Industrial Areas Research Articles

Evaluating the impact of firm size, firm age, international opportunity recognition, and business network on internationalisation performance

This study examines the cumulative impact of firm size, firm age, business network participation, and international opportunity recognition on the internationalisation performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The study population consists of 160 SMEs in the Kayseri, Inegöl, and Istanbul Organized Furniture Industry area, specifically focusing on those involved in business networks. The data was collected through a survey methodology, and the research objective was assessed using a quantitative approach in SPSS 21. The study aims to examine the gradual impact of variables on internationalisation performance. The stepwise regression in the analysis underscores the crucial impact of firm size and various aspects of international opportunity recognition on internationalisation performance. Notably, the business network's structure positively influences performance, providing optimism for firms seeking to enhance their internationalisation efforts. However, the strength of the tie subdimension of the business network does not impact performance significantly. These findings offer valuable insights for firms aiming to improve their internationalisation efforts.

The Comparative Analysis Of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods (MCDM) In Priorities Of Industrial Location Development

The process of prioritizing the development of an industrial area's site is a matter that necessitates a mature approach. The establishment of an industrial region has significant social implications for the surrounding locality. However, it is also necessary to take into account the availability of variables that facilitate the functioning of such an industrial zone. The goal of the study "A Comparative Analysis of Multi-Criteria Decision Making Methods (MCDM) for Determining the Priority of Industrial Area Location Development" is to compare and contrast different MCDM methods in the context of deciding which industrial area locations should be developed first. A case study was undertaken, examining various possible industrial sites for future development. Multiple approaches, namely MOORA, WASPAS, ARAS, COPRAS, and AHP, are employed to ascertain the prioritization of industrial area development locations. This study presents a comparative analysis of each approach by using the Spearman Rank correlation and utilizing the factual data obtained from the Department of Capital Plantation and Integrated One Door Services (DPMPTSP). The external research is anticipated to involve a comprehensive review of the literature on the efficacy of Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods. This research has the potential to assist both governmental bodies and private entities in establishing priorities for the development of industrial areas, taking into account prevailing circumstances and conditions while also considering various significant factors and criteria.

Nanoscale particles-induced mitigation of tannery wastewater chromium stress in rice: Implications for plant performance and human health risk assessment.

Due to the rapid increase in industrial and urban areas, environmental pollution is increasing worldwide, which is causing unwanted changes in air, water, and soil at biological, physical, as well as chemical levels that ultimately causing the negative effects in living things because of toxic level of chromium (Cr). However, nanotechnology is capturing great interest worldwide due to their stirring applications in various fields. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted to examine plant growth and exo-physiology in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under the different levels of wastewater 50% and 100% concentrations which were also primed with three nanoparticles (NPs)-copper oxide (nCuO), silicon (nSi), and zinc oxide (nZnO). The research outcomes indicated that elevated levels of wastewater in the soil (100%) notably reduced plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, and gas exchange attributes. However, increasing levels of Cr stress also induced oxidative stress in the plants by increasing malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which also induced increased compounds of various enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and also the gene expression and sugar content. Furthermore, a significant increase in proline metabolism, the AsA-GSH cycle, and the pigmentation of cellular components was observed. Although, the application of nCuO, nSi, nZnO-NPs showed a significant increase in plant growth and biomass, gas exchange characteristics, enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds, and their gene expression and also decreased oxidative stress. In addition, the application of nCuO, nSi, nZnO-NPs enhanced cellular fractionation and decreased the proline metabolism and AsA-GSH cycle in O. sativa plants. These results open new insights for sustainable agriculture practices and hold immense promise in addressing the pressing challenges of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils.

