Facebow Records – Part ІI

Abstract The aim of the study was to perform a comparative data analysis of the values of sagittal condylar path and arrow point angle, obtained through measurements based on facebow records, by applying two methods: manual and digital by using the Mini-Maxi Facebow Analyzer computer program. Material and method: The program was tested through processing the data of 101 subjects (52 men and 49 women). The left and right sagittal condylar path was registered by using the Mini-Maxi facebow and the mandibular central position was determined by intraoral graphic registration. The data of each subject were entered into the program and the individual values of the registered parameters were calculated. Then, a comparative statistical analysis of the data obtained by the conventional manual measurement with a protractor and the computer program was performed. Results: The mean value of the sagittal condylar path obtained through the computer program was 34.89˚ for the right side and 35.86˚ for the left side. The mean value of the arrow point angle obtained through the computer program was 107.52˚. The differences between the data for men and women were not statistically significant (р < 0.05). Conclusions: The computer program provides an accurate analysis of facebow records and assists in determining individual patient’s movement parameters of the lower jaw. The comparative analysis of the accuracy of parameters obtained through conventional and digital measurements demonstrates the high product reliability of the computer program.

CE: The Effects of Smoking on Bone Health and Healing.

The number of orthopedic surgeries performed in the United States has increased substantially over the past several years. The most recent data available from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality indicate that five of the 10 operative procedures most commonly performed during inpatient stays involve the musculoskeletal system. Cigarette smoking is one of the most prevalent and preventable risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders and orthopedic surgery complications. This article discusses the effects of smoking on bone health, the importance of smoking cessation among patients scheduled for or recovering from orthopedic surgery, and the vital role nurses play in supporting patient efforts to lead a tobacco-free life.

Computer Program for Digital Data Analysis of Facebow Records – Part І

Abstract The purpose of the study is to create computer program for the achievement of precise digital data processing of records performed with the “Facebow Mini-Maxi” and the facilitation of information transfer to the articulator. Material and method: A conceptual project was developed in order to create a new software product and requirements were defined towards its capacities, which are to provide guidance for its creation. With the assistance of computer programmer, the project was implemented. Results: The computer program “Facebow Mini-Maxi Analyzer” for digital data processing of registrants performed with the auricular type facebow was created. The program provides automatic recognition, reading, calibration and measurement of data obtained by “Facebow Mini-Maxi”. The main module gives us opportunities for measuring the values of: the sagittal condylar pathway; the arrow point angle and the length of the hinge axis. After finalizing the calculations, the software automatically generates a scheme with visualization of the parameters that significantly supports the dental technician when it comes to defining the accurate position of the models in dental articulator with individual parameters. Conclusion: The computer program provides accurate analysis of facebow records and assists in determining individual patient movement parameters of the lower jaw. The obtained results from the analysis improve the precision of casts mounting in articulator. The program cuts down the risk of subjective error when analysing the data via manual measurement of the recorded parameters on paper carrier.

Carotid-Cavernous Fistula Presenting With Bilateral Abducens Palsy.

Carotid-Cavernous Fistula Presenting With Bilateral Abducens Palsy.

Magnesium ion disrupts LAP surface re‐association of Listeria monocytogenes by dissociation of InlB

Listeria monocytogenes crosses intestinal epithelial barrier for the systemic spread, which is facilitated in part, by Listeria adhesion protein (LAP). LAP, a housekeeping enzyme called acetaldehyde alcohol dehydrogenase, is present in both pathogenic and nonpathogenic Listeria. LAP is secreted with the aid of SecA2 translocon, and its’ re‐association on the surface of pathogenic Listeria i.e., L. monocytogenes is critical for its function. However, the cell wall component(s) involved in LAP interaction is unknown, which was investigated.Using L. monocytogenes F4244 (WT), an isogenic lap− strain and purified recombinant LAP in the Caco‐2 cell adhesion assay and Western blot, we examined LAP re‐association on lap− cells. Extraneous added LAP restored adhesion capacity of lap−, but not of L. innocua to Caco‐2 cells, suggesting the presence of LAP‐interacting receptor(s) only on pathogenic bacteria.To locate LAP interaction partners, co‐immunoprecipitation of WT cell wall fraction using anti‐LAP mAb was analyzed by SDS‐PAGE. Selected protein bands were subjected to MALDI‐TOF protein identification showing involvement of internalin B (InlB).Next, we investigated the effect of MgCl2 pretreatment on LAP re‐association on the cell surface, cell‐free supernatant, and consequent bacterial adhesion. Mg2+ is a wall teichoic acid (WTA) charge neutralizing agent that reduced levels of InlB binding on the WT cell wall, resulting in surface disassociation of LAP. However, only partial surface reduction of LAP was observed in ΔinlB strain suggesting more than one ligand is involved.In conclusion, our results indicate that both InlB and WTA may participate in LAP re‐association on L. monocytogenes cell surface, which is essential for its pathogenic activities.Support or Funding InformationThe technical assistance of Uma Aryal, Valerie Ryan, and Aaron Gall and funding from USDA‐ARS project number 59‐8072‐6‐001 through the Center for Food Safety Engineering at Purdue University are acknowledged.LAP Surface Ligand Fishing ExpeditionAs the experiment scheme shown (A), several Co‐immunoprecipated candidates were visualized by Sliver staining. Red arrow point to a potential receptor around 70 kDa (B). Abundance of each identified protein was graphed according to relative protein abundance (C). Internalin B is the first protein present only in pathogenic strain.Figure 1MgCl2 Treatment Affects LAP Dissociation and Bacterial AdhesionWB protein analysis in Supernatant and Cell Wall Fraction (A), growth curve (B) and adhesion (C) of LmWT grow with additional MgCl2 in TSBYE.Figure 2