Analyzing the impact of non-Newtonian nanofluid flow on pollutant discharge concentration in wastewater management using an artificial computing approach

Wastewater discharge is important in numerous areas of industries and in governance of the environmental sectors. Controlling and monitoring water pollution are essential for protecting the availability of water and upholding standards of sustainability. Thus, in the current study, the effects of pollutant discharge concentration (PDC) are considered while analyzing the flow of non-Newtonian nanofluids (NNNF) through the permeable Riga surface subject to heat radiation. Walter’s B fluid (WBF) and second-grade fluids (SGFs), two distinct types of NNNF, have been investigated. The fluid flow is expressed as a system of PDEs, which are simplified into lower order by employing similarity approach. These equations (ODEs) are solved using the Levenberg Marquardt back-propagation optimization algorithm (LMBOA) of the artificial neural network (ANN). The Matlab package “bvp4c” is used for generating the dataset in order to validate the results of the ANN-LMBOA. The dataset was developed for various flow scenarios, as well as ANN evaluation and validation. The accuracy of the ANN-LMBOA model is estimated though numerous statistical tools, i.e., histogram, regression measures, curve fitting, performance plots, and validation tables. The numerical outcomes of bvp4c package are also compared to the published literature. Which show best accuracy and resemblance with each other for the limiting case. The targeted date absolute error is accomplished within the range of 10–4-10–5 which confirms the outstanding accuracy of ANN-LMBOA. It is concluded form error histograms (EHs) that the EHs values for case 1–4 is lie about 3·6×10-7, 7·83×10-9, -4.7×10-8 and -2·9×10-6 respectively.

Evaluation of the Body Burden of Short- and Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in the Blood Serum of Residents of the Czech Republic.

Short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs) are environmental contaminants known for their persistence and bioaccumulation in fatty tissues. SCCPs are considered potential carcinogens and endocrine disruptors, with similar effects expected for MCCPs. This study investigated the body burden of SCCPs and MCCPs in residents of two regions of the Czech Republic with different levels of industrial pollution. Blood serum samples from 62 individuals in Ceske Budejovice (control area) and Ostrava (industrial area) were analysed. The results showed higher concentrations of SCCPs (<120-650 ng/g lipid weight (lw)) and MCCPs (<240-1530 ng/g lw) in Ostrava compared to Ceske Budejovice (SCCPs: <120-210 ng/g lw, MCCPs: <240-340 ng/g lw). The statistical analysis revealed no significant correlations between chemical concentrations and demographic variables such as age, BMI, or gender. The findings are consistent with European and Australian studies but significantly lower than levels reported in China. This is the first comprehensive survey of SCCPs and MCCPs in human blood serum in the Czech Republic and the second study in Europe. The data collected in this study are essential for assessing SCCPs and MCCPs. They will contribute to a better understanding the potential health risks associated with exposure to these chemicals.

SmartBreathe: IoT-Integrated Community Air Purification System Enhancing Air Quality and Health in High-Pollution Urban and Industrial Areas

SmartBreathe: IoT-Integrated Community Air Purification System Enhancing Air Quality and Health in High-Pollution Urban and Industrial Areas

Efficient Adsorption of Ionic Liquids in Water Using -SO3H-Functionalized MIL-101(Cr): Adsorption Behavior and Mechanism.

With the increasing application of ionic liquids (ILs) in industrial areas, the removal of ILs from aqueous media has attracted considerable attention due to their potential environmental impact. In this study, we investigated the adsorption behavior and removal mechanism of ILs in water using the metal-organic framework material MIL-101(Cr) and its sulfonated derivative MIL-101(Cr)-SO3H. It was observed that MIL-101(Cr)-SO3H exhibited notably elevated adsorption capacity (1.19 mmol/g) and rapid adsorption kinetics (1.66 g/mmol·min-1) for [C4mim]Cl in comparison to its unmodified form, underscoring the impact of strategic sulfonation on enhancing adsorption. Also, MIL-101(Cr)-SO3H showcased the effective removal of various ILs featuring diverse cations and varying anions, highlighting its broad-spectrum capture capacities. The adsorption process is less influenced by the type of cations and anions. In contrast, enhanced adsorption of [C16mim]Cl by MIL-101(Cr)-SO3H demonstrated that the length of the alkyl chain of ILs' cation exerted a more significant influence on the adsorption than the type of head and tail group. This enhancement is attributed to a synergistic interplay of pore filling, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and micelle enrichment. These findings provided valuable insights into optimizing the design of metal-organic framework materials for the efficient removal of IL pollutants.