Сравнительный анализ каменных индустрий поселений «плоскодонного неолита» Барабы

Purpose. The article presents the results of a study of technological and morphological characteristics of stone tool collections from the Early Neolithic settlement assemblages of Barabinsk forest-steppe containing flat-bottomed ware – Avtodrom-2, Avtodrom-2/2, Staryi Moskovsky Trakt-5 settlements. The results of a mineralogical study of the raw materials has been used. The objects of all considered collections have been proven to be identical (lithic cores, flakes, blades, perforators, sandstone abrasives, polished axes; in the absence of primary flakes and arrow points). Similarities of three sites have been found in preferable raw material (silty sandstone and other metamorphic rocks, flint, opal) in primary technology (prismatic lithic core), big amount of microblades, predominance of regular end-scrapers made from flakes, big abrasives. Results. A difference in the predominant retouch location in a special work of blades: ventral (Avtodrom-2/2, SMT-5 – up to 60 %) and dorsal (Avtodrom-1 – 61 %). The specifics of the stone industries in Baraba Neolithic settlements with flat-bottomed ceramic ware can be clearly seen in comparison with local assemblages of Artynskaya culture (late Neolithic). In comparison with considered industries, Artynsksya culture (Avtodrom-2/1 settlement) preferred another type of raw material (gray silicified sandstone), bigger role of counterstrike knapping, larger blades, clear predominance of dorsal retouch in treatment of blade tools, and differences in object classification (series of arrow points, scrapers of occasional forms, knives on large blades, stone club knobs). Conclusion. The obtained results do not contradict the idea of cultural and chronological unity of all settlements in Barabinsk forest-steppe with flat-bottomed Neolithic ware. Comparative and typological analysis of stone industries of all Neolithic assemblages with flat-bottomed ceramic ware in the Ural-West Siberian region is still advantageous, yet an undeveloped approach taking into account their polemical cultural and chronological attribution.

Testing Mechanisms: Carceral Contact and Political Participation

ObjectivesThis article tests two of the mechanisms—civic duty and governmental trust—through which carceral contact is theorized to be affecting political participation. This article does not examine whether criminal justice contact affects participation, but rather tests the mechanisms through which carceral contact is theorized to be affecting participation.MethodsI employ the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 and the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Wave III) and utilize four different statistical analysis methods.ResultsI find that carceral contact has a significant direct effect and indirect effect on participation. Twenty‐one and 24 percent of the negative effect on participation is an indirect effect of carceral contact on feelings of civic duty and governmental trust, respectively.ConclusionsMy results strongly suggest that the causal arrow points in my hypothesized direction—carceral contact depresses levels of civic duty and governmental trust, which subsequently suppresses political participation.

An Ancestral Caddo Site (41CS125) on the Sulphur River at Lake Wright Patman, Cass County, Texas

ln December 2017, AmaTerra Environmental lnc. conducted an intensive archeological survey of 41CS125, a previously reported ancestral Caddo site at Lake Wright Patman in Cass County, Texas. The work was done at the request of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District in advance of a proposed bank stabilization pro}ect. The site was occupied from the Late Paleoindian period through historic times with extensive occupations during the Formative to Early Caddo and Late Caddo periods. Artifacts recovered in the investigations included both arrow and dart points, lithic debitage, bifaces, ground stone, a celt fragment, pitted stone, ceramic sherds, a ceramic bead, charred organic material, unidentified bone fragments, and 19th century historic domestic materials. While the site has been adversely affected through alluvial erosion and looting, survey results indicate that intact components of the site still exist along the northern and western periphery of the landform.