Non-traditional plant raw ingredients in the production of meat and vegetable pates

This article explores the use of non-traditional plant-based raw materials in the production of meat-and-vegetable pâté. Duck meat and offal serve as the primary meat components, while the vegetable ingredients include flaxseed and lentil flour, onions, garlic, sesame oil, carrots, table salt, cloves, ground black pepper, paprika, broth, and water. The broth is utilized after cooking the duck meat. To create high-quality, multi-component meat products with excellent organoleptic characteristics and to address deficiencies in specific nutrients, it is crucial to consider the biological value and qualitative composition of the protein component. The quality assessment, based on organoleptic and physicochemical indicators, was conducted using standard methods. The study also presents findings on the food safety and microbiological indicators of the meat-and-vegetable pâté. The research confirms that the pâté with nontraditional additives meets all regulatory requirements for microbiological safety and food quality. The development of meat products, including pâtés, with plant-based additives not only enhances the technological properties of raw materials but also enriches the products with essential nutrients and helps prevent potential functional disorders in the human body. This approach represents a key focus area in the modern meat industry.

Soil health assessment of croplands adjacent to industrial areas in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu

Soil health is a vital determinant of agricultural productivity and the supply of essential ecosystem services, including water retention, nutrient cycling and the support of microbial communities. However, industrial activities near croplands can adversely affect soil health through contamination by pollutants such as heavy metals, chemicals and waste materials. This study evaluates the soil health of agricultural lands adjacent to industrial areas in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, with an emphasis on physical, chemical and biological soil properties. A total of 128 soil samples were collected and categorized into three groups: Primary Impact Sites (PIS), Secondary Impact Sites (SIS) and Reference Soils (RS). The analysis revealed that soils in proximity to industrial zones exhibited significant degradation in key indicators, such as bulk density, water holding capacity (WHC), organic carbon (OC) content and microbial activity. Soils at Primary Impact Sites demonstrated the most pronounced decline, characterized by higher bulk density, reduced WHC and lower OC levels, indicative of poor structure of soil and diminished fertility. In contrast, soils at Secondary Impact Sites and Reference Soils exhibited better overall quality, with higher microbial activity and enhanced nutrient retention. The findings of this study emphasize the indirect effects of industrialization on agricultural productivity through soil degradation.

ANALISIS YURIDIS LEGALITAS KEPEMILIKAN HAK ATAS TANAH DI PULAU REMPANG, KEPULAUAN RIAU

This research focuses on the government's plan to develop Rempang Island as an industrial and tourism area through the "Rempang Eco City" project. In this case, the community rejected the existence of the plan because the community considered that there was no certainty for their lives if the land was relocated to be used as an industrial area. The problem in writing this article is only limited to discussing the legality of land rights ownership on Rempang Island, Riau Islands. The writing of this article uses normative legal research methods. This is inseparable from the existing laws and regulations regarding the ownership of land rights regulated in the provisions of the 1945 Constitution, UUPA Number 5 of 1960, Regulation of the Minister of State for Agrarian Affairs/Head of the National Land Agency Number 5 of 1999 and Law Number 39 of 1999. The results of this study show that there is still uncertainty and concern, especially legal certainty for the people on Rempang Island. The planning carried out by the government for the community has also not been maximized. Therefore, it is necessary to have an intensive and inclusive dialogue between all parties to build mutual trust and understanding which is done with the involvement and participation of the community.

Thermo-Mechanical Coupled Analysis of Electric Vehicle Drive Shafts

With the growing concerns over global warming and abnormal weather patterns, the development of eco-friendly technologies has emerged as a critical research area in the transportation industry. In particular, the global automotive market, one of the most widely used sectors, has witnessed a surge in research on electric vehicles (EVs) in line with these trends. Compared to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles, EVs require components with high strength and durability to achieve optimal performance. This study focuses on the development of a constant velocity (CV) joint, a critical component for reliably transmitting the maximum output of an electric vehicle motor. Unlike conventional numerical methods, the proposed thermo-mechanical coupled analysis simultaneously accounts for thermal and mechanical interactions, providing more realistic operational performance predictions. This analysis, conducted using the thermal modules of Ls-Dyna and ANSYS Mechanical, effectively simulated field operation scenarios. Prototype testing under simulated conditions showed a 6% discrepancy compared to numerical predictions, validating the high accuracy and reliability of the proposed method. This robust thermo-mechanical coupled analysis is expected to improve the durability and reliability of CV joint designs, advancing electric vehicle component development.

PMA Polymeric materials and their applications

Materials obtained from nature are divided into two groups: natural and artificial. Materials fall into four main categories: metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites. Glass is a solid material that is transparent, usually rigid, fragile, and has an inorganic amorphous structure that allows the preservation of liquids. Ceramics, on the other hand, are solid materials containing metal and non-metal inorganic compounds with ionic or covalent bonds. Nontechnical ceramics fall into three general groups: cement and concrete, fired clay, minerals, and stone. Fibers and particles are utilized as strengthening constituents in different types of composite materials. Hybrids can be used as different types of composite materials and thermal insulation parts. Hybrid materials are divided into four groups: composites, foams, honeycombs, and natural materials. Composites and foams can be made from metallic, ceramic, or polymer-based matrices. Metals and their alloys are materials connected by metallic bonds. Metals are divided into two groups: ferrous and non-ferrous. A polymer is a substance comprised of enormous molecules. Polymers have larger molecular masses than small molecule compounds. Polymers are materials connected by covalent bonds and dominant van der Waals bonds. Polymeric materials are divided into two groups: elastomers and plastics. Plastics (polymers) are divided into two main parts: thermoplastics and thermosets. Thermoplastics can be reused when heated due to their weak bonds, meaning they are suitable for recycling. A thermoset is a thermosetting polymer and is a material attained by permanently hardening the resin. Industrial usage areas of polymers include textiles, electronic goods, the automotive industry, healthcare, building materials, and food. In this study, polymeric materials were defined, then classified and their usage areas were criticized.

Zoning a productive city? A typology of clustering, diversity and specialisation in Melbourne’s urban industrial areas

This research focuses on identifying the nuanced land use dynamics of urban industrial zones. Industrial lands in major Western cities have undergone significant change in the face of increasingly competitive property markets. At the same time, many countries seek to reshore manufacturing and support local industrial activity amid changes in production technologies, global supply chain shocks and geopolitical insecurity. Yet policymakers often fail to seriously consider the contemporary character of industrial zones and research has yet to analyse this in a systematic way. In response, we employ k-means cluster analysis to develop a typology of industrial zones in Melbourne, Australia. The typology captures a range of industrial zone clusters, which vary by industry mix, specialisation and spatial pattern. While some clusters represent traditional industrial areas, others are highly diverse in terms of firm and employment mix encompassing service sector activity and specialised manufacturing industries. These variations underscore the limitations of traditional zoning frameworks focused predominately on use separation and point towards the need for more responsive and context-specific urban economic development and industrial land use policies.

From Environment to Body: Microplastics' Sources, Pathways, and Health Repercussions

Introduction: Microplastics are common pollutants found in the environment and consumer products. People can be exposed to them through eating, breathing, and skin contact. The sources include contaminated food, drinks, seafood, water, salt, and particles in the air, especially in urban and industrial areas. Research suggests these microplastics may cause physical damage, chemical toxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress, and disruption of hormones [1]. Purpose of work: This systematic literature review focuses on providing a comprehensive overview of microplastics in the human body and the health implications due to their presence in human systems [2]. State of knowledge: Research on microplastics has been gaining significant attention among the scientific community. They were found in human stool, blood, and even placental tissue, suggesting they can be absorbed into the human body [3]. Microplastics can enter the body through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact, and may accumulate in organs over time. Potential adverse health effects include inflammation, immune responses, reproductive toxicity, and translocation to other organs [4][5]. Material and methods: The methodology involved clearly outlining the objectives, a systematic literature search, and a structured process for screening and analyzing studies. The research involved a comprehensive search of scientific databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar. Summary: Microplastics are ubiquitous in the human environment and can enter the body through various exposure pathways. They have the potential to cause a range of adverse health effects, including physical damage, chemical toxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress, and hormonal disruption. However, more research is needed to fully understand the long-term health consequences of microplastics in the human body.