The introduction of the bow and arrow in the Argentine Andes (29–34º S): A preliminary metric approximation

The study size patterns in projectile points (n=39) from six sites in the Argentine Andes (29–34°S) associated with 17 radiocarbon dates with medians spanning 3080–470 cal BP. This is the region’s first attempt to metrically distinguish arrows and darts, which is based on shoulder or maximum width, following Shott. The northern part of the study area (29°S) includes the earliest arrow point, slightly after 3080 cal BP. This suggests a rapid spread of this technology from the central Andes 16–26°S, where early arrows are dated ~3500–3000 cal BP. However, at 32 and 34°S, arrows are not clearly present until 1280 cal BP. For 1280–400 cal BP (European contact), 96% of points were identified as arrows, suggesting the bow and arrow replaced spear-based weapon systems. A single late dart from 34°S may reflect a late use of this space by hunter-gatherers. The predominance of arrows beginning at 1280 cal BP is associated with broader changes such as demographic growth, reduced mobility, low-level food production, and herding economies, following similar trends in other regions.

A Fatal Case of Gastrointestinal Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is an increasingly common complication of solid organ transplant recipients. It can affect a wide range of epithelial target tissues including the gastrointestinal tract. A 40-year-old female presented to our hospital with two days of frequent high volume and watery diarrhea. Associated symptoms included nausea, vomiting, and diffuse abdominal pain. Her medical history included type I diabetes mellitus and deceased donor kidney-pancreas transplant. She was maintained on immunosuppression with azathioprine, tacrolimus, and prednisone. Her physical examination was notable for cachexia, diffuse abdominal pain, and a confluent and erythematous macular rash. Laboratory values included a white blood cell count of 0.8 x1000/uL (range 4.0-10), absolute neutrophil count 0.7x1000/uL (range 1.0-11), hemoglobin 6.9g/dL (range 12-18), platelet 109x1000/uL (range 140-440), total bilirubin 12.1mg/dL (range <1.20), direct bilirubin 9.3 (range <0.20), alkaline phosphatase 294U/L (range 30-130), and alanine aminotransferase 124U/L (range 0-34). She was started on intravenous immune gamma-globulin and broad spectrum anti-bacterial, viral and fungal agents. Computerized tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis with IV contrast (Figure 1) showed bowel wall thickening of the colon moreso than small bowel, consistent with GVHD. She underwent a flexible sigmoidoscopy for definitive diagnosis. Pathology from colonic biopsy (Figure 2, 3) showed severe apoptosis, crypt attenuation, and paucity of inflammation without viral inclusions or neutrophils, pathologically characteristic of GVHD. She was started on high dose steroids and ruxolitinib (janus kinase inhibitor) to help control her GVHD. She had an unfortunate hospital course complicated by severe clostridium difficile colitis, enterococcus bacteremia, and eventually hypoxemic respiratory failure. She was transferred to the medical intensive care unit and transitioned to hospice care where she ultimately died. Risk factors for GVHD include HLA disparity and older age upon organ transplantation. Symptoms of gastrointestinal GVHD are nebulous but can include anorexia, weight loss, and chronic diarrhea. Given the myriad symptoms of GVHD the prudent gastroenterologist must always be aware of this diagnosis. Diagnosis is confirmed via biopsy and scored according to the 2014 revised NIH criteria; she had severe chronic GVHD with an expected two year mortality of 38%.1656_A Figure 1. CT abdomen/pelvis, coronal, white arrow points to diffuse colonic bowel wall thickening1656_B Figure 2. Colon biopsy, black arrow points to apoptotic body1656_C Figure 3. Colon biopsy, black arrows points to crypt attenuation

An Unfortunate Case of Dyspnea in Cryptogenic Cirrhosis

Portopulmonary hypertension is a type of pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with portal hypertension. It is a known complication of cirrhosis and can predict increased mortality after liver transplantation. A 35 year—old—female with suspected cirrhosis and acute dyspnea on exertion was transferred to our hospital for further management. Two weeks prior to transfer she had hematemesis; an upper endoscopy revealed medium—sized bleeding esophageal varices requiring banding. Cross—sectional imaging was concerning for a cirrhotic appearing liver. She had no past medical history and had an unknown family history as she was adopted. On admission she felt short of breath. Her physical exam was notable for scleral icterus, jugular venous distension to 10cm, right ventricular heave, and an abdominal fluid wave. Laboratory values included platelet 88x1000/uL (reference range 140—440), INR 1.4 (range 0.89—1.12), albumin 3.1g/dL (range 3.5—5.0), and total bilirubin 5.5mg/dL (range 0.1—1.2). She had an extensive laboratory workup for cirrhosis, of which the only remarkable finding was a positive anti—mitochondrial antibody at 73.8 units (range <20.0). She had an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) liver which showed a cirrhotic—appearing liver with evidence of portal hypertension (Figure 1). A transjugular liver biopsy showed stage 4 fibrosis and areas of sinusoidal dilatation without signs of primary biliary cirrhosis. She had a hepatovenous pressure gradient (HVPG) of 11mmHg (reference range 0—5). Workup of her dyspnea included an echocardiogram which showed a dilated right ventricle (Figure 2) with an elevated right ventricular systolic pressure of 65mmHg (reference range 15—25). Subsequent right heart catheterization showed an elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) of 43mmHg (range 5—10) with a relatively normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 12mmHg (range<10), indicative of pulmonary arterial hypertension. In the setting of cirrhosis a diagnosis of portopulmonary hypertension was made. Per consultation with pulmonology she was started on a prostacyclin analog and endothelin—receptor antagonist. Her case was discussed at the liver transplantation recipient review committee, but placed on hold pending improvements in her right—sided cardiac pressures. A diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension can be made via right heart catheterization indicating a mPAP >25mmHg. Per the 2013 AASLD liver transplant guidelines, a mPAP < 35mmHg is required for transplant.3052_A.tif Figure 1: MRI abdomen, T1—weighted; white arrow points to steatotic and echogenic liver consistent with cirrhosis; black arrow points to a recanalized paraumbilical vein, indicating portal hypertension3052_B.tif Figure 2: Transthoracic echocardiogram, short axis, showing dilated right atrium (RA) and right ventricle (RV)3052_C.tif Figure 3: Liver core biopsy, trichrome stain, blue area indicates fibrosis

Gearing up for a hunt?: A Great Bend aspect cache from central Kansas

The Johnson cache is a collection of 65 chipped stone artifacts, all made from varieties of Permian chert, which were found in the bank of Cow Creek in Rice County, central Kansas. The artifacts include large bifacial cores, triangular arrow point preforms, blade-like end-scraper blanks, and a few flake tools. This collection is interpreted to represent essential elements of Great Bend aspect people’s chipped stone technological system which was placed into storage for potential future use, but which was never reopened and used. The cache is thought to date between AD 1200 and 1600.

Testing an ethnographic analogy through geometric morphometrics: A comparison between ethnographic arrows and archaeological projectile points from Late Holocene Fuego-Patagonia

Under certain conditions, ethnographic analogies can help to shed light on past behaviors registered in the archaeological record via observation and model-building from modern societies. In this context, ethnographic weapons are often used as morphometric models to assign a given function to archaeological projectile points. For southern Patagonia, J. Bird proposed a functional analogy between arrows used by the Ona (also known as Selk’nam), a hunter-gatherer group that inhabited northern Tierra del Fuego during historical epochs, and the type V Late Holocene projectile points from southern continental Patagonia. Based on the similarity in terms of small size and shape attributes between the type V archaeological points and Ona (Selk’nam) ethnographic arrows, Bird proposed that the former were arrow points. Here we test the morphometric analogy based on comparisons of size and shape variables defining Ona (Selk’nam) arrows from museum ethnographic collections, and type V projectile points from southern Patagonia archaeological sites. Then, we assess the relative importance of projectile point reduction as a source of morphometric variation. We compared both, archaeological and ethnographic points using geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistical analyses. Results showed significant shape differences between ethnographic and archaeological samples before and after controlling for size and reduction parameters, suggesting that both kinds of points had different designs and life histories. However, when spear-like points are included in the comparison, Ona (Selk’nam) and type V points tend to cluster together. The results obtained from this broader comparison framework suggest that, when functional diversity and reduction effects are taken into account, ethnographic weapons can be considered as useful morphometric models to infer the function of archaeological points. Our results highlight the importance of considering similarities in environment, subsistence, mobility, tool design constraints, and lithic characteristics prior any extrapolation based on ethnographic analogies.

The antiquity of bow-and-arrow technology: evidence from Middle Stone Age layers at Sibudu Cave

Abstract