Socio-economic foundations for the development of Ukrainian road infrastructure with regard to the country’s transit capabilities

The article analyses the main principles and problems of socio-economic development and legal regulation of the automotive infrastructure of Ukraine. The main directions determined by the state to ensure the development of road infrastructure and increase transit opportunities are presented. Some achievements in improving the transport infrastructure in the pre-war period are considered. The author analyses the legal and regulatory framework for the development of road infrastructure. The author examines the legislation and the National Transport Strategy on the development of road infrastructure, expansion of transit opportunities, improvement of the quality of logistics and transport services, satisfaction of social needs of the population, and improvement of the investment climate not only in the transport sector, but also in the agricultural, industrial and other areas of the business environment. It is also noted that the war has had a significant impact on the development of Ukraine’s road infrastructure and transit capabilities, and therefore it is of particular importance to quickly and effectively address the challenges, problems and tasks facing the state to ensure European integration, develop the logistics services market, fill budgets at all levels, and meet the social needs of the population. The author concludes that the National Transport Strategy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030 needs to be further improved in the direction of establishing specific procedures, grounds, procedure and timing for reforming the electric vehicle infrastructure, given the growing number of eco-vehicle owners every year, despite the martial law. Therefore, based on the analysis of legal acts, as well as current legislation, government programmes, and statistical data from official government bodies, the author draws conclusions about the urgent need to prepare a separate document at the state level on the development of the electric vehicle sector. To ensure the effectiveness of such a document, it is proposed to take as a basis the experience gained locally, since there are programmes for the development of the electric vehicle industry in every regional centre and major city of Ukraine, with special attention being paid to the programme of the capital, which takes into account international experience and changes every year in accordance with the needs of eco-mobility owners.

SOIL POLLUTION AND HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION: INSIGHT FROM EFFLUENT DISCHARGED FROM CHALLAWA INDUSTRIAL AREA, NIGERIA

The discharge of industrial wastewater represents a significant source of environmental pollution, particularly in developing regions where regulatory enforcement is often insufficient. This study examined the chemical characteristics of effluent discharged from three locations (LA, LB, and LC) close to the Challawa Industrial Area in Kano, Nigeria, and determined their effects on nearby soil. Effluent samples were analysed for pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), phosphates (PO), nitrates (NO-N) and critical toxic heavy metals (HMs) such as lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd). Simultaneously, soil samples from three locations near the discharge point were evaluated for pH, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP). The results revealed that effluent concentrations of HMs and nutrients far exceeded the permissible limits of the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency. The Pb (90.79 mg/L), Cd (10.06 g/L), Zn (33.43 mg/L), Cr (4.49 mg/L), and Cu (12.76 mg/L) concentrations were well above the regulatory limits of 0.05 mg/L, 0.01 mg/L, 0.05 mg/L, 0.01 mg/L, and 0.02 mg/L, respectively. The Phosphate (299.74 mg/L) and nitrate (381.97 mg/L) levels also exceeded NESREA standards, indicating a significant risk of eutrophication in nearby water bodies. Regression analysis revealed that higher pH tended to increase the concentration of both nutrients, with P showing a more consistent and stronger association (p&lt;0.05) than nitrogen. This study, therefore, highlight that HMs contamination is evident in the soils around the study area, posing risks to soil fertility and agricultural productivity.

THE ROLE OF THE KARAWANG GOVERNMENT IN ADDRESSING ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (AIR POLLUTION) CAUSED BY COMPANIES IN THE KARAWANG AREA

Environmental pollution, especially air pollution, has become a serious problem in many countries including Indonesia. Industrial cities such as Karawang City have a big challenge in overcoming air pollution problems, which are mostly caused by the industrial sector and motorized vehicles. This research aims to find out what the Karawang government should do to overcome the pollution produced by factories in Karawang City and how effective the Karawang Regency Regional Regulation Number 14 of 2012 concerning Environmental Protection and Management is. In 2023, Karawang experienced very high levels of air pollution until the air quality index value reached 178. The impact of this was that many people were affected by ARI, even the smoke produced by factories in Karawang had an impact on Jakarta and surrounding areas. To address this air pollution problem, the Karawang government has a major role in accordance with the local regulation (Perda) on Environmental Protection and Management, that the government is responsible for establishing effective regulatory policies, taking firm action against business owners whose factories do not comply with government regulations, and supervising factories that have the potential to pollute the air. Although there are local regulations that deal with air pollution problems, in reality these regulations are not fully effective, because there are still many factories that do not comply with the rules and the sanctions given are not burdensome and provide a deterrent effect, so the government needs to evaluate the regional regulation in dealing with air pollution problems in Karawang City.Keywords: air pollution; government; industrial area

Nationwide monitoring of polychlorinated naphthalenes in soils across South Korea: Spatial distribution, source identification, and health risk assessment.

The production and use of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) were banned several decades ago, but they continue to be detected due to their persistence in surface environments and ongoing emissions from combustion-related sources. This study presents the first nationwide monitoring data for PCNs in soils collected from 61 sites across South Korea. Industrial sites (mean: 127 pg/g, median: 91.4 pg/g) exhibited higher concentrations of Σ63 PCNs than urban (mean: 53.1 pg/g, median: 50.0 pg/g) and suburban (mean: 52.2 pg/g, median: 23.3 pg/g) sites. Tri- and tetra-CNs were the dominant homologues, with CN-14/24 being the most abundant congeners. The majority of PCN contamination at these sites was attributed to combustion sources and historical emissions from Halowax mixtures. Σ63 PCNs and toxic equivalencies (TEQs) were moderately correlated with the number of companies potentially emitting PCNs, industrial electricity usage, and SO2 concentrations, indicating a significant influence of anthropogenic sources on PCN contamination. The 95th percentile cancer risks for both adults and children across all sites were within the acceptable range (< 10-6) set by the US EPA. However, the higher risks observed for children underscore the importance of ongoing PCN monitoring. This study provides valuable insights into the spatial distribution and human exposure to PCNs in soils across South Korea. Based on these initial nationwide findings, comprehensive monitoring of PCNs and other dioxin-like compounds in industrial areas is recommended.

Pırasa (Allium ampeloprasum) atığının mikroalg Chlorella vulgaris kültürü için potansiyeli: Ön değerlendirme

Leek is an economical and healthy plant species. It contains rich dietary fibers, amino acids, bioactive compounds that increase its antioxidant capacity and more than 20 different fatty acids. It is rich in potassium, iron and selenium and can be used as a valuable source for microalgae cultivation. For impotance of leek, this study investigated the biomass production of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae species with leek leaf waste. To obtain the leek extract to be used for the experiment, leek leaves were dried in an oven at 40 °C and crushed in a mortar and pestle and filtered. Leek leaves were first dissolved with 10 ml DMSO (Dimethylsulfoxide) to 0.1 g/L and diluted with distilled water to a final volume of 100 ml. Chlorella vulgaris was exposed to leek extract concentrations of 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 1.0 g/L for 72 hours and BG-11 enrichment medium was used in the control group. According to the data obtained, when leek leaves were used in the cultivation of C. vulgaris microalgae, a very high increase of 160% was observed at a concentration of 0.05 g/L compared to BG-11 enrichment medium. However, in the group where leek leaves were used completely, 64% increase was observed compared to the control group. This study proved that C. vulgaris have significant potential for food industries and the biocompost of vegetables is a suitable medium for microalgae cultivation. This study has proven that the use of vegetable wastes is suitable for obtaining a culture with high biomass of C. vulgaris microalgae, which has been used intensively in different areas of the food industry, and that leek wastes in particular provide high biomass growth. Therefore, the lower concentration of leek served as the best medium to increase the growth and biomass of C. vulgaris. This study proves that costs can be reduced and sustainable effective culture techniques can be used in microalgae culture by using vegetable wastes such as leek waste, which provides high biomass growth even at low concentrations.

The THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTICLE 66 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT LAW OF STRATEGIC LEGAL ACTION AGAINST PUBLIC PARTICIPATION DUE TO CRIMINAL ACTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESTRUCTION AT STATE COURT

Environmental problems are increasingly diverse in all regions from small scale to serious large scale. Article 66 reporting on allegations of environmental pollution will be protected by the state. However, the current reality is that the victims are getting worse, deprived of rights and no legal protection by a party in the legal efforts taken. Researchers will examine more deeply the views of judges as law enforcers regarding the existence of Article 66. This empirical research used normative-descriptive, by describing the judges' opinions on the implementation of Article 66 on Strategic Legal Action Against Public Participation and analyzed with an Administrative Law Perspective. The study results indicate that the judge believes there are still few reports or lawsuits on environmental cases because Jember is not yet a large-scale industrial area. By law, article 66 is a form of protection that must be implemented properly. However, it must be careful and accommodate all existing values. Because the judiciary cannot reject every registered lawsuit.